Affinage

RPS6KA3

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-3 · UniProt P51812

Length
740 aa
Mass
83.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 47 papers cited in narrative 47 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

RSK2 (RPS6KA3) is a serine/threonine kinase that couples the RAS–MAPK cascade to gene transcription, chromatin remodeling, cell survival, and cytoskeletal dynamics, originally identified as the growth factor-stimulated CREB kinase that phosphorylates CREB at Ser133 to drive immediate-early gene transcription (PMID:8688081, PMID:9770464). Its activation is governed by a multi-step, dual-kinase-domain mechanism: the C-terminal kinase domain phosphorylates Ser386 to create a phosphoserine docking site that recruits and activates PDK1, which in turn phosphorylates Ser227 in the substrate-active N-terminal kinase domain (PMID:10856237), while the N-terminal domain is itself required for activation of the ERK-controlled C-terminal domain (PMID:19435896); in oocytes RSK2 forms a heteromeric complex with p42 MAP kinase through its extreme C-terminus and is directly activatable by MAP kinase in vitro (PMID:10934212). Receptor tyrosine kinase and Src-family input tunes this circuit, as Src/Fyn phosphorylate Tyr529 and FGFR3 phosphorylates Tyr529/Tyr707 to facilitate ERK recruitment and relieve autoinhibition (PMID:18156174, PMID:19223461). Through a broad substrate repertoire, RSK2 phosphorylates transcriptional and chromatin effectors (CREB, histone H3, c-Fos Ser362, ATF4) to control immediate-early transcription, c-Fos stability, osteoblast differentiation, and chromatin remodeling (PMID:10436156, PMID:9920881, PMID:15109498, PMID:15719069), promotes cell survival by phosphorylating Bad (Ser112), caspase-8 (Thr263), and ASK1 to block apoptosis and anoikis (PMID:11983683, PMID:21183680, PMID:23608533), and regulates cytoskeletal and membrane dynamics by phosphorylating PLD1 (Thr147) for exocytosis and neurite outgrowth, stathmin (Ser16) and the RhoGEF LARG (Ser1288) for cell motility, and RLC20 (Ser19) with NHE-1 for smooth muscle contractility and blood pressure control (PMID:18550821, PMID:24336713, PMID:27041561, PMID:29279389, PMID:30377223). RSK2 localization is dynamically controlled: it is sequestered in cytoplasmic stress granules via TIA-1 binding and released upon mitogen stimulation to shuttle into the nucleus where it drives cyclin D1 and proliferation, a function modulated by the scaffold PEA-15 and by ERα-mediated nuclear retention (PMID:18775331, PMID:18077417, PMID:29351904). Loss-of-function mutations in RSK2 that abolish its kinase activity cause Coffin-Lowry syndrome (PMID:8955270).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 1996 High

    Establishing RSK2's core function and disease relevance: it was defined as the growth factor-activated CREB kinase that links RAS-MAPK signaling to transcription, and concurrently shown to cause Coffin-Lowry syndrome through loss of kinase activity.

    Evidence Protein purification, sequencing, and in vitro/in vivo kinase assays; mutation screening with S6 kinase activity assay of mutant proteins

    PMID:8688081 PMID:8955270

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve the upstream activation steps beyond MAPK
    • Did not establish which substrates mediate the disease phenotype
  2. 1998 High

    Patient-cell loss-of-function with rescue confirmed RSK2 is specifically required for EGF-induced CREB Ser133 phosphorylation and c-fos induction, tying the kinase to a defined transcriptional output.

    Evidence CLS patient fibroblast loss-of-function, transfection rescue, in vivo phosphorylation and reporter assays

    PMID:9770464

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address other RSK2-dependent transcription factors
    • Did not map the activation hierarchy
  3. 1999 High

    Genetic knockout and patient-cell studies extended RSK2's reach to chromatin, showing it mediates EGF-stimulated (but not mitotic) histone H3 phosphorylation, and identified it as the c-Fos kinase phosphorylating Ser362.

