Affinage

RXRB

Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta · UniProt P28702

Length
533 aa
Mass
56.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
42 papers in source corpus 23 papers cited in narrative 22 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

RXRβ (originally cloned as H-2RIIBP) is a nuclear hormone receptor that functions chiefly as an obligate heterodimeric partner for other nuclear receptors, recognizing the conserved GG(T/A)CA motif through its two zinc-finger DNA-binding domains (PMID:2554307). Through a conserved C-terminal subdomain it forms heterodimers with RAR, thyroid hormone receptor (TR), and vitamin D receptor independently of DNA binding, and these heterodimers bind cognate response elements more avidly and drive ligand-dependent transcription more strongly than the receptors alone (PMID:1662118, PMID:1314168, PMID:1608968). Transactivation requires both the DNA-binding and ligand-binding domains (PMID:1736309), and the LBD recruits LXXLL-motif coactivators (SRC family, PGC1α, PRIP, RIP140) in a ligand-dependent manner (PMID:17184907); the crystal structure of the agonist-bound LXRα/RXRβ LBD heterodimer with GRIP-1 peptides defines this coactivator-loaded active conformation (PMID:12970175). The LBD binds 9-cis-retinoic acid and also accommodates phytanic acid, DHA, and lithocholic acid at the same pocket, with these ligands ranking below 9-cis-RA in coactivator recruitment (PMID:11939783, PMID:17184907). In vivo, RXRβ is essential in Sertoli cells, where its loss causes spermatid release failure and progressive lipid accumulation leading to male sterility (PMID:8557197); cell-type-specific deletion shows all reproductive functions reside in Sertoli cells, with spermiation proceeding through a ligand-independent RAR α partnership while cholesterol homeostasis depends on the AF-2 activation function acting through LXRβ heterodimers and TIF2 to drive ABCA1-mediated efflux (PMID:14993927, PMID:18713813). RXRβ is partially redundant with RXRα in restraining premature cardiomyocyte differentiation (PMID:8799145, PMID:9428411), and its abundance is controlled post-translationally by MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation (PMID:35628577). The intrinsically disordered N-terminal AB region undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation in vitro (PMID:37143076).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 19 steps
  1. 1989 High

    Establishing that the protein later named RXRβ is a sequence-specific DNA-binding nuclear receptor answered whether it acts directly at gene regulatory elements.

    Evidence Library screening and DNA-binding assays showing binding to MHC class I region II and the ERE via the GG(T/A)CA motif, with two zinc-finger domains

    PMID:2554307

    Open questions at the time
    • No ligand identified at cloning
    • Partner requirement for target selection not yet defined
    • Physiological target genes unknown
  2. 1991 High

    Identifying RXRβ as a heterodimeric partner that enhances RAR, TR, and VDR activity reframed it from a solo receptor to a master cofactor for multiple nuclear receptor pathways.

    Evidence Expression library screening with RA response element and RAR, co-transfection and DNA-binding assays

    PMID:1662118

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of dimerization not resolved
    • Endogenous ligand contribution unclear
    • In vivo relevance of each partnership untested
  3. 1992 High

    Defining the conserved C-terminal dimerization subdomain and demonstrating DNA-independent heterodimer assembly explained the molecular basis of RXRβ's cooperative DNA binding and transcriptional synergy with TR and RAR.

    Evidence Cross-linking, Co-IP, EMSA, streptavidin-biotin DNA precipitation and reporter assays; parallel TR-specific study

    PMID:1314168 PMID:1608968

    Open questions at the time
    • Coactivator/corepressor coupling not addressed
    • Ligand dependence of enhancement not dissected
  4. 1992 Medium

    Mapping the functional requirement to DBD and LBD (not the N-terminus) and noting cell-type restriction predicted a required cofactor for RXRβ-driven transactivation.

