Affinage

UBR2

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UBR2 · UniProt Q8IWV8

Length
1755 aa
Mass
200.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
25 papers in source corpus 18 papers cited in narrative 18 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 4/4 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

UBR2 is a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase and N-recognin of the N-end rule (N-degron) pathway that recognizes proteins bearing destabilizing N-terminal residues and, with substrate-binding properties closely paralleling UBR1, targets them for ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation (PMID:14585983); in yeast it acts through the cognate E2 Rad6 to degrade the proteasome-regulatory activator Rpn4 (PMID:15504724) and, together with Ubr1, clears misfolded cytosolic polypeptides in a Hsp70-stimulated quality-control pathway (PMID:20462952). Beyond canonical proteolysis, UBR2 functions as a scaffold E3 that drives HR6B/UbcH2-dependent monoubiquitination of histones H2A and H2B—an activity allosterically stimulated by dipeptides with destabilizing N-terminal residues—to silence transcription on unsynapsed meiotic chromatin and to support double-strand break repair, with loss producing spermatocyte/pachytene arrest, defective homologous-recombination repair, and chromosomal instability (PMID:20080676, PMID:22616001, PMID:14585983, PMID:16488448). UBR2 also stabilizes select binding partners rather than degrading them, as for the germ-cell protein Tex19.1 (PMID:21103378), and shapes diverse signaling outputs: it negatively regulates leucine–mTOR signaling as a leucine-binding protein whose substrate domain is leucine-inhibited (PMID:20298436), is required for NLRP1B inflammasome activation by ubiquitinating the lethal-toxin-cleaved NLRP1B N-terminal-leucine fragment via the E2 UBE2O (PMID:31268597), and activates Lck through K63-linked ubiquitination during TCR signaling under control of DUSP22-dependent dephosphorylation and SCF-mediated K48 degradation (PMID:38225265). UBR2 and UBR1 jointly serve as ER-stress sensors that are stabilized upon stress to protect against apoptosis (PMID:38376480), and UBR2 is transcriptionally induced in catabolic muscle through p38β–C/EBPβ signaling driving fiber atrophy (PMID:23568773, PMID:40511880).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 18 steps
  1. 2003 High

    Establishing whether UBR2 is a functional N-end rule E3 and what physiological process requires it answered the question of its core enzymatic identity and biological essentiality.

    Evidence Knockout mouse with spermatocyte arrest phenotype plus N-terminal substrate-binding assays

    PMID:14585983

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not identify physiological substrates degraded during meiosis
    • Mechanism linking N-recognin activity to synaptonemal complex defects unresolved
  2. 2004 High

    Identification of Rpn4 as the first physiological Ubr2 substrate, degraded via the E2 Rad6, defined the molecular logic of substrate ubiquitination and the Ubr2–E2 partnership.

    Evidence In vitro and in vivo ubiquitination and stability assays with genetic deletion in yeast

    PMID:15504724

    Open questions at the time
    • Mammalian counterpart substrates not addressed
    • Does not establish whether the same E2 pairing operates in metazoans
  3. 2004 Medium

    Finding that UBR1/UBR2 form a stable, non-degradative complex with RECQL4 raised the possibility that UBR2 can act as a chaperone/scaffold distinct from its proteolytic role.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP from HeLa extracts plus DNA-stimulated ATPase assay

    PMID:15317757

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of the complex for RECQL4 activity not defined
    • Whether binding stabilizes RECQL4 not directly tested
  4. 2006 High

    Double-knockout embryonic lethality clarified the partially divergent versus redundant roles of UBR1 and UBR2 in development.

    Evidence UBR1/UBR2 double-knockout mouse embryo histology and molecular marker analysis

    PMID:16606826

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct substrates underlying neurogenesis/cardiovascular defects unknown
    • Cyclin and Notch1 changes are correlative
  5. 2006 High

    Demonstrating HR-specific repair defects in UBR2-deficient cells connected the ligase to genome maintenance beyond germ cells.