    Evidence CLS patient cells and knockout ES cells with rescue; affinity purification, mass spectrometry, and in vitro kinase assays

    PMID:10436156 PMID:9920881

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish whether H3 phosphorylation is direct or via an intermediate kinase
    • Did not resolve overlap between CREB kinase and Fos kinase identities
  4. 2000 High

    Reconstituted biochemistry solved the activation mechanism: Ser386 phosphorylation creates a PDK1 docking site driving Ser227 phosphorylation, and RSK2 forms a stable MAP kinase complex via its C-terminus.

    Evidence Co-IP, mutagenesis, in vitro kinase assays with synthetic phosphopeptide, peptide competition, and in vitro reconstitution

    PMID:10856237 PMID:10934212

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address tyrosine-phosphorylation inputs
    • Did not resolve the role of the N-terminal domain in CTD activation
  5. 2001 High

    RSK2 activity was coupled to coactivator control, showing it forms a mutually inhibitory complex with CBP that dissociates upon Ser227-dependent activation to release both kinase and HAT activities.

    Evidence Reciprocal co-IP, kinase and HAT activity assays, Ser227 mutagenesis

    PMID:11564891

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the binding interface
    • Did not establish in vivo transcriptional consequences
  6. 2003 High

    Identification of PEA-15 as a direct, RSK2-selective binding partner revealed spatial regulation: it blocks RSK2 nuclear accumulation and dampens its kinase and transcriptional output.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro pulldown, kinase, reporter, and nuclear localization assays

    PMID:12796492

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not yet establish the scaffolding mechanism on ERK
    • Did not address physiological relevance in tissues
  7. 2004 High

    Genetic dissection linked RSK2 to skeletal biology through ATF4 phosphorylation, explaining the CLS bone phenotype via osteoblast differentiation and collagen synthesis.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay, RSK2 and ATF4 knockout mice, osteoblast differentiation and gene expression assays

    PMID:15109498

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not map the ATF4 phosphosite
    • Did not address other skeletal substrates
  8. 2005 High

    RSK2 was shown to stabilize c-Fos via Ser362 phosphorylation, defining a pro-tumorigenic role in osteosarcoma cell survival and proliferation.

    Evidence RSK2 knockout mice, c-Fos phosphosite mutagenesis, osteosarcoma formation and apoptosis/proliferation assays

    PMID:15719069

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address human tumor relevance
    • Did not define degradation machinery for unphosphorylated c-Fos
  9. 2007 High

    Tyrosine-kinase inputs and scaffolding were defined: Src/Fyn and FGFR3 phosphorylate Tyr529 to promote ERK binding and RSK2 activation, and PEA-15 was shown to scaffold ERK-RSK2 association, while RSK2 was also placed in calcium signaling via NFAT3.

    Evidence Phosphoproteomics, in vitro kinase assays, co-IP, mutagenesis, Src inhibitor, knockout/knockdown cells, and rescue

    PMID:17213202 PMID:17785202 PMID:18077417 PMID:18156174

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish the full structural basis of ERK recruitment
    • Did not resolve relative contributions of Src vs FGFR3 in different cell types
  10. 2008 High

    Subcellular trafficking was resolved: RSK2 is sequestered in stress granules through TIA-1 binding and released upon mitogen stimulation to enter the nucleus and drive cyclin D1 and proliferation; RSK2 was also linked to regulated exocytosis via PLD1 Thr147.

    Evidence Colocalization, co-IP, domain mapping, siRNA, nuclear localization and cyclin D1 reporter assays; in vitro kinase, phosphomimetic rescue in chromaffin cells

    PMID:18550821 PMID:18775331

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the shuttling signal at residue level
    • Did not establish which nuclear substrates drive cyclin D1
  11. 2009 High

    FGFR3 docking and intramolecular activation logic were refined: FGFR3 binds the RSK2 linker (W332) to phosphorylate Tyr529/Tyr707, and the N-terminal domain was shown to be required for activation of the ERK-driven C-terminal domain.

