Affinage

SULF1

Extracellular sulfatase Sulf-1 · UniProt Q8IWU6

Length
871 aa
Mass
101.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 39 papers cited in narrative 38 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

SULF1 is a cell-surface and secreted heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase that remodels the sulfation landscape of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) to control the bioavailability and receptor presentation of heparin-binding growth factors and morphogens (PMID:12686563, PMID:19822709). It selectively hydrolyzes 6-O-sulfate groups from the N,6-O,2-O-trisulfated disaccharides of intact cell-surface and matrix heparan sulfate, and is the dominant in vivo regulator of HS 6-O-desulfation, with substrate specificity for HS over chondroitin sulfate (PMID:19822709, PMID:22298771). Enzymatic competence depends on a unique ~320-residue hydrophilic domain (HD) that confers nanomolar, 6-O-sulfate-dependent heparan sulfate binding through a catch-bond whose lifetime increases under force only on sulfated substrate, allowing processive action and substrate-turnover-driven release along HS chains (PMID:19666466, PMID:23891937, PMID:25863062); activity additionally requires N-linked glycosylation, a Ca2+ ion, and SUMF1-mediated conversion of the active-site cysteine to Cα-formylglycine (PMID:17855356, PMID:41025518). By stripping 6-O-sulfate from HSPGs, SULF1 attenuates ternary growth-factor/receptor/HS complex formation and downstream signaling for FGF-2/FGFR, HB-EGF and amphiregulin/EGFR, HGF/c-Met, and VEGF165/VEGFR-2, while conversely enhancing GDNF signaling by releasing GDNF from HS (PMID:12686563, PMID:14973553, PMID:16778174, PMID:17363371, PMID:21853101, PMID:17720696). In development it shapes morphogen gradients and tissue patterning—restricting Shh diffusion in the neural tube, exerting ligand-specific control over canonical versus non-canonical Wnt signaling, regulating BMP-dependent somitogenesis and VEGFA-driven arterial specification, and guiding corticospinal axons by limiting Slit2 accumulation (PMID:24768893, PMID:25681501, PMID:23583585, PMID:23959107, PMID:29062064). SULF1 acts as a context-dependent tumor suppressor whose loss enhances ERK/AKT-driven proliferation, anti-apoptotic and metabolic reprogramming (HB-EGF→ERK→c-Myc-driven glycolysis, ERK→Bim suppression) and cisplatin resistance, and its expression is controlled by CpG and histone methylation, vHNF1 repression, hypoxia-driven HIF binding, TNF-α/NF-κB induction, and JOSD1-mediated protein stabilization (PMID:12686563, PMID:24596063, PMID:26378042, PMID:17310998, PMID:19487294, PMID:21266348, PMID:42140034). Haploinsufficiency of SULF1 is implicated in mesomelia-synostoses syndrome, a skeletal dysplasia (PMID:20602915).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 23 steps
  1. 2003 High

    Established the founding biochemical activity—that SULF1 is a cell-surface HS 6-O-endosulfatase whose desulfation activity directly dampens growth-factor-driven RTK signaling—answering what this enzyme does to HSPGs and downstream pathways.

    Evidence Re-expression of HSulf-1 in ovarian cancer lines with sulfation, RTK phosphorylation, and ERK readouts

    PMID:12686563

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve the precise disaccharide substrate
    • Catch-bond/processivity mechanism unknown at this stage
  2. 2004 High

    Extended the desulfation-attenuates-signaling logic to the HGF/c-Met axis, showing SULF1 suppresses tumor cell motility and invasion, broadening the set of regulated growth-factor pathways.

    Evidence Stable HSulf-1 transfection in SCCHN cells with RTK phosphorylation, invasion, and proliferation assays

    PMID:14973553

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance not tested here
    • Direct effect on HGF-HS binding not measured
  3. 2005 Medium

    Demonstrated SULF1 acts as a tumor suppressor in vivo and that its sulfatase activity is spatially restricted to the local cell surface, addressing where the enzyme operates.

    Evidence Myeloma cDNA transfection with SCID xenografts and ECM histology

    PMID:16192265

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Mechanism of ECM deposition not defined
  4. 2006 High

    Showed SULF1 controls angiogenesis by blocking assembly of the FGF-2/FGFR1c/HS ternary complex, with HS-independent VEGF121 as a negative control establishing sulfation-dependence.

    Evidence Breast xenografts, Matrigel plug, HUVEC knockdown, and Co-IP of the ternary complex

    PMID:16778174

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve which HSPG core proteins are key in endothelium
  5. 2007 High

    Defined the in vivo developmental role and substrate-bidirectionality—SULF1/2 are the major HS 6-O-desulfators and can enhance (rather than only attenuate) signaling by releasing GDNF from HS to drive esophageal innervation.

    Evidence Sulf1/Sulf2 double-knockout mice with HS desulfation assays, GDNF binding, neurite sprouting, and organ function tests

    PMID:17720696

    Open questions at the time
    • Individual contributions of Sulf1 vs Sulf2 not separated
    • Mechanism of GDNF release vs FGF attenuation contrast not fully reconciled
  6. 2007 Medium

    Identified epigenetic silencing (CpG and histone H3 methylation) as a mechanism of SULF1 loss in cancer, explaining how its tumor-suppressor function is inactivated.

    Evidence Bisulfite sequencing, ChIP for H3 methylation, and 5-aza-dC restoration in ovarian cancer

    PMID:17310998

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream trigger of methylation unknown
    • Single lab
  7. 2007 Medium

    Linked SULF1 to autocrine EGFR signaling and cell-cycle control via amphiregulin/HB-EGF and cyclin D1, and established that N-linked glycosylation is essential for enzymatic activity, secretion, and HS binding.

    Evidence shRNA, neutralizing antibodies, ERK/cyclin D1 readouts; glycosylation/N-glycanase studies on quail Sulf1 ortholog

    PMID:17363371 PMID:17855356

    Open questions at the time
    • Glycosylation site mapping incomplete
    • EGFR-ligand studies in single lab
  8. 2009 High

    Mapped the unique hydrophilic domain as the high-affinity, 6-O-sulfate-dependent HS-interaction module required for activity, and showed substrate turnover facilitates enzyme release—an early model for processivity.

