Affinage

SLC15A4

Solute carrier family 15 member 4 · UniProt Q8N697

Length
577 aa
Mass
62.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
64 papers in source corpus 19 papers cited in narrative 19 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/7 claims corpus-supported (86%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

SLC15A4 (PHT1) is an endolysosomal proton-coupled transporter of histidine and di/tripeptides that has been co-opted as a central organizing node for nucleic acid-sensing innate immunity in immune cells (PMID:25238095, PMID:33560415, PMID:23888104). It resides constitutively in LAMP1+ endolysosomal compartments and its transport activity moves histidine and oligopeptides from the lysosomal lumen to the cytosol, with bona fide substrates including histidine, Gly-Sar, dipeptides, and carnosine (PMID:33560415, PMID:31073693, PMID:23888104); this transport supports endolysosomal pH and v-ATPase integrity and sustains mTORC1 activity through constitutive association with Raptor and the LAMTORs (PMID:25238095, PMID:33560415, PMID:38317862). Beyond transport, SLC15A4 acts as a conformation-dependent scaffold: cryo-EM structures show that switching from an outward-facing to an inward-facing state creates a central cavity into which the N-terminal helix of the innate immune adaptor TASL inserts, an interaction SLC15A4 mediates but its paralog SLC15A3 does not (PMID:37863913, PMID:37709742, PMID:39719710). Recruited TASL then activates IRF5 via its pLxIS motif to drive type I interferon production downstream of endolysosomal TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9, while leaving NF-κB and MAPK signaling intact (PMID:32433612). SLC15A4 is also required for trafficking nucleic-acid-sensing TLRs and ligands into the LAMP2+VAMP3+ hybrid compartment where IFN-I is initiated, a function dependent on the AP-3 complex (PMID:21045126, PMID:35349343). Through its control of mTORC1/AMPK signaling SLC15A4 governs M1-prone metabolic reprogramming in macrophages and, via the mTORC1-TFEB axis, mast cell secretory-granule homeostasis (PMID:34385317, PMID:29155995). Conformation-selective inhibitors, antibodies, and a lupus-risk enhancer variant link SLC15A4 expression and conformational state directly to TLR-driven inflammation and disease (PMID:37863876, PMID:38191941, PMID:40781080, PMID:38317862).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 9 steps
  1. 2010 High

    Establishing that a transporter-class protein was selectively required for endosomal TLR signaling answered whether nucleic-acid-sensing innate immunity depends on dedicated membrane-trafficking machinery.

    Evidence Forward ENU genetic screen, positional cloning of the feeble mutation, and epistasis with AP-3/BLOC mutants in pDCs vs cDCs

    PMID:21045126

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular function of SLC15A4 protein not yet defined
    • Mechanism linking trafficking pathway to TLR signaling unresolved
  2. 2014 High

    Defining SLC15A4 as a proton-coupled lysosomal histidine/oligopeptide transporter whose activity is required for IFN-I production connected its biochemical function to endolysosomal pH, v-ATPase integrity, and the mTOR-IRF7 circuit.

    Evidence Slc15a4 KO mice, transporter-dead rescue mutagenesis, endolysosomal pH measurement, mTOR assays, and a mouse lupus model; complemented by a B cell/cDC class-switch phenotype

    PMID:25238095 PMID:25310967

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular partner mediating IFN-I output not yet identified
    • How transport activity couples to pH regulation mechanistically unresolved
  3. 2016 Medium

    Quantifying brain L-histidine uptake in null mice tested whether SLC15A4 functions as a physiological histidine transporter outside the immune system.

    Evidence Brain slice uptake assays and in vivo pharmacokinetics in Pht1-null vs wildtype mice with transporter expression profiling

    PMID:27845049

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Physiological consequence of reduced brain histidine uptake not established
    • Compensatory Pept2 upregulation complicates interpretation
  4. 2018 High

    Showing endosomal SLC15A4 enhances NOD responses to bacterial muramyl dipeptide extended its substrate role to transporting pathogen-derived peptides into the cytosol.

