Affinage

Showing AQP9 — SSC1 is a alias.

AQP9

Aquaporin-7 · UniProt O14520

Length
342 aa
Mass
37.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
69 papers in source corpus 22 papers cited in narrative 22 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

AQP9 is an aquaglyceroporin channel that mediates mercury-inhibitable transmembrane flux of water, urea, glycerol, monocarboxylates such as lactate, and metalloids, functioning as a multi-substrate conduit that couples solute permeability to tissue-specific metabolic and immune programs (PMID:9514918, PMID:12594337, PMID:35967760). Reconstitution of purified protein established robust glycerol and urea permeability, and in the liver AQP9 localizes to hepatocyte sinusoidal membranes where its expression is induced by fasting and diabetes and reversed by insulin (PMID:12594337); knockout mice exhibit elevated plasma glycerol and triglycerides with impaired fasting glucose, confirming AQP9 as the primary hepatic glycerol entry route for gluconeogenesis (PMID:17360690). Beyond water and glycerol, AQP9 transports trivalent and pentavalent arsenicals and antimonite, and this metalloid permeability makes it the uptake transporter that determines cellular sensitivity to arsenic-based chemotherapeutics (PMID:11972053, PMID:15336539, PMID:19802720); the same channel imports the parkinsonogenic toxin MPP+, such that AQP9 loss protects nigral dopaminergic neurons from MPP+ toxicity (PMID:29566083). In the nervous system a short mitochondrial isoform is enriched in the inner mitochondrial membrane of astrocytes and dopaminergic neurons, where AQP9 supplies glycerol and supports monocarboxylate metabolism, physically associating with monocarboxylate transporters MCT1/2/4 to operate an astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle required for retinal ganglion cell survival (PMID:16126913, PMID:22842525, PMID:32748371). In innate immune cells AQP9 drives metabolic reprogramming and inflammation: lactate import promotes M2-like macrophage polarization and VEGF production, intracellular glycerol is converted to lysophosphatidic acid that activates LPAR2–Hippo signaling to induce IL-23 and IL-1β, and AQP9 is required for leukocyte migration and neutrophil JAK2-STAT3-driven pyroptosis and NET formation (PMID:35967760, PMID:38583685, PMID:41504039, PMID:40558507). AQP9 assembles as a homotetramer and possesses a functionally validated intracellular small-molecule binding site exploited for inhibitor development (PMID:19115411, PMID:23448163).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 1998 High

    Established the founding channel identity of AQP9 by showing it conducts water and urea but, in the initial characterization, not glycerol, placing it among the aquaporins.

    Evidence Xenopus oocyte osmotic swelling and radiolabeled solute uptake assays

    PMID:9514918

    Open questions at the time
    • Glycerol permeability not detected here, later contradicted by reconstitution
    • No structural basis for selectivity
    • Physiological tissue role not addressed
  2. 2002 High

    Showed AQP9 conducts the metalloids arsenite and antimonite, revealing a toxicologically important substrate class beyond classic small solutes.

    Evidence Yeast fps1Δ complementation and radiolabeled metalloid uptake in yeast and Xenopus oocytes

    PMID:11972053

    Open questions at the time
    • Translocation mechanism for metalloids not defined
    • In vivo relevance to arsenic handling not yet tested
  3. 2003 High

    Reconstitution of purified protein resolved AQP9 as a high-capacity glycerol/urea channel and tied it to hepatic glycerol uptake regulated by fasting and insulin.

    Evidence Proteoliposome reconstitution, stopped-flow flux assays, hepatocyte immunolocalization, fasted/diabetic rat Western blots

    PMID:12594337

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal requirement in gluconeogenesis not yet shown by genetics
    • Mechanism of insulin-dependent expression control unresolved
  4. 2004 High

    Demonstrated AQP9 is the drug-uptake transporter that confers sensitivity to arsenic trioxide chemotherapy, linking its metalloid permeability to therapeutic outcome.