    Evidence Chromosome spreads, HR/NHEJ reporter assays, and mitomycin C sensitivity in UBR2-/- fibroblasts

    PMID:16488448

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular substrate at DSB sites not identified
    • Mechanistic link between ubiquitination and HR machinery unresolved
  6. 2010 High

    Showing UBR2 ubiquitinates H2A through HR6B on unsynapsed chromatin defined a non-proteolytic, chromatin-silencing function and explained the meiotic phenotype.

    Evidence Chromatin immunofluorescence, Co-IP, in vitro ubiquitination, and UBR2-/- spermatocyte analysis

    PMID:20080676

    Open questions at the time
    • How UBR2 is recruited specifically to unsynapsed axial elements unknown
  7. 2010 High

    Reconstitution of misfolded-protein ubiquitination by Ubr1/Ubr2 with Hsp70 stimulation established a cytosolic protein quality-control role independent of N-terminal residue recognition.

    Evidence Purified in vitro ubiquitination of denatured luciferase plus genetic suppressor analysis in yeast

    PMID:20462952

    Open questions at the time
    • Recognition determinants on denatured substrates not mapped
    • Mammalian conservation of this activity not shown here
  8. 2010 Medium

    Identifying Tex19.1 as a UBR2-stabilized partner showed that UBR2 binding can metabolically protect a substrate rather than destroy it.

    Evidence Co-IP from testes plus Western and RT-PCR in Ubr2-/- germ cells

    PMID:21103378

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of stabilization versus degradation choice unknown
    • Single-lab observation without reciprocal mechanism
  9. 2010 Medium

    Discovery that UBR2 binds leucine and inhibits mTOR-S6K1 signaling linked N-recognin substrate recognition to amino acid sensing.

    Evidence Leucine-affinity pulldown, in vitro substrate degradation, and S6K1 phosphorylation readout under gain/loss-of-function

    PMID:20298436

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ubiquitination target in the mTOR pathway not identified
    • Whether leucine sensing is physiologically dominant unresolved
  10. 2012 High

    Defining UBR2 as a dipeptide-allosterically-activated scaffold E3 for H2A/H2B monoubiquitination unified its meiotic silencing and DSB-repair roles with N-degron sensing.

    Evidence In vitro histone ubiquitylation, dipeptide activation assay, and germ/somatic UBR2-/- phenotyping

    PMID:22616001

    Open questions at the time
    • Endogenous allosteric ligand identity in vivo unknown
    • Structural basis of allosteric activation not solved
  11. 2013 Medium

    Mapping the Mub1/Ubr2 complex to kinetochores via CENP-C and its regulation of Dsn1 levels revealed a kinetochore protein quality-control function in yeast.

    Evidence Kinetochore particle purification, Co-IP, and genetic deletion in budding yeast

    PMID:23408894

    Open questions at the time
    • Mammalian conservation of kinetochore role untested
    • Whether Dsn1 ubiquitination is direct not fully established
  12. 2013 High

    Identifying p38β–C/EBPβ control of the UBR2 promoter explained how catabolic stimuli transcriptionally upregulate UBR2 in muscle.

    Evidence Pharmacologic/genetic p38β manipulation, luciferase reporter, and tumor-bearing mouse models

    PMID:23568773

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream UBR2 substrates driving muscle wasting not defined
  13. 2019 High

    Showing UBR2 ubiquitinates the lethal-toxin-cleaved NLRP1B N-terminal-leucine fragment with UBE2O connected N-degron recognition to inflammasome activation.

    Evidence Genome-wide siRNA and CRISPR screens plus biochemical ubiquitination and pyroptosis reporters

    PMID:31268597

    Open questions at the time
    • Why UBE2O rather than the canonical meiotic E2 is used here not explained
  14. 2020 Medium

    Linking UBR2 to protection from caspase-independent cell death via Erk extended its role to cell-survival signaling.

    Evidence Genome-wide siRNA lethality screen with UBR2 KD/overexpression and MAPK/Erk pathway manipulation

    PMID:33288741

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ubiquitination substrate in the Erk axis not identified
    • Mechanism connecting E3 activity to Erk unresolved
  15. 2017 Medium

    Placing UBR2 upstream of β-catenin implicated it in Wnt-driven gastric cancer proliferation and stemness.

