Affinage

RS1

Retinoschisin · UniProt O15537

Length
224 aa
Mass
25.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 9 papers cited in narrative 9 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

RS1 (retinoschisin) is a secreted, disulfide-linked homo-octameric protein with a discoidin domain that is essential for retinal structural integrity, photoreceptor outer segment maturation, and synaptic signaling at the photoreceptor–depolarizing bipolar cell junction. The octamer adopts a cog-wheel architecture of two stacked rings in which the discoidin domains project outward and intermolecular Cys59–Cys223 and Cys40–Cys40 disulfide bonds form the inner core (PMID:15644328, PMID:26812435). Loss of RS1 disrupts the mGluR6/TRPM1 signaling cascade at bipolar cell dendritic tips and delays rod outer segment functional maturation, phenotypes rescued by AAV-mediated RS1 gene delivery (PMID:26098217, PMID:22993419, PMID:34548657). Retinal RS1 expression is driven by the transcription factor CRX acting through two CRX-responsive elements in the proximal promoter (PMID:18927113); a distinct RS1-family protein (Rsc1A1) functions as a transcriptional repressor of the Na⁺–D-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 in epithelial and brain cells (PMID:11562363, PMID:30022488).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 9 steps
  1. 2000 Low

    Initial localization work placed an RS-immunoreactive protein in the sperm flagellum axoneme, but the relationship to retinal retinoschisin remained ambiguous, leaving open whether RS1 functions outside the retina.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence co-localization with beta-tubulin in human and rat sperm

    PMID:10618658

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of this sperm RS protein relative to the RS1/retinoschisin gene is unresolved
    • No functional assay in sperm was performed
    • Not independently confirmed
  2. 2001 High

    Establishing that a plasma membrane-associated RS1-family protein (Rsc1A1) acts as a transcriptional repressor of SGLT1 revealed a non-retinal, gene-regulatory function for this protein family.

    Evidence Overexpression and antisense knockdown in LLC-PK1 cells with nuclear run-on assay measuring SGLT1 transcription rate

    PMID:11562363

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct DNA-binding mechanism of Rsc1A1 at the SGLT1 promoter is unknown
    • Relationship between Rsc1A1 and retinal retinoschisin remains unclear
  3. 2005 High

    Determining that retinoschisin forms a disulfide-linked homo-octamer with defined inter- and intramolecular disulfide bond architecture resolved the oligomeric state and identified critical cysteines for assembly.

    Evidence SDS-PAGE, velocity sedimentation, and mass spectrometry on purified retinoschisin

    PMID:15644328

    Open questions at the time
    • No high-resolution atomic structure was available
    • Functional significance of octamerization versus smaller oligomers not tested
  4. 2008 High

    Identifying CRX as the transcription factor driving RS1 expression through two CRX-responsive elements in the proximal promoter explained the photoreceptor and bipolar cell specificity of RS1 expression.

    Evidence ChIP showing CRX and co-activator occupancy at RS1 promoter, site-directed mutagenesis, transgenic Xenopus reporter assays

    PMID:18927113

    Open questions at the time
    • Other transcription factors cooperating with CRX at the RS1 locus not identified
    • Mechanism conferring bipolar cell versus photoreceptor expression levels not resolved
  5. 2012 High

    Showing that RS1 loss delays rod outer segment maturation — elevating the luminance threshold for transducin translocation 10-fold at P21 — established RS1 as critical for photoreceptor functional development, not just structural adhesion.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence, ERG, and biochemical fractionation in Rs1-KO mouse across developmental time points

    PMID:22993419

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular target of RS1 in outer segments is unknown
    • Why the maturation delay partially recovers by P60 is unexplained
  6. 2015 High

    Demonstrating that RS1 loss causes progressive mislocalization of TRPM1, Gαo, Gβ5, and RGS11 from bipolar cell dendritic tips — rescued by AAV8-RS1 — established RS1 as essential for maintaining the mGluR6/TRPM1 signaling cascade at the photoreceptor–bipolar cell synapse.

