| 1995 |
LNK (Lnk) becomes tyrosine phosphorylated upon T-cell receptor and CD4 crosslinking, and co-immunoprecipitates with phospholipase C-γ1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and Grb2 in activated T lymphocytes, linking TCR activation signals to these downstream pathways. |
Co-immunoprecipitation from activated T lymphocytes |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Medium |
8524815
|
| 1997 |
Mouse Lnk is tyrosine phosphorylated during T cell activation, but transgenic overexpression in thymocytes demonstrated it plays no limiting role in TCR signaling, suggesting Lnk participates in signaling from receptors other than antigen receptors. |
Transgenic mouse overexpression, T cell activation assays |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
9169414
|
| 2000 |
Human LNK is localized at the juxtanuclear compartment and plasma membrane; it is tyrosine phosphorylated by p56lck, which then binds to phospho-LNK through its SH2 domain; LNK associates with tyrosine-phosphorylated TCR zeta-chain via its SH2 domain; overexpression of LNK in Jurkat cells inhibits anti-CD3-mediated NF-AT activation. |
Confocal fluorescence microscopy (GFP fusion), co-immunoprecipitation in COS cells, NF-AT luciferase reporter assay in Jurkat cells |
Journal of immunology |
Medium |
10799879
|
| 2000 |
LNK deficiency in mice causes expansion of B lineage cells and hypersensitivity of pro-B cell precursors to SCF (c-Kit ligand), establishing LNK as a negative regulator of B cell production downstream of c-Kit signaling. |
Lnk knockout mouse generation, bone marrow analysis, B cell precursor culture with SCF |
Immunity |
High |
11114373
|
| 2000 |
Human LNK binds to the C-terminal segment (repeats 19-23C, residues 2006-2454) of actin-binding protein ABP-280 (filamin A) via a 56-amino acid interdomain region between its PH and SH2 domains; this interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins in Jurkat cells and co-localization at plasma membrane and juxtanuclear region. |
Yeast two-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation, confocal immunofluorescence |
Molecular immunology |
Medium |
11163396
|
| 2002 |
Lnk-deficient mice display expanded hematopoietic progenitors with hypersensitivity to multiple cytokines including IL-3, IL-7, and stem cell factor, and Lnk inactivation causes abnormal modulation of IL-3 and SCF-mediated signaling pathways; Lnk is highly expressed in multipotent cells and committed erythroid, megakaryocyte, and myeloid precursors. |
Lnk knockout mouse generation, in vitro proliferation assays, cytokine signaling (Western blot), expression profiling |
The Journal of experimental medicine |
High |
12070287
|
| 2002 |
Lnk is phosphorylated by and associates with c-Kit following SCF stimulation; Lnk deficiency enhances c-Kit-mediated signaling and selectively inhibits phosphorylation of Gab2 and activation of the MAPK cascade downstream of c-Kit. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, Western blot signaling analysis in Lnk-/- hematopoietic progenitors |
The Journal of experimental medicine |
Medium |
11805142
|
| 2004 |
Lnk overexpression negatively regulates Tpo-mediated megakaryocyte proliferation and endomitosis; Lnk deficiency causes enhanced STAT3, STAT5, Akt, and MAPK signaling in response to Tpo; the SH2 domain of Lnk is essential for its inhibitory function, whereas the conserved C-terminal tyrosine is dispensable and the PH domain contributes but is not essential. |
Lnk overexpression and knockout in hematopoietic cell lines and primary cells, Western blot signaling analysis, domain mutant analysis |
The Journal of experimental medicine |
High |
15337790
|
| 2005 |
