| 2009 |
StarD7 specifically catalyzes the transfer of phosphatidylcholine (PC) between lipid vesicles in vitro, and overexpression of StarD7-I (the isoform containing a mitochondrial-targeting sequence) increases intracellular transport of fluorescent PC to mitochondria. StarD7-I localizes to mitochondria (associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane by protease K protection assay) while StarD7-II is constitutively cytoplasmic. |
In vitro PC transfer assay with purified recombinant protein, fluorescent PC trafficking assay in HEPA-1 cells, protease K protection assay, overexpression and subcellular fractionation |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
20042613
|
| 2018 |
The mitochondrial inner membrane rhomboid protease PARL cleaves STARD7 during mitochondrial import, partitioning it between the cytosol and the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS). Negatively charged amino acids in STARD7 serve as a sorting signal for cytosolic release after PARL cleavage, while TIM23-mediated membrane insertion promotes mitochondrial IMS retention. Mitochondrial STARD7 is necessary and sufficient for PC accumulation in the inner membrane and for maintenance of respiration and cristae morphogenesis. |
PARL knockout cells, co-immunoprecipitation, subcellular fractionation, mitochondrial import assays, site-directed mutagenesis of sorting signal, rescue experiments with STARD7 variants |
The EMBO journal |
High |
29301859
|
| 2018 |
StarD7's START domain harbors a shared binding site for both phosphatidylcholine (PC) and ceramide, as demonstrated by photoaffinity labeling with a clickable ceramide analog (pacCer) and site-directed mutagenesis. StarD7 lacks robust ceramide transfer activity in vitro, but ceramide specifically inhibits StarD7's ability to shuttle PC between model membranes. |
Photoaffinity labeling with bifunctional ceramide analog (pacCer), site-directed mutagenesis of START domain, in vitro PC transfer assay with ceramide competition |
Journal of lipid research |
High |
29343537
|
| 2016 |
StarD7 knockout (via CRISPR/Cas9n) and knockdown in HEPA-1 cells reduces mitochondrial PC content, impairs oxygen consumption rate and mitochondrial complex activities, lowers ATP levels, reduces MTCO1 (complex IV subunit) protein without affecting its mRNA, disrupts mitochondrial supercomplex formation, and causes disorganized cristae structure. Re-expression of StarD7-I rescues MTCO1 levels and mitochondrial abnormalities. |
siRNA knockdown, CRISPR/Cas9n knockout, real-time respirometry (Seahorse), mitochondrial complex activity assay, phospholipid analysis, rescue by overexpression |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
27694445
|
| 2017 |
StarD7-I contains a transmembrane (TM) domain C-terminal to its mitochondrial-targeting signal that anchors the mature protein to the outer leaflet of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). The precursor is cleaved between Met76–Ala77 and Ala77–Ala78 in the TM domain. A truncated StarD7 lacking the TM domain localizes to the mitochondrial matrix and cannot rescue mitochondrial complex formation or PC content defects in StarD7-KO cells, unlike full-length StarD7-I. |
Truncation mutants, immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation in HEPA-1 and HepG2 cells, N-terminal sequencing of cleavage site, rescue of StarD7-KO cells with wild-type vs. truncated forms |
Scientific reports |
High |
28821867
|
| 2017 |
Stard7 deficiency in lung bronchiolar epithelial cells (BEAS-2B knockdown and Stard7epi∆/∆ mice) causes altered mitochondrial size and membrane organization, decreased aerobic respiration, increased oxidant stress, and mitochondrial DNA damage, which in turn disrupts epithelial barrier integrity and function. These defects are rescued by targeting Stard7 to mitochondria or treating cells with a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant. |
siRNA knockdown in BEAS-2B, conditional epithelial-specific KO mice, respirometry, ROS assays, mtDNA damage assay, barrier permeability assay, rescue with mitochondria-targeted Stard7 and MitoTEMPO |
Scientific reports |
High |
28401922
|
| 2023 |
STARD7 is a critical factor for intracellular coenzyme Q (CoQ) transport from mitochondria to the plasma membrane and suppressor of ferroptosis. PARL-mediated cleavage of STARD7 partitions it between the mitochondrial IMS (where it supports CoQ synthesis and cristae morphogenesis) and the cytosol (where it transports CoQ to the plasma membrane to limit lipid peroxidation). A CoQ variant competes with PC for binding to purified STARD7 in vitro. Overexpression of cytosolic STARD7 increases ferroptosis resistance but reduces mitochondrial CoQ and respiratory growth. |
PARL and STARD7 KO/rescue cells, in vitro competitive binding assay with purified STARD7 and CoQ/PC, ferroptosis assays (lipid peroxidation, cell viability), lipidomics, respirometry, STARD7 isoform overexpression |
Nature cell biology |
High |
36658222
|
| 2011 |
Recombinant StarD7 functions as a fusogenic protein: it accelerates lipid dilution between donor and acceptor liposomes via bilayer fusion (not monomeric lipid transport), as demonstrated by fluorescence de-quenching, FRET between labeled lipids, dynamic light scattering, and induction of multinuclear giant cell formation. Fusogenic activity depends on electrostatic interactions with the lipid-water interface and is favored by phosphatidylethanolamine. |
Fluorescence de-quenching assay, FRET-based lipid mixing assay, dynamic light scattering, multinuclear giant cell formation with recombinant protein, pH and salt modulation experiments |