    Evidence Co-IP, multi-site mutagenesis, in vitro kinase assay, bone marrow transplant; homology modeling/docking validated by mutagenesis

    PMID:19223461 PMID:19435896

    Open questions at the time
    • NTD activation model rests on a single lab with computational validation
    • Did not resolve the autoinhibitory αL-helix structure experimentally
  12. 2011 Medium

    RSK2's anti-apoptotic and genome-protective substrate set expanded to caspase-8 (Thr263, promoting degradation) and histone H2AX (Ser16/Ser139, enhancing stability), implicating it in survival and transformation control.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assays, site mutagenesis, knockout cells, proteasome and apoptosis/transformation assays

    PMID:21183680 PMID:21224359

    Open questions at the time
    • Each rests on single-lab evidence
    • Did not establish reciprocal regulation in tissue contexts
  13. 2013 Medium

    A coherent cytoskeletal/motility program emerged: RSK2 inactivates integrins, phosphorylates stathmin (Ser16) and LARG (Ser1288) to control microtubules and RhoA, drives PLD1-dependent neurite outgrowth, suppresses ASK1, and upregulates fascin-1 via CREB, while also phosphorylating FGFR1 (Ser789) to control receptor endocytosis.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro kinase assays, siRNA/knockout, phosphomimetic rescue, migration/invasion/endocytosis assays, knockout neuron models with TIRF

    PMID:23118220 PMID:23608533 PMID:24085294 PMID:24141780 PMID:24336713 PMID:27041561 PMID:29279389

    Open questions at the time
    • Most substrate links derive from individual labs
    • Did not integrate competing motility substrates into one quantitative model
  14. 2018 High

    Physiological and oncogenic roles were extended in vivo: RSK2 drives smooth muscle contractility (RLC20 Ser19, NHE-1) and blood pressure, and ERα-mediated nuclear sequestration of RSK2 promotes a proneoplastic transcriptional network in breast tissue.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay, Rsk2 knockout mice with physiological readouts; co-IP, fractionation, transgenic mouse breast cancer model

    PMID:29351904 PMID:30377223

    Open questions at the time
    • ERα-RSK2 axis rests on a single study
    • Did not define the full nuclear transcriptional targets
  15. 2020 Medium

    RSK2 was placed in stress-response and feedback circuits: it phosphorylates AMPKα2 (Thr172) to promote ER-stress autophagy and VGLL1 (Ser84) to drive TEAD4/MMP9 transcription, while RSK2-inactivating mutations relieve SOS1/2 feedback to activate MAPK in liver cancer.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro kinase assays, knockdown, autophagy assays; ChIP/EMSA/reporter; exome sequencing, RNA-seq, MS, xenografts

    PMID:32918955 PMID:32958832 PMID:33069758

    Open questions at the time
    • Context-dependent tumor-promoting vs tumor-suppressive roles remain unreconciled
    • Each mechanism rests on single-lab evidence
  16. 2023 Medium

    RSK2 was established as a driver of axon regeneration via control of RPS6 phosphorylation, completing a neuronal role spanning neurogenesis, opioid analgesia, and regeneration.

    Evidence RSK2 knockout mice, in vivo axon injury/regeneration assays, DRG culture, AAV shRNA, electrophysiology

    PMID:37068088

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define whether RPS6 phosphorylation is direct
    • Did not link the neuronal phenotype to CLS cognitive features

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How RSK2's broad substrate selection is spatially and temporally partitioned across competing transcriptional, survival, and cytoskeletal programs in a given cell remains unresolved.
  • No unifying framework reconciling tumor-suppressive (HCC) versus oncogenic (breast, lung, gastric) roles
  • No structural model of the full activated dual-kinase-domain holoenzyme with bound partners
  • Substrate prioritization mechanisms under different stimuli are uncharacterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 8 GO:0016740 transferase activity 5 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 4 GO:0042393 histone binding 2 GO:0140657 ATP-dependent activity 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 4 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 5 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 5 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 3 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 2 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 1
Partners
CREBBPESR1FGFR3LARGMAPK1PDK1PEA15TIA1