    Evidence shRNA knockdown with β-catenin pathway readouts and epistasis in gastric cancer cells

    PMID:28895255

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular link between UBR2 and β-catenin not defined
    • Pathway placement is indirect
  16. 2024 High

    Defining the DUSP22–UBR2–Lck axis showed UBR2 activates TCR signaling through K63-linked Lck ubiquitination and is itself regulated by dephosphorylation and SCF-mediated degradation.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, site-specific ubiquitination/phosphorylation mapping, T-cell CRISPR KO, scRNA-seq, and SLE patient samples

    PMID:38225265

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of K63 chain assembly on Lck unresolved
    • Whether this axis operates outside T cells unknown
  17. 2023 Medium

    Establishing UBR1/UBR2 as ER-stress sensors that are stabilized to limit apoptosis defined a self-regulatory layer of the ligases under proteostatic stress.

    Evidence UBR1/UBR2 double-knockout cell analysis with Lys48 ubiquitination and apoptosis assays under ER stress

    PMID:38376480

    Open questions at the time
    • Sensing mechanism that triggers stabilization not defined
    • Protective substrates downstream of UBR1/UBR2 not identified
  18. 2025 Medium

    Showing UBR2 knockdown prevents acetaldehyde-induced myotube atrophy directly implicated it in alcohol-related muscle fiber loss.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown in C2C12 myotubes with acetaldehyde treatment and atrophy/ubiquitination readouts

    PMID:40511880

    Open questions at the time
    • Atrophy-associated substrates of UBR2 not identified
    • Single-study cellular model only

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The endogenous substrates UBR2 ubiquitinates in most of its mammalian signaling roles (mTOR, Erk survival, Wnt/β-catenin, ER stress, muscle atrophy) remain undefined, as does the structural basis for its switch between proteolytic, scaffold, and substrate-stabilizing modes.
  • No structural model of N-recognin allosteric switching
  • Direct substrates in survival/cancer/atrophy pathways unidentified
  • Recruitment determinants to chromatin, kinetochores, and inflammasomes not unified

