Affinage

SLC25A20

Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein · UniProt O43772

Length
301 aa
Mass
32.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 15 papers cited in narrative 15 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

SLC25A20 (CACT/CAC) is a mitochondrial inner membrane carrier that drives long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation by catalyzing the electroneutral exchange of short-, medium-, and long-chain acylcarnitines for free carnitine (PMID:15365988, PMID:33807231). Transport proceeds through a single-pore, ping-pong mechanism in which conserved Pro/Gly residues across the transmembrane helices (notably P130, G220, G268) enable the helix tilting and bending that translocates substrate, while other PG residues (P30, G121) constrain it (PMID:36122779); the protein assembles into transient dimers that do not alter this transport cycle (PMID:39334924). Transport activity is redox-sensitive and gated near the substrate-binding center by Cys136, the residue covalently targeted by the inhibitor patulin and the site at which the pathogenic p.Arg133Trp substitution abolishes transport (PMID:15365988, PMID:33807231, PMID:36768549); the drug ingenol mebutate likewise inhibits CACT, causing acylcarnitine accumulation and blockade of FAO (PMID:29296668). Transcription is driven by PPARα and PPARδ through a 5'-UTR PPRE (PMID:19577614, PMID:19748481), by GABP through a PPARα-independent promoter element induced by n-3 PUFAs (PMID:39201781), and is coactivated by SRC-3, whose loss in mice phenocopies CACT deficiency and is rescued by short-chain fatty acid feeding (PMID:22560224). Loss-of-function variants cause CACT deficiency by destabilizing or aggregating the protein and impairing the acylcarnitine/carnitine shuttle, recapitulated by zebrafish knockouts that develop adipose accumulation, cardiac hypertrophy, and hepatic lipid droplet vacuolation (PMID:39732347, PMID:39650084). In cancer, SLC25A20 acts as a metabolic node coupling FAO to ATP production and mTOR signaling, with context-dependent roles in tumor growth (PMID:33824298, PMID:40521210).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 2004 High

    Established the core function of CACT as an acylcarnitine/carnitine antiporter and showed that a single disease residue is essential for transport, directly linking molecular activity to CACT deficiency.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis with E. coli expression and reconstitution of wild-type and p.Arg133Trp protein into liposomes

    PMID:15365988

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve the full substrate range or the structural basis of the transport cycle
    • Mechanism of the R133W defect not structurally explained
  2. 2009 High

    Defined how CACT expression is transcriptionally coupled to fatty acid metabolism by identifying a functional PPRE responsive to PPARα and PPARδ.

    Evidence Luciferase reporter assays with deletion/mutation analysis, PPARα-knockout mice, and agonist treatment in liver cells (mouse); tetracycline-inducible PPARα reporter system (human)

    PMID:19577614 PMID:19748481

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address coactivator requirements
    • PPARδ contribution shown only in mouse
  3. 2012 High

    Identified SRC-3 as a transcriptional coactivator whose loss reproduces the metabolic syndrome of CACT deficiency, connecting CACT regulation to whole-organism FAO physiology.

    Evidence SRC-3 knockout mice with metabolic phenotyping and dietary short-chain fatty acid rescue

    PMID:22560224

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the direct promoter element SRC-3 acts through
    • Relationship to PPAR-driven regulation not resolved
  4. 2017 High

    Revealed CACT as a pharmacological liability by showing ingenol mebutate directly inhibits its translocase activity, explaining drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

    Evidence Photoaffinity chemical proteomics, quantitative proteomics, cellular acylcarnitine profiling and FAO assays across cell types

    PMID:29296668

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not map the precise binding residue
    • In vitro reconstituted inhibition not tested
  5. 2021 High

    Consolidated the substrate breadth and redox-sensitive regulation of CACT and confirmed loss of SLC25A20 in hepatocellular carcinoma suppresses FAO and promotes tumor growth.

    Evidence Synthesis of reconstitution/mutagenesis/kinetic data (review); SLC25A20 knockdown/overexpression with miR-132-3p manipulation, xenografts, cell cycle/EMT/apoptosis assays in HCC

    PMID:33807231 PMID:33824298

    Open questions at the time
    • Cancer mechanism beyond FAO suppression not detailed in HCC
    • Single lab for the HCC findings
  6. 2022 High

    Defined the structural mechanics of transport by pinpointing Pro/Gly residues whose mutation either abolishes or enhances carnitine uptake, establishing how helix flexibility drives substrate translocation.