    Evidence Deletion-mutant transient transfection CAT reporter assays in embryonal carcinoma cells; recombinant DNA-binding/methylation-interference characterization

    PMID:1569965 PMID:1736309

    Open questions at the time
    • The inferred cofactor was not identified
    • Single-cell-type generalizability limited
    • Domain contributions in heterodimer context untested
  5. 1996 High

    Gene knockout established a non-redundant physiological role for RXRβ in male fertility, localizing the defect to Sertoli cells.

    Evidence Homologous-recombination knockout mice with histology and fertility testing

    PMID:8557197

    Open questions at the time
    • Heterodimer partner and ligand mediating each defect not defined
    • Distinction between spermiation and lipid defects not yet mechanistic
  6. 1996 High

    Double-knockout epistasis with RXRα revealed partial functional redundancy in restraining premature cardiomyocyte differentiation.

    Evidence Single vs double RXRα/RXRβ knockout mice with histology and mitotic index

    PMID:8799145 PMID:9428411

    Open questions at the time
    • Cardiac partner receptor and target genes unknown
    • Degree of redundancy in other tissues unmapped
  7. 1997 Medium

    Demonstrating that RXRβ reshapes the TR hormonal hierarchy clarified how heterodimerization tunes ligand responsiveness of partner receptors.

    Evidence Transient transfection TRE reporter assays with T4/T3/TRIAC, HPLC and deiodinase inhibitor controls

    PMID:9406846

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo significance of altered hierarchy untested
    • Single reporter system
  8. 1998 Medium

    Identifying p38-MAPK-dependent, NF-κB-independent repression of the RXRβ promoter by TNF-α showed how inflammatory signaling controls RXRβ levels transcriptionally.

    Evidence Promoter-luciferase transfection with p38 inhibitor and NF-κB site mutation

    PMID:9607817

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct p38 target on the promoter not identified
    • Endogenous RXRβ expression response not confirmed
  9. 2002 Medium

    Direct competition binding identified phytanic acid, DHA, and lithocholic acid as ligands sharing the 9-cis-RA pocket, broadening the ligand repertoire of RXRβ.

    Evidence Photoaffinity labeling with [3H]9-cis-RA and competition assays using recombinant human RXRβ

    PMID:11939783

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological relevance of each ligand untested
    • Single in vitro assay
    • Functional output not measured here
  10. 2003 High

    The agonist-bound LXRα/RXRβ LBD heterodimer crystal structure with GRIP-1 peptides defined the coactivator-loaded active conformation of the heterodimer.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography (PDB 1UHL) with LXR mutational validation

    PMID:12970175

    Open questions at the time
    • RXRβ-specific ligand contacts in this complex not detailed
    • Full-length receptor/DNA architecture absent
  11. 2004 High

    AF-2 mutant knock-in mice separated ligand-dependent cholesterol homeostasis (via LXRβ/TIF2/ABCA1) from ligand-independent spermiation, dissecting RXRβ's two Sertoli-cell functions.

    Evidence Knock-in AF-2 mutation, genetic epistasis with PPAR knockouts, ABCA1 and coactivator analysis

    PMID:14993927

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the spermiation ligand/partner inferred but not proven here
    • Coactivator switching mechanism not resolved
  12. 2008 High

    Sertoli-cell-specific conditional knockout proved that all reproductive functions of RXRβ operate cell-autonomously in Sertoli cells, and implicated RAR α heterodimerization in spermatid release.

    Evidence Cre-lox conditional knockout with histology and ABCA1/SCARB1 efflux assays

    PMID:18713813

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct RAR α–RXRβ complex in vivo not shown
    • Target genes of spermiation pathway undefined
  13. 2008 Medium

    Characterizing the 11P intergenic insulator showed how the RXRβ locus is shielded from the neighboring Col11a2 cartilage enhancer, defining genomic regulation of its expression boundaries.

    Evidence BAC transgenic mice with deletions, EMSA and CTCF ChIP

    PMID:18682388

    Open questions at the time
    • Factor binding 11P not identified (CTCF maps to RX4, not 11P)
    • Relevance to endogenous locus untested
  14. 2006 Medium

    TR-FRET quantification of ligand-dependent coactivator recruitment ranked RXRβ ligands and linked specific ligands to coactivator engagement.