    Evidence HD deletion mutants, GST-HD fusions, SPR, and FGF-2 signaling assays

    PMID:19666466

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-molecule kinetics not yet measured
    • Structure of HD-HS interface unresolved
  9. 2009 High

    Defined the precise substrate (N,6-O,2-O-trisulfated disaccharides) and a pharmacological inhibitor (PI-88), and identified vHNF1 repression and promoter hypermethylation as transcriptional/epigenetic regulators of SULF1.

    Evidence Flow cytometry with RB4CD12 antibody, disaccharide analysis, PI-88 inhibition; ChIP/reporter for vHNF1; bisulfite sequencing in breast/gastric cancer

    PMID:19006069 PMID:19487294 PMID:19822709

    Open questions at the time
    • Catalytic mechanism on intact chains not structurally resolved
    • Regulator hierarchy across tissues unknown
  10. 2010 Medium

    Connected SULF1 to human Mendelian disease, implicating haploinsufficiency in mesomelia-synostoses syndrome and identifying skeletal/cartilage tissues as high-expression sites.

    Evidence Array CGH and breakpoint sequencing in MSS patients with qRT-PCR tissue profiling

    PMID:20602915

    Open questions at the time
    • Causation by deletion alone not proven (contiguous genes possible)
    • Skeletal HS-substrate mechanism not defined
  11. 2011 High

    Showed hypoxia represses SULF1 via HIF-1α/HIF-2α binding to promoter HREs, releasing FGF2/FGFR2 signaling and invasion, and that SULF1 downregulates VEGFR-2 phosphorylation to inhibit angiogenesis—integrating SULF1 into the tumor microenvironment.

    Evidence ChIP with HIF antibodies, HIF-1α shRNA rescue, FGFR2 depletion; gain/loss-of-function with p-VEGFR-2 and microvessel density

    PMID:21266348 PMID:21853101

    Open questions at the time
    • VEGFR-2 study single lab
    • Crosstalk between hypoxia repression and other regulators not integrated
  12. 2012 High

    Quantified Sulf1's distinct, organ-specific in vivo impact on HS sulfation (greater than Sulf2 despite lower mRNA) with specificity for HS over chondroitin sulfate, and showed SULF1 selectively blocks cell-surface HS-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

    Evidence Disaccharide analysis across 8 organs in Sulf1/Sulf2 KO mice; TCF/LEF reporter, Wnt3a rescue, and β-catenin shRNA in gastric cancer lines

    PMID:21722266 PMID:22298771

    Open questions at the time
    • Wnt study limited to two cell lines, single lab
    • Basis for Sulf1>Sulf2 potency not explained
  13. 2013 Medium

    Resolved the biophysical basis of HD-HS engagement—two binding sites and a single-molecule off-rate ~500-fold higher than SPR, supporting processive action—and showed conserved Wnt/Wingless control across orthologs plus BMP/FGF roles in somitogenesis.

    Evidence AFM force spectroscopy and HD subdomain mapping; Drosophila Wg stability assays with human SULF1 cross-rescue; zebrafish morpholino with BMP/FGF epistasis

    PMID:23300081 PMID:23583585 PMID:23891937

    Open questions at the time
    • Wg-degradation mechanism not molecularly resolved
    • Zebrafish/Drosophila ortholog findings need vertebrate confirmation
  14. 2014 Medium

    Established SULF1 as a morphogen-gradient shaper (restricting Shh diffusion, regulating VEGFA165 arterial specification) and detailed a tumor-suppressor mechanism in which SULF1 loss elevates p-ERK to suppress proapoptotic Bim.

    Evidence GFP-Shh imaging in Xenopus, sulf1 morphant rescue in zebrafish; ERK/PI3K inhibitor epistasis and Bim rescue with xenografts

    PMID:23959107 PMID:24596063 PMID:24768893

    Open questions at the time
    • Morphogen studies in non-mammalian models
    • Bim/ERK link from single lab
  15. 2015 Medium

    Defined the molecular catch-bond mechanism (force-prolonged lifetime on 6-O-sulfated HS, slip-bond when desulfated; ΔE≈9 kBT, Δx≈3.2 nm) and broadened SULF1 functions to metabolic reprogramming, neuronal HS biology, and ligand-specific Wnt control.

    Evidence AFM force-clamp/dynamic spectroscopy with two-state model; isotope-tracer metabolomics in ovarian cancer; Sulf1-KO cerebellar granule cell assays; tagged-Wnt Xenopus explants

    PMID:25681501 PMID:25863062 PMID:26378042 PMID:26448642

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of catch bond not crystallographically defined
    • Tissue-specific signaling outcomes from single labs
  16. 2016 Medium

    Identified TNF-α/NF-κB/MAPK as an inflammatory inducer of secreted, catalytically active SULF1 that dampens FGF-1 signaling, integrating SULF1 into inflammatory regulation.

    Evidence TNF-α treatment of MRC-5 fibroblasts with pathway inhibitors, HS disaccharide analysis, and siRNA rescue

    PMID:27693418

    Open questions at the time
    • Single cell type
    • In vivo inflammatory relevance not tested
  17. 2017 High

    Demonstrated SULF1/2 are required for corticospinal axon guidance by limiting Slit2 accumulation, with unbiased proteomics identifying Slit2 as the mediator and in utero rescue confirming causation.

    Evidence Sulf1/Sulf2 DKO mice, in utero electroporation rescue, proteomics, and CST tract tracing

    PMID:29062064

    Open questions at the time
    • Sulf1 vs Sulf2 individual contributions not separated
    • Direct Slit2-HS biochemistry not shown
  18. 2019 Medium

    Confirmed via unbiased genome-scale screening that SULF1 loss contributes to cisplatin resistance, corroborating earlier mechanistic links.

    Evidence GeCKO CRISPR knockout screen in ovarian cancer with CCK-8 and RT-PCR validation

    PMID:31218106

    Open questions at the time
    • Resistance mechanism downstream of SULF1 loss not dissected here
  19. 2020 Medium

    Showed stromal (fibroblast-derived) SULF1 acts non-cell-autonomously to suppress Wnt3A-driven prostate cancer growth in a perlecan-containing 3D model, with macrophage regulation of SULF1/HSPG2 levels.