    Evidence Alanine-scanning mutagenesis, reconstituted transport assays, and 3D molecular modeling

    PMID:36122779

    Open questions at the time
    • No experimental high-resolution structure
    • Conformational states inferred from modeling, not captured directly
  7. 2023 High

    Identified Cys136 as a covalent inhibitory site near the substrate-binding center, mechanistically explaining patulin's competitive inhibition of CACT.

    Evidence C136 mutagenesis, reconstituted transport assays, substrate protection, mass spectrometry, and modeling

    PMID:36768549

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological/endogenous role of Cys136 redox modification not established
    • Structural model of the inhibited state unvalidated
  8. 2024 Medium

    Extended the disease and physiological model by linking specific variants to protein destabilization and aggregation, and by recapitulating CACT deficiency pathology in a vertebrate knockout.

    Evidence Whole-exome sequencing with Western blot, qPCR of CPT1A/CPT2, immunofluorescence; CRISPR/Cas9 slc25a20 knockout zebrafish with histology and electron microscopy

    PMID:39650084 PMID:39732347

    Open questions at the time
    • Variant effects assessed without direct transport assay
    • Zebrafish phenotype not tied to biochemical transport deficit
  9. 2024 High

    Uncovered a PPARα-independent transcriptional route by showing n-3 PUFAs induce CACT via GABP binding to defined promoter elements, and showed CACT exists as a transient dimer that preserves the ping-pong cycle.

    Evidence Deletion promoter/luciferase assays, GABPα/β overexpression, ChIP, nuclear fractionation; Sarkosyl/PAGE and cross-linking with comparative modeling

    PMID:39201781 PMID:39334924

    Open questions at the time
    • Dimerization shown biochemically without crystallography/cryo-EM
    • Interplay between GABP and PPARα regulation not resolved
  10. 2025 Medium

    Placed CACT as a metabolic dependency in pancreatic cancer by showing its loss lowers ATP, inactivates mTOR, and slows tumor growth in genetic and dietary models.

    Evidence SLC25A20 knockdown with proteomics, ATP and mTOR pathway analysis, HFD xenografts, and KPC/Slc25a20 mouse crossbreeding

    PMID:40521210

    Open questions at the time
    • Apparent opposite cancer role versus HCC not reconciled
    • Single lab, mechanism downstream of mTOR not detailed

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the multiple transcriptional inputs (PPARα/δ, SRC-3, GABP) are integrated, and how the same transporter exerts opposing growth effects across cancer types, remains unresolved.
  • No experimental high-resolution structure of human SLC25A20
  • Context-dependent tumor-suppressive vs. tumor-promoting roles not mechanistically reconciled
  • Endogenous regulators of Cys136 redox state unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005215 transporter activity 4 GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity 2
Localization
GO:0005739 mitochondrion 3
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3 R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules 2