    Evidence Fluorescent MDP imaging for localization and cytokine assays in Pht1 KO mice

    PMID:29784761

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transport of MDP not biochemically demonstrated
    • Relationship to TLR/IRF5 arm not addressed
  5. 2020 High

    Identifying the SLC15A4-TASL interaction and TASL's pLxIS-dependent IRF5 activation resolved how SLC15A4 mechanistically drives IFN-I selectively, without engaging NF-κB or MAPK.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, extensive TASL mutagenesis, genetic deletion of SLC15A4 or TASL in primary and transformed human immune cells, and IFN reporter assays

    PMID:32433612

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of recruitment not yet resolved
    • Whether transport and scaffolding are coupled unclear
  6. 2021 High

    Linking SLC15A4 to constitutive Raptor/LAMTOR association and to macrophage metabolic reprogramming defined its role as an mTORC1/AMPK-regulating hub controlling inflammatory metabolism.

    Evidence Transport assays, co-IP with Raptor/LAMTORs and shRNA knockdown in CAL-1 (human pDC line); separately BioID proximity mapping, 13C fluxome analysis, and AMPK/mTOR phosphorylation assays in KO macrophages

    PMID:33560415 PMID:34385317

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether mTORC1 regulation depends on transport activity or scaffolding not separated
    • Direct vs indirect proximity to AMPK/mTOR unresolved
  7. 2023 High

    Cryo-EM structures of apo, substrate-bound, TASL-bound, and inhibitor-bound SLC15A4 established that an outward-to-inward conformational switch creates the TASL-binding cavity, explaining paralog-selective recruitment and providing a druggable mechanism.

    Evidence Cryo-EM structure determination in multiple conformational states including TASL and feeblin complexes, plus biochemical binding and a TASL-degradation phenotypic screen with patient-derived cells

    PMID:37709742 PMID:37863876 PMID:37863913 PMID:39719710

    Open questions at the time
    • Dynamics of the conformational switch in situ not measured
    • Coupling between substrate translocation cycle and TASL release not fully defined
  8. 2024 High

    First-in-class chemoproteomic inhibitors that disrupt SLC15A4 transporter function and suppress TLR7-9/NOD signaling in vivo validated SLC15A4 as a tractable anti-inflammatory drug target.

    Evidence Activity-based protein profiling, functional cytokine assays in human and mouse immune cells, target engagement assays, and in vivo inflammation models

    PMID:38191941

    Open questions at the time
    • Selectivity over related transporters in vivo not fully mapped
    • Therapeutic window not established
  9. 2025 Medium

    Conformation-selective antibodies and a lupus-risk enhancer variant tied SLC15A4 conformational state and expression level directly to TASL recruitment and endolysosomal pH dysregulation in disease.

    Evidence Conformation-selective antibody screening with TLR pathway assays; separately luciferase/ChIP/3C/CRISPR KO in HL60 cells with pH readout

    PMID:38317862 PMID:40781080

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab for each finding
    • Causal contribution of the variant to human lupus in patients not established

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved whether SLC15A4's transport cycle and its TASL-scaffolding function are mechanistically coupled or independent activities, and how substrate flux directly shapes the conformational equilibrium that gates TASL recruitment.
  • No experiment separates transport-dependent from scaffold-dependent IFN-I output
  • Real-time link between substrate translocation and conformational gating unmeasured

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005215 transporter activity 6 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 4 GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity 3
Localization
GO:0005764 lysosome 3 GO:0005768 endosome 2
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 5 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules 3 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 2
Partners
IRF5RPTORTASL