    Evidence CRISPR-KO fibroblasts in a 3D hydrogel triculture with tumoroid growth and tissue validation

    PMID:32413029

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Molecular basis of macrophage induction not defined
  20. 2024 Medium

    Identified a TGFBR3 (betaglycan)-dependent activity in which SULF1 releases bound TGF-β1 to activate SMAD signaling, creating a TGF-β1/SMAD positive-feedback loop driving cancer metastasis, cisplatin resistance, and pulmonary fibrosis.

    Evidence Co-IP of SULF1-TGFBR3, CRISPR/shRNA knockdown, SMAD readouts, xenografts (gastric cancer); Co-IP, shRNA, and IPF transcriptomics (lung fibrosis)

    PMID:38438372 PMID:39354547

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TGF-β1 release is sulfatase-dependent or binding-dependent not fully resolved
    • Co-IP without structural mapping of SULF1-TGFBR3 interface
  21. 2025 High

    Reconstituted the SULF1 activation mechanism in vitro—SUMF1-mediated cysteine-to-formylglycine conversion plus a required Ca2+ ion—and characterized a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate as a mixed-mode inhibitor.

    Evidence Recombinant SULF1/SUMF1 co-expression, Ni-affinity purification, FGly conversion verification, and inhibition kinetics

    PMID:41025518

    Open questions at the time
    • No crystal/cryo-EM structure of activated enzyme
    • Inhibitor selectivity over SULF2 not established
  22. 2026 Medium

    Established SULF1 as a regulated protein target—JOSD1 deubiquitinase stabilizes SULF1, which then binds FZD1 to promote Wnt7B/FZD1 complex and β-catenin signaling—and confirmed non-redundant stromal SULF1 requirement for HNSCC invasion.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination and rescue assays, β-catenin translocation, xenografts (gastric cancer); CRISPR-KO in primary CAFs with 3D coculture and proteomics (HNSCC)

    PMID:41549062 PMID:42140034

    Open questions at the time
    • FZD1-promoting Wnt activity contrasts with prior Wnt-inhibitory findings; context dependence unresolved
    • Single labs
  23. 2026 Medium

    Revealed a cell-type-specific neuronal role: Sulf1 shapes intrinsic and synaptic properties of D1- and D2-MSNs in the nucleus accumbens and is required for reward and aversion learning.

    Evidence Conditional Sulf1 KO with Drd1-/Drd2-Cre, whole-cell patch-clamp, and behavioral assays

    PMID:41381361 PMID:41486756

    Open questions at the time
    • HS-substrate or growth-factor pathway underlying MSN phenotype not identified
    • Same group, convergent but not independently replicated

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How SULF1's bidirectional context-dependent effects on Wnt signaling (inhibitory cell-surface block versus FZD1-promoting complex formation) are reconciled, and the atomic structure of the activated HD-HS catch-bond interface, remain unresolved.
  • No high-resolution structure of SULF1 or the HD-HS complex
  • Determinants of attenuating vs enhancing signaling outcomes not defined
  • Mechanistic basis for Sulf1/Sulf2 non-redundancy unresolved

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 4 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 4 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 3 GO:0140098 catalytic activity, acting on RNA 3
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 2 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2 GO:0031012 extracellular matrix 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 5 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 5 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 5 R-HSA-1474244 Extracellular matrix organization 2
Partners
FGFR1FGFR2FZD1JOSD1SUMF1TGFBR3