Evidence

Reading pass · 47 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1996 RSK2 (pp90RSK family) was purified, sequenced, and biochemically characterized as CREB kinase — the kinase that phosphorylates CREB at Ser-133 in response to growth factor-stimulated RAS-MAPK signaling, thereby coupling the RAS-MAPK pathway to immediate early gene transcription. Protein purification, sequencing, in vitro kinase assay, in vivo phosphorylation assay Science High 8688081
1996 Mutations in RSK2 (Rsk-2 gene) cause Coffin-Lowry syndrome; missense mutations affecting sites critical for RSK2 function render the protein inactive in S6 kinase assays, establishing loss of kinase activity as the disease mechanism. Mutation screening, in vitro S6 kinase activity assay Nature High 8955270
1998 RSK2 activity is specifically required for EGF-induced CREB Ser-133 phosphorylation and c-fos gene induction; CLS fibroblasts lacking functional RSK2 show dramatically attenuated EGF-stimulated CREB phosphorylation and c-fos expression, restored by wild-type RSK2 re-expression. Loss-of-function in CLS patient fibroblasts, transfection rescue, in vivo phosphorylation assay, reporter assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 9770464
1999 RSK2 is required for EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of histone H3; CLS patient fibroblasts and RSK2-knockout mouse ES cells fail to exhibit EGF-stimulated H3 phosphorylation, while mitotic H3 phosphorylation is unaffected; re-introduction of wild-type RSK2 restores EGF-stimulated H3 phosphorylation. Loss-of-function (CLS patient cells and homologous recombination knockout ES cells), rescue by wild-type RSK2 transfection Science High 10436156
1999 RSK2 (pp90rsk2) is identical to Fos kinase, which phosphorylates c-Fos at Ser-362 in a RAS/MEK-dependent manner; purified Fos kinase from NGF-stimulated PC12 cells was identified as pp90rsk2 by mass spectrometry and shown to be the same as NGFI-B kinase I. CREB kinase was distinguished as a distinct species from pp90rsk2. Affinity purification, mass spectrometry, in vitro kinase assay, chromatographic comparison The Journal of biological chemistry High 9920881
2000 Phosphorylation of RSK2 at Ser386 in the hydrophobic motif (by the C-terminal kinase domain) creates a phosphoserine-dependent docking site that recruits PDK1, which then phosphorylates RSK2 at Ser227 (activating the N-terminal kinase domain); a S386K mutant showed no PDK1 interaction or Ser227 phosphorylation; a synthetic pSer386 peptide activated PDK1 6-fold in vitro. Co-immunoprecipitation, mutagenesis, in vitro kinase assay with synthetic peptide, in vivo phosphorylation assay The EMBO journal High 10856237
2000 Xenopus Rsk2 is the predominant p90Rsk isozyme (~120 nM) in oocytes/eggs, forms a heteromeric complex with p42 MAP kinase via sequences at the extreme C-terminus of Rsk2, and can be activated in vitro by p42 MAP kinase to a specific activity comparable to maximal in vivo activation. Protein quantification, co-immunoprecipitation, peptide competition, in vitro kinase reconstitution The Journal of biological chemistry High 10934212
2001 RSK2 and CBP form a complex in quiescent cells in which both RSK2 kinase activity and CBP HAT activity are inhibited; mitogenic stimulation causes dissociation dependent on RSK2 Ser227 phosphorylation, releasing both kinase and acetyltransferase activities. Co-immunoprecipitation, kinase activity assay, HAT activity assay, mutagenesis (Ser227) Molecular and cellular biology High 11564891
2002 RSK2 directly phosphorylates Bad at Ser112 in vitro, and RSK2-deficient CLS cells are defective for UVB-induced Bad Ser112 phosphorylation; phosphorylation of Bad at Ser112 by RSK2 (and JNK1/MSK1) promotes dissociation of Bad from Bcl-XL. In vitro kinase assay with active RSK2, RSK2-deficient CLS cells, dominant-negative mutants, co-immunoprecipitation (Bad/Bcl-XL) The Journal of biological chemistry High 11983683
2003 PEA-15 binds directly to RSK2 (but not RSK1) via the C-terminus of PEA-15, co-precipitates in cells, blocks RSK2 nuclear accumulation after EGF stimulation, inhibits RSK2 kinase activity by ~50%, and suppresses RSK2-dependent CREB transcription and histone H3 phosphorylation. Co-immunoprecipitation from cells, in vitro pulldown with purified PEA-15 and in vitro translated RSK2, kinase assay, reporter assay, nuclear localization assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 12796492
