Affinage

TNFRSF19

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19 · UniProt Q9NS68

Length
423 aa
Mass
46.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 20 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 5/5 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

TNFRSF19 (TROY/TAJ) is an orphan, death-domain-less type I membrane receptor of the TNF receptor superfamily that couples to divergent intracellular outputs through its cytoplasmic TRAF-binding sequence, activating NF-κB and JNK signaling (PMID:10809768, PMID:10764796). In the nervous system it assembles a co-receptor complex with NgR1 and LINGO-1, substituting for p75 to transduce myelin-inhibitor signals into RhoA activation and suppression of neurite outgrowth, an effect that depends on its direct association with RhoGDIα via two mapped intracellular regions (PMID:15694321, PMID:15694322, PMID:24129566); consistent with this, TROY restrains oligodendrocyte precursor differentiation and remyelination (PMID:24749558). TNFRSF19 is a direct transcriptional target of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling that drives osteoblast over adipocyte differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells and regulates CNS angiogenesis together with DR6/TNFRSF21 (PMID:20223822, PMID:22340501). In cancer it operates as a pro-tumorigenic signaling hub: it nucleates a Pyk2–Rac1/PDZ-RhoGEF–Rho and JAK1–STAT3 signalsome that drives glioblastoma invasion, migration, and resistance to irradiation and temozolomide via Akt and NF-κB (PMID:20881009, PMID:23699535, PMID:30219706, PMID:32629176), blocks TGFβ signaling by binding the TβRI kinase domain to prevent Smad2/3 association (PMID:29735548), and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma stemness by inducing p85α polyubiquitylation and degradation to activate PI3K/AKT/TBX3 (PMID:35610614). A Wnt/β-catenin–TNFRSF19 axis additionally suppresses SASP cytokines such as IL-6 and CXCL8 to promote immune exclusion in NAFLD-driven HCC (PMID:35351523).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 2000 Medium

    Established that this orphan TNFRSF member signals despite lacking a death domain, defining TRAF recruitment as its proximal mechanism for NF-κB/JNK activation.

    Evidence Overexpression with co-IP of TRAF family members and NF-κB/JNK reporter assays with dominant-negative TRAF2/5/6 in mammalian cells

    PMID:10764796 PMID:10809768

    Open questions at the time
    • Based on overexpression rather than endogenous receptor
    • No physiological ligand or stoichiometry of TRAF engagement defined
  2. 2004 Medium

    Characterized a non-apoptotic, caspase-independent paraptosis-like death program triggered by TROY and linked it to PDCD5, expanding the receptor's effector repertoire beyond NF-κB.

    Evidence Overexpression in 293T cells with TEM, flow cytometry, caspase inhibitors and PDCD5 co-expression

    PMID:15020679

    Open questions at the time
    • Relies on overexpression; physiological relevance unclear
    • Mechanism linking TROY to PDCD5 not resolved
  3. 2005 High

    Identified a neuronal function: TROY substitutes for p75 in the NgR1/LINGO-1 complex to transduce myelin-inhibitor signals into RhoA activation, resolving why p75-negative neurons remain myelin-responsive.

    Evidence Co-IP, dominant-negative and soluble TROY, RhoA activation, and neurite outgrowth assays in wild-type and Taj-knockout neurons across two independent labs

    PMID:15694321 PMID:15694322

    Open questions at the time
    • Intracellular effector linking TROY to RhoA not yet identified at this stage
    • Quantitative contribution relative to p75 in vivo unclear
  4. 2007 Medium

    Provided a candidate ligand by showing lymphotoxin-alpha binds TROY and drives NF-κB transcription, addressing the orphan status of the receptor.

    Evidence Immunoprecipitation, recombinant LTα, and NF-κB reporter co-transfection

    PMID:18202551

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab binding/reporter evidence not independently confirmed
    • Physiological LTα–TROY signaling in vivo not demonstrated
  5. 2008 High

    Defined a developmental role in ectodermal organ formation, showing Troy acts redundantly with Eda/Edar to initiate hair follicle development through NF-κB-independent pathways.