    Evidence Stable AQP9 transfection in K562 cells, vitamin D induction in HL60, metalloid uptake and viability assays

    PMID:15336539

    Open questions at the time
    • Endogenous AQP9 regulation in patient leukemia cells not addressed
    • Resistance mechanisms not explored
  5. 2005 Medium

    Identified a short alternatively spliced AQP9 isoform enriched in the inner mitochondrial membrane of astrocytes and dopaminergic neurons, defining a distinct subcellular pool.

    Evidence Subcellular fractionation, immunogold EM, tyrosine hydroxylase double-labeling, in situ hybridization

    PMID:16126913

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab; brain AQP9 expression later disputed by knockout-validated studies
    • Transport function of the mitochondrial isoform not measured
  6. 2007 High

    Genetic knockout proved AQP9 is the primary hepatic glycerol entry channel required for fasting gluconeogenesis, converting the correlative liver data into a causal role.

    Evidence AQP9 knockout mouse metabolic phenotyping, plasma glycerol/triglyceride/glucose, glycerol tolerance test, immunohistochemistry

    PMID:17360690

    Open questions at the time
    • Brain AQP9 not detected here, conflicting with the mitochondrial isoform report
    • Compensatory glycerol routes not quantified
  7. 2007 Medium

    Connected AQP9 to volume regulation and energy balance in retinal neurons, and showed insulin directly downregulates brain AQP9 in catecholaminergic neurons.

    Evidence Phloretin inhibition and volume assays in RGC-5 cells; STZ-diabetic rats and insulin-treated brainstem slice cultures

    PMID:17337204 PMID:18053968

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab pharmacology for the volume role
    • Signaling link between insulin and AQP9 turnover not defined
  8. 2009 High

    Defined AQP9 quaternary structure as a homotetramer with knockout-validated brain expression and refined metalloid handling by distinguishing trivalent from pentavalent arsenical pathways.

    Evidence Blue native PAGE with KO controls, real-time PCR, in situ hybridization; pH-dependent arsenic uptake with Hg(II)/phloretin discrimination in oocytes

    PMID:19115411 PMID:19802720

    Open questions at the time
    • mRNA-protein discordance in cortical neurons unexplained
    • Atomic structure of the pore not determined
  9. 2012 Medium

    Loss-of-function in astrocytes confirmed AQP9 as the dominant glycerol uptake pathway whose loss forces a compensatory shift to glucose oxidation.

    Evidence AQP9 siRNA in astrocyte cultures with glycerol/glucose uptake and metabolic profiling

    PMID:22842525

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Link to neuronal fueling not tested in this study
  10. 2013 Medium

    Validated a functionally relevant intracellular small-molecule binding site, enabling rational AQP9 inhibitor design.

    Evidence Homology modeling, molecular dynamics/docking, site-directed mutagenesis, mammalian water permeability assays

    PMID:23448163

    Open questions at the time
    • No experimental structure of the inhibitor complex
    • Selectivity over other aquaglyceroporins not fully resolved
  11. 2014 Medium

    Showed AQP9 physically partners with MCT2 at neuronal mitochondria and is co-upregulated post-translationally to provide monocarboxylate fuel access.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, co-localization imaging, glutamate-treated hippocampal neuron metabolic assays

    PMID:25161606

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab; direct AQP9 lactate transport not measured here
    • Mechanism of post-translational co-regulation unknown
  12. 2018 High

    Established AQP9 as the conduit for MPP+ entry into dopaminergic neurons, mechanistically linking its permeability to selective neurotoxin vulnerability.

    Evidence Oocyte MPP+ uptake, HEK expression, organotypic midbrain slices, and intrastriatal MPP+ injection in AQP9 KO vs WT mice

    PMID:29566083

    Open questions at the time
    • Relevance to idiopathic Parkinson's disease not established
    • Protection incomplete, implying parallel uptake routes
  13. 2020 High

    Demonstrated AQP9 operates within an astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle in complex with MCT1/2/4 to sustain retinal ganglion cell survival under injury.

    Evidence Aqp9 KO with optic nerve crush, RGC counting, electroretinography, co-IP with MCT1/2/4, intraretinal metabolite quantification, MCT2 inhibition

    PMID:32748371

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct lactate flux through AQP9 versus regulatory MCT scaffolding not separated
    • Generalizability beyond retina untested
  14. 2022 High

    Showed AQP9-mediated lactate import drives M2 macrophage polarization and VEGF production, implicating it in tumor microenvironment immunometabolism.