2004 ATF4 is a direct substrate of RSK2; RSK2 phosphorylates ATF4 and is required for timely osteoblast differentiation, terminal osteoblast differentiation, osteoblast-specific gene expression, and posttranscriptional regulation of Type I collagen synthesis. ATF4 deficiency recapitulates the skeletal phenotype of CLS. In vitro kinase assay, genetic knockout mice (RSK2 and ATF4), osteoblast differentiation assays, gene expression analysis Cell High 15109498
2005 RSK2 phosphorylates c-Fos at Ser362, stabilizing c-Fos protein; loss of RSK2 leads to reduced c-Fos levels, decreased proliferation, and increased apoptosis of transformed osteoblasts, impairing c-Fos-dependent osteosarcoma formation in mice. RSK2 knockout mice, c-Fos phosphorylation site mutagenesis, osteosarcoma formation assay, apoptosis and proliferation assays The Journal of clinical investigation High 15719069
2007 FGFR3 directly tyrosine-phosphorylates RSK2 at Y529, facilitating binding of inactive ERK to RSK2, which is required for ERK-dependent phosphorylation and activation of RSK2; inhibition of RSK2 by siRNA or FMK induces apoptosis in FGFR3-expressing t(4;14)-positive myeloma cells. Phospho-proteomics, in vitro kinase assay (FGFR3 + RSK2), co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, apoptosis assay Cancer cell High 17785202
2007 RSK2 directly interacts with NFAT3 (via both N- and C-terminal kinase domains binding to NLS1/Ser-Pro/polyproline domains of NFAT3), phosphorylates NFAT3 in vitro (Km=3.559 μM), induces NFAT3 nuclear localization upon stimulation, and is required for skeletal muscle cell differentiation into myotubes. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, RSK2-/- cells, siRNA knockdown, myotube differentiation assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 17213202
2007 PEA-15 acts as a scaffold that independently binds ERK and RSK2, increases ERK-RSK2 association in a concentration-dependent manner, enhances RSK2 activity and CREB-mediated transcription, and this scaffolding function is regulated by PEA-15 phosphorylation. PEA-15-null lymphocytes show impaired RSK2 activation rescued by exogenous PEA-15. Co-immunoprecipitation, kinase activity assay, reporter assay, PEA-15 knockout lymphocytes, rescue by exogenous PEA-15 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 18077417
2007 EGF-stimulated RSK2 tyrosine phosphorylation at Tyr-529 is mediated by Src family kinases (Src and Fyn), not by EGFR directly; Src/Fyn phosphorylation of Y529 facilitates binding of inactive ERK to RSK2, required for ERK-dependent RSK2 activation; PP2 (Src inhibitor) attenuates EGF-dependent RSK2 activation and Y529 phosphorylation. Mass spectrometry identification, in vitro kinase assay (Src/Fyn + recombinant RSK2), GST-RSK2 reconstitution, mutagenesis (Y529F), Src inhibitor PP2 The Journal of biological chemistry High 18156174
2008 RSK2 colocalizes with TIA-1 and PABP1 in stress granules in stressed cells; the RSK2 N-terminal kinase domain directly interacts with the prion-related domain of TIA-1; RSK2 sequestration in granules and TIA-1 sequestration are codependent. Upon mitogen stimulation, RSK2 is released from stress granules and translocates to the nucleus via a C-terminal nucleocytoplasmic shuttling sequence, dependent on TIA-1; nuclear RSK2 alone is sufficient to induce cyclin D1 and enhance proliferation. Colocalization (fluorescence microscopy), co-immunoprecipitation, domain mapping, siRNA knockdown, nuclear localization assay, cyclin D1 reporter Molecular cell High 18775331
2008 RSK2 physically interacts with and phosphorylates PLD1 at Thr-147 in the phox homology domain; expression of inactive RSK2 mutants or RSK2 knockdown dramatically impairs exocytotic response in chromaffin cells; phosphomimetic PLD1-T147 mutant fully restores secretion in RSK2-depleted cells, placing RSK2 upstream of PLD1 in calcium-regulated exocytosis. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, dominant-negative mutants, siRNA knockdown, phosphomimetic rescue, chromaffin cell exocytosis assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 18550821