    Evidence Troy-null and Eda/Troy double-mutant mice with NF-κB reporter and follicle morphology

    PMID:18689798

    Open questions at the time
    • NF-κB-independent effector pathway not identified
    • Ligand driving Troy in skin not defined
  6. 2010 Medium

    Connected TROY to Wnt biology and to cancer invasion by establishing it as a direct β-catenin target controlling MSC differentiation and as a Pyk2-dependent activator of Rac1 driving glioma invasion.

    Evidence Promoter reporter, siRNA/overexpression with differentiation assays in hMSCs; co-IP, Rac1 assay, Pyk2 shRNA and invasion assays in glioma

    PMID:20223822 PMID:20881009

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether differentiation and invasion roles share a common downstream node unknown
    • Pyk2-to-Rac1 GEF intermediary not yet identified in 2010
  7. 2012 Medium

    Extended TROY function to vascular and microglial contexts, showing it cooperates with DR6 for CNS angiogenesis and mediates glioma-induced microglial migration via Pyk2/Rac1/JNK.

    Evidence Co-IP (DR6-TROY), zebrafish/mouse vascular phenotyping, JNK/VEGF sprouting assays; microglial siRNA knockdown and migration assays

    PMID:22340501 PMID:22649568

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect role in endothelial JNK activation not separated
    • Ligand triggering TROY in microglia unknown
  8. 2013 High

    Demonstrated TROY drives glioblastoma therapeutic resistance and mapped its RhoA-activating effector by identifying RhoGDIα as a direct intracellular partner.

    Evidence TROY OE/KD with Akt/NF-κB inhibitors and xenograft survival; GST pull-down/MS, deletion mutagenesis, RhoA and neurite assays for RhoGDIα

    PMID:23699535 PMID:24129566

    Open questions at the time
    • How RhoGDIα binding converts to RhoA activation mechanistically not fully defined
    • Link between resistance signaling and RhoGDIα axis not established
  9. 2014 Medium

    Clarified isoform-specific signaling and a neural regulatory role, showing TNFRSF19.2 is a β-catenin target with a TRAF-binding NF-κB linkage and that TROY suppresses oligodendrocyte differentiation via PKC.

    Evidence NF-κB reporter and isoform characterization in colorectal cells; pharmacological/RNAi TROY modulation with PKC analysis and in vivo OPC transplantation

    PMID:24623448 PMID:24749558

    Open questions at the time
    • How isoform 1 activates NF-κB without a TRAF site unexplained
    • PKC connection to TROY mechanistically undefined
  10. 2018 High

    Revealed two new cancer mechanisms: direct inhibition of TGFβ signaling by binding the TβRI kinase domain, and assembly of a PDZ-RhoGEF/Pyk2 signalsome potentiating NF-κB and Rho-driven glioma migration.

    Evidence Reciprocal co-IP with domain mapping, Smad2/3 phosphorylation, CRISPR KO/OE, cell-cycle assays; co-IPs, Rho assay, PDZ-RhoGEF knockdown and xenograft survival

    PMID:29735548 PMID:30219706

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TGFβ inhibition requires ligand-engaged TROY unclear
    • Spatial organization of the TROY/Pyk2/PDZ-RhoGEF signalsome not resolved
  11. 2020 Medium

    Identified JAK1–STAT3 as an NF-κB-independent arm of TROY signaling driving GBM migration and temozolomide resistance, broadening the receptor's oncogenic output.

    Evidence Co-IP (TROY-JAK1), JAK1/STAT3 phosphorylation and reporter assays, JAK1 siRNA and ruxolitinib with migration/resistance readouts

    PMID:32629176

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs scaffolded TROY-JAK1 contact not distinguished
    • Single-lab interaction without reciprocal in vivo confirmation
  12. 2022 Medium

    Established TROY as a downstream effector of oncogenic β-catenin in hepatocellular carcinoma that both promotes stemness via p85α degradation/PI3K-AKT-TBX3 and enforces immune exclusion by repressing SASP cytokines.