    Evidence CHO overexpression lactate transport, AQP9-/- and knockdown macrophage polarization, tumor allograft model, VEGF ELISA

    PMID:35967760

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream signaling from lactate to polarization not fully mapped
    • Contribution relative to MCT lactate import not quantified
  15. 2024 Medium

    Defined a glycerol→LPA→LPAR2→Hippo axis through which macrophage AQP9 promotes inflammatory cytokine expression, providing a therapeutic rationale in Crohn's disease.

    Evidence Transcriptomics, AQP9 inhibition, LPA measurement, LPAR2/Hippo mechanistic studies, anti-TNF CD mouse model

    PMID:38583685

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Enzymatic steps converting glycerol to LPA not detailed
  16. 2025 Medium

    Placed AQP9 upstream of neutrophil JAK2-STAT3-driven pyroptosis and NET formation and confirmed its requirement for LPS-driven leukocyte migration.

    Evidence AQP9 siRNA in PMA-stimulated neutrophils with pathway rescue, DSS colitis model; RG100204/HTS13286 inhibition with migration and phagocytosis assays in human PBMCs/neutrophils

    PMID:40558507 PMID:41504039

    Open questions at the time
    • Single labs; how AQP9 permeability activates JAK2-STAT3 not mechanistically resolved
    • Phagocytosis effect requires co-inhibition with AQP3, indicating redundancy

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How a single channel's substrate flux is selectively decoded into divergent outcomes (gluconeogenesis, neuronal fueling, metalloid toxicity, distinct inflammatory programs) and the atomic basis of its pore and inhibitor binding remain unresolved.
  • No experimental high-resolution structure in the corpus
  • Tissue-specific regulation of substrate preference not mechanistically explained
  • Direct lactate transport contribution versus MCT scaffolding not cleanly dissected

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005215 transporter activity 7 GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity 4
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005739 mitochondrion 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 4 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules 4
Partners
CFTRLPAR2MCT1MCT2MCT4