Evidence

Reading pass · 19 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2020 SLC15A4 physically interacts with TASL (encoded by CXorf21) on the endolysosome; TASL localization and function depend on this interaction. Loss of either SLC15A4 or TASL specifically abrogates IRF5 pathway activation downstream of TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 without affecting NF-κB or MAPK signaling. TASL contains a conserved pLxIS motif that recruits and activates IRF5. Co-immunoprecipitation, extensive mutagenesis of TASL, genetic deletion of SLC15A4 or TASL in primary and transformed human immune cells, cytokine/IFN reporter assays Nature High 32433612
2010 A loss-of-function mutation in Slc15a4 (feeble) abolishes both TLR7- and TLR9-induced type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokine production specifically in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), while leaving TLR responses intact in conventional dendritic cells. Slc15a4 was identified as part of a membrane-trafficking pathway (together with AP-3, BLOC-1, and BLOC-2 Hermansky-Pudlak proteins) uniquely required for endosomal TLR signaling in pDCs. Forward genetic ENU screen, positional cloning of feeble mutation, cytokine assays in pDCs vs. cDCs from mutant mice, genetic epistasis with AP-3/BLOC knockout mice Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 21045126
2014 SLC15A4 is a lysosome-resident proton-coupled transporter that moves histidine and oligopeptides from the lysosomal lumen to the cytosol. Its transporter activity is required for TLR7/9-triggered IFN-I production in B cells. SLC15A4 loss disrupts endolysosomal pH regulation and v-ATPase integrity, leading to failure of the mTOR pathway and consequently the IRF7-IFN-I regulatory circuit. Genetic deletion of Slc15a4 in mice, transporter-activity rescue experiments with transporter-dead mutants, endolysosomal pH measurements, mTOR pathway biochemical assays, mouse lupus model Immunity High 25238095
2022 SLC15A4 is required for trafficking and colocalization of nucleic acid-sensing TLRs and their ligands to endolysosomes, and for formation of the LAMP2+VAMP3+ hybrid compartment where IFN-I production is initiated. SLC15A4's endolysosomal trafficking and function depend on the AP-3 complex. SLC15A4, but not its homolog SLC15A3, is required for TLR-driven IFN-I production in pDCs. Live-cell imaging of TLR/ligand trafficking, genetic deletion of SLC15A4 vs. SLC15A3 in mice, AP-3 complex requirement tested by genetics, confocal colocalization assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 35349343
2023 Cryo-EM structures of human SLC15A4 reveal apo monomeric and dimeric outward-facing conformations and a TASL-bound complex. In the TASL-bound state, SLC15A4 undergoes a conformational change from outward-facing to inward-facing, forming a binding pocket into which the N-terminal helix of TASL inserts. The dimeric apo form has an extensive interface involving four cholesterol molecules. Cryo-EM structure determination of apo and TASL-bound SLC15A4 Nature communications High 37863913
2023 The small molecule feeblin binds SLC15A4 in a lysosomal outward-open conformation that is incompatible with TASL binding on the cytoplasmic side. Feeblin binding leads to proteostatic degradation of TASL, thereby inhibiting TLR7/8-IRF5 signaling. Cryo-EM structure of feeblin-bound SLC15A4 defines the inhibitor-binding site. Phenotypic screen for TASL degradation, cryo-EM structure of feeblin-SLC15A4 complex, cytokine/IFN assays in human immune cells from SLE patients Nature communications High 37863876