Evidence

Reading pass · 15 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2004 CACT (SLC25A20) transports acylcarnitines across the mitochondrial inner membrane in exchange for carnitine; the p.Arg133Trp substitution abolishes this transport activity, as demonstrated by expression of mutant protein in E. coli followed by functional reconstitution into liposomes. Site-directed mutagenesis, E. coli expression, functional reconstitution into liposomes (transport assay) Human mutation High 15365988
2021 SLC25A20 (CAC) catalyzes electroneutral exchange of short, medium, and long-chain acyl-carnitines across the mitochondrial inner membrane for free carnitine; post-translational modifications (redox-sensitive) regulate its transport activity; site-directed mutagenesis combined with chemical targeting defined structure-function relationships including key residues involved in substrate binding and the transport mechanism. Site-directed mutagenesis, chemical modification, in vitro transport assay, bioinformatics/homology modeling Biomolecules High 33807231
2009 Mouse CACT (SLC25A20) gene transcription is upregulated by PPARα and PPARδ (but not PPARγ) via a functional PPRE located in the 5'-UTR at position +45 to +57 relative to the transcription start site, as demonstrated by reporter assays and deletion/mutation analysis in liver cells. Reporter gene (luciferase) assay, deletion analysis, mutation analysis, PPARα-knockout mice, agonist treatment (WY-14,643, GW0742) Biochimica et biophysica acta High 19577614
2009 PPARα regulates human SLC25A20 expression via a peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) in the SLC25A20 promoter region, as demonstrated in human hepatoblastoma cells using a tetracycline-regulated PPARα expression system and luciferase reporter assays. Tetracycline-inducible PPARα overexpression, promoter-luciferase reporter assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 19748481
2012 Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 (SRC-3) directly regulates CACT (SLC25A20) gene expression; SRC-3-knockout mice phenocopy human CACT deficiency (hypoketonemia, hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, impaired neurologic/cardiac/skeletal muscle performance), and dietary short-chain fatty acid rescue reverses these phenotypes. SRC-3 genetic knockout mice, dietary rescue experiment, gene expression analysis Cell metabolism High 22560224
2017 SLC25A20 is a direct protein target of ingenol mebutate (IngMeb) and ingenol disoxate (IngDsx); these drugs inhibit SLC25A20 translocase activity in cells, leading to buildup of acylcarnitines and blockade of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), providing a mechanism for IngMeb-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Photoreactive clickable probe (chemical proteomics/photoaffinity labeling), quantitative proteomics, cellular acylcarnitine profiling, FAO assay ACS central science High 29296668
2022 Pro/Gly residues of the PG-levels in SLC25A20 are critical for conformational changes during the transport cycle: P130A (H3), G268A (H6), and G220A (H5) mutations reduce CAC transport activity to <5% of wild type, while P30A (H1) and G121A (H3) mutations increase carnitine uptake to 217% and 112%, respectively. These residues guide substrate translocation by enabling tilting/kinking/bending of transmembrane helices. Alanine scanning site-directed mutagenesis, in vitro transport assay, 3D molecular modeling International journal of biological macromolecules High 36122779
2023 Mycotoxin patulin inhibits SLC25A20 (CAC) transport activity via covalent interaction with Cys136; site-directed mutagenesis of C136 abolishes patulin inhibition; the inhibition is competitive and occurs at or near the substrate-binding site, as confirmed by substrate protection experiments and mass spectrometry. Site-directed mutagenesis (C136 mutant), in vitro transport assay in proteoliposomes (native and recombinant protein), dose-response kinetics, substrate protection assay, mass spectrometry, molecular modeling International journal of molecular sciences High 36768549
2024 SLC25A20 forms transient dimers, as shown by Sarkosyl/PAGE and chemical cross-linking; comparative modeling based on ADP/ATP carrier dimeric crystal structures indicates dimerization does not alter the ping-pong transport mechanism. Sarkosyl/PAGE, chemical cross-linking reagents, comparative molecular modeling Biomolecules Medium 39334924
2023 In silico analysis of SLC25A20 structural dynamics using homology modeling and molecular dynamics reveals asymmetric conformational changes in the cytosolic-to-matrix state transition; the pathogenic mutations Asp231His and Ala281Val alter the conformational dynamics of SLC25A20, providing a structural explanation for their loss of function in CACT deficiency. Homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulation, molecular docking International journal of molecular sciences Low 36835358
2021 Down-regulation of SLC25A20 in HCC cells (primarily due to upregulation of miR-132-3p) suppresses fatty acid oxidation and promotes tumor growth and metastasis via impaired G1-S cell cycle transition, induction of EMT, and reduced apoptosis; re-expression of SLC25A20 reverses these effects in vitro and in vivo. SLC25A20 knockdown/overexpression in HCC cell lines, in vivo xenograft, miR-132-3p manipulation, cell cycle, EMT marker, apoptosis assays Cell death & disease Medium 33824298
2025 SLC25A20 knockdown in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells reduces ATP production and inhibits cell growth via inactivation of mTOR signaling due to decreased ATP; in KPC/Slc25a20 mice, loss of SLC25A20 extends median survival by 3.1 weeks and reduces high-fat-diet-promoted tumor growth by 65-95%. SLC25A20 knockdown, proteome analysis, xenograft in HFD mice, KPC×KPC/Slc25a20 crossbreeding, ATP measurement, mTOR pathway analysis Theranostics Medium 40521210
2024 The SLC25A20 variants c.476T>C and c.199-10T>G decrease protein stability of SLC25A20, reduce CPT1A and CPT2 mRNA expression, and cause SLC25A20 protein aggregation, thereby impairing the mitochondrial acylcarnitine/carnitine shuttle and inhibiting β-oxidation. Whole-exome sequencing, Western blot (protein stability/expression), quantitative PCR (CPT1A/CPT2 mRNA), immunofluorescence (subcellular localization/aggregation) Gene Medium 39732347
2024 EPA and DHA (n-3 PUFAs) upregulate CACT (SLC25A20) transcription in hepatic cells through a PPARα-independent mechanism involving GABP (GABPα/GABPβ) binding to two conserved GABP responsive elements within the -202 to -29 bp region of the CACT promoter; EPA/DHA induce nuclear accumulation of GABPα and enhance its binding to this region. Deletion promoter analysis, luciferase reporter assay, GABPα/β overexpression, ChIP assay, nuclear fractionation/immunoblot International journal of molecular sciences High 39201781
2024 Homozygous slc25a20 knockout zebrafish (generated by CRISPR/Cas9) display adipose tissue accumulation, cardiac hypertrophy with degenerated myocardial cells, hepatocyte lipid droplet vacuolation, and iron deposition in spleen and liver, recapitulating the pathological features of human CACT deficiency. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, histological examination, electron microscopy Molecular genetics and metabolism reports Medium 39650084