Evidence

Reading pass · 22 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1998 AQP9 expressed in Xenopus oocytes functions as an osmotic water channel (7-fold increase in water permeability, low activation energy, mercury-inhibitable) and facilitates urea transport (4-fold increase), but does not increase glycerol permeability, distinguishing it from AQP3 and AQP7. Xenopus oocyte expression system, osmotic swelling assay, radiolabeled solute uptake Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 9514918
2002 AQP9 (and AQP7) transport arsenite [As(III)] and antimonite [Sb(III)]: AQP9 expressed in yeast fps1Δ cells restores metalloid sensitivity and enhances (73)As(III) and (125)Sb(III) uptake; AQP7 and AQP9 cRNA-injected Xenopus oocytes show increased (73)As(III) transport. Yeast complementation of fps1Δ strain, radiolabeled metalloid uptake in yeast and Xenopus oocytes Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 11972053
2003 Purified rat AQP9 reconstituted in proteoliposomes exhibits mercury-inhibitable glycerol permeability (63-fold over background) and urea permeability (90-fold over background) at pH 7.5, but does not significantly increase beta-hydroxybutyrate or osmotic water permeability. AQP9 protein is localized to sinusoidal surfaces of hepatocyte plasma membranes, and its expression is induced up to 20-fold by fasting and elevated in streptozotocin-diabetic rats, returning to baseline with insulin treatment. Proteoliposome reconstitution with purified AQP9, stopped-flow light scattering, radiolabeled solute flux assays, confocal immunofluorescence, Western blot in fasted/diabetic rats Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 12594337
2004 AQP9 expression in K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia cells increases uptake of trivalent arsenic (As(III)) and antimonite (Sb(III)) and confers hypersensitivity to Trisenox (arsenic trioxide) and Sb(III). Vitamin D treatment of HL60 cells increases AQP9 expression and similarly confers metalloid hypersensitivity, demonstrating that AQP9 is the drug uptake transporter responsible for arsenic-based chemotherapy sensitivity. Stable transfection of AQP9 into K562 cells, cell viability assays, radiolabeled metalloid uptake, pharmacological induction with vitamin D Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 15336539
2005 Brain mitochondria express a short (~25 kDa) AQP9 isoform arising from alternative splicing, which is enriched in the inner mitochondrial membrane as shown by subcellular fractionation and immunogold electron microscopy. This isoform is present in astrocytes throughout the brain and in dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and arcuate nucleus. Subcellular fractionation, immunoblotting, immunogold electron microscopy, double-labeling with tyrosine hydroxylase, in situ hybridization FASEB journal Medium 16126913
2007 AQP9 knockout mice show markedly elevated plasma glycerol and triglycerides compared to wild-type, confirming AQP9's role as the primary hepatic entry channel for glycerol. Blood glucose was significantly lower in obese AQP9-knockout (Leprdb/Leprdb AQP9-/-) mice during fasting, indicating AQP9 is required for efficient hepatic glycerol utilization in gluconeogenesis. AQP9 protein was detected in hepatocytes, epididymis, vas deferens, and epidermis but not in brain. AQP9 knockout mouse phenotyping, plasma glycerol/triglyceride/glucose measurements, immunohistochemistry with multiple antibodies and knockout controls, oral glycerol tolerance test Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 17360690
2007 AQP9 expression in RGC-5 retinal ganglion cells mediates cell volume regulation in response to hypotonic stress; the AQP9 inhibitor phloretin blocks hypotonic-induced cell swelling. AQP9 expression is upregulated by hypoxia and hypotonic shock, suggesting a role in energy balance as a glycerol-lactate channel in retinal ganglion neurons. Cell volume measurement, pharmacological inhibition with phloretin, Western blot and RT-PCR under hypoxia/hypotonic conditions in RGC-5 cells and primary RGCs Pharmacological research Medium 17337204