    Evidence TR-FRET with purified RXRβ LBD and LXXLL peptides from SRC family, PGC1α, PRIP, RIP140

    PMID:17184907

    Open questions at the time
    • Peptide assay does not capture full coactivator complexes
    • Cellular context absent
  15. 2018 Medium

    RXRβ silencing in neuroblastoma cells revealed a subtype-specific negative role in RA-induced neurite outgrowth, distinguishing it from differentiation-promoting RXRα.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown comparing RXRβ vs RXRα, neurite and marker measurement

    PMID:30529222

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of negative regulation unknown
    • Single cell line
    • Partner receptor not identified
  16. 2019 Medium

    Platelet-specific conditional knockout established that despite being the dominant platelet RXR subtype, RXRβ is dispensable for platelet function and thrombosis.

    Evidence PF4Cre conditional knockout with platelet function assays and FeCl3 thrombosis model

    PMID:31172692

    Open questions at the time
    • Source of RXR agonist effects on platelets unexplained
    • Possible non-genomic roles untested
  17. 2022 Medium

    Identifying MDM2 as the E3 ligase ubiquitinating RXRβ defined a post-translational control point linking RXRβ stability to endothelial inflammatory and mitochondrial protection.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, MDM2 RING mutant (C464A), inhibitor, siRNA and LDLr-/- atherosclerosis model

    PMID:35628577

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitinated lysines on RXRβ not mapped
    • Single lab
    • Generalizability beyond endothelium unknown
  18. 2023 Medium

    Demonstrating that the disordered N-terminal AB region drives liquid-liquid phase separation introduced a biophysical, condensate-forming property distinct from RXRγ.

    Evidence In vitro LLPS reconstitution and biophysical characterization of recombinant AB region

    PMID:37143076

    Open questions at the time
    • Cellular condensate formation not demonstrated
    • Functional consequence on transcription unknown
  19. 2026 Medium

    Linking RXRβ to the RXRβ-PPARγ pro-adipogenic axis showed a role in adipocyte lipid accumulation relevant to cachexia.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with lipid accumulation rescue in 3T3-L1, nuclear localization measurement in mouse iWAT

    PMID:41603258

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct RXRβ-PPARγ complex not shown here
    • Single model system

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How RXRβ-specific (versus RXRα/γ) ligand selectivity, condensate formation, and partner choice are integrated to specify tissue-restricted transcriptional outputs remains unresolved.
  • No genome-wide RXRβ target gene map in the corpus
  • AB-region LLPS not linked to transcriptional function in cells
  • Subtype-specific division of labor among RXRα/β/γ incompletely defined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 5 GO:0003677 DNA binding 2 GO:0008289 lipid binding 2 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2
Partners
MDM2NCOA2NR1H2PPARGRARARXRATHRAVDR
Complex memberships
RXRβ/LXRβ heterodimerRXRβ/PPARγ heterodimerRXRβ/RARα heterodimerRXRβ/TR heterodimer