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1989 DNA fingerprinting with the oligonucleotide probe (CAC)5/(GTG)5: somatic stability and germline mutations. Human genetics 87 2558069
2020 Wu Mei Wan attenuates CAC by regulating gut microbiota and the NF-kB/IL6-STAT3 signaling pathway. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 58 32119646
2004 Molecular and functional analysis of SLC25A20 mutations causing carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency. Human mutation 56 15365988
2021 The Mitochondrial Carnitine Acyl-carnitine Carrier (SLC25A20): Molecular Mechanisms of Transport, Role in Redox Sensing and Interaction with Drugs. Biomolecules 54 33807231
2017 Chemical Proteomics Identifies SLC25A20 as a Functional Target of the Ingenol Class of Actinic Keratosis Drugs. ACS central science 54 29296668
2022 tRF-Val-CAC-016 modulates the transduction of CACNA1d-mediated MAPK signaling pathways to suppress the proliferation of gastric carcinoma. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 48 35590368
2024 tiRNA-Val-CAC-2 interacts with FUBP1 to promote pancreatic cancer metastasis by activating c‑MYC transcription. Oncogene 45 38443680
2015 Menaquinone-7 Supplementation to Reduce Vascular Calcification in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Rationale and Study Protocol (VitaK-CAC Trial). Nutrients 44 26516910
2021 Down-regulation of SLC25A20 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis through suppression of fatty-acid oxidation. Cell death & disease 40 33824298
2018 Metformin inhibited colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) through protecting mitochondrial structures of colorectal epithelial cells in mice. Cancer biology & therapy 39 30359174
2024 Autophagy in colitis-associated colon cancer: exploring its potential role in reducing initiation and preventing IBD-Related CAC development. Autophagy 36 37723664
2015 Structural basis underlying CAC RNA recognition by the RRM domain of dimeric RNA-binding protein RBPMS. Quarterly reviews of biophysics 33 26347403
2008 Cav2-type calcium channels encoded by cac regulate AP-independent neurotransmitter release at cholinergic synapses in adult Drosophila brain. Journal of neurophysiology 31 19004991
2012 Ablation of steroid receptor coactivator-3 resembles the human CACT metabolic myopathy. Cell metabolism 30 22560224
2009 Mouse carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) is transcriptionally regulated by PPARalpha and PPARdelta in liver cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta 29 19577614
1992 Dissecting (CAC)5/(GTG)5 multilocus fingerprints from man into individual locus-specific, hypervariable components. Genomics 28 1505989
2004 Response to therapy in carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency due to a novel missense mutation. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 27 15057979
1987 Bone and kidney adenylate cyclase-stimulating activity produced by a hypercalcemic canine adenocarcinoma line (CAC-8) maintained in nude mice. Cancer research 25 3467838
2018 The gain-of-function mutation E76K in SHP2 promotes CAC tumorigenesis and induces EMT via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Molecular carcinogenesis 24 29323748
2011 Expanded molecular features of carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency by comprehensive molecular analysis. Molecular genetics and metabolism 24 21605995
2022 T-Cell-Specific CerS4 Depletion Prolonged Inflammation and Enhanced Tumor Burden in the AOM/DSS-Induced CAC Model. International journal of molecular sciences 23 35163788
2019 Profiling of tRNA Halves and YRNA Fragments in Serum and Tissue From Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Identify Key Role of 5' tRNA-Val-CAC-2-1 Half. Frontiers in oncology 23 31616639
2013 Targeted deletion of Kif18a protects from colitis-associated colorectal (CAC) tumors in mice through impairing Akt phosphorylation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 23 23872115
2021 A LASSO-Derived Risk Model for Subclinical CAC Progression in Asian Population With an Initial Score of Zero. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine 22 33521068
2022 A 5`-tRNA Derived Fragment NamedtiRNA-Val-CAC-001 Works as a Suppressor in Gastric Cancer. Cancer management and research 21 35958946