    Evidence ChIP-seq/transcriptome with CTNNB1 S45P models and ICG-001; co-IP, p85α ubiquitylation/degradation, AKT/TBX3 and stemness assays with wortmannin

    PMID:35351523 PMID:35610614

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligase mediating p85α ubiquitylation not identified
    • Mechanism linking TROY to SASP cytokine repression undefined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The authentic physiological ligand(s) and the rules governing which downstream pathway (NF-κB, JNK, RhoA, JAK1-STAT3, PI3K, TGFβ inhibition) TROY engages in a given cell type remain unresolved.
  • LTα candidacy not independently validated as the physiological ligand
  • No structural basis for context-dependent effector selection
  • Reconciliation of pro-death versus pro-survival signaling lacking

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 4 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4
Partners
ARHGDIAARHGEF11JAK1LINGO1NGFRPTK2BRTN4RTRAF2
Complex memberships
NgR1/LINGO-1/TROY myelin co-receptor complexTROY/Pyk2/PDZ-RhoGEF signalsome

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2000 TROY/TAJ activates the JNK pathway and induces caspase-independent apoptosis when overexpressed in mammalian cells; it interacts with TRAF family members via its cytoplasmic domain despite lacking a death domain. Overexpression in mammalian cells, co-immunoprecipitation with TRAF family members, JNK pathway reporter assays, caspase-independence demonstrated by inhibitor studies The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 10809768
2000 TROY is a type I membrane protein with cysteine-rich motifs in its extracellular domain and a TRAF2-binding sequence in its cytoplasmic domain; overexpression of TROY induces NF-κB activation, which is inhibited by dominant-negative forms of TRAF2, TRAF5, and TRAF6. Signal sequence trap cloning, overexpression assays, dominant-negative TRAF constructs, NF-κB reporter assays The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 10764796
2004 Overexpression of TAJ/TROY induces a non-apoptotic paraptosis-like cell death in 293T cells, characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolation, mitochondrial swelling, phosphatidylserine externalization, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and independence from caspase activation; PDCD5 overexpression enhances this TAJ/TROY-induced cell death, and endogenous PDCD5 is upregulated in response to TAJ/TROY overexpression. Overexpression in 293T cells, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry (PS externalization, mitochondrial potential), caspase inhibitor assays, clonogenic growth assays, Western blot Journal of cell science Medium 15020679
2005 TROY forms a functional receptor complex with NgR1 (Nogo-66 receptor) and LINGO-1 to mediate neuronal responses to myelin inhibitors; dominant-negative TROY or soluble TROY protein blocks neuronal responses to myelin inhibitors. Co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression of dominant-negative TROY, soluble TROY protein treatment, neurite outgrowth assays Neuron High 15694321
2005 TAJ/TROY binds NgR1 and can replace p75 in the p75/NgR1/LINGO-1 complex to activate RhoA in the presence of myelin inhibitors; neurons from Taj-deficient mice are more resistant to myelin inhibitor-mediated suppression of neurite outgrowth. Binding assays, co-immunoprecipitation, RhoA activation assay, Taj knockout mouse neurons, neurite outgrowth inhibition assays Neuron High 15694322
2007 Lymphotoxin-alpha (LTα) is a functional ligand of TROY; LTα (but not LTβ or LTα/LTβ combinations) binds TROY by immunoprecipitation, and co-transfection of LTα with TROY sharply upregulates NF-κB reporter transcription in a dose-dependent manner. Immunoprecipitation, NF-κB reporter co-transfection assays, recombinant LTα treatment Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) Medium 18202551