Biochimica et biophysica acta |
Medium |
22063720
|
| 2021 |
StarD7.I overexpression in HTR-8/SVneo cells increases PC transport to mitochondria, alters mitochondrial morphology (increased fragmentation), and modulates fission/fusion proteins: Drp1 and Mfn2 are increased while Mfn1 is decreased. Mitochondrial fragmentation in StarD7.I-overexpressing cells occurs in a fission-dependent manner via Drp1 (established by dominant-negative Drp1-K38A, and phosphomimetic/non-phosphorylatable Drp1 mutants). StarD7 silencing decreases Mfn1 and Mfn2 without changing Drp1 and induces donut-shaped mitochondria. |
Stable overexpression of StarD7.I and StarD7.II isoforms, siRNA knockdown, transfection with Drp1 mutants (K38A, S637D, S637A), fluorescent PC analog transport assay, live-cell imaging, ROS measurement, mitochondrial membrane potential assay |
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids |
Medium |
34416390
|
| 2022 |
StarD7 silencing in HTR-8/SVneo cells decreases connexin 43 (Cx43), integrin β1, and p-ERK1/2 expression, causes Golgi disruption and reduced ability to reorient the microtubule-organizing center, and impairs cell migration. Re-expression specifically of the cytosolic StarD7.II isoform (not the mitochondria-targeted StarD7.I) restores cell migration, ERK1/2, Cx43, and integrin β1 expression, defining a mitochondria-independent, ERK1/2/Cx43-dependent mechanism for StarD7 in cell motility. |
siRNA knockdown, stable isoform-specific re-expression (StarD7.I vs StarD7.II), wound healing and transwell migration assays, immunofluorescence for Golgi and MTOC, Western blot for signaling proteins |
PloS one |
Medium |
36584213
|
| 2020 |
In C2C12 myoblasts, PARL is not involved in StarD7 processing or maturation (unlike in HEK293 cells). StarD7 localizes to the cytosol, inner mitochondrial space, and outer leaflet of the OMM. siRNA knockdown of StarD7 impairs myogenic differentiation and reduces expression of myomaker, myomerger, and PGC-1α; these defects (including reduced mitochondrial PC and oxygen consumption) are fully rescued by re-expression of StarD7 in knockout C2C12 cells. |
siRNA knockdown, CRISPR KO, rescue by re-expression, immunofluorescence, immuno-electron microscopy, oxygen consumption assay, differentiation markers by Western blot/qPCR |
Scientific reports |
Medium |
32071354
|
| 2023 |
StarD7 deficiency in C2C12 myoblasts increases mitophagy flux: knockdown cells accumulate LC3B-II and BNIP3 in mitochondria-enriched fractions, accumulate autophagolysosomal vesicles, and show enhanced mitochondria delivery to lysosomes (by live-cell imaging with mitochondria-targeted mKeima). StarD7 reconstitution restores LC3B-II levels in mitochondrial fractions. |
siRNA knockdown, live-cell imaging with mitochondria-targeted mKeima, mitochondrial fractionation, LC3B-II and BNIP3 Western blot, lysosomal vesicle quantification, StarD7 rescue |
The FEBS journal |
Medium |
37846201
|
| 2016 |
StarD7 knockdown in HepG2 cells induces ER stress (increased IRE1α, calnexin, GRP78/BiP, PERK, p-eIF2α), alters mitochondria and ER morphology, increases ROS generation, and reduces cell viability after H2O2 exposure. Knockdown also causes p53 protein degradation and increases heme oxygenase-1 and catalase expression and catalase enzymatic activity. |
siRNA knockdown in HepG2 cells, Western blot for ER stress markers, ROS assay, cell viability assay, electron microscopy of organelle morphology, catalase activity assay |
Free radical biology & medicine |
Medium |
27554972
|
| 2023 |
SUMO1 degrader HB007 reduces StarD7 mRNA and protein in colon cancer cells through deSUMOylation and degradation of the transcription factor TCF4, which transcriptionally activates StarD7. StarD7 knockout identified as critical for HB007 anticancer activity by genome-wide CRISPR screen. |
Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 KO screen, SUMO1 degrader treatment, TCF4 deSUMOylation assay, mRNA and protein quantification in 3D organoids and PDX models |
Molecular carcinogenesis |
Medium |
37191369
|
| 2004 |
Recombinant StarD7 protein forms stable Gibbs and Langmuir monolayers at the air-buffer interface and penetrates phospholipid monolayers, showing preference for phosphatidylserine, cholesterol, and phosphatidylglycerol, demonstrating direct protein-lipid interaction at membrane interfaces. |
Langmuir monolayer technique, surface pressure measurements, Gibbs film analysis with recombinant StarD7 |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
Low |
14715263
|
| 2025 |
Loss of STARD7 in breast cancer cells leads to accumulation of carnitine derivatives and S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), which increases H3K27 trimethylation on promoters of cell cycle genes, causing cell cycle arrest. STARD7 deficiency also impairs EGFR trafficking to lysosomes, disrupting EGFR signaling in triple-negative breast cancer cells. |
STARD7 KO in breast cancer cell lines, metabolomics, ChIP-seq for H3K27me3, cell cycle analysis, EGFR trafficking assay, ERα-dependent proliferation assay |
Advanced science |
Medium |
40443279
|
| 2026 |
Muscle-specific STARD7 knockout mice show reduced endurance exercise capacity and decreased mitochondrial PC, cardiolipin, and coenzyme Q in soleus muscle, with disorganized cristae but intact respiratory chain complexes. An in vitro binding assay indicates STARD7 preferentially transfers linoleic acid-containing PC species required for cardiolipin remodeling. |
Muscle-specific knockout mice, targeted lipidomics, in vitro lipid binding/transfer assay, electron microscopy, respirometry, RNA-seq, fiber-type analysis |
FASEB journal |
Medium |
41989333
|