Lnk negatively modulates EpoR signaling by attenuating JAK2 activation; wild-type Lnk becomes tyrosine phosphorylated following Epo administration and inhibits EpoR phosphorylation; the Lnk SH2 domain is essential for inhibitory function, blocking STAT5, Akt, and MAPK pathways in primary erythroblasts; the conserved C-terminal tyrosine and PH domain are not critical for this inhibition. |
Lnk overexpression in 32D/EpoR cells and primary fetal liver erythroblasts, Western blot for JAK2/EpoR/STAT5/Akt/MAPK phosphorylation, SH2 domain mutant analysis |
Blood |
High |
15705783
|
| 2006 |
Lnk regulates postnatal HSC expansion antagonistically to thrombopoietin; Lnk-/- HSCs display enhanced THPO responsiveness and their postnatal expansion is completely dependent on THPO, as Lnk-/-Thpo-/- double knockout mice have 65-fold fewer LT-HSCs than Lnk-/- mice. |
Genetic double knockout (Lnk-/-Thpo-/-), HSC quantification, competitive repopulation |
Genes & development |
High |
16882979
|
| 2006 |
In endothelial cells, Lnk down-regulates TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression by activating PI3K/Akt signaling and inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation, without affecting NF-κB p65 phosphorylation/translocation or IκBα degradation; endothelial nitric oxide synthase and HO-1 are identified as downstream targets of Lnk-mediated PI3K/Akt activation. |
Lnk overexpression in endothelial cells, Western blot for VCAM-1/E-selectin/NF-κB/Akt/ERK/p38/JNK, PI3K inhibitor treatment |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
16644735
|
| 2007 |
Lnk negatively regulates the activating MPL mutation MPLW515L; Lnk associates with activated wild-type MPL and MPLW515L at the plasma membrane; the Lnk SH2 domain is essential for binding and down-regulation; MPLW515L-expressing cells are more susceptible to Lnk inhibitory function than MPL wild-type cells; Lnk is tyrosine phosphorylated following TPO stimulation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, confocal colocalization, overexpression/knockdown in Ba/F3-MPLW515L and UT7-MPLW515L cells, proliferation assays, Western blot |
Blood |
Medium |
17693582
|
| 2007 |
Lnk negatively regulates HSC self-renewal specifically through the TPO/Mpl pathway; Lnk-/- HSCs show enhanced TPO-mediated STAT5 activation (but not p38 inactivation in WT HSCs), and symmetrical self-renewal division is efficiently induced by TPO+SCF only in Lnk-deficient HSCs. |
Single-cell cultures, competitive repopulation, single-cell transplantation, single-cell immunostaining for p38/STAT5/Akt |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
17284614
|
| 2008 |
Lnk directly binds to phosphorylated tyrosine residues in JAK2 following TPO stimulation; Lnk controls HSC quiescence and self-renewal predominantly through Mpl signaling; the JAK2 V617F mutant retains the ability to bind Lnk; an activated JAK2 mutant unable to bind Lnk causes greater myeloid expansion and accelerated myelofibrosis. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (biochemical binding), genetic epistasis (Lnk-/- × Mpl-/- mice), bone marrow transplantation, 5-FU treatment, cell cycle analysis |
The Journal of clinical investigation |
High |
18618018
|
| 2008 |
The Lnk SH2 domain binds directly and preferentially to phosphorylated tyrosine 567 in the c-Kit juxtamembrane domain; this binding is abolished by Y568F point mutation (rat c-Kit numbering Y567) and competed by phosphopeptides; Lnk down-regulates SCF-induced MAPK and JNK signaling but not PI3K signaling in mast cells, and inhibits SCF-dependent migration via Rac and p38 MAPK. |
GST pull-down with c-Kit domain constructs, co-immunoprecipitation with Y568F mutant, Lnk-/- bone marrow mast cells reconstituted with Lnk mutants, proliferation/migration assays, Western blot |
Blood |
High |
18753636
|
| 2008 |