2008 Troy and Edar signaling pathways act redundantly to regulate initiation of hair follicle development; Troy single-null mice have no ectodermal organ defects, but Troy/Eda double-mutant mice lack secondary wave hair follicles and develop focal alopecia; the functional overlap operates through NF-κB-independent pathways. Troy null mouse generation, Eda/Troy double-mutant crosses, NF-κB transgenic reporter analysis, hair follicle morphology assessment Human molecular genetics High 18689798
2010 TROY overexpression in glioma cells activates Rac1 signaling in a Pyk2-dependent manner to drive glioma cell invasion and migration; Pyk2 co-immunoprecipitates with TROY, and shRNA depletion of Pyk2 inhibits TROY-induced Rac1 activation and cellular migration. Co-immunoprecipitation (Pyk2 with TROY), Rac1 activation assay, shRNA knockdown of Pyk2, cell invasion/migration assays Molecular cancer research : MCR Medium 20881009
2010 TNFRSF19 (transcript 2, TNFRSF19.2) is a direct target of canonical Wnt signaling in human mesenchymal stem cells; TNFRSF19 mediates Wnt-induced osteoblast differentiation and opposes adipogenesis; TNFRSF19 is negatively regulated by the adipogenic transcription factor C/EBP. Whole genome expression microarray, dual luciferase promoter assay, siRNA knockdown of TNFRSF19, overexpression in hMSC lines with differential LRP5 activity, alkaline phosphatase activity assay, adipogenesis assays The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 20223822
2012 DR6/TNFRSF21 and TROY/TNFRSF19 interact physically and genetically to regulate CNS-specific angiogenesis; they are required for VEGF-mediated JNK activation and brain endothelial sprouting in vitro; both are downstream target genes of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in brain endothelium. Gene expression profiling, zebrafish and mouse in vivo vascular phenotyping, co-immunoprecipitation (DR6-TROY interaction), JNK activation assay, VEGF-stimulated sprouting assays, β-catenin overexpression in brain endothelium Developmental cell Medium 22340501
2013 TROY expression increases resistance of glioblastoma cells to IR- and TMZ-induced apoptosis via activation of Akt and NF-κB; inhibition of either Akt or NF-κB suppresses the survival benefits of TROY signaling; TROY knockdown in primary GBM xenografts significantly prolongs survival in vivo. TROY overexpression and knockdown, Akt and NF-κB pathway inhibitors, apoptosis assays, intracranial xenograft mouse model with survival analysis Molecular cancer research : MCR Medium 23699535
2013 TROY interacts with RhoGDIα; two intracellular regions of TROY (amino acids 234–256 and 321–350) are required for this interaction; TROY/RhoGDIα association is potentiated by Nogo-66 and is independent of p75/RhoGDIα interaction; this association mediates TROY-dependent RhoA activation and neurite outgrowth inhibition. GST pull-down combined with 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation in vitro and in vivo, deletion mutagenesis, RhoA activation assay, neurite outgrowth assays in p75-deficient neurons, TROY knockdown The Journal of biological chemistry High 24129566
2014 TNFRSF19.2 is a β-catenin target gene in colorectal cancer cells; both TNFRSF19 isoforms activate NF-κB reporter activity; TNFRSF19.2 contains a TRAF-binding site that links it to NF-κB signaling, whereas isoform 1 lacks this site yet still induces NF-κB reporter activity. NF-κB reporter gene assays, β-catenin-dependent regulation assessed in colorectal cancer cell lines, isoform characterization, sequence analysis of TRAF-binding site International journal of cancer Medium 24623448