Evidence

Reading pass · 22 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1991 RXRβ forms heterodimers with RAR, thyroid hormone receptor (TR), and vitamin D receptor, preferentially increasing their DNA binding and transcriptional activity on their cognate response elements. RXRβ was identified by sequential screening with a retinoic acid response element and RAR. Expression library screening, co-transfection transcriptional activity assays, DNA binding assays Cell High 1662118
1992 RXRβ (H-2RIIBP) forms heterodimers with TRα and RARα via a conserved C-terminal subdomain, independently of DNA binding. Heterodimer formation was more efficient than homodimer or TRα/RARα heterodimer formation. Heterodimers displayed enhanced binding to target DNA elements and contacted DNA differently from homodimers. Chemical cross-linking, co-immunoprecipitation, gel mobility shift assay, streptavidin-biotin DNA precipitation, co-transfection synergy assays The EMBO journal High 1314168
1989 H-2RIIBP (RXRβ) binds specifically to region II of the MHC class I regulatory element and to the estrogen response element (ERE) through the conserved GG(T/A)CA motif; the protein contains two zinc-finger DNA-binding domains characteristic of nuclear hormone receptors. Lambda gt11 library screening with CRE probe, DNA binding assays, sequence analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 2554307
1992 RXRβ (H-2RIIBP) heterodimerization with thyroid hormone receptor (TR) markedly enhances both TH response element binding and TH-dependent transcriptional induction; heterodimers form stably in solution and on DNA. Co-immunoprecipitation, gel mobility shift assay, transient transfection transcriptional assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 1608968
1992 RXRβ mediates retinoic acid-dependent transactivation of MHC class I promoters through its DNA-binding domain and ligand-binding domain (deletion of either abolishes activity), but not through its N-terminal domain; activity shows strict cell-type restriction suggesting a required cofactor. Transient transfection with deletion mutants and CAT reporter, transactivation assays in embryonal carcinoma cells Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 1736309
1992 Recombinant RXRβ produced in baculovirus binds to estrogen response elements with affinity comparable to the MHC region II enhancer, and binds some (but not all) thyroid hormone and retinoic acid response elements without exogenous ligand; it recognizes the conserved GG(T/A)CA motif as shown by methylation interference. Baculovirus expression, DNA-protein immunoprecipitation, Southwestern blot, gel mobility shift assay, methylation interference Molecular endocrinology Medium 1569965
1996 RXRβ knockout male mice are sterile due to oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia: spermatid release fails, epididymis contains few abnormal spermatozoa, and Sertoli cells progressively accumulate unsaturated triglycerides. The selective expression of RXRβ in Sertoli cells suggests the primary defect is in those cells. Homologous recombination gene knockout in mice, histological and histochemical analysis, fertility testing Genes & development High 8557197
2003 Crystal structure of LXRα and RXRβ ligand-binding domains (LBDs) in a fully agonistic conformation as a heterodimeric complex, with GRIP-1 coactivator peptides bound at both coactivator binding sites; LXR residues H421 and W443 are critical for ligand-induced transcriptional activation by oxysterols. X-ray crystallography (PDB: 1UHL), mutational analysis of LXR residues The EMBO journal High 12970175
1996 RXRα and RXRβ exhibit partial functional redundancy in cardiac development: RXRα/RXRβ double-null mutants show nearly 100% precocious differentiation of ventricular subepicardial myocytes, compared to ~50% in single RXRα nulls, indicating overlapping roles in preventing premature cardiomyocyte differentiation. Double and single gene knockout mice, histological analysis, mitotic index measurement Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 8799145 9428411
2004 RXRβ controls cholesterol homeostasis in Sertoli cells in a ligand-dependent manner via its transcriptional activation function AF-2: mice with AF-2-impaired RXRβ (Rxrb-af20) accumulate cholesteryl esters in Sertoli cells due to reduced ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux, dependent on the TIF2 coactivator and RXRβ/LXRβ heterodimers. Spermatid release defects (unlike cholesterol defects) do not require AF-2, indicating a ligand-independent mechanism for spermiation. Knock-in AF-2 mutation in mice, genetic epistasis with PPARα/β knockouts, molecular analysis of ABCA1 transporter expression, co-activator analysis EMBO reports High 14993927
2008 Sertoli cell-specific conditional inactivation of RXRβ recapitulates the full reproductive phenotype of global RXRβ knockouts (spermatid release failure, cholesterol ester accumulation, testis degeneration), establishing that all reproductive functions of RXRβ are carried out in Sertoli cells. Evidence supports RXRΒ heterodimerizing with RA-liganded RARα to transduce signals for spermatid release. Conditional (Sertoli cell-specific) gene knockout using Cre-lox, histological analysis, cholesterol efflux assays (ABCA1 and SCARB1) Reproduction (Cambridge, England) High 18713813
2002 Phytanic acid (PA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and lithocholic acid bind directly to the 9-cis-retinoic acid binding site of human RXRβ, competing with [3H]9-cis-RA in photoaffinity labeling; all-trans-retinoic acid does not compete for this site. Photoaffinity labeling with [3H]9-cis-RA, competition binding assays with recombinant human RXRβ protein Biochemistry Medium 11939783