Evidence

Reading pass · 38 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2003 HSulf-1 is a cell surface-associated heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase that selectively removes 6-O-sulfate groups from cell surface HSPGs, thereby diminishing receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylation (including FGFR and EGFR family members) and downstream ERK signaling stimulated by heparin-binding growth factors FGF-2 and HB-EGF. Re-expression of HSulf-1 in ovarian cancer cell lines; measurement of HSPG sulfation, RTK phosphorylation, and ERK pathway activation The Journal of biological chemistry High 12686563
2004 HSulf-1 re-expression attenuates HGF-mediated phosphorylation of c-Met, and downstream ERK/MAPK and AKT signaling, and reduces HGF-driven cell motility and invasion in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. Stable transfection of HSulf-1 in SCCHN lines; RTK phosphorylation assays, transwell invasion/migration assay, thymidine incorporation Oncogene High 14973553
2005 HSulf-1 and HSulf-2 suppress myeloma tumor growth in vivo, and their extracellular sulfatase activity is restricted to the local tumor cell surface; Sulfs also promote extracellular matrix deposition within tumors. Transfection of myeloma cells with HSulf-1 or HSulf-2 cDNA; SCID mouse xenograft model; histological analysis of ECM The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 16192265
2006 HSulf-1 expression inhibits angiogenesis by impairing formation of a FGF-2/FGFR1c/heparan sulfate ternary complex on vascular endothelial cells; HSulf-1 knockdown in HUVEC cells enhances FGF-2, HGF, and VEGF165 (but not heparan sulfate-independent VEGF121) proliferative signaling through ERK. Breast carcinoma xenografts with stable HSulf-1 clones; CD31 staining; Matrigel plug assay; shRNA knockdown in HUVEC; co-immunoprecipitation of FGF-2/FGFR1c/HS complex; ERK phosphorylation Cancer research High 16778174
2006 SULF1 increases histone H4 acetylation in HCC cells by modulating cellular HDAC and histone acetyltransferase activities, and potentiates apoptosis induced by HDAC inhibitors; SULF1 knockdown upregulates phospho-AKT and phospho-ERK. Forced SULF1 expression in Huh7 and Hep3B; HDAC/HAT activity assays; shRNA knockdown; nude mouse xenografts; Western blot for p-AKT, p-ERK Gastroenterology Medium 16762634
2007 SULF1 and SULF2 are the major regulators of heparan sulfate 6-O-desulfation in vivo; they reduce GDNF binding to heparan sulfate and thereby enhance GDNF signaling and neurite sprouting required for esophageal innervation. Sulf1/Sulf2 double-knockout mice exhibit esophageal contractile malfunction due to loss of GDNF-dependent neural innervation. Sulf1/Sulf2 genetic mouse knockouts; biochemical HS desulfation assays; GDNF binding assay; neurite sprouting assay; esophageal function tests Development (Cambridge, England) High 17720696
2007 HSulf-1 expression is epigenetically silenced in ovarian cancer through CpG methylation of exon 1A and increased histone H3 methylation at the HSulf-1 locus; treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restores HSulf-1 transcription. Bisulfite sequencing of CpG sites; chromatin immunoprecipitation (H3 methylation); 5-aza-dC treatment; siRNA knockdown functional assays Oncogene Medium 17310998
2007 HSulf-1 inhibits autocrine EGFR-ERK pathway activation driven by the heparin-binding EGF family members amphiregulin and HB-EGF in breast cancer cells; this is associated with reduced cyclin D1 levels and altered cell cycle distribution. shRNA knockdown of HSulf-1 in stable clonal lines; neutralizing antibodies against amphiregulin and HB-EGF; ERK phosphorylation; cyclin D1 Western blot; cell cycle analysis The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 17363371
2007 Asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation of Sulf1 is essential for its enzymatic activity, membrane targeting, secretion, and heparin/HS binding; N-glycanase cleavage of N-linked glycans abolishes 6-O-desulfation activity. Domain mapping with deletion mutants; glycosylation inhibitor studies; N-glycanase cleavage; heparin binding and enzymatic activity assays on quail Sulf1 (ortholog) The Journal of biological chemistry High 17855356
2009 The unique hydrophilic domain (HD, ~320 aa) of Sulf1 is required for enzymatic activity and acts as a high-affinity heparin/heparan sulfate interaction domain; surface plasmon resonance indicates nanomolar affinity; HD binding to HS depends on presence of 6-O-sulfate substrate groups, suggesting substrate turnover facilitates enzyme release; deletion of the inner HD region increases Sulf1 secretion without affecting activity. HD deletion mutants; GST-HD fusion proteins; surface plasmon resonance; heparinase sensitivity; cell surface binding assays; FGF-2 signaling assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 19666466
2009 HSulf-1 and HSulf-2 selectively remove 6-O-sulfate groups from N,6-O,2-O-trisulfated disaccharides of intact heparan sulfate on the cell surface and extracellular matrix, as detected by flow cytometry with anti-HS antibody RB4CD12; both Sulf activities are potently inhibited by PI-88, a sulfated heparin mimetic. Flow cytometry with anti-HS antibody; disaccharide compositional analysis; ELISA with recombinant HSulfs; conditioned medium activity on microvessels; PI-88 inhibition assay Glycobiology High 19822709
2009 vHNF1 (variant hepatic nuclear factor 1, encoded by TCF2/HNF1β) directly represses HSulf-1 transcription by binding to two vHNF1-responsive elements in the HSulf-1 promoter; shRNA knockdown of vHNF1 increases HSulf-1 expression and sensitizes cells to cisplatin/paclitaxel. Chromatin immunoprecipitation; reporter assay; shRNA knockdown of vHNF1; Western blot; xenograft experiments Cancer research Medium 19487294
2009 Promoter hypermethylation of the HSulf-1 5' regulatory region (approximately 400 bp with high basal promoter activity) correlates with HSulf-1 silencing in breast and gastric cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Luciferase reporter to characterize promoter; bisulfite sequencing; correlation with mRNA expression; cell-free DNA methylation in patient serum International journal of cancer Medium 19006069
2010 Haploinsufficiency of SULF1 (due to interstitial deletion at 8q13) is strongly implicated in mesomelia-synostoses syndrome, a skeletal dysplasia with mesomelic limb shortening and acral synostoses; SULF1 shows highest transcript levels in human osteoblasts and cartilage. Whole-genome array CGH in MSS patients; breakpoint sequencing; quantitative RT-PCR of SULF1 in human tissues American journal of human genetics Medium 20602915