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016740 transferase activity 6 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 5 GO:0016874 ligase activity 3 GO:0042393 histone binding 2 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 4 R-HSA-1474165 Reproduction 3 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 2 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 2
Partners
DUSP22HR6B/UBCH2LCKNLRP1BRECQL4TEX19.1UBE2OUBR1
Complex memberships
Mub1/Ubr2 kinetochore-associated complexUBR1/UBR2 N-recognin complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 18 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2003 UBR2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase of the mammalian N-end rule pathway with substrate-binding properties highly similar to UBR1, recognizing proteins with destabilizing N-terminal residues. UBR2-deficient male mice show spermatocyte arrest between leptotene/zygotene and pachytene with absence of intact synaptonemal complexes and subsequent apoptosis, establishing a required role in male meiosis. Knockout mouse construction, substrate-binding assays, histological analysis of testes Molecular and cellular biology High 14585983
2004 RECQL4 (mutated in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome) forms a stable complex with UBR1 and UBR2 isolated from HeLa cells. The UBR1/2-bound RECQL4 was not ubiquitylated in vivo and was a long-lived protein; the isolated complex had DNA-stimulated ATPase activity. Co-immunoprecipitation with anti-RECQL4 antibodies from HeLa cell extracts, in vivo ubiquitylation assay, ATPase activity assay Human molecular genetics Medium 15317757
2004 Yeast Ubr2 ubiquitin ligase mediates ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Rpn4 (a transcriptional activator of proteasome genes) via the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Rad6, which directly interacts with Ubr2. Rpn4 was validated as the first physiological substrate of Ubr2 through in vivo and in vitro ubiquitination assays. In vivo and in vitro ubiquitination assays, genetic deletion, protein stability assays, synthetic growth defect analysis The Journal of biological chemistry High 15504724
2006 UBR1 and UBR2 double-knockout mouse embryos die at midgestation with defects in neurogenesis and cardiovascular development, including reduced proliferation and precocious migration/differentiation of neural progenitor cells; altered expression of D-type cyclins and Notch1 was observed, indicating partially divergent functions between UBR1 and UBR2. Double-knockout mouse construction, histological and molecular analysis of embryos Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 16606826
2006 UBR2-deficient mouse fibroblasts display chromosome fragility, chromosomal bridges, micronuclei, spontaneous chromosomal gaps, hypersensitivity to mitomycin C, and are significantly impaired in homologous recombination repair of double-strand breaks (but show normal non-homologous end joining), establishing a role for UBR2 in maintaining genome integrity via HR repair. Metaphase chromosome spreads, reporter assay for HR and NHEJ, mitomycin C sensitivity assay, UBR2-/- fibroblast cell lines Mutation research High 16488448
2010 UBR2 localizes to meiotic chromatin regions including unsynapsed axial elements and mediates transcriptional silencing by ubiquitinating histone H2A. UBR2 interacts with ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme HR6B, promotes HR6B–H2A interaction and ubiquitin transfer to H2A. UBR2-deficient spermatocytes fail to ubiquitinate H2A and fail to silence genes on unsynapsed X and Y chromosomes. Chromatin immunofluorescence, Co-immunoprecipitation (UBR2–HR6B, UBR2–H2A), in vitro ubiquitination assay, analysis of UBR2-/- spermatocytes Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 20080676
2010 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ubr1 and Ubr2 ubiquitin ligases promote degradation of unfolded/misfolded cytosolic polypeptides as part of a cytosolic protein quality control pathway. Ubr1 directly interacts with denatured substrates (not native protein), and Hsp70 stimulates polyubiquitination. Loss of Ubr1/Ubr2 suppresses growth arrest from chaperone mutation. Purified in vitro ubiquitination assay with denatured luciferase, genetic suppressor analysis (double mutant), yeast genetics Molecular biology of the cell High 20462952
2010 Ubr2 forms a stable protein complex with Tex19.1 (a germ cell-specific protein) in mouse testes. In Ubr2-deficient germ cells, Tex19.1 protein is absent despite normal Tex19.1 transcription, indicating that Ubr2 binding metabolically stabilizes Tex19.1, a function distinct from the conventional N-end rule proteolytic role. Co-immunoprecipitation from mouse testes, Western blot in Ubr2-/- germ cells, RT-PCR PloS one Medium 21103378
2010 UBR1 and UBR2 are leucine-binding proteins (identified via leucine-immobilized affinity beads). Leucine binds to the substrate-recognition domain of UBR2 and inhibits degradation of N-end rule substrates in vitro. Overexpression of UBR1/UBR2 reduces mTOR-dependent S6K1 phosphorylation, while knockdown increases S6K1 phosphorylation in amino acid-starved cells, identifying UBR1/UBR2 as negative regulators of the leucine-mTOR signaling pathway. Leucine-affinity pulldown, in vitro N-end rule substrate degradation assay, overexpression and siRNA knockdown with S6K1 phosphorylation readout Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms Medium 20298436