2007 In streptozotocin-diabetic rats (low systemic insulin), AQP9 expression is selectively increased in catecholaminergic neurons of the brainstem. In brainstem slice cultures, 2 μM insulin application significantly decreases AQP9 protein levels within 6 h, demonstrating direct insulin-mediated regulation of brain AQP9 in catecholaminergic neurons. Immunocytochemistry, Western blot, brainstem slice culture with insulin treatment Brain research Medium 18053968
2009 AQP9 in brain exists in tetrameric form (confirmed by blue native gel electrophoresis); the tetramer band is absent in AQP9 knockout brain and liver. Subpopulations of nigral neurons express AQP9 at both mRNA and protein levels; cortical cells including hilar hippocampal neurons contain AQP9 mRNA but no detectable AQP9 immunosignal. Blue native PAGE, real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, all with AQP9 knockout controls Journal of neuroscience research High 19115411
2009 Human AQP9 transports pentavalent methylated arsenicals MAs(V) and DMAs(V) in a pH-dependent manner (higher rate at pH 5.5 than neutral pH) in Xenopus oocytes. Hg(II) inhibits all four arsenic species transport; phloretin inhibits pentavalent MAs(V) and DMAs(V) but not trivalent As(III) and MAs(III), indicating distinct translocation mechanisms for trivalent vs. pentavalent arsenicals through AQP9. Xenopus oocyte expression, radiolabeled arsenic uptake at different pH, pharmacological inhibition with Hg(II), phloretin, FCCP, valinomycin, nigericin Biometals High 19802720
2009 CFTR co-localizes with AQP9 at the apical membrane of syncytiotrophoblast in normal placenta; CFTR expression decreases in preeclamptic placentas with loss of apical co-localization with AQP9. CFTR inhibitors reduce water uptake in normal placental explants, suggesting CFTR regulates AQP9 functionality. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence co-localization, CFTR inhibitor functional water uptake assay in placental explants Placenta Medium 19481256
2012 siRNA knockdown of AQP9 in cultured astrocytes decreases glycerol uptake and is associated with compensatory increase in glucose uptake and oxidative metabolism, confirming AQP9 as the primary glycerol transport pathway in astrocytes and demonstrating its role in astrocyte energy metabolism. AQP9 siRNA in astrocyte cultures, glycerol uptake assay, glucose uptake measurement, metabolic profiling Brain research Medium 22842525
2013 Site-directed mutagenesis of an intracellular binding site on AQP9 (identified by homology modeling and molecular dynamics/docking) alters sensitivity to small molecule inhibitors, validating the intracellular binding site as functionally relevant. Novel inhibitors with low micromolar IC50 identified by in silico screening targeting this site are active in mammalian cell water permeability assays. Homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulation, molecular docking, site-directed mutagenesis, mammalian cell water permeability assay Molecular membrane biology Medium 23448163
2014 AQP9 and monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 co-immunoprecipitate from hippocampal neuron homogenates and co-localize in mitochondria of hippocampal neurons. Glutamate exposure increases AQP9 and MCT2 protein expression post-translationally (no mRNA change), and decreases glucose utilization, suggesting AQP9 facilitates alternative fuel (monocarboxylate) access to mitochondria. Co-immunoprecipitation, co-localization imaging, Western blot and RT-PCR before/after glutamate treatment, glucose utilization assay in primary hippocampal neurons Frontiers in neuroscience Medium 25161606
2018 AQP9 is permeable to the parkinsonogenic toxin MPP+ as demonstrated by Xenopus oocyte uptake assay. Stable AQP9 expression in HEK cells increases their vulnerability to MPP+ and arsenite. AQP9 knockout in mice protects nigral dopaminergic neurons from MPP+ toxicity in organotypic midbrain slice cultures and in vivo intrastriatal injection models (48% reduction in TH+ cells in AQP9 KO vs. 67% in WT). Xenopus oocyte MPP+ uptake assay, stable HEK cell expression, cell viability, organotypic slice culture, intrastriatal MPP+ injection in AQP9 KO vs. WT mice, TH+ cell counting PloS one High 29566083