Lnk associates with c-Kit phospho-Tyr568 in the juxtamembrane domain; binding is abolished by the Y568F mutation and competed by phospho-Tyr568 peptides; Lnk binds directly to c-Kit without requiring other interacting partners, as shown by pull-down with GST-fusion proteins. |
GST pull-down with c-Kit domain constructs, co-immunoprecipitation with Y568F mutant c-Kit, peptide competition assay |
The Biochemical journal |
High |
18588518
|
| 2008 |
Lnk regulates integrin alphaIIbbeta3 outside-in signaling in platelets; Lnk-/- platelets show reduced spreading on fibrinogen, reduced clot retraction, reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of the beta3 integrin subunit, and reduced binding of Fyn to integrin alphaIIbbeta3, leading to impaired thrombus stabilization in vivo. |
In vivo thrombosis models (FeCl3 and laser injury with live imaging), platelet spreading assay, clot retraction assay, co-immunoprecipitation of Fyn with integrin alphaIIbbeta3, Western blot for beta3 phosphorylation |
The Journal of clinical investigation |
High |
20038804
|
| 2009 |
Lnk inhibits JAK2V617F constitutive activity; Lnk, through its SH2 and PH domains, interacts with both wild-type JAK2 and JAK2V617F; Lnk is tyrosine phosphorylated by constitutively active JAK2V617F; Lnk-deficient murine bone marrow cells are significantly more sensitive to transformation by JAK2V617F in CFU assays. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, Ba/F3-EpoR proliferation assay, Lnk-/- bone marrow CFU assay with JAK2V617F, Western blot |
Journal of leukocyte biology |
Medium |
19293402
|
| 2010 |
Lnk deficiency accelerates and exacerbates oncogenic JAK2-induced myeloproliferative disease; an activated form of JAK2 unable to bind Lnk causes greater myeloid expansion and accelerated myelofibrosis, demonstrating that Lnk directly inhibits oncogenic JAK2 in constraining MPD; Lnk deficiency also cooperates with BCR/ABL (which does not directly interact with Lnk) in CML-like disease development. |
Bone marrow transplantation with JAK2-activated mutants lacking Lnk binding, Lnk-/- mouse models, genetic double mutant analysis |
The Journal of clinical investigation |
High |
20458146
|
| 2010 |
Disease-associated LNK mutations (5bp deletion/missense causing truncation, and E208Q missense in PH domain) impair LNK function; BaF3-MPL cells transduced with these LNK mutants display augmented and sustained thrombopoietin-dependent growth and JAK-STAT signaling. |
Retroviral transduction of LNK mutants in BaF3-MPL cells, proliferation assays, JAK-STAT signaling by phosphoflow/Western blot, primary patient CD34+ progenitor analysis |
Blood |
Medium |
20404132
|
| 2010 |
Carriers of the SH2B3 rs3184504*A (R262W) risk allele show stronger activation of the NOD2 recognition pathway in response to lipopolysaccharide and muramyl dipeptide, suggesting LNK plays a role in innate immune signaling against bacteria. |
Ex vivo stimulation of peripheral blood cells from genotyped donors, cytokine/NOD2 pathway activation assays |
American journal of human genetics |
Low |
20560212
|
| 2011 |
LNK (SH2B3) is expressed in endothelial cells and localizes to focal adhesions (co-distributing with vinculin); LNK inhibition decreases cell spreading while sustained expression increases focal adhesion number; LNK regulates beta1-integrin-mediated Akt and GSK3β signaling; alpha-parvin is a molecular target of LNK responsible for impaired focal adhesion dynamics; ILK is identified as a new molecular partner for LNK, which regulates alpha-parvin expression through ILK interaction. |
RNA interference, immunofluorescence localization, co-immunoprecipitation identifying ILK and alpha-parvin as partners, cell spreading and migration assays, Western blot |
FASEB journal |
Medium |
22441983
|
| 2011 |