2014 Pharmacological inhibition or RNAi knockdown of TROY promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation, whereas TROY overexpression dampens oligodendrocyte maturation; PKC signaling is mechanistically involved in TROY's inhibitory effects on OPC differentiation; TROY inhibition in transplanted OPCs enhances remyelination and neurological recovery after spinal cord injury. TROY inhibition (pharmacological and RNAi), overexpression, differentiation assays, PKC pathway analysis, co-culture myelination assays, in vivo OPC transplantation in SCI rat model Stem cells and development Medium 24749558
2018 TNFRSF19 binds the kinase domain of TGFβ receptor type I (TβRI) in the cytoplasm, blocking Smad2/3 association with TβRI and subsequent TGFβ signal transduction; TNFRSF19 overexpression confers resistance to TGFβ-induced cell-cycle arrest, and knockout of TNFRSF19 unleashes TGFβ signaling with upregulation of Smad2/3 phosphorylation and target gene transcription. Co-immunoprecipitation (TNFRSF19 with TβRI), domain mapping of interaction (kinase domain), Smad2/3 phosphorylation assay, TNFRSF19 overexpression and CRISPR knockout, TGFβ-responsive gene expression, cell-cycle assays Cancer research High 29735548
2018 PDZ-RhoGEF is a binding partner of TROY that potentiates TROY-induced NF-κB activation; PDZ-RhoGEF also interacts with Pyk2, forming a signalsome with TROY and Pyk2; TROY expression stimulates Rho activation via PDZ-RhoGEF, and depletion of PDZ-RhoGEF reduces Rho activation and TROY-induced glioma cell migration. Co-immunoprecipitation (TROY with PDZ-RhoGEF, PDZ-RhoGEF with Pyk2), NF-κB reporter assay, Rho activation assay, PDZ-RhoGEF knockdown, cell migration assays, orthotopic xenograft survival Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) Medium 30219706
2020 TROY interacts with JAK1; increased TROY expression increases JAK1 phosphorylation and promotes STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 transcriptional activity in a JAK1-dependent manner; TROY-mediated STAT3 activation is independent of NF-κB; inhibition or knockdown of JAK1 (ruxolitinib or siRNA) inhibits TROY-induced STAT3 activation, GBM cell migration, and resistance to temozolomide. Co-immunoprecipitation (TROY with JAK1), phosphorylation assays (JAK1, STAT3), STAT3 reporter assay, siRNA knockdown of JAK1, ruxolitinib pharmacological inhibition, cell migration and temozolomide resistance assays Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) Medium 32629176
2022 In NAFLD-HCC, mutant β-catenin (CTNNB1 S45P) upregulates TNFRSF19 transcription; TNFRSF19 subsequently represses senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-like cytokines including IL-6 and CXCL8, contributing to immune exclusion; this axis can be reversed by the Wnt modulator ICG-001. ChIP-sequencing integrated with transcriptome and immune profiling, primary patient-derived culture with CTNNB1 S45P driver mutation, syngeneic immunocompetent mouse model, ICG-001 treatment Journal of hepatology Medium 35351523
2022 TROY promotes HCC stemness by interacting with PI3K subunit p85α, inducing its polyubiquitylation and degradation, which activates PI3K/AKT/TBX3 signaling and upregulates pluripotency genes (SOX2, NANOG, OCT4) and promotes EMT; PI3K inhibitor wortmannin impairs this stemness pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation (TROY with p85α), Western blot for p85α ubiquitylation/degradation, AKT/TBX3 pathway analysis, spheroid/ALDH/apoptosis assays, double immunofluorescence Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR Medium 35610614
2012 In microglia, TROY is upregulated in response to glioma cells and functions as a signaling molecule mediating microglial migration; Pyk2, Rac1, and pJNK are downstream signaling molecules of TROY in microglia; siRNA knockdown of TROY in microglia inhibits their migration toward glioma cells, similar to propentofylline treatment. Western blot, siRNA knockdown of TROY, Pyk2, Rac1 in microglia, microglial migration assay toward glioma cells PloS one Medium 22649568