2011 HSulf-1 transcription is downregulated by hypoxia through HIF-1α and HIF-2α recruitment to two functional hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs) on the HSulf-1 promoter; HSulf-1 depletion under hypoxia enhances FGF2 signaling through FGFR2 and promotes cell migration and invasion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation with HIF-1α and HIF-2α antibodies; HIF-1α shRNA rescue experiments; shRNA depletion of HSulf-1 and FGFR2; migration/invasion assays under hypoxia Cancer research High 21266348
2011 hSulf-1 re-expression downregulates VEGFR-2 phosphorylation and inhibits angiogenesis in ovarian and hepatocellular cancer cells and xenografts; hSulf-1 knockdown enhances VEGFR-2 phosphorylation. hSulf-1 expression vectors and shRNA; Western blot for p-VEGFR-2; nude mouse xenografts; tumor microvessel density (CD31 staining) PloS one Medium 21853101
2012 Sulf1 and Sulf2 have distinct organ-specific effects on heparan sulfate sulfation in vivo: Sulf1 knockout mice show predominant increases in ΔUA2S-GlcNS6S (trisulfated) disaccharides, with Sulf1 having greater overall impact on HS desulfation than Sulf2 despite lower mRNA levels; Sulfs do not alter chondroitin sulfate composition. Disaccharide analysis of HS from multiple organs of Sulf1 and Sulf2 knockout mice; correlation of mRNA expression with HS changes The Journal of biological chemistry High 22298771
2012 SULF1 inhibits heparan sulfate-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling at the cell surface in gastric cancer cells that depend on extracellular Wnt signaling (MKN28), but has no effect in cells with constitutively active intracellular Wnt/β-catenin (AGS); Wnt3a rescue and β-catenin shRNA confirm pathway dependence; HSulf-1 alters HS structure on cell surface. HSulf-1 stable transfection; TCF/LEF reporter assay; Western blot for β-catenin target genes; Wnt3a cDNA rescue; β-catenin shRNA; HSPG epitope analysis Cancer science Medium 21722266
2013 The hydrophilic domain (HD) of Sulf1 mediates specific HS binding through at least two separate binding sites (inner and C-terminal regions of HD); substrate turnover autoregulates Sulf1/HS association (Sulf1 binds 6-O-desulfated HS significantly weaker); dynamic single-molecule force spectroscopy reveals HD off-rate ~500-fold higher than SPR-determined value, consistent with processive action along HS chains. Affinity chromatography; AFM single-molecule force spectroscopy; immunofluorescence on living cells; HD subdomain deletion constructs Biochimica et biophysica acta High 23891937
2013 Drosophila Sulf1 (ortholog) reduces extracellular Wnt/Wingless protein levels by facilitating Wg degradation; it inhibits Wg binding to the HSPG Dally; human Sulf1 expressed in Drosophila wing disc similarly lowers extracellular Wg levels, demonstrating conserved intrinsic activity. In vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo Wg stability assays in Drosophila; HS-Wg binding assay; human SULF1 expression in Drosophila disc The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 23300081
2013 Sulf1 knockdown in zebrafish results in decreased BMP signaling, reduced Pax7-expressing dermomyotome cells, loss of sdf1/cxcl12 expression, and impaired somite morphogenesis/myoseptum formation; pharmacological BMP inhibition rescues Pax7 expression, myoseptum, and pigmentation; FGF pathway activation rescues neuromast spacing. Antisense morpholino knockdown in zebrafish; pharmacological BMP and FGF pathway inhibitors/activators; in situ hybridization; immunofluorescence Developmental biology Medium 23583585
2014 Sulf1 restricts Shh ligand diffusion and shapes the Shh morphogen gradient in the ventral neural tube of Xenopus; Sulf1 knockdown results in a less steep Shh gradient and altered ventral neural progenitor specification. Single-cell injection of GFP-tagged Shh mRNA in Xenopus embryos; Sulf1 morpholino knockdown; endogenous Shh distribution analysis; neural progenitor marker analysis Developmental biology Medium 24768893
2014 Sulf1 in zebrafish regulates VegfA165-mediated arterial specification; sulf1 morphants lack arterial identity (reduced notch, ephrinB2) with increased venous marker flt4 in dorsal aorta; co-injection of vegfa165 mRNA rescues circulatory defects; in vitro, lack of SULF1 downregulates VEGFA-mediated arterial marker expression. Antisense morpholino knockdown in zebrafish; mRNA rescue injection; in situ hybridization for arterial/venous markers; in vitro VEGFA signaling assays Angiogenesis Medium 23959107
2014 Loss of HSulf-1 in ovarian cancer promotes tumorigenicity by decreasing proapoptotic Bim protein expression; decreased Bim is mediated by increased p-ERK signaling (rescued by ERK inhibitor PD98059); PI3K/AKT inhibition has no effect on Bim levels; rescue of Bim in HSulf-1 knockdown cells retards tumor growth in vivo. shRNA stable knockdown; Western blot for Bim; ERK inhibitor (PD98059) and PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) treatment; rescue Bim expression; soft agar colony assay; nude mouse xenografts International journal of cancer Medium 24596063
2015 The hydrophilic domain (HD) of Sulf1 exhibits catch bond behavior with its glycosaminoglycan (HS) substrate: bond lifetime increases under force for 6-O-sulfated HS but shows only slip bond interaction when 6-O-sulfation is absent; two coupled slip-bond states underlie the catch bond, with energy difference ΔE ≈ 9 kBT and compliance length Δx ≈ 3.2 nm. AFM-based force clamp spectroscopy and dynamic force spectroscopy; two-state two-path theoretical model fitting; comparison of 6-O-sulfated vs. desulfated GAG substrates Biophysical journal High 25863062
2015 Sulf1 has ligand-specific effects on Wnt signaling in Xenopus: Sulf1 overexpression inhibits canonical Wnt8a signaling while enhancing non-canonical Wnt11b signaling; Sulf1 differentially affects membrane accumulation and extracellular levels of Wnt8a and Wnt11b tagged ligands. Xenopus assays; fluorescently tagged Wnt ligands in ectodermal explants; canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathway reporters; mRNA overexpression Journal of cell science Medium 25681501