2012 UBR2 functions as a scaffold E3 that promotes HR6B/UbcH2-dependent monoubiquitylation of H2A and H2B (but not H3 or H4) through a mechanism distinct from typical polyubiquitylation. The E3 activity of UBR2 in histone ubiquitylation is allosterically activated by dipeptides bearing destabilizing N-terminal residues. UBR2-deficient spermatocytes show defects in DSB repair and undergo pachytene arrest. UBR2-deficient somatic cells show chromosomal instability and hypersensitivity to DNA damage. In vitro ubiquitylation assay with histone substrates, dipeptide allosteric activation assay, analysis of UBR2-/- cells (meiotic and somatic), chromosome spread analysis PloS one High 22616001
2013 Tumor cell-induced upregulation of UBR2 in muscle is mediated by p38β MAPK-dependent phosphorylation of C/EBPβ at Thr-188, which enables C/EBPβ binding to a functional responsive element in the UBR2 promoter. Genetic gain/loss-of-function confirmed p38β is sufficient and necessary for UBR2 upregulation; genetic ablation of C/EBPβ blocked UBR2 upregulation in tumor-bearing mice. Pharmacological inhibitor (SB202190), genetic gain/loss-of-function in C2C12 myotubes, luciferase reporter assay, ChIP-implied C/EBPβ binding, in vivo tumor-bearing mouse model FASEB journal High 23568773
2013 Budding yeast Mub1/Ubr2 ubiquitin ligase complex associates with kinetochore particles through CENP-C (Mif2) and regulates the levels of the outer kinetochore protein Dsn1 via ubiquitylation. Deletion of Mub1/Ubr2 restores levels and viability of a mutant Dsn1 protein, identifying a kinetochore quality control mechanism. Kinetochore particle purification, Co-IP, genetic deletion, protein level analysis in yeast PLoS genetics Medium 23408894
2019 UBR2 is required for NLRP1B inflammasome activation by anthrax lethal toxin (LT). LT cleaves NLRP1B after Lys44, generating a fragment with N-terminal leucine that is targeted by UBR2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation, partnering with E2 enzyme UBE2O. This degradation releases the noncovalently-bound C-terminal CARD domain for caspase-1 activation. Genome-wide siRNA screen, CRISPR-Cas9 KO screen, dual-fluorescence reporter system for ASC speck formation and pyroptosis, biochemical ubiquitination assays The EMBO journal High 31268597
2020 UBR2 protects cells from caspase-independent cell death (CICD) via the MAPK/Erk pathway. UBR2 downregulation sensitizes cells to CICD while overexpression is protective; this protection is mediated through Erk signaling. Genome-wide siRNA lethality screen, UBR2 KD/overexpression, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of MAPK/Erk pathway Cell death & disease Medium 33288741
2023 UBR1 and UBR2 are key sensors in the ER stress response in mammalian cells. Under normal conditions, UBR1 and UBR2 are polyubiquitinated via Lys48-linked chains and degraded by the 26S proteasome. Under ER stress, UBR1 and UBR2 are stabilized as an adaptive response. Cells lacking both UBR1 and UBR2 are hypersensitive to ER stress-induced apoptosis. UBR1/UBR2 double knockout cell analysis, ubiquitination linkage analysis (Lys48), protein stability assays under ER stress, apoptosis assays Molecules and cells Medium 38376480
2024 DUSP22 phosphatase inhibits UBR2 by dephosphorylating it at specific serine residues, leading to ubiquitin-mediated UBR2 degradation (via the SCF E3 complex via Lys48-linked ubiquitination). UBR2 induces Lys63-linked ubiquitination of Lck at Lys99 and Lys276, followed by Lck Tyr394 phosphorylation and activation during TCR signaling. Knockout of UBR2 attenuates inflammatory phenotypes caused by DUSP22 deletion. Co-IP (UBR2-Lck interaction), site-directed mapping of ubiquitination (K99, K276) and phosphorylation sites (Ser on UBR2), CRISPR KO of UBR2 in mouse T cells, single-cell RNA sequencing, SLE patient peripheral blood T cell analysis Nature communications High 38225265
2017 UBR2 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and stemness gene expression via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Knockdown of UBR2 in MFC cells decreased expression of β-catenin and its downstream targets (CD44, CyclinD1, CyclinD3, C-myc); additional depletion of UBR2 on top of β-catenin depletion showed no further effect on stemness genes, placing UBR2 upstream of β-catenin. shRNA knockdown of UBR2, Western blot for β-catenin pathway components, epistasis analysis (UBR2 KD + β-catenin depletion), exosome internalization assays Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) Medium 28895255
2025 Acetaldehyde treatment of C2C12 myotubes increases UBR2 expression and ubiquitination, and siRNA knockdown of UBR2 prevents acetaldehyde-induced myotube atrophy, establishing a direct role for UBR2 in alcohol-induced type II fast-twitch muscle fiber atrophy. siRNA knockdown of UBR2 in C2C12 myotubes, acetaldehyde treatment, myotube diameter measurement, ubiquitination assay Alcohol, clinical & experimental research Medium 40511880