2023 Cryo-EM structure of SLC15A4 (PHT1) in an outward-open conformation, combined with biochemical and structural modeling, shows that the first 16 N-terminal TASL residues fold into a helical structure that binds in the central cavity of the inward-open conformation of SLC15A4. Cryo-EM structure determination, biochemical binding assays, structural modeling of SLC15A4-TASL complex Nature communications High 37709742
2024 Cryo-EM structures of SLC15A3 (apo) and SLC15A4 (apo and substrate-bound, and TASL-bound) reveal the specific dipeptide recognition mechanism. Both protomers adopt outward-facing conformations in the apo state. The N-terminal region of TASL forms a helical structure that inserts into the inward-facing cavity of SLC15A4, providing the structural basis for selective TASL recruitment by SLC15A4 but not SLC15A3. Cryo-EM structure determination of SLC15A3 and SLC15A4 in multiple states including substrate-bound and TASL-bound Structure (London, England : 1993) High 39719710
2021 SLC15A4 is required for M1-prone metabolic shifts in macrophages after TLR9 stimulation. SLC15A4 loss causes insufficient pyruvate biotransformation to the TCA cycle while increasing glutaminolysis. SLC15A4 is in close proximity to AMPK and mTOR (by proximity-dependent biotin identification), and SLC15A4 deficiency impairs TLR-mediated AMPK activation. SLC15A4 also acts as a gatekeeper that limits glutamine use to protect macrophages from metabolic stress. Proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID), fluxome (13C metabolic flux) analysis, AMPK/mTOR phosphorylation assays, SLC15A4 KO macrophages Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 34385317
2021 Human SLC15A4 possesses pH- and temperature-dependent transport activity for dipeptides and tripeptides. It localizes constitutively to LAMP1+ endolysosomal compartments and associates constitutively with Raptor and LAMTORs. SLC15A4 knockdown in human pDC line CAL-1 impairs TLR7/8- and TLR9-triggered IFN-I production and mTORC1 activity. SLC15A4 is required for autophagy sustainability but not induction, and is critical for mitochondrial membrane potential under starvation. Transport assays in cells, immunofluorescence/co-IP with Raptor and LAMTORs, shRNA knockdown in CAL-1, IFN-I ELISA, mTORC1 assays, autophagy flux assay, mitochondrial membrane potential assay International immunology High 33560415
2017 SLC15A4 is required for mast cell secretory-granule homeostasis. In Slc15a4-/- mast cells, reduced mTORC1 activity increases TFEB expression and nuclear translocation, causing secretory granules to degranulate more potently and enhancing FcεRI-mediated and IL-33-triggered inflammatory responses both in vitro and in vivo. Slc15a4 KO mice, mast cell granule analysis by electron microscopy and degranulation assays, mTORC1 and TFEB activity assays, FcεRI crosslinking assays International immunology High 29155995
2018 PHT1 (SLC15A4) is expressed on endosomal membranes of macrophages (whereas PEPT2 is on the plasma membrane). PHT1 KO in mice reduces cytokine responses to bacterially derived peptide ligands (muramyl dipeptide), implicating PHT1 in transporting bacterial peptides to the cytosol to enhance NOD-dependent innate immune responses. Fluorescent MDP-rhodamine imaging for subcellular localization, Pht1 KO mice, cytokine production assays after bacterial peptide stimulation Journal of immunology High 29784761