2006 RXRβ LBD recruits coactivator peptides (from PGC1α, SRC1-4, SRC2-3, PRIP/RAP250, RIP140) in a ligand-dependent manner; rank order potency for coactivator recruitment is 9-cisRA > phytanic acid > all-trans-RA > DHA. DHA and phytanic acid both promote coactivator peptide recruitment to RXRβ LBD. Time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay with purified RXRβ LBD and LXXLL-motif peptides Molecular and cellular endocrinology Medium 17184907
1996 The N-terminus and hinge region of RXRα (but not RXRβ) are responsible for high-level 9-cis-RA-dependent transcription in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts; the hinge region represses N-terminal transactivation in the absence of hormone. Both receptors show comparable activity in P19 cells, indicating cell-type-dependent subtype specificity. Chimeric receptor construction, transient co-transfection assays with reporter gene in multiple cell types The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 8631847
1997 RXRβ, when co-expressed with TRα, greatly enhances transcriptional responses to T4, T3, and TRIAC on thyroid hormone response elements in transient transfection assays, and establishes a different hormonal hierarchy (TRIAC > T3 ≥ T4) than TRα alone (T3 > TRIAC > T4). T4 directly (not via deiodination to T3) activates TR-dependent gene expression. Transient transfection assays with TRE-reporter constructs, HPLC verification of T4-to-T3 conversion, use of deiodinase inhibitors Molecular and cellular endocrinology Medium 9406846
1998 TNF-α represses the activity of the 250-bp RXRβ promoter through a mechanism dependent on p38 MAP kinase, independent of NF-κB (mutation of NF-κB site did not affect repression); thyroid hormone, 9-cis-RA, IL-1β, and IL-6 did not affect promoter activity. Transient transfection of promoter-luciferase constructs, pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAP kinase (SB203580), NF-κB site mutation Endocrinology Medium 9607817
2022 MDM2 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that directly interacts with RXRβ, promotes its poly-ubiquitination, and targets it for proteasomal degradation. MDM2 RING domain mutation (C464A) or MDM2 inhibition abolishes RXRβ ubiquitination and degradation. Stabilization of RXRβ by MDM2 inhibition alleviates oxidized LDL-induced mitochondrial damage and TLR9/NF-κB and NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammatory signaling in endothelial cells; these protective effects are abolished by RXRβ siRNA. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, MDM2 RING domain mutant (C464A), MDM2 inhibitor treatment, siRNA knockdown, in vivo atherosclerosis mouse model (LDLr-/- mice) International journal of molecular sciences Medium 35628577
2018 siRNA-mediated silencing of RXRβ in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells improved neurite extension and increased expression of neuronal markers tau and synaptophysin, indicating that RXRβ negatively regulates RA-induced neuronal differentiation parameters related to neurite outgrowth, in contrast to RXRα which is required for differentiation. siRNA knockdown of RXRβ vs. RXRα, measurement of neurite extension and neuronal marker expression during RA-induced differentiation Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research Medium 30529222
2023 The N-terminal AB region of human RXRβ is an intrinsically disordered region (coil-like) that promotes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vitro; it can adopt a more ordered conformation under different environmental conditions. The AB region's LLPS sensitivity differs from that of RXRγ's AB region, reflecting their distinct amino acid compositions. Biochemical and biophysical characterization of recombinant AB region protein, LLPS assay, in silico analysis Cell communication and signaling : CCS Medium 37143076
2008 An intergenic sequence (11P) between Rxrb and Col11a2 acts as an insulator (enhancer-blocker) that prevents the cartilage-specific Col11a2 enhancer from driving RXRβ expression in cartilage; mutation of 11P enhances cartilage-specific RXRβ promoter activity in BAC transgenic mice. CTCF was associated with a site in the 4th intron of RXRB (RX4) but not with 11P. BAC transgenic mice with deletions, EMSA, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for CTCF, transgenic reporter assay The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 18682388
2026 RXRβ mediates pro-adipogenic effects via the RXRβ-PPARγ pathway in adipocytes: siRNA-mediated inhibition of RXRβ abolishes the ability of ellagic acid to restore lipid accumulation in cancer-conditioned adipocytes, and EA treatment enhances nuclear localization of RXRβ in adipose tissue in vivo. siRNA knockdown, lipid accumulation assay in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, nuclear localization index measurement in mouse iWAT, in vivo cachexia mouse model Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle Medium 41603258
2019 RXRβ is the dominant RXR subtype in mouse platelets, but its megakaryocyte/platelet-specific conditional knockout (PF4Cre;RXRβflox/flox) does not affect platelet activation, spreading, aggregation, or arterial thrombus formation in vivo; RXR agonist effects on platelet function are also independent of RXRβ expression. Conditional (PF4Cre) platelet-specific knockout mice, platelet activation/spreading/aggregation assays in vitro, FeCl3-injury thrombosis model in vivo Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH Medium 31172692