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2003 GSK-3: tricks of the trade for a multi-tasking kinase. Journal of cell science 1759 12615961
2007 The evolution of trade-offs: where are we? Journal of evolutionary biology 398 17305809
2017 Mechanisms to Mitigate the Trade-Off between Growth and Defense. The Plant cell 383 28320784
2005 A TNF receptor family member, TROY, is a coreceptor with Nogo receptor in mediating the inhibitory activity of myelin inhibitors. Neuron 320 15694321
2005 TAJ/TROY, an orphan TNF receptor family member, binds Nogo-66 receptor 1 and regulates axonal regeneration. Neuron 319 15694322
2017 Trade-off between Transcriptome Plasticity and Genome Evolution in Cephalopods. Cell 236 28388405
2013 Somatotropic signaling: trade-offs between growth, reproductive development, and longevity. Physiological reviews 225 23589828
2020 Pleiotropy complicates a trade-off between phage resistance and antibiotic resistance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 217 32424102
2019 Energetic Trade-Offs and Hypometabolic States Promote Disease Tolerance. Cell 210 30853215
2020 Fitness Trade-Offs Resulting from Bacteriophage Resistance Potentiate Synergistic Antibacterial Strategies. Infection and immunity 175 32094257
2005 Present and future of cell-penetrating peptide mediated delivery systems: "is the Trojan horse too wild to go only to Troy?". Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society 173 16271792
2020 A universal trade-off between growth and lag in fluctuating environments. Nature 164 32669712
2004 An alternative form of paraptosis-like cell death, triggered by TAJ/TROY and enhanced by PDCD5 overexpression. Journal of cell science 158 15020679
2019 Revisiting Trade-offs between Rubisco Kinetic Parameters. Biochemistry 154 31259528
2013 Life history trade-offs in cancer evolution. Nature reviews. Cancer 151 24213474
2015 Trade-off Mechanisms Shaping the Diversity of Bacteria. Trends in microbiology 148 26705697
2020 Tumour heterogeneity and the evolutionary trade-offs of cancer. Nature reviews. Cancer 145 32094544
2022 Jasmonate Signaling Pathway Modulates Plant Defense, Growth, and Their Trade-Offs. International journal of molecular sciences 124 35409303
2014 DNA damage and innate immunity: links and trade-offs. Trends in immunology 123 25023467
2017 Trade-offs between enzyme fitness and solubility illuminated by deep mutational scanning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 119 28196882
2000 TROY, a newly identified member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, exhibits a homology with Edar and is expressed in embryonic skin and hair follicles. The Journal of biological chemistry 109 10764796
2012 Death receptors DR6 and TROY regulate brain vascular development. Developmental cell 108 22340501
2018 Diet, Microbiota, and Metabolic Health: Trade-Off Between Saccharolytic and Proteolytic Fermentation. Annual review of food science and technology 107 29298101
2016 Metabolic Trade-offs in Yeast are Caused by F1F0-ATP synthase. Scientific reports 105 26928598
2000 TAJ, a novel member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway and mediates caspase-independent cell death. The Journal of biological chemistry 101 10809768
2002 Trade-offs and coexistence in microbial microcosms. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 100 12448710
2017 Cancer metastasis - tricks of the trade. Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences 96 28278128
2014 A survey on "Trojan Horse" peptides: opportunities, issues and controlled entry to "Troy". Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society 95 25151981
2014 Tools of the trade: podosomes as multipurpose organelles of monocytic cells. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 84 25300510
2016 Cadmium Protection Strategies--A Hidden Trade-Off? International journal of molecular sciences 83 26805823
2012 Podocyte culture: tricks of the trade. Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) 83 22591222
2014 β-catenin regulates NF-κB activity via TNFRSF19 in colorectal cancer cells. International journal of cancer 73 24623448
2003 Ectodysplasin, Edar and TNFRSF19 are expressed in complementary and overlapping patterns during mouse embryogenesis. Gene expression patterns : GEP 68 12972005
2007 TROY and LINGO-1 expression in astrocytes and macrophages/microglia in multiple sclerosis lesions. Neuropathology and applied neurobiology 66 17239012