2020 AQP9 acts as an astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) in concert with monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) to support retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function and survival. AQP9 co-localizes with MCTs 1, 2, and 4 at the ganglion cell layer and co-immunoprecipitates with these MCTs in WT retina. Aqp9-null mice show greater RGC loss and reduced electroretinographic pSTR amplitude after optic nerve crush, reduced intraretinal lactate, and elevated glucose levels; glucose transporter GLUT1 expression is compensatorily increased. Aqp9 knockout mouse with optic nerve crush model, RGC density counting, electroretinography, co-immunoprecipitation of AQP9 with MCT1/2/4, immunolabeling, intraretinal metabolite measurement, MCT2 inhibitor injection Molecular neurobiology High 32748371
2022 AQP9 transports lactate in macrophages: AQP9 overexpression in CHO cells increases lactate import rate; AQP9-/- macrophages and AQP9 knockdown RAW264.7 cells show reduced lactate transport. In the tumor microenvironment, AQP9-mediated lactate import drives M2-like macrophage polarization and VEGF production; AQP9-/- mice resist tumor growth and show suppressed M2 polarization in tumor tissue. AQP9 overexpression in CHO cells (lactate transport assay), AQP9-/- bone marrow-derived macrophage polarization assay, AQP9 knockdown in RAW264.7 cells, tumor allograft mouse model, VEGF ELISA Biochemistry and biophysics reports High 35967760
2024 AQP9 in macrophages transports glycerol intracellularly where it is metabolized to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), activating the LPAR2 receptor and downstream Hippo pathway to promote expression of cytokines IL-23 and IL-1β. AQP9 blockade in macrophages decreases inflamed macrophage cytokine expression and enhances anti-TNF therapy response in a CD mouse model. Transcriptomic analysis, AQP9-specific inhibition in macrophages, cytokine expression (ELISA, Western blot), LPA metabolite measurement, LPAR2 pathway mechanistic studies, in vivo CD mouse model Pharmacological research Medium 38583685
2025 AQP9 knockdown in PMA-stimulated neutrophils suppresses JAK2-STAT3 pathway activation, reduces pyroptosis, and decreases NET formation, thereby reducing intestinal epithelial cell injury. Reactivation of JAK2-STAT3 or pyroptosis in AQP9-knockdown neutrophils restores NET formation and epithelial damage, placing AQP9 upstream of JAK2-STAT3-mediated pyroptosis in neutrophil-driven intestinal inflammation. siRNA knockdown of AQP9 in PMA-stimulated neutrophils, Western blot for JAK2-STAT3 pathway, ELISA for cytokines, immunofluorescence for NETs, co-culture with intestinal epithelial cells, CCK-8 and TUNEL assays, DSS-induced colitis mouse model Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) Medium 41504039
2025 Selective pharmacological blockade of AQP9 (with inhibitor RG100204) significantly impairs PBMC and neutrophil migration in response to LPS. Simultaneous inhibition of both AQP3 and AQP9 is required to impair monocyte phagocytosis of K. pneumoniae (at 60 min); individual AQP9 blockade alone does not affect bacterial killing. Specific AQP9 inhibitor (HTS13286 and RG100204) treatment of human PBMCs and neutrophils, transwell migration assay with/without LPS, phagocytosis assay with K. pneumoniae, bacterial killing assay, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence Cells Medium 40558507
2010 hCG treatment of normal placental explants increases AQP9 protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner via cAMP pathways (mimicked by 8-Br-cAMP), and increases water uptake 1.6-fold; AQP9 localizes to both the apical membrane and cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblast after treatment. Placental explant culture with recombinant hCG or 8-Br-cAMP, Western blot, immunofluorescence localization, water uptake assay Reproductive sciences Medium 20220109
2011 Insulin decreases AQP9 molecular expression in normal placental explants in a concentration-dependent manner; TNF-α pretreatment (which induces IRS phosphorylation and desensitizes insulin signaling) prevents insulin-induced AQP9 downregulation. Insulin treatment does not modify water uptake or its mercury sensitivity in placental explants, indicating AQP9 water permeability is independent of its expression level in this tissue. Placental explant culture with varying insulin concentrations, TNF-α pretreatment, Western blot for AQP9, water uptake assay with HgCl2 sensitivity Placenta Medium 22018417