1989 Separation of parathyroid hormone-like activity from transforming growth factor-alpha and -beta in the canine adenocarcinoma (CAC-8) model of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Endocrinology 21 2539981
2000 Identification of two novel mutations of the carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) gene in a patient with CACT deficiency. Journal of human genetics 20 10697964
2013 Three novel mutations in the carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) gene in patients with CACT deficiency and in healthy individuals. Journal of human genetics 18 24088670
1977 Relationship of contact activation cofactor (CAC) procoagulant activity to kininogen. Blood 18 67865
2022 A Toll-dependent Bre1/Rad6-cact feedback loop in controlling host innate immune response. Cell reports 17 36516751
2020 Coronary artery calcification scoring system based on the coronary artery calcium data and reporting system (CAC-DRS) predicts major adverse cardiovascular events or all-cause death in patients with potentially curable lung cancer without a history of cardiovascular disease. Heart and vessels 17 32444933
1998 Hemoglobin Old Dominion/Burton-upon-Trent, beta 143 (H21) His-->Tyr, codon 143 CAC-->TAC--a variant with altered oxygen affinity that compromises measurement of glycated hemoglobin in diabetes mellitus: structure, function, and DNA sequence. Mayo Clinic proceedings 17 9559035
1991 Oligonucleotide fingerprinting with (CAC)5: nonradioactive in-gel hybridization and isolation of individual hypervariable loci. Electrophoresis 17 2040261
2016 Synthesis of (R)-Configured 2'-Fluorinated mC, hmC, fC, and caC Phosphoramidites and Oligonucleotides. Organic letters 16 27541290
2009 Regulation of the human SLC25A20 expression by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in human hepatoblastoma cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 16 19748481
2022 Proline/Glycine residues of the PG-levels guide conformational changes along the transport cycle in the mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (SLC25A20). International journal of biological macromolecules 15 36122779
2021 Protective effect of Pai-Nong-San against AOM/DSS-induced CAC in mice through inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway. Chinese journal of natural medicines 15 34961589
2020 Inference from longitudinal laboratory tests characterizes temporal evolution of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC). eLife 15 32804081
2006 A novel SLC25A20 splicing mutation in patients of different ethnic origin with neonatally lethal carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency. Molecular genetics and metabolism 15 16919490
2025 NSUN2-tRNAVal-CAC-axis-regulated codon-biased translation drives triple-negative breast cancer glycolysis and progression. Cellular & molecular biology letters 14 40855521
2012 Selective production of 1,2-propylene glycol from Jerusalem artichoke tuber using Ni-W(2) C/AC catalysts. ChemSusChem 14 22407966
2021 Neonatal sudden death caused by a novel heterozygous mutation in SLC25A20 gene: A case report and brief literature review. Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 13 34784499
2021 Insight into the performance discrepancy of GAC and CAC as air-cathode materials in constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell system. The Science of the total environment 13 34863746
2020 Inactivation of Scrapie Prions by the Electrically Charged Disinfectant CAC-717. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 13 32635278
1994 Factor VII Mie: homozygous asymptomatic type I deficiency caused by an amino acid substitution of His (CAC) for Arg(247) (CGC) in the catalytic domain. Thrombosis and haemostasis 13 7974346
2022 Novel CFTR Activator Cact-3 Ameliorates Ocular Surface Dysfunctions in Scopolamine-Induced Dry Eye Mice. International journal of molecular sciences 12 35563597
2019 Natural CAC chemopreventive agents from Ilex rotunda Thunb. Journal of natural medicines 12 30758715
2003 Molecular characterization of G6PD Insuli--a novel 989 CGC --> CAC (330 Arg --> His) mutation in the Indian population. Blood cells, molecules & diseases 12 12737940
1994 Expression of (cac)n/(gtg)n simple repetitive sequences in mRNA of human lymphocytes. Human genetics 12 7505766
1994 (CAC)5 detects DNA fingerprints and sequences homologous to gene transcripts in rice. Biochemical genetics 12 8031291
2019 Isolation and characterization of CAC antenna proteins and photosystem I supercomplex from the cryptophytic alga Rhodomonas salina. Physiologia plantarum 11 30677144