2024 Chemoproteomics identified first-in-class functional inhibitors of SLC15A4 that suppress SLC15A4-mediated endolysosomal TLR7-9 and NOD signaling in human and mouse immune cells, suppress inflammation in vivo, and show activity in clinical settings. Mechanistic studies indicate inhibitor binding to SLC15A4 disrupts its transporter function. Chemical proteomics (activity-based protein profiling), functional TLR/NOD cytokine assays, in vivo mouse models, SLC15A4 target engagement assays Nature chemical biology High 38191941
2016 PHT1 (SLC15A4) plays an important role in L-histidine transport in brain parenchyma. Pht1 null mice show 28–48% lower L-His uptake in brain parenchyma after intravenous administration. PHT1 ablation leads to compensatory ~2-fold upregulation of Pept2 in brain regions. In vitro brain slice uptake assays, in vivo pharmacokinetic biodistribution in Pht1 null vs. wildtype mice, immunoblot and PCR for transporter expression Biochemical pharmacology Medium 27845049
2014 Slc15a4 is required for intact class switch recombination to IgG2c in response to TLR9 stimulation. Splenic cDCs and B cells from feeble (Slc15a4-deficient) mice are defective in TLR9 ligation responses ex vivo, indicating a cell-intrinsic role beyond pDCs. Vaccination of feeble mice with CpG-adjuvanted antigens, ex vivo TLR9 stimulation of cDCs and B cells, isotype ELISA Immunology and cell biology Medium 25310967
2019 PHT1 (SLC15A4) mediates uptake of carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) in glioblastoma cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of PHT1 significantly reduces carnosine uptake, and L-histidine (a PHT1/2 inhibitor) competitively inhibits uptake. siRNA knockdown of PHT1 in glioblastoma cell lines, HPLC-MS uptake assays with competitive inhibitors Amino acids Medium 31073693
2011 Human PHT1 (SLC15A4) mediates proton-dependent, concentration- and time-dependent uptake of histidine and Gly-Sar in stably transfected COS-7 cells, with mixed-uptake kinetics. Gly-Sar is a substrate based on efflux from hPHT1-COS-7 cells. Stable transfection of hPHT1 in COS-7 cells, uptake kinetic assays with radiolabeled or fluorescent substrates Revista mexicana de ciencias farmaceutica Medium 23888104
2025 Two conformation-selective antibodies against human SLC15A4 were identified: clone 107 selectively binds SLC15A4 in a TASL binding-incompatible luminal-open state, whereas clone 235 stabilizes SLC15A4 in a TASL binding-competent cytoplasmic-open state, confirming that SLC15A4 function in TASL recruitment is conformation-dependent. Systematic antibody screening and validation, conformation-selective binding assays, functional TLR7/8/9 pathway assays Nature communications Medium 40781080
2023 A non-coding intronic variant (rs35907548) in SLC15A4 acts as an allele-specific enhancer; the risk allele T increases SLC15A4 regulatory activity and expression. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of the locus dysregulates endolysosomal pH, directly linking SLC15A4 expression level to endolysosomal pH regulation. Luciferase reporter assay, ChIP-qPCR, 3C-qPCR chromatin conformation capture, CRISPR/Cas9 KO in HL60 cells, endolysosomal pH measurement Frontiers in lupus Medium 38317862