    Evidence Immunohistochemistry, whole-cell electrophysiology, and AAV8-RS1 gene delivery in Rs1-KO mice

    PMID:26098217

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether RS1 directly interacts with synaptic components or acts indirectly through structural support is not resolved
    • Mechanism by which mGluR6 but not TRPM1 retains proper localization without RS1 is unexplained
  7. 2016 High

    Resolving the octamer's cog-wheel architecture by EM — two stacked rings with discoidin domains projecting outward — provided the first 3D structural model and explained how the adhesive discoidin domains are displayed for intercellular interactions.

    Evidence Single-particle electron microscopy with 3D reconstruction and molecular modeling

    PMID:26812435

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic-resolution structure not yet achieved
    • Binding interface with retinal membrane partners not mapped
  8. 2018 Medium

    Extending the Rsc1A1–SGLT1 axis to brain, RS1-KO mice showed attenuated SGLT1 upregulation after traumatic brain injury with reduced edema and lesion size, broadening the physiological relevance of RS1-mediated SGLT1 regulation beyond epithelia.

    Evidence RS1-KO mouse traumatic brain injury model with qPCR, lesion volumetry, and behavioral assay

    PMID:30022488

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanistic link between Rsc1A1 and SGLT1 transcription in neurons is indirect
    • Whether the neuroprotection is solely SGLT1-dependent or involves other targets is unknown
  9. 2021 Medium

    Replication of the RS1 loss-of-function phenotype in a rat KO model — early schisis cavities, misplaced photoreceptors, and progressive degeneration rescued by AAV8-RS1 — confirmed cross-species conservation and validated gene therapy approaches.

    Evidence Rs1h-/y exon 3 deletion rat, histology, ERG, AAV8-RS1 rescue

    PMID:34548657

    Open questions at the time
    • Long-term durability of AAV-RS1 rescue in the rat not established
    • Whether the rat model fully recapitulates human X-linked retinoschisis progression is not determined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The direct retinal membrane receptor for RS1 octamer, the atomic-resolution structure of the complex, and the mechanism by which RS1 maintains synaptic protein localization at bipolar cell dendritic tips remain unresolved.
  • No retinal membrane receptor for RS1 has been identified
  • Atomic-resolution structure of the RS1 octamer is lacking
  • Mechanism coupling RS1 to TRPM1/Gαo retention at synaptic tips is unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 3 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 1
Pathway
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2
Partners
CRXSGLT1TRPM1