2016 2'-(R)-Fluorinated mC, hmC, fC and caC triphosphates are substrates for DNA polymerases and TET-enzymes. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 11 27905578
2015 CAC score as a possible criterion for administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers: the MultiEthnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Coronary artery disease 11 26398149
2000 The silent PPARgamma exon 6 CAC(His) --> CAT(His) polymorphism does not affect the plasma leptin levels in a collective of first degree relatives of type 2 diabetes patients from South West Germany. Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association 11 10989952
1997 Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related protein receptor expression in nude mice with a transplantable canine apocrine adenocarcinoma (CAC-8) and humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy. The Journal of endocrinology 11 9135577
1993 Paternity testing with oligonucleotide multilocus probe (CAC)5/(GTG)5: a multicenter study. Forensic science international 11 8330804
1992 Characterization of hypervariable locus-specific probes derived from a (CAC)5/(GTG)5 multilocus fingerprint in various Eurasian populations. Human genetics 11 1427784
2023 In Silico Analysis of the Structural Dynamics and Substrate Recognition Determinants of the Human Mitochondrial Carnitine/Acylcarnitine SLC25A20 Transporter. International journal of molecular sciences 10 36835358
2023 Novel mechanism of the COVID-19 associated coagulopathy (CAC) and vascular thromboembolism. Npj viruses 10 38077924
2023 MDSC suppresses T cell antitumor immunity in CAC via GPNMB in a MyD88-dependent manner. Cancer medicine 10 38140790
2020 Late-Onset Carnitine-Acylcarnitine Translocase Deficiency With SLC25A20 c.199-10T>G Variation: Case Report and Pathologic Analysis of Liver Biopsy. Frontiers in pediatrics 10 33194920
2002 Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and its analogues (EB1089 and analog V) on canine adenocarcinoma (CAC-8) in nude mice. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 10 12033506
2000 A newly characterized human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line (CAC-1) differentiates in response to retinoic acid treatment. Experimental and molecular pathology 10 11115359
2019 Mouse Model of Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer (CAC): Isolation and Characterization of Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid Cells. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 9 30465204
2020 A novel homozygous missense SLC25A20 mutation in three CACT-deficient patients: clinical and autopsy data. Human genome variation 8 32337051
1991 Routine applications of DNA fingerprinting with the oligonucleotide probe (CAC)5/(GTG)5. Clinical genetics 8 1849805
2020 Energy transfer pathways in the CAC light-harvesting complex of Rhodomonas salina. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Bioenergetics 7 32717221
2007 Redefining the structure-activity relationships of 2,6-methano-3-benzazocines. 5. Opioid receptor binding properties of N-((4'-phenyl)-phenethyl) analogues of 8-CAC. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 7 17935988
1991 Organization and transcription of canine (CAC)n sequences. The Journal of heredity 7 2061597
2024 Investigation of cell-accelerated corrosion (CAC) on the CoCrMo alloy with segregation banding: Hip implant applications. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 6 38387118
2022 One potential hotspot SLC25A20 gene variants in Chinese patients with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency. Frontiers in pediatrics 6 36419912
2018 [Analysis of four carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency cases caused by homozygous mutation of SLC25A20 c.199-10T> G]. Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatrics 6 29996190
2015 An indoxyl compound 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl 1,3-diacetate, CAC-0982, suppresses activation of Fyn kinase in mast cells and IgE-mediated allergic responses in mice. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 6 25902337
2025 Loss of SLC25A20 in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Reversed the Tumor-Promoting Effects of a High-Fat Diet. Theranostics 5 40521210