SH2B3 binds to and inhibits neurite outgrowth by binding to phosphorylated TrkA (NGF receptor) via its SH2 domain; SH2B3 represses NGF-induced PLCγ, MEK-ERK1/2, and PI3K-AKT pathway activation and Egr-1 expression; SH2B3 reduces the interaction between SH2B1β and TrkA, competing with positive-acting family members. |
Overexpression in PC12 cells and primary cortical neurons, Western blot for PLCγ/ERK/AKT/Egr-1, neurite outgrowth assays, co-immunoprecipitation of TrkA with SH2B3/SH2B1β |
PloS one |
Medium |
22028877
|
| 2012 |
14-3-3 proteins bind to LNK at two serine phosphorylation sites (phosphorylated by GSK3 and PKA kinases); 14-3-3 binding interferes with the LNK-JAK2 interaction, alleviating LNK inhibition of JAK2 signaling; 14-3-3 binding sequesters LNK in the cytoplasm away from the plasma membrane-proximal JAK2; mutations of these serine residues abrogated 14-3-3 binding and augmented LNK's growth inhibitory function. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, kinase assays (GSK3/PKA), subcellular fractionation, mutagenesis of LNK serine sites, bone marrow transplantation, cell proliferation assays |
The Journal of clinical investigation |
High |
22546852
|
| 2012 |
Lnk binds to FLT3 and FLT3-ITD through its SH2 domain; the phosphorylated tyrosines 572, 591, and 919 of FLT3 are involved in direct binding to Lnk; Lnk is phosphorylated by both FL-activated FLT3-WT and constitutively active FLT3-ITD; Lnk suppresses FLT3-WT/ITD-dependent signaling and cell proliferation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, SH2 domain mutant analysis, shRNA depletion and overexpression in 32D cells, Lnk-/- primary bone marrow FL stimulation assay |
Blood |
Medium |
22942183
|
| 2013 |
Loss of SH2B3 increases JAK-STAT signaling, promotes lymphoid cell proliferation, and accelerates leukemia development in a mouse model of NOTCH1-induced ALL; combined loss of Lnk and Tp53 or Ink4a/Arf triggers transplantable precursor B-ALL with gene expression profiles similar to human Ph-like B-ALL. |
Genetic mouse models (Lnk-/- combined with tumor suppressor knockouts), bone marrow transplantation, gene expression profiling, JAK-STAT signaling Western blot |
Blood |
High |
23908464
|
| 2013 |
SH2B3 (LNK) PH domain missense mutations from MPN patients show mild loss of function against wild-type JAK2 and JAK2V617F but retain binding capacity for JAK2, 14-3-3, and CBL adaptors; no dominant-negative effect was observed. |
Co-immunoprecipitation of JAK2/14-3-3/CBL with PH domain mutants, signaling assays in transfected cells |
British journal of haematology |
Medium |
23590807
|
| 2013 |
Lnk suppresses IL-11 signaling in HSPCs by inhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation of SHP-2/PTPN11 and its association with Grb2, and attenuating Erk MAP kinase activation; SHP-2 contains a binding motif for the Lnk SH2 domain that is phosphorylated in response to IL-11 stimulation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation of SHP-2/Grb2 with Lnk, Western blot for Erk activation, Lnk-/- HSPC radiation resistance assays, IL-11 stimulation |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Medium |
24297922
|
| 2015 |
Loss of LNK in hematopoietic cells (established by bone marrow transplantation) is primarily responsible for angiotensin II-induced renal and vascular inflammation and predisposition to hypertension; Ang II infusion increases IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells in Lnk-/- mice, and IFN-γ deficiency blunts the hypertensive response. |
Bone marrow transplantation, angiotensin II infusion model, IFN-γ KO epistasis, flow cytometry for CD8+ T cells, renal/vascular histology |
The Journal of clinical investigation |
High |
25664851
|
| 2016 |
LNK regulates pro-B progenitor homeostasis by attenuating IL-7-stimulated JAK/STAT5 signaling via a direct interaction with phosphorylated JAK3; combined Lnk and Tp53 deficiency triggers B-ALL sensitive to JAK inhibitors. |