Evidence

Reading pass · 9 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2005 RS1 (retinoschisin) exists as a novel disulfide-linked homo-octamer in which eight subunits are joined by Cys59-Cys223 intermolecular disulfide bonds, with subunits further organized into dimers mediated by Cys40-Cys40 bonds; within the discoidin domain, two cysteine pairs (Cys63-Cys219 and Cys110-Cys142) form intramolecular disulfide bonds important for protein folding, and Cys83 exists in reduced state. SDS gel electrophoresis, velocity sedimentation, mass spectrometry The Journal of biological chemistry High 15644328
2016 RS1 (retinoschisin) octamer has a cog-wheel architecture of two stacked rings, with the discoidin domain projecting outward and the Rs1 domain and C-terminal segment containing intermolecular disulfide bonds forming the inner core, as determined by single-particle electron microscopy and 3D reconstruction. Single particle electron microscopy, 3D reconstruction, molecular modelling PloS one High 26812435
2015 Loss of RS1 (retinoschisin) in the Rs1-KO retina disrupts the mGluR6/TRPM1-signaling cascade at the photoreceptor-depolarizing bipolar cell (DBC) synapse; specifically, TRPM1, Gαo, Gβ5, and RGS11 are progressively lost from postsynaptic DBC dendritic tips, while mGluR6 and RGS7 maintain proper synaptic position. AAV8-RS1 gene transfer to adult XLRS mice restored TRPM1 and signaling molecules to dendritic tips and restored DBC resting membrane potential. Immunohistochemistry, electrophysiology, AAV gene delivery, Rs1-KO mouse model The Journal of clinical investigation High 26098217
2012 Loss of RS1 (retinoschisin) in Rs1-KO mice elevates the luminance threshold for light-driven transducin translocation by 10-fold at P21 (recoverable by P60), indicating delayed structural and functional maturation of rod outer segments; transducin expression was reduced and RGS9 levels elevated, while arrestin translocation was unaffected. Immunofluorescence, electroretinography, biochemical fractionation in Rs1-KO mouse model The Journal of neuroscience High 22993419
2008 CRX (cone-rod homeobox transcription factor) directly drives retinal expression of RS1 through two nearby CRX-responsive elements (CREs) in the proximal -177/+32 RS1 promoter, as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation showing CRX, CBP, P300, GCN5, and acetylated histone H3 association with the RS1 promoter in vivo, and by transgenic Xenopus expressing GFP under RS1 promoter control showing photoreceptor and bipolar cell expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), site-directed mutagenesis, reporter assays, transgenic Xenopus laevis Nucleic acids research High 18927113
2001 The plasma membrane-associated protein RS1 (pRS1/Rsc1A1) decreases transcription of the Na+-D-glucose cotransporter SGLT1; in confluent LLC-PK1 cells overexpressing pRS1, SGLT1 mRNA, protein, and glucose uptake were drastically reduced, while pRS1 antisense cells showed strongly increased SGLT1 mRNA and protein. Nuclear run-on assays confirmed a 10-fold increase in SGLT1 transcription upon pRS1 knockdown. Western blot, mRNA quantification, nuclear run-on assay, glucose uptake assay in LLC-PK1 cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 11562363
2018 RS1 (Rsc1A1) deficiency in mice limits cerebral SGLT1 expression after traumatic brain injury (TBI); RS1-KO mice showed attenuated SGLT1 mRNA upregulation in the ipsilateral cortex after TBI, reduced lesion volume by 12%, reduced brain edema by 28%, and improved motor performance, without affecting glucose/glycogen accumulation or inflammatory cytokine upregulation. RS1-KO mouse model, TBI model, qPCR, lesion volume measurement, beam walking test Journal of neurochemistry Medium 30022488
2021 An Rs1h-/y exon 3 deletion rat model lacking RS1 protein develops early-onset schisis cavities, misplaced photoreceptors, and progressive photoreceptor loss; AAV8-RS1 gene delivery improved retinal structure, demonstrating that RS1 is required for photoreceptor cell maintenance and inner nuclear layer organization. Knockout rat model, histology, electroretinography, AAV gene therapy rescue Gene therapy Medium 34548657
2000 RS protein is a 20-kDa microtubule-associated protein that co-localizes with beta-tubulin in the sperm flagellum axoneme in humans; in rats it is additionally abundant in the sperm head, as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy with specific antibody. Immunofluorescence microscopy, antibody co-localization with beta-tubulin Molecular reproduction and development Low 10618658