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 69 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Arsenite transport by mammalian aquaglyceroporins AQP7 and AQP9. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 352 11972053
2003 Aquaglyceroporin AQP9: solute permeation and metabolic control of expression in liver. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 247 12594337
2007 Defective glycerol metabolism in aquaporin 9 (AQP9) knockout mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 233 17360690
1998 Cloning and functional expression of a new aquaporin (AQP9) abundantly expressed in the peripheral leukocytes permeable to water and urea, but not to glycerol. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 231 9514918
2005 Brain mitochondria contain aquaporin water channels: evidence for the expression of a short AQP9 isoform in the inner mitochondrial membrane. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 116 16126913
2015 Curcumin attenuates brain edema in mice with intracerebral hemorrhage through inhibition of AQP4 and AQP9 expression. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 88 26119880
2004 Drug uptake and pharmacological modulation of drug sensitivity in leukemia by AQP9. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 66 15336539
2006 Functional and molecular expression of AQP9 channel and UT-A transporter in normal and preeclamptic human placentas. Placenta 54 16480766
2019 LncRNA MALAT1 promotes neuropathic pain progression through the miR‑154‑5p/AQP9 axis in CCI rat models. Molecular medicine reports 48 31746418
2009 Analysis of mice with targeted deletion of AQP9 gene provides conclusive evidence for expression of AQP9 in neurons. Journal of neuroscience research 44 19115411
2017 AQP9-induced cell cycle arrest is associated with RAS activation and improves chemotherapy treatment efficacy in colorectal cancer. Cell death & disease 38 28640255
2018 Arsenic metabolites; selenium; and AS3MT, MTHFR, AQP4, AQP9, SELENOP, INMT, and MT2A polymorphisms in Croatian-Slovenian population from PHIME-CROME study. Environmental research 34 30612060
2009 CFTR may modulate AQP9 functionality in preeclamptic placentas. Placenta 31 19481256
2009 Pentavalent methylated arsenicals are substrates of human AQP9. Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine 30 19802720
2007 Stress-induced changes in neuronal Aquaporin-9 (AQP9) in a retinal ganglion cell-line. Pharmacological research 28 17337204
2010 High levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) correlate with increased aquaporin-9 (AQP9) expression in explants from human preeclamptic placenta. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) 27 20220109
2007 Induction of brain aquaporin 9 (AQP9) in catecholaminergic neurons in diabetic rats. Brain research 27 18053968
2016 Pseudomonas aeruginosa N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-homoserine Lactone Elicits Changes in Cell Volume, Morphology, and AQP9 Characteristics in Macrophages. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 26 27047801
2013 The identification of novel, high affinity AQP9 inhibitors in an intracellular binding site. Molecular membrane biology 26 23448163
2011 Evidence for insulin-mediated control of AQP9 expression in human placenta. Placenta 26 22018417
2016 Effect of AQP9 Expression in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cell PC3. International journal of molecular sciences 25 27187384
2013 AQP9 expression in glioblastoma multiforme tumors is limited to a small population of astrocytic cells and CD15(+)/CalB(+) leukocytes. PloS one 25 24086629
2007 Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) localization in the adult dog testis excurrent ducts by immunohistochemistry. Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) 25 17957752
2020 Aqp9 Gene Deletion Enhances Retinal Ganglion Cell (RGC) Death and Dysfunction Induced by Optic Nerve Crush: Evidence that Aquaporin 9 Acts as an Astrocyte-to-Neuron Lactate Shuttle in Concert with Monocarboxylate Transporters To Support RGC Function and Survival. Molecular neurobiology 24 32748371
2018 microRNA-212-induced protection of the heart against myocardial infarction occurs via the interplay between AQP9 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Experimental cell research 23 30017933
2018 AQP9 promotes astrocytoma cell invasion and motility via the AKT pathway. Oncology letters 22 30344749
2013 Oxygen tension modulates AQP9 expression in human placenta. Placenta 22 23684380
2022 AQP9 transports lactate in tumor-associated macrophages to stimulate an M2-like polarization that promotes colon cancer progression. Biochemistry and biophysics reports 21 35967760
2012 Alteration of glucose metabolism in cultured astrocytes after AQP9-small interference RNA application. Brain research 20 22842525
2009 Osteoclast differentiation and function in aquaglyceroporin AQP9-null mice. Biology of the cell 20 18666888
2013 Multi-microarray identifies lower AQP9 expression in adjuvant chemotherapy nonresponders with stage III colorectal cancer. Cancer letters 18 23612070
2014 Hepatic AQP9 expression in male rats is reduced in response to PPARα agonist treatment. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 17 25477377
2018 Targeted deletion of the aquaglyceroporin AQP9 is protective in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. PloS one 16 29566083
2013 Changes in retinal aquaporin-9 (AQP9) expression in glaucoma. Bioscience reports 14 23464865
2019 Maternal protein restriction differentially alters the expression of AQP1, AQP9 and VEGFr-2 in the epididymis of rat offspring. International journal of molecular sciences 13 30678254
2018 Changes in the Expression of AQP4 and AQP9 in the Hippocampus Following Eclampsia-Like Seizure. International journal of molecular sciences 13 29351212