Co-immunoprecipitation of LNK with phospho-JAK3, JAK inhibitor treatment of Lnk-/-Tp53-/- leukemia transplants, IL-7 hypersensitivity assays, gene expression profiling |
The Journal of clinical investigation |
Medium |
26974155
|
| 2016 |
LNK R262W (TT genotype) is a loss-of-function variant associated with expanded hematopoietic stem cells and enhanced megakaryopoiesis via increased MPL signaling in human cord blood; in Lnk-deficient mice, platelet LNK deficiency increases MPL signaling and AKT activation; hypercholesterolemia acts synergistically with LNK deficiency via SHIP-1 dephosphorylation to further increase AKT and platelet activation. |
Human cord blood HSC expansion assays, mouse bone marrow transplantation atherosclerosis/thrombosis models, Western blot for Akt/SHIP-1 phosphorylation, platelet activation assays |
Circulation research |
Medium |
27430239
|
| 2018 |
Lnk deficiency stabilizes stalled replication forks (in a manner partially dependent on alleviating blocks to cytokine-mediated JAK2 signaling) in Fancd2-/- HSCs, reducing replication stress and genomic instability, without impacting ICL repair; this restores HSC function in Fanconi anemia. |
Genetic double knockout (Lnk-/-Fancd2-/-), DNA fiber assays for fork stability, JAK2 signaling Western blot, HSC reconstitution transplantation, ICL repair assays |
Nature communications |
High |
30254368
|
| 2018 |
Lnk/Sh2b3 controls adipose tissue homeostasis by negatively regulating IL-15-dependent group 1 innate lymphoid cells (G1-ILCs); Lnk-/- mice have impaired glucose tolerance and accumulation of G1-ILCs in adipose tissue; crossing with Il15-/- mice or depleting G1-ILCs (but not CD8+ T cells) ameliorates glucose intolerance; JAK inhibition improves glucose tolerance in Lnk-/- mice. |
Lnk-/- × Il15-/- double knockout, cell depletion (anti-NK1.1), JAK inhibitor treatment, flow cytometry, glucose tolerance tests |
Cell reports |
High |
30110639
|
| 2019 |
LNK suppresses interferon-STAT1 signaling in melanoma; forced LNK expression inhibits IFN-induced STAT1 signaling, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis; melanoma cells exposed to IFN upregulate LNK expression as a negative feedback mechanism; silencing LNK potentiates IFN-mediated cell killing. |
LNK overexpression and shRNA/CRISPR-Cas9 knockdown in melanoma cells, Western blot for STAT1 signaling, cell cycle and apoptosis assays, IFN stimulation |
Nature communications |
Medium |
31110180
|
| 2021 |
Crystal structures of the LNK SH2 domain bound to phosphorylated motifs from JAK2 and EPOR reveal a canonical SH2 fold with an additional N-terminal helix; specificity is conferred by amino acids one and three residues downstream of the phosphotyrosine; disease-associated LNK mutations show impaired target binding in vitro and reduced ability to inhibit signaling. |
X-ray crystallography (two structures: LNK-SH2/phospho-JAK2 and LNK-SH2/phospho-EPOR), biochemical binding assays, mutagenesis functional signaling assays |
Nature communications |
High |
34671038
|
| 2021 |
Hematopoietic Lnk deficiency promotes arterial thrombosis via a NETosis mechanism dependent on oxidized phospholipids (OxPL); Lnk-deficient platelets release more OxPL upon thrombin activation and Lnk-deficient neutrophils show increased priming and response to OxPL; PAD4 deficiency completely reversed accelerated thrombosis, and E06-scFv targeting OxPL reversed NETosis, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis. |
Lnk-/-PAD4-/- double knockout, E06-scFv transgene, carotid artery thrombosis model, OxPL measurement from platelets, NETosis assays, human iPSC-derived LNK(TT) cells |
Circulation |
High |
34846914
|
| 2022 |