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2014 The tumor radiobiology of SRS and SBRT: are more than the 5 Rs involved? International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 425 24411596
2016 RS-1 enhances CRISPR/Cas9- and TALEN-mediated knock-in efficiency. Nature communications 322 26817820
2002 Nuclear export and retention signals in the RS domain of SR proteins. Molecular and cellular biology 146 12215544
2000 Chemokines, sTNF-Rs and sCD30 serum levels in healthy aged people and centenarians. Mechanisms of ageing and development 131 11164458
2000 Pre-mRNA splicing in the absence of an SR protein RS domain. Genes & development 130 11124808
2006 RS domains contact splicing signals and promote splicing by a common mechanism in yeast through humans. Genes & development 116 16766678
2001 DNA methylation is linked to deacetylation of histone H3, but not H4, on the imprinted genes Snrpn and U2af1-rs1. Molecular and cellular biology 111 11463825
2005 RS1, a discoidin domain-containing retinal cell adhesion protein associated with X-linked retinoschisis, exists as a novel disulfide-linked octamer. The Journal of biological chemistry 104 15644328
2002 Cyclin L is an RS domain protein involved in pre-mRNA splicing. The Journal of biological chemistry 99 11980906
2015 Synaptic pathology and therapeutic repair in adult retinoschisis mouse by AAV-RS1 transfer. The Journal of clinical investigation 93 26098217
2005 X-linked retinoschisis: clinical phenotype and RS1 genotype in 86 UK patients. Journal of medical genetics 92 15937075
1999 RS-127445: a selective, high affinity, orally bioavailable 5-HT2B receptor antagonist. British journal of pharmacology 92 10455251
2005 How Fanconi anemia proteins promote the four Rs: replication, recombination, repair, and recovery. Environmental and molecular mutagenesis 86 15668941
1997 Mouse U2af1-rs1 is a neomorphic imprinted gene. Molecular and cellular biology 85 9001233
2001 A genome-wide survey of RS domain proteins. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 83 11780626
2014 Calories, carbohydrates, and cancer therapy with radiation: exploiting the five R's through dietary manipulation. Cancer metastasis reviews 81 24436017
2000 Phenotypic expression of juvenile X-linked retinoschisis in Swedish families with different mutations in the XLRS1 gene. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) 76 10922205
1995 An accurate stepwise electrocardiographic algorithm for localization of accessory pathways in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome from a comprehensive analysis of delta waves and R/S ratio during sinus rhythm. The American journal of cardiology 75 7793401
2021 Hypoxia in Solid Tumors: How Low Oxygenation Impacts the "Six Rs" of Radiotherapy. Frontiers in endocrinology 74 34539584
2016 The 3 Rs of Stroke Biology: Radial, Relayed, and Regenerative. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics 69 26602550
2004 The mouse Murr1 gene is imprinted in the adult brain, presumably due to transcriptional interference by the antisense-oriented U2af1-rs1 gene. Molecular and cellular biology 66 14673161
1999 Juvenile X-linked retinoschisis from XLRS1 Arg213Trp mutation with preservation of the electroretinogram scotopic b-wave. American journal of ophthalmology 65 10458173
2007 SUMO, the three Rs and cancer. Current topics in microbiology and immunology 61 17217038
2011 X-linked retinoschisis: RS1 mutation severity and age affect the ERG phenotype in a cohort of 68 affected male subjects. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 58 22039241
2004 The four Rs of RNA-directed evolution. Nature genetics 55 14702037
1999 Somatic hypermutation and the three R's: repair, replication and recombination. Mutation research 52 10095138
1999 Mutations of the XLRS1 gene cause abnormalities of photoreceptor as well as inner retinal responses of the ERG. Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology 50 10947001
2021 Astrocytic IP3Rs: Beyond IP3R2. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 49 34393726
2020 Regulation of GABAARs by Transmembrane Accessory Proteins. Trends in neurosciences 49 33234346
1997 Parental chromosome-specific chromatin conformation in the imprinted U2af1-rs1 gene in the mouse. The Journal of biological chemistry 46 9252416
2017 The urinary microbiome and its contribution to lower urinary tract symptoms; ICI-RS 2015. Neurourology and urodynamics 45 28444712
1995 RS 39604: a potent, selective and orally active 5-HT4 receptor antagonist. British journal of pharmacology 44 7582507
2011 Abnormal cone structure in foveal schisis cavities in X-linked retinoschisis from mutations in exon 6 of the RS1 gene. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 41 22110067
2003 Clinical features of X linked juvenile retinoschisis associated with new mutations in the XLRS1 gene in Italian families. The British journal of ophthalmology 41 12928282
1999 Novel mutations in XLRS1 causing retinoschisis, including first evidence of putative leader sequence change. Human mutation 38 10533068