2015 Deletion of glycerol channel aquaporin-9 (Aqp9) impairs long-term blood glucose control in C57BL/6 leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) obese mice. Physiological reports 13 26416971
2006 Identification and characterization of aquaporin-9 (AQP9) in porcine hepatic tissue and hepatocytes in monolayer culture. Domestic animal endocrinology 13 16857339
2020 AQP9 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion through inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression under hypoxia. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 12 32115773
2024 AQP3 and AQP9-Contrary Players in Sepsis? International journal of molecular sciences 11 38279209
2019 AQP8 and AQP9 expression in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and its association with in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer outcomes. Experimental and therapeutic medicine 9 31258711
2019 Maternal Protein Restriction Modulates Angiogenesis and AQP9 Expression Leading to a Delay in Postnatal Epididymal Development in Rat. Cells 9 31533210
2014 Glutamate reduces glucose utilization while concomitantly enhancing AQP9 and MCT2 expression in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Frontiers in neuroscience 9 25161606
2012 AQP9: a novel target for bone loss induced by microgravity. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 9 22390930
2023 miR-330-3p alleviates the progression of atherosclerosis by downregulating AQP9. Functional & integrative genomics 8 36879069
2023 Integrated multiomics analysis reveals changes in liver physiological function in Aqp9 gene knockout mice. International journal of biological macromolecules 8 37353119
2023 Aged black tea alleviates constipation in mice by modulating intestinal neurotransmitters and decreasing AQP3 and AQP9 expression. Food & nutrition research 8 39917391
2020 Long Non-coding RNA LINC00320 Inhibits Tumorigenicity of Glioma Cells and Angiogenesis Through Downregulation of NFKB1-Mediated AQP9. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 7 33414706
2025 Downregulation of AQP9 Ameliorates NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent Inflammation and Pyroptosis in Crohn's Disease by Inhibiting the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Molecular biotechnology 6 39928266
2021 Low expression of AQP9 and its value in hepatocellular carcinoma. Translational cancer research 6 35116505
2018 The possible association between AQP9 in the intestinal epithelium and acute liver injury‑induced intestinal epithelium damage. Molecular medicine reports 6 30320400
2024 Targeting AQP9 enhanced the anti-TNF therapy response in Crohn's disease by inhibiting LPA-hippo pathway. Pharmacological research 5 38583685
2019 Effects of Qutanhuoxue Decoction on AQP7 and AQP9 Expression in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Model Rats. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 5 31275413
2023 Sex-specific effect of AQP9 deficiency on hepatic triglyceride metabolism in mice with diet-induced obesity. The Journal of physiology 4 37026573
2022 AQP9 (Aquaporin 9) Determines Arsenic Uptake and Tolerance in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells In Vitro. Cureus 4 35967171
2019 Research on associations between variants and haplotypes of Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) gene with growth traits in three cattle breeds. Animal biotechnology 3 31680615
2014 Expression and localization of aqua-glyceroporins AQP3 and AQP9 in rat oral epithelia. The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College 3 24717924
2025 Selective Blockade of Two Aquaporin Channels, AQP3 and AQP9, Impairs Human Leukocyte Migration. Cells 2 40558507
2025 Tumor-Associated Neutrophils Regulate Breast Cancer Progression Through the AQP9/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Cancer science 2 40580422
2022 [Association study of single nucleotide polymorphisms of AQP7 and AQP9 genes with type 2 diabetes mellitus among ethnic Han Chinese population]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 2 35076928
2021 Using kICS to Reveal Changed Membrane Diffusion of AQP-9 Treated with Drugs. Membranes 2 34436330
2026 Salivary AQP9 mRNA expression is associated with caries and periodontitis prevalence. Scientific reports 1 41688535
2025 AQP9 weakens the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells in colon adenocarcinoma by boosting M2 polarization of macrophages under hypoxia conditions. Expert review of clinical immunology 1 40329438
2016 [Effect of magnesium sulfate on MMP-9 and AQP-9 protein in placenta of patients with hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy]. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 1 27545035
2015 [The expression of AQP9 in HepG2 cells affects cell biological behaviors and sensitivity to As2O3]. Xi bao yu fen zi mian yi xue za zhi = Chinese journal of cellular and molecular immunology 1 26062419
2026 Zingerone attenuates steatosis via downregulation of AQP9 in hepatocytes. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 0 41814034
2026 Tedizolid Targets AQP9-JAK/STAT Axis to Suppress Metastatic Progression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Mechanism and Therapeutic Implications. International journal of molecular sciences 0 42196217
2025 AQP9 in Neutrophils Promotes the Formation of NETs by Regulating JAK2-STAT3 Pathway-Mediated Pyroptosis to Aggravate Intestinal Epithelial Cell Injury in Ulcerative Colitis. Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) 0 41504039
2022 Retraction: Long Non-coding RNA LINC00320 Inhibits Tumorigenicity of Glioma Cells and Angiogenesis Through Downregulation of NFKB1-Mediated AQP9. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 0 35210992

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