2018 Metabolic enzyme cost explains variable trade-offs between microbial growth rate and yield. PLoS computational biology 65 29451895
2010 TROY (TNFRSF19) is overexpressed in advanced glial tumors and promotes glioblastoma cell invasion via Pyk2-Rac1 signaling. Molecular cancer research : MCR 62 20881009
2010 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19 (TNFRSF19) regulates differentiation fate of human mesenchymal (stromal) stem cells through canonical Wnt signaling and C/EBP. The Journal of biological chemistry 60 20223822
2023 The pleiotropic AMPK-CncC signaling pathway regulates the trade-off between detoxification and reproduction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 58 36853946
2022 Fundamental immune-oncogenicity trade-offs define driver mutation fitness. Nature 58 35545680
2019 Tumor diversity and the trade-off between universal cancer tasks. Nature communications 58 31780652
2008 Edar and Troy signalling pathways act redundantly to regulate initiation of hair follicle development. Human molecular genetics 58 18689798
2014 Stress, genomic adaptation, and the evolutionary trade-off. Frontiers in genetics 57 24795754
2012 Gene functional trade-offs and the evolution of pleiotropy. Genetics 54 22982578
2023 Counteraction of stability-activity trade-off of Nattokinase through flexible region shifting. Food chemistry 50 37178594
2022 Unique molecular characteristics of NAFLD-associated liver cancer accentuate β-catenin/TNFRSF19-mediated immune evasion. Journal of hepatology 47 35351523
2023 PSKR1 balances the plant growth-defence trade-off in the rhizosphere microbiome. Nature plants 45 37973937
2020 Trade-offs, Pleiotropy, and Shared Molecular Pathways: A Unified View of Constraints on Adaptation. Integrative and comparative biology 45 32483607
2013 TROY (TNFRSF19) promotes glioblastoma survival signaling and therapeutic resistance. Molecular cancer research : MCR 45 23699535
1999 Characterization of TNFRSF19, a novel member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Genomics 44 10585776
2018 TNFRSF19 Inhibits TGFβ Signaling through Interaction with TGFβ Receptor Type I to Promote Tumorigenesis. Cancer research 42 29735548
2019 Directed evolution methods for overcoming trade-offs between protein activity and stability. AIChE journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers 41 32719568
2019 Proteins: molecules defined by their trade-offs. Current opinion in structural biology 38 31816559
2017 Aging, mortality, and the fast growth trade-off of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. PLoS biology 38 28632741
2016 Shifting Fitness and Epistatic Landscapes Reflect Trade-offs along an Evolutionary Pathway. Journal of molecular biology 37 27173379
2009 Trade-off between immune stimulation and expression of storage protein genes. Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology 37 19309002
2015 Novel players fine-tune plant trade-offs. Essays in biochemistry 36 26374889
2019 The inherited variations of a p53-responsive enhancer in 13q12.12 confer lung cancer risk by attenuating TNFRSF19 expression. Genome biology 35 31126313
2024 An activity-specificity trade-off encoded in human transcription factors. Nature cell biology 34 38969762
2022 Targeting TROY-mediated P85a/AKT/TBX3 signaling attenuates tumor stemness and elevates treatment response in hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 33 35610614
2011 A strong synergistic epistasis between FAM134B and TNFRSF19 on the susceptibility to vascular dementia. Psychiatric genetics 33 21127458
2007 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member TROY is a novel melanoma biomarker and potential therapeutic target. International journal of cancer 33 17187358
2024 GPCR-MAPK signaling pathways underpin fitness trade-offs in whitefly. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 31 38959045
2019 Abscisic acid signalling mediates biomass trade-off and allocation in poplar. The New phytologist 31 31050802
2010 Violations of robustness trade-offs. Molecular systems biology 31 20571533
2022 Navigating bottlenecks and trade-offs in genomic data analysis. Nature reviews. Genetics 30 36476810
2020 Modeling microbial metabolic trade-offs in a chemostat. PLoS computational biology 30 32857772
2017 A molecular portrait of maternal sepsis from Byzantine Troy. eLife 29 28072390