1999 Splicing factor SF1 from Drosophila and Caenorhabditis: presence of an N-terminal RS domain and requirement for viability. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 38 10606272
2019 Summary of head-to-head comparisons of patient risk classifications by the 21-gene Recurrence Score® (RS) assay and other genomic assays for early breast cancer. International journal of cancer 35 30653259
2000 Characterization of two unusual RS1 gene deletions segregating in Danish retinoschisis families. Human mutation 35 11013441
2004 Serotonin(7) receptors (5-HT(7)Rs) and their ligands. Current medicinal chemistry 34 15032609
2017 Epilepsy and intellectual disability linked protein Shrm4 interaction with GABABRs shapes inhibitory neurotransmission. Nature communications 33 28262662
2003 Novel type of specialized transduction for CTX phi or its satellite phage RS1 mediated by filamentous phage VGJ phi in Vibrio cholerae. Journal of bacteriology 33 14645284
2012 Anandamide regulates the expression of GnRH1, GnRH2, and GnRH-Rs in frog testis. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 32 22669247
2007 Paradigms for the three rs: DNA replication, recombination, and repair. Molecular cell 32 18082594
2021 Immune function in X-linked retinoschisis subjects in an AAV8-RS1 phase I/IIa gene therapy trial. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 30 33601057
2014 Urothelial mucosal signaling and the overactive bladder-ICI-RS 2013. Neurourology and urodynamics 30 24838393
2008 MERISTEM-DEFECTIVE, an RS domain protein, is required for the correct meristem patterning and function in Arabidopsis. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 30 19000164
2020 Cardiomyopathy-associated mutations in the RS domain affect nuclear localization of RBM20. Human mutation 29 32840935
2010 IgM, Fc mu Rs, and malarial immune evasion. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 28 20410497
1997 Aberrant methylation of an imprinted gene U2af1-rs1(SP2) caused by its own transgene. The Journal of biological chemistry 28 9083040
1995 Isolation and mapping of human homologues of an imprinted mouse gene U2af1-rs1. Genomics 28 8586425
2002 Inhibition of histone deacetylases alters allelic chromatin conformation at the imprinted U2af1-rs1 locus in mouse embryonic stem cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 11821379
2000 X-linked retinoschisis with point mutations in the XLRS1 gene. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) 27 10636421
1998 Japanese juvenile retinoschisis is caused by mutations of the XLRS1 gene. Human genetics 27 9760195
2007 Clinical features of X linked juvenile retinoschisis in Chinese families associated with novel mutations in the RS1 gene. Molecular vision 26 17615541
2001 The plasma membrane-associated protein RS1 decreases transcription of the transporter SGLT1 in confluent LLC-PK1 cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 26 11562363
2013 BDNF rs 6265 polymorphism and COMT rs 4680 polymorphism in deficit schizophrenia in Polish sample. Pharmacological reports : PR 25 24399714
2011 Lutzomyia (Pintomyia) fischeri (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), a probable vector of American cutaneous leishmaniasis: detection of natural infection by Leishmania (Viannia) DNA in specimens from the municipality of Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil, using multiplex PCR assay. Acta tropica 25 21939631
1995 Protein kinase A regulates the degradation rate of Rs acetylcholine receptors. Journal of cellular physiology 25 7559804
2023 Loss of function of SSIIIa and SSIIIb coordinately confers high RS content in cooked rice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 24 37126676
2015 A Nematode Calreticulin, Rs-CRT, Is a Key Effector in Reproduction and Pathogenicity of Radopholus similis. PloS one 24 26061142
2015 Safety and Biodistribution Evaluation of rAAV2tYF-CB-hRS1, a Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Expressing Retinoschisin, in RS1-Deficient Mice. Human gene therapy. Clinical development 23 26390091
2000 The oocyte-specific methylated region of the U2afbp-rs/U2af1-rs1 gene is dispensable for its imprinted methylation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 23 10679248
2000 Clinical characteristics of 14 japanese patients with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis associated with XLRS1 mutation. Ophthalmic genetics 23 11035549
2004 Four Japanese male patients with juvenile retinoschisis: only three have mutations in the RS1 gene. American journal of ophthalmology 22 15531314
2004 Expanding the three Rs to meet new challenges in humane animal experimentation. Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA 21 15656775
2020 Stem Cell-Induced Inflammation in Cholesteatoma is Inhibited by the TLR4 Antagonist LPS-RS. Cells 20 31947538
2012 Loss of retinoschisin (RS1) cell surface protein in maturing mouse rod photoreceptors elevates the luminance threshold for light-driven translocation of transducin but not arrestin. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 20 22993419
2020 An unexpected turn of fortune: targeting TRAIL-Rs in KRAS-driven cancer. Cell death discovery 19 32194994