SH2B3 binds to JAK2 and SHP2 to suppress JAK2/STAT3 and SHP2/Grb2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in lung cancer cells, inhibiting anoikis resistance, proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT; TGF-β1 promotes these processes by reducing SH2B3 expression. |
Co-immunoprecipitation of SH2B3 with JAK2 and SHP2, SH2B3 overexpression in lung cancer lines, Western blot for JAK2/STAT3/Grb2/PI3K/AKT phosphorylation, in vivo xenograft |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
35589677
|
| 2022 |
The SH2B3 R262W (Trp/Trp) variant exhibits less negative regulation of IL-12 signaling, resulting in enhanced IL-12-induced Stat4 phosphorylation and IFN-γ production in CD8+ T cells, leading to exacerbated hypertension and renal injury following angiotensin II infusion. |
CRISPR-Cas9 knock-in mice (Arg/Arg vs. Trp/Trp), angiotensin II infusion model, Stat4 phosphorylation Western blot, IFN-γ ELISA from ex vivo stimulated T cells, blood pressure telemetry |
Circulation research |
High |
36169218
|
| 2024 |
Eosinophil-specific Lnk deficiency (LnkΔeos mice) causes isolated eosinophilia with increased eosinophil activation and JAK/STAT signaling, accelerating arterial thrombosis through eosinophil extracellular trap (EETosis) formation; DNase I infusion abolishing EETs and NETs reversed the accelerated thrombosis; human iPSC-derived LNK(TT) eosinophils showed increased activation and EETosis. |
Conditional eosinophil-specific Lnk knockout (eoCre×Lnkf/f), carotid artery thrombosis model, anti-Siglec-F eosinophil depletion, DNase I treatment, human iPSC-derived eosinophil assays, flow cytometry for JAK/STAT signaling |
Blood |
High |
38096361
|
| 2011 |
Lnk binds to PDGFR-α, PDGFR-β, and the leukemogenic FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion protein after PDGF exposure; deletion/mutation of the Lnk SH2 domain completely abolishes binding to FIP1L1-PDGFRA (but only partly prevents PDGFRA/B binding); Lnk inhibits PDGF-dependent proliferation and Erk phosphorylation, and suppresses growth of FIP1L1-PDGFRA- and TEL-PDGFRB-transformed 32D cells. |
Co-immunoprecipitation in 293T cells with SH2 mutants, Ba/F3 and 32D cell proliferation assays, Western blot for pErk |
Experimental hematology |
Medium |
21310211
|
| 2010 |
Lnk inhibits c-Fms (M-CSFR) signaling; Lnk binds to c-Fms; Lnk deficiency increases M-CSF-induced Akt phosphorylation (augmented and prolonged) while diminishing Erk phosphorylation, enhances ROS production, and inhibits M-CSF-induced macrophage migration. |
Co-immunoprecipitation of Lnk with c-Fms, Western blot for Akt/Erk in Lnk-/- vs. WT macrophages, clonogenic (M-CFU) assay, ROS production assay, migration assay |
Journal of leukocyte biology |
Medium |
20571037
|
| 2011 |
LNK is expressed in neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) in adult mouse and human SVZ; Lnk deficiency increases NSPC proliferation after stroke but not in intact brain; Lnk expression after stroke is upregulated through STAT1/3 transcription factors; LNK attenuates IGF-1 signaling by inhibiting AKT phosphorylation, reducing NSPC proliferation. |
Lnk-/- mouse stroke model, BrdU/EdU incorporation for proliferation, LNK overexpression in NSPC cultures, Western blot for AKT phosphorylation, STAT1/3 ChIP/reporter analysis |
The Journal of neuroscience |
Medium |
22496561
|
| 2011 |
TPO-stimulated Lnk-deficient HSCs show enhanced Bcl-xL expression compared to normal HSCs; Bcl-xL downregulation by shRNA in Lnk-deficient HSCs reduces their reconstitution capacity; Lnk constrains Bcl-xL expression and thereby controls HSC apoptosis and survival downstream of TPO signaling. |
Western blot for Bcl-xL in Lnk-/- vs. WT HSCs, shRNA knockdown of Bcl-xL in Lnk-/- HSCs, competitive reconstitution transplantation, irradiation survival assay |
Experimental hematology |
Medium |
22101255
|