2015 Overexpression and optimization of glutamate decarboxylase in Lactobacillus plantarum Taj-Apis362 for high gamma-aminobutyric acid production. Microbial biotechnology 28 25757029
2021 Trade-off between Plasticity and Velocity in Mycelial Growth. mBio 27 33727355
2018 Precision in a rush: Trade-offs between reproducibility and steepness of the hunchback expression pattern. PLoS computational biology 27 30307984
2011 The spread of pathogens through trade in aquatic animals and their products. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) 27 21809767
2007 Troy binding to lymphotoxin-alpha activates NF kappa B mediated transcription. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 26 18202551
2015 DNA Barcoding Identifies Illegal Parrot Trade. The Journal of heredity 25 26245790
2004 Expression of a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, TROY, in the developing olfactory system. Glia 25 14966863
2021 Trade-Offs in Biosensor Optimization for Dynamic Pathway Engineering. ACS synthetic biology 24 34968029
2012 Propentofylline targets TROY, a novel microglial signaling pathway. PloS one 23 22649568
2021 Darwinian properties and their trade-offs in autocatalytic RNA reaction networks. Nature communications 22 33558542
2016 Tools of the trade: studying molecular networks in plants. Current opinion in plant biology 22 26990519
2019 International beeswax trade facilitates small hive beetle invasions. Scientific reports 21 31337838
2025 Rheological, Structural, and Biological Trade-Offs in Bioink Design for 3D Bioprinting. Gels (Basel, Switzerland) 20 40868789
2017 Troy/TNFRSF19 marks epithelial progenitor cells during mouse kidney development that continue to contribute to turnover in adult kidney. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20 29237753
2008 Troy/Taj and its role in CNS axon regeneration. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 20 18524667
2020 TROY signals through JAK1-STAT3 to promote glioblastoma cell migration and resistance. Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) 19 32629176
2018 Evolutionary trade-offs and the structure of polymorphisms. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 19 29632259
2019 Computational Modeling of Anthocyanin Pathway Evolution: Biases, Hotspots, and Trade-offs. Integrative and comparative biology 18 31120530
2015 Robust and precise morphogen-mediated patterning: trade-offs, constraints and mechanisms. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface 18 25551154
2021 The evolution of convex trade-offs enables the transition towards multicellularity. Nature communications 17 34244514
2021 Breaking down barriers on PV trade will facilitate global carbon mitigation. Nature communications 17 34819496
2020 Control strategies to manage trade-offs during microbial production. Current opinion in biotechnology 17 32810759
2012 Do persistent RNA viruses fit the trade-off hypothesis of virulence evolution? Current opinion in virology 17 22819020
2021 Plants-nematodes-microbes crosstalk within soil: A trade-off among friends or foes. Microbiological research 16 33845302
2014 Inhibition of TROY promotes OPC differentiation and increases therapeutic efficacy of OPC graft for spinal cord injury. Stem cells and development 16 24749558
2018 PDZ-RhoGEF Is a Signaling Effector for TROY-Induced Glioblastoma Cell Invasion and Survival. Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) 14 30219706
2018 Life History Trade-Offs in Tumors. Current pathobiology reports 14 30595969
2006 Characterization of TROY/TNFRSF19/TAJ-expressing cells in the adult mouse forebrain. Brain research 14 16870160
2024 Phenotypic Plasticity in Locusts: Trade-Off Between Migration and Reproduction. Annual review of entomology 13 39227131
2022 Long noncoding RNA SNHG8 promotes chemoresistance in gastric cancer via binding with hnRNPA1 and stabilizing TROY expression. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 13 35354542
2021 Foraging trade-offs, flagellar arrangements, and flow architecture of planktonic protists. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 13 33431666
2013 TROY interacts with Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor α (RhoGDIα) to mediate Nogo-induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth. The Journal of biological chemistry 13 24129566
2020 Downregulation of TNFRSF19 and RAB43 by a novel miRNA, miR-HCC3, promotes proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 12 32102752

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