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 64 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2020 TASL is the SLC15A4-associated adaptor for IRF5 activation by TLR7-9. Nature 178 32433612
2010 Slc15a4, AP-3, and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome proteins are required for Toll-like receptor signaling in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 166 21045126
2014 The histidine transporter SLC15A4 coordinates mTOR-dependent inflammatory responses and pathogenic antibody production. Immunity 133 25238095
2003 Characterization of two phosphate transporters from barley; evidence for diverse function and kinetic properties among members of the Pht1 family. Plant molecular biology 111 14756304
2013 Essential requirement for IRF8 and SLC15A4 implicates plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of lupus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110 23382217
2015 A member of the Phosphate transporter 1 (Pht1) family from the arsenic-hyperaccumulating fern Pteris vittata is a high-affinity arsenate transporter. The New phytologist 101 26010225
2004 Promoter analysis of the barley Pht1;1 phosphate transporter gene identifies regions controlling root expression and responsiveness to phosphate deprivation. Plant physiology 91 15542491
2015 Plant phosphorus acquisition in a common mycorrhizal network: regulation of phosphate transporter genes of the Pht1 family in sorghum and flax. The New phytologist 83 25615409
2014 Genome-wide investigation and expression analysis suggest diverse roles and genetic redundancy of Pht1 family genes in response to Pi deficiency in tomato. BMC plant biology 82 24618087
2013 Functional analysis of the novel mycorrhiza-specific phosphate transporter AsPT1 and PHT1 family from Astragalus sinicus during the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. The New phytologist 81 23442117
1988 Legless, a novel mutation found in PHT1-1 transgenic mice. Science (New York, N.Y.) 73 3406741
2008 Closely related members of the Medicago truncatula PHT1 phosphate transporter gene family encode phosphate transporters with distinct biochemical activities. The Journal of biological chemistry 67 18596039
2012 Functional characterization of 14 Pht1 family genes in yeast and their expressions in response to nutrient starvation in soybean. PloS one 63 23133521
2014 Phosphate concentration and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation influence the growth, yield and expression of twelve PHT1 family phosphate transporters in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). PloS one 57 25251671
2017 Genome-wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of PHT1 Phosphate Transporters in Wheat. Frontiers in plant science 49 28443126
2018 SLC15A2 and SLC15A4 Mediate the Transport of Bacterially Derived Di/Tripeptides To Enhance the Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Dependent Immune Response in Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 48 29784761
2020 Spatial Divergence of PHR-PHT1 Modules Maintains Phosphorus Homeostasis in Soybean Nodules. Plant physiology 46 32680974
2013 Expression of the peptide transporters PepT1, PepT2, and PHT1 in the embryonic and posthatch chick. Poultry science 45 23571341
2021 SLC15A4 mediates M1-prone metabolic shifts in macrophages and guards immune cells from metabolic stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 38 34385317
2012 Slc15a4, a gene required for pDC sensing of TLR ligands, is required to control persistent viral infection. PLoS pathogens 37 23028315
2021 Human SLC15A4 is crucial for TLR-mediated type I interferon production and mitochondrial integrity. International immunology 36 33560415
2017 Functional characterization of the PHT1 family transporters of foxtail millet with development of a novel Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure. Scientific reports 33 29070807
2013 Variants in TNFSF4, TNFAIP3, TNIP1, BLK, SLC15A4 and UBE2L3 interact to confer risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese population. Rheumatology international 32 24091983
2017 Lysosome biogenesis regulated by the amino-acid transporter SLC15A4 is critical for functional integrity of mast cells. International immunology 31 29155995
2022 The solute carrier SLC15A4 is required for optimal trafficking of nucleic acid-sensing TLRs and ligands to endolysosomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 30 35349343
2023 A conformation-locking inhibitor of SLC15A4 with TASL proteostatic anti-inflammatory activity. Nature communications 28 37863876
2019 The proton-coupled oligopeptide transporters PEPT2, PHT1 and PHT2 mediate the uptake of carnosine in glioblastoma cells. Amino acids 28 31073693
2011 Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of two members of the Pht1 family of phosphate transporters in Glycine max. PloS one 27 21698287
2024 Chemoproteomic development of SLC15A4 inhibitors with anti-inflammatory activity. Nature chemical biology 26 38191941
2023 Structural basis for recruitment of TASL by SLC15A4 in human endolysosomal TLR signaling. Nature communications 25 37863913
2021 The peptide symporter SLC15a4 is essential for the development of systemic lupus erythematosus in murine models. PloS one 25 33444326
2019 Integrative Analysis of the Wheat PHT1 Gene Family Reveals A Novel Member Involved in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Phosphate Transport and Immunity. Cells 24 31121904
2014 Divergent developmental expression and function of the proton-coupled oligopeptide transporters PepT2 and PhT1 in regional brain slices of mouse and rat. Journal of neurochemistry 24 24548120