2015 Sulf1 deficiency in cerebellar granule cells leads to reduced neurite length, reduced cell survival, and reduced migration capacity; impairments correlate with Sulf-specific alterations in FGF2, GDNF, and NGF signaling, but not Shh signaling; biochemical analysis reveals Sulf1-specific changes in 6-O-, 2-O- and N-sulfation of cerebellar HS in vivo. Primary cerebellar granule cells from Sulf1 KO mice; neurite length measurement; cell survival assays; migration assays; signaling pathway analysis; HS biochemical disaccharide analysis; HS epitope immunostaining PloS one Medium 26448642
2015 HSulf-1 loss promotes aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) in ovarian cancer by upregulating glycolytic genes (Glut1, HKII, LDHA) and metabolites; this occurs mechanistically through HB-EGF-mediated p-ERK activation driving c-Myc induction; increased inhibitory PDH phosphorylation blocks glucose flux into TCA cycle; HSulf-1 overexpression reverses the glycolytic phenotype. shRNA knockdown and overexpression; isotope tracer metabolomics (glucose flux into TCA); metabolomic profiling; Western blot for glycolytic enzymes; pharmacological inhibition of c-Myc; oxygen consumption rate measurement Oncotarget Medium 26378042
2016 TNF-α induces Sulf-1 expression in fibroblasts via NF-κB, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK pathways; TNF-α-induced Sulf-1 is secreted as an active enzyme that causes 6-O-desulfation of HS and reduces ERK1/2 activation and proliferation in response to FGF-1; Sulf-1 siRNA rescues FGF-1-induced responses in TNF-α-treated cells. TNF-α treatment of MRC-5 fibroblasts; pathway inhibitors for NF-κB/ERK1/2/p38; HS disaccharide compositional analysis; siRNA knockdown of Sulf-1; ERK phosphorylation and proliferation assays The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology Medium 27693418
2017 Sulf1 and Sulf2 are required for corticospinal tract (CST) axon guidance: in DKO mice, increased 6-O-sulfated HS causes abnormal accumulation of Slit2 protein on brain surfaces, which repels CST axons dorsally; in utero electroporation of Sulf1/2 into radial glia rescues the CST defect; proteomic analysis identified Slit2 as the key molecule. Sulf1/Sulf2 double-KO mice; in utero electroporation rescue; immunofluorescence for Slit2; proteomics; CST tract tracing Scientific reports High 29062064
2019 SULF1 loss was identified as contributing to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells by genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screening; CCK-8 and RT-PCR validation confirmed SULF1 involvement in cisplatin sensitivity. Genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 knockout (GeCKO) library screen; CCK-8 viability assay; RT-PCR validation American journal of cancer research Medium 31218106
2020 SULF1 produced by bone marrow fibroblasts suppresses Wnt3A-driven growth of prostate cancer cells in a 3D biomimetic triculture model incorporating perlecan (HSPG2); M2-like macrophages increase SULF1 and HSPG2 levels produced by fibroblasts. SULF1 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout fibroblasts; 3D hydrogel triculture model with perlecan, PCa cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts; PCa tumoroid growth assay; primary tissue validation PloS one Medium 32413029
2024 SULF1 catalyzes the release of TGF-β1 from TGFBR3 (betaglycan) on the surface of gastric cancer cells; cancer-associated fibroblast-secreted SULF1 binds TGFBR3 and thereby activates TGF-β1/SMAD signaling, promoting metastasis and cisplatin resistance; TGF-β1 in turn induces SULF1 expression through the TGF-β1/SMAD pathway, forming a positive feedback loop. Co-immunoprecipitation of SULF1 with TGFBR3; CRISPR/Cas9 and siRNA knockdown; Western blot for SMAD signaling; migration/invasion assays; xenograft models; TGFβ pathway inhibitors Cell death discovery Medium 38438372
2024 SULF1 promotes pulmonary fibrosis through the TGF-β1/SMAD pathway; TGF-β1 induces SULF1 expression in fibroblasts; SULF1 knockdown suppresses fibroblast activation, proliferation, migration, and invasion under TGF-β1-driven and non-TGF-β1 conditions; SULF1 catalyzes release of TGF-β1 bound to TGFβRIII (TGFBR3), activating SMAD signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation; lentiviral shRNA knockdown; Western blot; ELISA; functional fibroblast assays; transcriptome sequencing of IPF patient samples Journal of translational medicine Medium 39354547
2025 SULF1 enzymatic activity requires co-expression of sulfatase-modifying factor 1 (SUMF1) which converts the active-site cysteine to Cα-formylglycine (FGly); SULF1 activity also requires a Ca²⁺ ion; a marine fucosylated chondroitin sulfate inhibits SULF1 with IC50 ~0.05–0.07 μg/mL through mixed-mode inhibition. Recombinant SULF1 expression in HEK293F/T; co-expression with SUMF1; Ni²⁺-affinity purification; enzymatic activity assays; kinetic inhibition analysis; active site cysteine-to-FGly conversion verification Glycobiology High 41025518
2026 CAF-derived SULF1 is required for cancer cell invasion in HNSCC: CRISPR/Cas9-knockout of SULF1 in primary CAFs reduces fibroblast proliferation and markedly impairs Cal33 cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and in 3D spheroid cocultures; SULF2 from tumor cells does not compensate for SULF1 loss. CRISPR/Cas9 SULF1 knockout in primary CAFs; transwell migration/invasion assays; two-photon microscopy in 3D spheroid cocultures; proteomics confirming SULF1 absence and no SULF2 compensation Cancer medicine Medium 41549062
2026 JOSD1 deubiquitinase stabilizes SULF1 protein; stabilized SULF1 directly binds Frizzled-1 (FZD1) and facilitates Wnt7B-FZD1 complex formation, activating canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inducing β-catenin nuclear accumulation in gastric cancer; JOSD1 oncogenic effects are strictly dependent on SULF1 stabilization. Co-immunoprecipitation; ubiquitination assays; rescue experiments; Western blot; β-catenin nuclear translocation assay; xenograft models Translational oncology Medium 42140034
2026 Sulf1 knockout in the nucleus accumbens D1- or D2-receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons causes cell-type-specific electrophysiological defects: D2-MSNs show reduced rheobase with blunted firing at larger currents; D1-MSNs show more depolarized resting potential and increased AMPA/NMDA ratio; Sulf1 KO impairs reward learning (via D1 pathway) and aversion learning (via D2 pathway) in mice. Conditional Sulf1 KO using Drd1-Cre and Drd2-Cre; whole-cell patch-clamp recording; behavioral tests (CPP, inhibitory avoidance); CRISPR-Cas9 floxed mouse generation Journal of neurochemistry / eNeuro Medium 41381361 41486756