2023 Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency caused by SLC25A20 gene heterozygous variants in twins: a case report. The Journal of international medical research 5 37115522
2016 FIRST IDENTIFICATION OF HEMOGLOBIN LANSINGRAMATHIBODI [α87(F8)His → Gln; CAC>CAG (HBA1: c.264C>G)] IN A THAI FAMILY WITH SPURIOUS HYPOXEMIA. The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health 5 29620819
2012 Redefining the structure-activity relationships of 2,6-methano-3-benzazocines. Part 8. High affinity ligands for opioid receptors in the picomolar Ki range: oxygenated N-(2-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-ylethyl) analogues of 8-CAC. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 5 23142613
1998 DNA sequence analysis proves Hb M-Milwaukee-2 is due to beta-globin gene codon 92 (CAC-->TAC), the presumed mutation of Hb M-Hyde Park and Hb M-Akita. Hemoglobin 5 9494043
2024 Insights into Transient Dimerisation of Carnitine/Acylcarnitine Carrier (SLC25A20) from Sarkosyl/PAGE, Cross-Linking Reagents, and Comparative Modelling Analysis. Biomolecules 4 39334924
2013 Redefining the structure-activity relationships of 2,6-methano-3-benzazocines. Part 9: Synthesis, characterization and molecular modeling of pyridinyl isosteres of N-BPE-8-CAC (1), a high affinity ligand for opioid receptors. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 4 23434225
1998 Cloning and characterization of a cDNA fragment coding beta-casein-like protein preferentially expressed in cervical adenocarcinoma cell line CAC-1. Cancer letters 4 9500206
1996 CAC--the neglected repeat. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 4 8867738
1995 Polymorphic CAC/T repetitive sequences in the pig genome 1. Animal genetics 4 7486250
1991 Determining consanguinity by oligonucleotide fingerprinting with (GTG)5/(CAC)5. Electrophoresis 4 1889388
2025 tRF-1:28-Val-CAC-2 promotes the development of nasopharyngeal cancer by targeting EPHB2. Frontiers in oncology 3 40485734
2024 Loss-of-function SLC25A20 variant causes carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency by reducing SLC25A20 protein stability. Gene 3 39732347
2022 Implementation of a decentralized hepatitis C care pathway for people who use drugs in Dutch addiction care. Study protocol for the Hepatitis C: chain of addiction care (CAC) project. Addiction science & clinical practice 3 36451175
2020 Circulating angiogenic cells in glioblastoma: toward defining crucial functional differences in CAC-induced neoplastic versus reactive neovascularization. Neuro-oncology advances 3 32642695
1991 Individual-specific DNA fingerprinting in man using the oligonucleotide probe (GTG)5/(CAC)5. European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies 3 1680007
2025 Ligilactobacillus salivarius LZZAY01 accelerated autophagy and apoptosis in colon cancer cells and improved gut microbiota in CAC mice. Microbiology spectrum 2 39792005
2024 Tropomyosin 2 Regulates Tumor Cell Proliferation, Immune Suppression, and Activation of the JNK Signaling Pathway in Colitis-Associated Cancer (CAC). Discovery medicine 2 38665026
2024 The role of tRF-Val-CAC-010 in lung adenocarcinoma: implications for tumorigenesis and metastasis. BMC cancer 2 39169309
2024 EPA and DHA Enhance CACT Promoter Activity by GABP/NRF2. International journal of molecular sciences 2 39201781
2024 Genetically predicted HLA-DR+ natural killer cells as potential mediators in the lipid-coronary artery disease/ calcification (CAD/CAC) causal pathway. Frontiers in immunology 2 39267738
2024 Exploring the mechanism of tiRNA-Val-CAC-002 in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. Journal of oral biosciences 2 39571899
2024 Homozygous slc25a20 zebrafish mutant reveals insights into carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency pathogenesis. Molecular genetics and metabolism reports 2 39650084
2023 The Mycotoxin Patulin Inhibits the Mitochondrial Carnitine/Acylcarnitine Carrier (SLC25A20) by Interaction with Cys136 Implications for Human Health. International journal of molecular sciences 2 36768549
2019 Association of the MUTYH Gln324His (CAG/CAC) variant with cervical carcinoma and HR-HPV infection in a Chinese population. Medicine 2 31027119
2014 Hereditary and histologic characteristics of the CF1/b cac mouse cataract model. Comparative medicine 2 25402176
1995 Oligonucleotide (CAC)5 fingerprinting: validity and reliability in paternity testing. Electrophoresis 2 8582345

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