2023 Wheat PHT1;9 acts as one candidate arsenate absorption transporter for phytoremediation. Journal of hazardous materials 23 36940527
2017 Identification and expression profiling of Pht1 phosphate transporters in wheat in controlled environments and in the field. Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany) 22 29148171
2017 Identification of SLC20A1 and SLC15A4 among other genes as potential risk factors for combined pituitary hormone deficiency. Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 20 29261175
2022 miR-31-5p Regulates Type I Interferon by Targeting SLC15A4 in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Journal of inflammation research 18 36510495
2020 Expression of PHT1 family transporter genes contributes for low phosphate stress tolerance in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) genotypes. Planta 17 33159589
2019 Phosphate supply influenced the growth, yield and expression of PHT1 family phosphate transporters in seven millets. Planta 17 31300887
2014 Slc15a4 function is required for intact class switch recombination to IgG2c in response to TLR9 stimulation. Immunology and cell biology 17 25310967
2016 The conservation of phosphate-binding residues among PHT1 transporters suggests that distinct transport affinities are unlikely to result from differences in the phosphate-binding site. Biochemical Society transactions 14 27911737
2023 Molecular basis of TASL recruitment by the peptide/histidine transporter 1, PHT1. Nature communications 13 37709742
2021 The Caenorhabditis elegans Patched domain protein PTR-4 is required for proper organization of the precuticular apical extracellular matrix. Genetics 13 34740248
2016 Association Study Between SLC15A4 Polymorphisms and Haplotypes and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Han Chinese Population. Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers 13 27362648
2016 A novel role for PHT1 in the disposition of l-histidine in brain: In vitro slice and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in wildtype and Pht1 null mice. Biochemical pharmacology 12 27845049
2018 A requirement for slc15a4 in imiquimod-induced systemic inflammation and psoriasiform inflammation in mice. Scientific reports 11 30262916
2021 The enhanced phosphorus use efficiency in phosphate-deficient and mycorrhiza-inoculated barley seedlings involves activation of different sets of PHT1 transporters in roots. Planta 10 34312721
2019 Expression analysis and functional characterization of two PHT1 family phosphate transporters in ryegrass. Planta 8 31776735
2023 Isolation and Characterization of Erianthus arundinaceus Phosphate Transporter 1 (PHT1) Gene Promoter and 5' Deletion Analysis of Transcriptional Regulation Regions under Phosphate Stress in Transgenic Tobacco. Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 7 37960116
2022 Identification of SLC15A4/PHT1 Gene Products Upregulation Marking the Intestinal Epithelial Monolayer of Ulcerative Colitis Patients. International journal of molecular sciences 7 36361959
2024 PHT1;5 Repressed by ANT Mediates Pi Acquisition and Distribution under Low Pi and Salinity in Salt Cress. Plant & cell physiology 6 37758243
2022 A Eucalyptus Pht1 Family Gene EgPT8 Is Essential for Arbuscule Elongation of Rhizophagus irregularis. Microbiology spectrum 6 36227088
2011 THE EVALUATION OF PEPTIDE/HISTIDINE TRANSPORTER 1 (PHT1) FUNCTION: UPTAKE KINETICS UTILIZING A COS-7 STABLY TRANSFECTED CELL LINE. Revista mexicana de ciencias farmaceutica 6 23888104
2020 Expression dynamics of solute carrier family 15 member 4 (SLC15A4) and its potential regulatory role in ovarian development of the Indian white shrimp, Penaeus indicus. Molecular biology reports 5 32363413
2023 A Non-Coding Variant in SLC15A4 Modulates Enhancer Activity and Lysosomal Deacidification Linked to Lupus Susceptibility. Frontiers in lupus 4 38317862
2022 Whole exome sequencing identifies novel germline variants of SLC15A4 gene as potentially cancer predisposing in familial colorectal cancer. Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG 4 35562597
2024 Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the PHT1 Gene Family and Its Response to Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Salvia miltiorrhiza under Phosphate Stress. Genes 3 38790218
2024 Identification and expression analysis of Phosphate Transporter 1 (PHT1) genes in the highly phosphorus-use-efficient Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae). Plant, cell & environment 2 39136390
2022 Systematic Identification and Expression Analysis of the Sorghum Pht1 Gene Family Reveals Several New Members Encoding High-Affinity Phosphate Transporters. International journal of molecular sciences 2 36430345
2020 Function and application of the Eutrema salsugineum PHT1;1 gene in phosphate deficiency stress. Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany) 2 32779343
2025 Functional Characterization of Acer Truncatum PHT1 Family Phosphate Transporter Genes and Their Involvement in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Physiologia plantarum 1 40556045
2023 A Non-Coding Variant in SLC15A4 Modulates Enhancer Activity and Lysosomal Deacidification Linked to Lupus Susceptibility. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 1 37546883
2025 Development of conformation-selective antibodies targeting human SLC15A4. Nature communications 0 40781080
2024 The structures of the peptide transporters SLC15A3 and SLC15A4 reveal the recognition mechanisms for substrate and TASL. Structure (London, England : 1993) 0 39719710

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