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 42 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1991 RXR beta: a coregulator that enhances binding of retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D receptors to their cognate response elements. Cell 1232 1662118
1992 H-2RIIBP (RXR beta) heterodimerization provides a mechanism for combinatorial diversity in the regulation of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone responsive genes. The EMBO journal 468 1314168
1989 H-2RIIBP, a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that binds to both the regulatory element of major histocompatibility class I genes and the estrogen response element. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 309 2554307
1996 Abnormal spermatogenesis in RXR beta mutant mice. Genes & development 254 8557197
2003 Crystal structure of the heterodimeric complex of LXRalpha and RXRbeta ligand-binding domains in a fully agonistic conformation. The EMBO journal 245 12970175
1996 RXR gamma null mice are apparently normal and compound RXR alpha +/-/RXR beta -/-/RXR gamma -/- mutant mice are viable. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 185 8799145
1997 Vitamin A deficiency and mutations of RXRalpha, RXRbeta and RARalpha lead to early differentiation of embryonic ventricular cardiomyocytes. Development (Cambridge, England) 140 9428411
1992 Heterodimerization of thyroid hormone (TH) receptor with H-2RIIBP (RXR beta) enhances DNA binding and TH-dependent transcriptional activation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92 1608968
1992 Retinoic acid-dependent transactivation of major histocompatibility complex class I promoters by the nuclear hormone receptor H-2RIIBP in undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 66 1736309
2012 A fatty acid-binding protein 7/RXRβ pathway enhances survival and proliferation in triple-negative breast cancer. The Journal of pathology 60 22322885
2004 Ligand-dependent contribution of RXRbeta to cholesterol homeostasis in Sertoli cells. EMBO reports 59 14993927
1994 The mouse Rxrb gene encoding RXR beta: genomic organization and two mRNA isoforms generated by alternative splicing of transcripts initiated from CpG island promoters. Gene 47 8194750
2008 Retinoid X receptor beta (RXRB) expression in Sertoli cells controls cholesterol homeostasis and spermiation. Reproduction (Cambridge, England) 35 18713813
2006 Analysis of ligand-dependent recruitment of coactivator peptides to RXRbeta in a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 34 17184907
1992 H-2RIIBP expressed from a baculovirus vector binds to multiple hormone response elements. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 34 1569965
1992 Mapping of the mouse Rxr loci encoding nuclear retinoid X receptors RXR alpha, RXR beta, and RXR gamma. Genomics 33 1358808
2002 Photoaffinity labeling of human retinoid X receptor beta (RXRbeta) with 9-cis-retinoic acid: identification of phytanic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and lithocholic acid as ligands for RXRbeta. Biochemistry 30 11939783
2016 Transcriptomic Analysis Shows Decreased Cortical Expression of NR4A1, NR4A2 and RXRB in Schizophrenia and Provides Evidence for Nuclear Receptor Dysregulation. PloS one 29 27992436
1997 L-thyroxine directly affects expression of thyroid hormone-sensitive genes: regulatory effect of RXRbeta. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 21 9406846
1994 Isolation of a novel RXR from Xenopus that most closely resembles mammalian RXR beta and is expressed throughout early development. Biochimica et biophysica acta 20 8049252
2018 Prominent role of RAB39A-RXRB axis in cancer development and stemness. Oncotarget 19 29515775