2020 Clinical findings and RS1 genotype in 90 Chinese families with X-linked retinoschisis. Molecular vision 19 32300273
2019 New targets for overactive bladder-ICI-RS 2109. Neurourology and urodynamics 19 31737931
2016 The three Rs: Recruitment, Retention and Residence of leukocytes in the liver. Clinical & translational immunology 19 28435674
2015 Racemic R,S-venlafaxine hydrochloride-DNA interaction: experimental and computational evidence. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy 19 25801443
2013 An RS motif within the Epstein-Barr virus BLRF2 tegument protein is phosphorylated by SRPK2 and is important for viral replication. PloS one 19 23326445
2003 Three novel mutations in the X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS1) gene in 6 Japanese patients, 1 of whom had Turner's syndrome. Ophthalmic research 19 12920343
2001 Three R's of bacterial evolution: how replication, repair, and recombination frame the origin of species. Environmental and molecular mutagenesis 19 11746762
2021 Rs1h-/y exon 3-del rat model of X-linked retinoschisis with early onset and rapid phenotype is rescued by RS1 supplementation. Gene therapy 17 34548657
2018 What are the origins and relevance of spontaneous bladder contractions? ICI-RS 2017. Neurourology and urodynamics 17 29360173
2016 Cog-Wheel Octameric Structure of RS1, the Discoidin Domain Containing Retinal Protein Associated with X-Linked Retinoschisis. PloS one 17 26812435
1998 Evolution by fusion and amplification: the murine Sp100-rs gene cluster. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 17 9678363
1989 Metabolism of 24(R,S),25-epiminolanosterol to 25-aminolanosterol and lanosterol by Gibberella fujikuroi. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 17 2751307
2020 Modulation of flight and feeding behaviours requires presynaptic IP3Rs in dopaminergic neurons. eLife 16 33155978
2000 Identification of RS as a flagellar and head sperm protein. Molecular reproduction and development 16 10618658
1998 Novel mutations in the XLRS1 gene may be caused by early Okazaki fragment sequence replacement. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 16 9699564
2016 Implications for bidirectional signaling between afferent nerves and urothelial cells-ICI-RS 2014. Neurourology and urodynamics 15 26872567
2013 Tumor necrosis factor alpha -238G/A (rs 361525) gene polymorphism predicts progression to type-2 diabetes in an Eastern Indian population with prediabetes. Diabetes research and clinical practice 15 23298660
2008 CRX controls retinal expression of the X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (RS1) gene. Nucleic acids research 15 18927113
2018 Chromatographic separation of R-(-)/S-(+)-enantiomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine: differentiation between single methamphetamine consumption and co-consumption with amphetamine using enantioselective quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis. International journal of legal medicine 14 30564915
2014 RS1 satellite phage promotes diversity of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae by driving CTX prophage loss and elimination of lysogenic immunity. Infection and immunity 14 24935981
2013 Activated DDR1 increases RS cell survival. Blood 14 24357706
2008 Molecular analysis of the XLRS1 gene in 4 females affected with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis. Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie 14 18982040
2005 Characterisation of (R/S)-propafenone and its metabolites as substrates and inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 14 15900513
2022 Feasibility analysis and mechanism exploration of Rhei Radix et Rhizome-Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus (RS) against COVID-19. Journal of medical microbiology 13 35584000
2018 RS1 (Rsc1A1) deficiency limits cerebral SGLT1 expression and delays brain damage after experimental traumatic brain injury. Journal of neurochemistry 13 30022488
2015 Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Gene Promoter (rs 3918242) Mutation Reduces the Risk of Diabetic Microvascular Complications. International journal of environmental research and public health 13 26184271
2012 Resolve, revise, and relax: the 3 Rs of B cell repertoire adjustment. Immunology letters 13 22330846
2007 Genetic variations in the hotspot region of RS1 gene in Indian patients with juvenile X-linked retinoschisis. Molecular vision 13 17515881
1985 Structure and physical map of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides bacteriophage RS1 DNA. Journal of virology 13 2989552
2020 Differential Coassembly of α1-GABAARs Associated with Epileptic Encephalopathy. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 12 32513829
2009 Classical RS1 and environmental RS1 elements in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains harbouring a tandem repeat of CTX prophage: revisiting Mozambique in 2005. Journal of medical microbiology 12 20007761
1999 Identification of four novel mutations of the XLRS1 gene in Japanese patients with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis. Mutation in brief no. 234. Online. Human mutation 12 10220153