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2003 Loss of HSulf-1 up-regulates heparin-binding growth factor signaling in cancer. The Journal of biological chemistry 204 12686563
2013 MicroRNA-21 suppresses PTEN and hSulf-1 expression and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through AKT/ERK pathways. Cancer letters 159 23684551
2007 SULF1 and SULF2 regulate heparan sulfate-mediated GDNF signaling for esophageal innervation. Development (Cambridge, England) 144 17720696
2006 HSulf-1 inhibits angiogenesis and tumorigenesis in vivo. Cancer research 122 16778174
2005 HSulf-1 and HSulf-2 are potent inhibitors of myeloma tumor growth in vivo. The Journal of biological chemistry 117 16192265
2004 HSulf-1 modulates HGF-mediated tumor cell invasion and signaling in head and neck squamous carcinoma. Oncogene 117 14973553
2007 Secreted sulfatases Sulf1 and Sulf2 have overlapping yet essential roles in mouse neonatal survival. PloS one 101 17593974
2007 Epigenetic silencing of HSulf-1 in ovarian cancer:implications in chemoresistance. Oncogene 94 17310998
2009 The tumor suppressor function of human sulfatase 1 (SULF1) in carcinogenesis. Journal of gastrointestinal cancer 81 19373441
2005 Enhanced levels of Hsulf-1 interfere with heparin-binding growth factor signaling in pancreatic cancer. Molecular cancer 78 15817123
2008 Redundant function of the heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatases Sulf1 and Sulf2 during skeletal development. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 77 18213582
2009 Direct detection of HSulf-1 and HSulf-2 activities on extracellular heparan sulfate and their inhibition by PI-88. Glycobiology 75 19822709
2012 Organ-specific sulfation patterns of heparan sulfate generated by extracellular sulfatases Sulf1 and Sulf2 in mice. The Journal of biological chemistry 72 22298771
2009 Characterization of the human sulfatase Sulf1 and its high affinity heparin/heparan sulfate interaction domain. The Journal of biological chemistry 65 19666466
2007 Loss of HSulf-1 expression enhances autocrine signaling mediated by amphiregulin in breast cancer. The Journal of biological chemistry 64 17363371
2006 SULF1 inhibits tumor growth and potentiates the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 63 16762634
2011 Identification of MST1/STK4 and SULF1 proteins as autoantibody targets for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer by using phage microarrays. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 59 21228115
2008 Expression of novel extracellular sulfatases Sulf-1 and Sulf-2 in normal and osteoarthritic articular cartilage. Arthritis research & therapy 55 18507859
2011 HSulf-1 modulates FGF2- and hypoxia-mediated migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Cancer research 50 21266348
2009 Promoter hypermethylation correlates with the Hsulf-1 silencing in human breast and gastric cancer. International journal of cancer 43 19006069
2010 Mesomelia-synostoses syndrome results from deletion of SULF1 and SLCO5A1 genes at 8q13. American journal of human genetics 42 20602915
2015 Sulf1 and Sulf2 Differentially Modulate Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Sulfation during Postnatal Cerebellum Development: Evidence for Neuroprotective and Neurite Outgrowth Promoting Functions. PloS one 41 26448642
2009 Regulation of HSulf-1 expression by variant hepatic nuclear factor 1 in ovarian cancer. Cancer research 39 19487294
2019 Loss of ZNF587B and SULF1 contributed to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cell lines based on Genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 screening. American journal of cancer research 37 31218106
2009 A novel SULF1 splice variant inhibits Wnt signalling but enhances angiogenesis by opposing SULF1 activity. Experimental cell research 33 19577565
2012 HSULF-1 inhibits ERK and AKT signaling and decreases cell viability in vitro in human lung epithelial cells. Respiratory research 30 22873647
2006 Hsulf-1 regulates growth and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Journal of clinical pathology 30 16603650
2014 Loss of HSulf-1 promotes altered lipid metabolism in ovarian cancer. Cancer & metabolism 29 25225614
2007 Quail Sulf1 function requires asparagine-linked glycosylation. The Journal of biological chemistry 28 17855356
2020 LncRNA NEAT1 regulated cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis by targeting has-miR-376b-3p/SULF1 axis in non-small cell lung cancer. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 26 32432744
2015 HSulf-1 deficiency dictates a metabolic reprograming of glycolysis and TCA cycle in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 26 26378042
2011 HSulf-1 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in human gastric cancer. Cancer science 26 21722266
2006 Sulf1 expression pattern and its role in cartilage and joint development. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 26 17061267
2013 Drosophila heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase Sulf1 facilitates wingless (Wg) protein degradation. The Journal of biological chemistry 24 23300081
2011 hSulf-1 gene exhibits anticancer efficacy through negatively regulating VEGFR-2 signaling in human cancers. PloS one 24 21853101
2016 Heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatases, Sulf1 and Sulf2, regulate glomerular integrity by modulating growth factor signaling. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 23 26764203
2015 Sulf1 has ligand-dependent effects on canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling. Journal of cell science 23 25681501
2020 SULF1 suppresses Wnt3A-driven growth of bone metastatic prostate cancer in perlecan-modified 3D cancer-stroma-macrophage triculture models. PloS one 22 32413029
2016 Drosophila Sulf1 is required for the termination of intestinal stem cell division during regeneration. Journal of cell science 22 27888216
2014 Sulf1 influences the Shh morphogen gradient during the dorsal ventral patterning of the neural tube in Xenopus tropicalis. Developmental biology 22 24768893
2013 Sulf1 modulates BMP signaling and is required for somite morphogenesis and development of the horizontal myoseptum. Developmental biology 22 23583585
2012 Mammalian Sulf1 RNA alternative splicing and its significance to tumour growth regulation. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 22 22700218
2024 Cancer associated fibroblasts-derived SULF1 promotes gastric cancer metastasis and CDDP resistance through the TGFBR3-mediated TGF-β signaling pathway. Cell death discovery 21 38438372
2022 Extracellular Heparan 6-O-Endosulfatases SULF1 and SULF2 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Other Malignancies. Cancers 21 36428645
2015 Catch bond interaction between cell-surface sulfatase Sulf1 and glycosaminoglycans. Biophysical journal 21 25863062
2015 Expression of Sulf1 and Sulf2 in cartilage, bone and endochondral fracture healing. Histochemistry and cell biology 21 26464246
2012 The enhanced antitumor effects of biodegradable cationic heparin-polyethyleneimine nanogels delivering HSulf-1 gene combined with cisplatin on ovarian cancer. International journal of oncology 21 22825572
2011 Polymorphisms in the SULF1 gene are associated with early age of onset and survival of ovarian cancer. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 21 21214932
2014 SULF1/SULF2 splice variants differentially regulate pancreatic tumour growth progression. Experimental cell research 18 24726914
2014 Sulf1 and Sulf2 expression in the nervous system and its role in limiting neurite outgrowth in vitro. Experimental neurology 18 25448158
2024 CircNSD1 promotes cardiac fibrosis through targeting the miR-429-3p/SULF1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 17 38760544
2017 Desulfation of Heparan Sulfate by Sulf1 and Sulf2 Is Required for Corticospinal Tract Formation. Scientific reports 17 29062064
2016 SULF1/SULF2 reactivation during liver damage and tumour growth. Histochemistry and cell biology 16 27013228