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 25 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2003 Female lethality and apoptosis of spermatocytes in mice lacking the UBR2 ubiquitin ligase of the N-end rule pathway. Molecular and cellular biology 130 14585983
2010 Ubr1 and Ubr2 function in a quality control pathway for degradation of unfolded cytosolic proteins. Molecular biology of the cell 122 20462952
2004 RECQL4, mutated in the Rothmund-Thomson and RAPADILINO syndromes, interacts with ubiquitin ligases UBR1 and UBR2 of the N-end rule pathway. Human molecular genetics 89 15317757
2019 The N-end rule ubiquitin ligase UBR2 mediates NLRP1B inflammasome activation by anthrax lethal toxin. The EMBO journal 84 31268597
2017 UBR2 Enriched in p53 Deficient Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Exosome Promoted Gastric Cancer Progression via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 82 28895255
2006 Impaired neurogenesis and cardiovascular development in mice lacking the E3 ubiquitin ligases UBR1 and UBR2 of the N-end rule pathway. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 78 16606826
2004 Rpn4 is a physiological substrate of the Ubr2 ubiquitin ligase. The Journal of biological chemistry 76 15504724
2010 UBR2 mediates transcriptional silencing during spermatogenesis via histone ubiquitination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 74 20080676
2013 Signaling mechanism of tumor cell-induced up-regulation of E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR2. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 39 23568773
2012 UBR2 of the N-end rule pathway is required for chromosome stability via histone ubiquitylation in spermatocytes and somatic cells. PloS one 32 22616001
2010 The ubiquitin ligase Ubr2, a recognition E3 component of the N-end rule pathway, stabilizes Tex19.1 during spermatogenesis. PloS one 32 21103378
2010 Role of N-end rule ubiquitin ligases UBR1 and UBR2 in regulating the leucine-mTOR signaling pathway. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 31 20298436
2013 The Mub1/Ubr2 ubiquitin ligase complex regulates the conserved Dsn1 kinetochore protein. PLoS genetics 26 23408894
2006 Loss of Ubr2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, leads to chromosome fragility and impaired homologous recombinational repair. Mutation research 21 16488448
2024 The phosphatase DUSP22 inhibits UBR2-mediated K63-ubiquitination and activation of Lck downstream of TCR signalling. Nature communications 20 38225265
2014 The Ubr2 Gene is Expressed in Skeletal Muscle Atrophying as a Result of Hind Limb Suspension, but not Merg1a Expression Alone. European journal of translational myology 16 26913136
2020 The E3 ligase UBR2 regulates cell death under caspase deficiency via Erk/MAPK pathway. Cell death & disease 12 33288741
2016 Synergistic Control of Kinetochore Protein Levels by Psh1 and Ubr2. PLoS genetics 8 26891228
2011 Single nucleotide polymorphism in the UBR2 gene may be a genetic risk factor for Japanese patients with azoospermia by meiotic arrest. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 7 21573678
2017 Defects in methylation of arginine 37 on CENP-A/Cse4 are compensated by the ubiquitin ligase complex Ubr2/Mub1. FEMS yeast research 6 28158539
2023 N-recognins UBR1 and UBR2 as central ER stress sensors in mammals. Molecules and cells 5 38376480
2016 Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in UBR2 gene with idiopathic aspermia or oligospermia in Sichuan, China. Andrologia 2 26940145
2025 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mub1, a substrate adaptor of E3 ubiquitin ligase Ubr2, modulates sensitivity to cell wall stressors through multiple transcription factors. The FEBS journal 1 40165610
2025 Upregulation of E3 ligase UBR2 in acetaldehyde-treated C2C12 myotubes and its potential involvement in fast-twitch muscle atrophy in alcohol-fed rats. Alcohol, clinical & experimental research 1 40511880
2025 The role of UBR2 in triple-negative breast cancer and its implications for immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Discover oncology 0 40676335

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