2018 Nuclear RXRα and RXRβ receptors exert distinct and opposite effects on RA-mediated neuroblastoma differentiation. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research 19 30529222
1998 Characterization of mouse retinoid X receptor (RXR)-beta gene promoter: negative regulation by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Endocrinology 18 9607817
2009 Repression of MHC class I transcription by HPV16E7 through interaction with a putative RXRbeta motif and NF-kappaB cytoplasmic sequestration. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 17 19665994
1996 Physical mapping of the Ring1, Ring2, Ke6, Ke4, Rxrb, Col11a2, and RT1.Hb genes in the rat major histocompatibility complex. Immunogenetics 17 8662089
2022 MDM2-Mediated Ubiquitination of RXRβ Contributes to Mitochondrial Damage and Related Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. International journal of molecular sciences 15 35628577
1993 Mapping of RXRB to human chromosome 6p21.3. Annals of human genetics 15 8257090
1996 The mouse col11a2 gene. Some transcripts from the adjacent rxr-beta gene extend into the col11a2 gene. Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology 11 8981332
1998 Potential role of NF-kB and RXR beta like proteins in interferon induced HLA class I and beta globin gene transcription in K562 erythroleukaemia cells. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 10 9546588
2022 Rational Design of a New RXR Agonist Scaffold Enabling Single-Subtype Preference for RXRα, RXRβ, and RXRγ. Journal of medicinal chemistry 9 36533416
2002 Distribution of endogenous retinoids, retinoid binding proteins (RBP, CRABPI) and nuclear retinoid X receptor beta (RXRbeta) in the porcine embryo. Reproduction, nutrition, development 9 12510870
2023 Phase separation propensity of the intrinsically disordered AB region of human RXRβ. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 8 37143076
1996 Differential 9-cis-retinoic acid-dependent transcriptional activation by murine retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) and RXR beta. Role of cell type and RXR domains. The Journal of biological chemistry 8 8631847
2001 RXR beta isoforms in neuroblastoma cells and evidence for a novel 3'-end transcript. FEBS letters 7 11591367
2000 Vitamin A Deficiency Decreases the Expression of RARβ and RXRβ/γ in Adult Mouse Brain: Effect of RA Administration. Nutritional neuroscience 7 27414051
1996 Differential effect of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma on phosphorylation of p65 and p50 (rel) in the K562 cell line: implications for altered interaction with RXR beta. Cytokine 6 8726663
2008 Insulation of the ubiquitous Rxrb promoter from the cartilage-specific adjacent gene, Col11a2. The Journal of biological chemistry 5 18682388
2026 Ellagic Acid Alleviates Abnormal Fat Reduction by Activating the RXRβ-PPARγ Pathways in a CT26 Tumour-Induced Cachexia Mouse Model. Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle 3 41603258
2019 Role of RXRβ in platelet function and arterial thrombosis. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 3 31172692
2017 RXRB Is an MHC-Encoded Susceptibility Gene Associated with Anti-Topoisomerase I Antibody-Positive Systemic Sclerosis. The Journal of investigative dermatology 3 28506627
2024 The Inhibition of RXRα and RXRβ Receptors Provides Valuable Insights for Potential Prostate Cancer Treatment, in silico Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Studies. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 1 39068565
2009 Genetic variability of RXRB, PPARA, and PPARG in Wegener's granulomatosis. PPAR research 1 19223982

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