2014 Loss of HSulf-1 expression enhances tumorigenicity by inhibiting Bim expression in ovarian cancer. International journal of cancer 16 24596063
2012 Distinct expression patterns of Sulf1 and Hs6st1 spatially regulate heparan sulfate sulfation during prostate development. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 16 23074159
2017 Loss of HSulf-1: The Missing Link between Autophagy and Lipid Droplets in Ovarian Cancer. Scientific reports 15 28169314
2014 The heparan sulfate editing enzyme Sulf1 plays a novel role in zebrafish VegfA mediated arterial venous identity. Angiogenesis 15 23959107
2014 Sulfatase 1 (hSulf-1) reverses basic fibroblast growth factor-stimulated signaling and inhibits growth of hepatocellular carcinoma in animal model. Oncotarget 15 24970807
2016 Tumour-necrosis factor-α induces heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase 1 (Sulf-1) expression in fibroblasts. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 13 27693418
2013 Cooperation of binding sites at the hydrophilic domain of cell-surface sulfatase Sulf1 allows for dynamic interaction of the enzyme with its substrate heparan sulfate. Biochimica et biophysica acta 13 23891937
2011 Efficient inhibition of an intraperitoneal xenograft model of human ovarian cancer by HSulf-1 gene delivered by biodegradable cationic heparin-polyethyleneimine nanogels. Oncology reports 13 22086394
2020 HSulf‑1 and palbociclib exert synergistic antitumor effects on RB‑positive triple‑negative breast cancer. International journal of oncology 12 32377705
2013 The association of arylendosulfatase 1 (SULF1) gene polymorphism with recurrent miscarriage. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 12 24322345
2018 Genetic variations in the SULF1 gene alter the risk of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Oncology letters 11 30127996
2016 Short SULF1/SULF2 splice variants predominate in mammary tumours with a potential to facilitate receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated cell signalling. Histochemistry and cell biology 11 27294358
2014 Expression of the heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatases, Sulf1 and Sulf2, in the avian and mammalian inner ear suggests a role for sulfation during inner ear development. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 11 25370455
2012 SULF1 inhibits proliferation and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by decreasing heparin-binding growth factor signaling. Digestive diseases and sciences 11 23053899
2011 HSulf-1 suppresses cell growth and down-regulates Hedgehog signaling in human gastric cancer cells. Oncology letters 10 22848304
2024 SULF1 expression is increased and promotes fibrosis through the TGF-β1/SMAD pathway in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Journal of translational medicine 9 39354547
2020 Abnormal Pyramidal Decussation and Bilateral Projection of the Corticospinal Tract Axons in Mice Lacking the Heparan Sulfate Endosulfatases, Sulf1 and Sulf2. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 9 32038163
2013 Endosulfatases SULF1 and SULF2 limit Chlamydia muridarum infection. Cellular microbiology 9 23480519
2024 SULF1 regulates malignant progression of colorectal cancer by modulating ARSH via FAK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Cancer cell international 8 38844922
2015 Restoration of epigenetically silenced SULF1 expression by 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Medical epigenetics 8 26236329
2020 Development of novel monoclonal antibodies and immunoassays for sensitive and specific detection of SULF1 endosulfatase. Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects 7 33276062
2016 Single-nucleotide polymorphism in microRNA-binding site of SULF1 target gene as a protective factor against the susceptibility to breast cancer: a case-control study. OncoTargets and therapy 7 27274271
2014 Association of the SNP rs2623047 in the HSPG modification enzyme SULF1 with an Australian Caucasian breast cancer cohort. Gene 7 24911625
2007 FGF mediated Sulf1 regulation. FEBS letters 7 17905233
2024 SULF1 Activates the VEGFR2/PI3K/AKT Pathway to Promote the Development of Cervical Cancer. Current cancer drug targets 6 37539927
2022 Context Dependent Sulf1/Sulf2 Functional Divergence in Endothelial Cell Activity. International journal of molecular sciences 6 35409127
2019 Sulfatases, in Particular Sulf1, Are Important for the Integrity of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier in Zebrafish. BioMed research international 5 31428635
2014 hSulf-1 inhibits cell proliferation and migration and promotes apoptosis by suppressing stat3 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology letters 5 24944651
2009 Expression analysis of Sulf1 in the chick forebrain at early and late stages of development. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 5 19653319
2018 Multi-tasking Sulf1/Sulf2 enzymes do not only facilitate extracellular cell signalling but also participate in cell cycle related nuclear events. Experimental cell research 4 29360432
2023 [Identification of SULF1 as a Shared Gene in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
and Lung Adenocarcinoma]. Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer 3 37985153
2021 Expression of Heparan Sulfate Endosulfatases in the Adult Mouse Brain: Co-expression of Sulf1 and Dopamine D1/D2 Receptors. Frontiers in neuroanatomy 3 34489650
2022 Role of Prosaposin and Extracellular Sulfatase Sulf-1 Detection in Pleural Effusions as Diagnostic Biomarkers of Malignant Mesothelioma. Biomedicines 2 36359323
2015 SULF 1 gene polymorphism, rs6990375 is in significant association with fetus failure in IVF technique. Iranian journal of reproductive medicine 2 26131010
2026 Altered Excitability and Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission in the Medium Spiny Neurons of the Nucleus Accumbens in Mice Deficient in the Heparan Sulfate Endosulfatase Sulf1. eNeuro 1 41381361
2026 Essential Roles of Heparan Sulfate Endosulfatase Sulf1 in Reward and Aversion Learning Through Distinct Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptor Pathways in Male Mice. Journal of neurochemistry 1 41486756
2026 SULF1 in Cancer Associated Fibroblasts Promotes Invasion in Head and Neck Cancer Cell Lines. Cancer medicine 1 41549062
2024 Mesomelia-synostoses syndrome: contiguous deletion syndrome, SULF1 haploinsufficiency or enhancer adoption? Molecular cytogenetics 1 38992676
2024 Genetic variants of FER and SULF1 in the fibroblast-related genes are associated with non-small-cell lung cancer survival. International journal of cancer 1 39707607
2026 SULF1 and EPB41L3: Potential Biomarkers of Acute Myocardial Infarction and the Vascular Inflammatory Milieu. Journal of inflammation research 0 41918590
2026 Secreted SULF1 protein modulates CD8 + T cell exhaustion by promoting TAM polarization in gastric cancer. Genes and immunity 0 41986482
2026 Histone H3 lysine 18 lactylation-mediated SULF1 transcription promotes atherosclerosis by regulating endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cardiovascular research 0 42126087
2026 JOSD1 stabilizes SULF1 to activate Wnt7B-FZD1 signaling in gastric cancer. Translational oncology 0 42140034
2025 Production and inhibition of human Heparan 6-O-Endosulfatase SULF1. Glycobiology 0 41025518
2025 DCN, NPM3 and SULF1 are hub genes related to vasculogenic mimicry in lung adenocarcinoma. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 0 41205056
2025 SULF1's Role in Endothelial Senescence and Atherosclerosis: Insights from Single-Cell and Bulk Transcriptomics. Journal of inflammation research 0 41426245
2025 MARCHF1-mediated SULF1 degradation blocks THBS2/TGF-β/SMAD2/3 signaling to reverse colon cancer metastasis and 5-FU resistance. iScience 0 41550717

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for SULF1? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.