2009 FGFR3 interacts with RSK2 through residue W332 in the RSK2 linker region; this interaction is required for FGFR3-dependent phosphorylation of RSK2 at Y529 and Y707. Phosphorylation at Y707 contributes to RSK2 activation by disrupting the autoinhibitory αL-helix, while Y529 phosphorylation facilitates ERK binding. Co-immunoprecipitation, mutagenesis (W332, Y529, Y707), in vitro kinase assay, murine bone marrow transplant with RSK2-knockout cells Molecular and cellular biology High 19223461
2009 The RSK2 N-terminal kinase domain (NTD) is required for activation of the ERK-mediated C-terminal kinase domain (CTD); NTD plays a key role in substrate phosphorylation; Val82 and Lys100 in the NTD are critical for kaempferol binding and RSK2 activity, established by homology modeling, mutagenesis, and small-molecule docking. Mutagenesis (Val82, Lys100), homology model + docking validated by mutagenesis, kinase activity assay, domain deletion experiments Cancer research Medium 19435896
2010 RSK2 phosphorylates caspase-8 at Thr-263, promoting caspase-8 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in response to EGF; RSK2 thereby blocks Fas-induced apoptosis through phosphorylation of caspase-8. In vitro kinase assay, site-directed mutagenesis (Thr263), proteasome inhibition assay, Fas-induced apoptosis assay, RSK2 knockout cells The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 21183680
2010 ATF1 is a novel substrate of RSK2; RSK2 phosphorylates ATF1 at Ser-63, enhancing ATF1 transcriptional activity; eriodictyol binds the RSK2 NTD (confirmed by crystal structure docking and in vitro pulldown) and inhibits RSK2-mediated ATF1 phosphorylation. In vitro kinase assay, crystal structure-based docking, in vitro pulldown, cell-based phosphorylation assay, reporter assay The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 21098035
2011 RSK2 directly phosphorylates histone H2AX at both Ser139 and a newly identified site Ser16; EGF-induced phosphorylation at both sites is decreased in RSK2 knockout cells; RSK2-mediated H2AX phosphorylation enhances H2AX stability and prevents EGF-induced cell transformation; RSK2 and DNA-PK (but not ATM/ATR) are required for Ser139 phosphorylation, while only RSK2 is required for Ser16 phosphorylation. In vitro kinase assay, RSK2 knockout cells, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, cell transformation assay Cancer research Medium 21224359
2012 RSK2 mediates Ras/Raf-dependent inactivation of integrins: active RSK2 impairs cell adhesion and fibronectin matrix assembly, promotes cell motility, reduces actin stress fibers, disrupts focal adhesions, co-localizes with the integrin activator talin, promotes filamin phosphorylation and integrin binding, and is itself activated in response to fibronectin ligation. RSK2 siRNA knockdown, integrin activation assays, co-localization by immunofluorescence, fibronectin matrix assembly assay, migration assay, co-immunoprecipitation The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 23118220
2013 RSK2 phosphorylates PLD1 at Thr-147, activating PLD1 and promoting synthesis of phosphatidic acid at sites of neurite outgrowth; this RSK2→PLD1 pathway controls TiVAMP/VAMP-7 vesicle fusion and is required for NGF-induced neurite outgrowth; phosphomimetic PLD1 rescues neurite outgrowth in RSK2-silenced cells. RSK2 and PLD1 knockout mice neurons, siRNA, pharmacological inhibition, TIRF microscopy, phosphomimetic rescue in PC12 cells The Journal of neuroscience High 24336713
2013 RSK2-CREB signaling upregulates fascin-1 expression; RSK2 knockdown disrupts filopodia formation and bundling in invasive cancer cells; fascin-1 expression rescues the loss of invasion caused by RSK2 knockdown, establishing the RSK2→CREB→Fascin-1 axis in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. siRNA knockdown, RSK2 inhibitor (FMK-MEA), fascin-1 rescue expression, filopodia imaging, invasion assay, in vivo metastasis model The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 24085294
2013 RSK2 directly binds and phosphorylates stathmin at Ser16 at the leading edge of cancer cells, reducing stathmin-mediated microtubule depolymerization and promoting microtubule stability; phosphomimetic stathmin-S16D rescues the decreased invasive and metastatic potential caused by RSK2 knockdown. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, RSK2 siRNA knockdown, phosphomimetic rescue, invasion and metastasis assays Oncogene Medium 27041561
2013 RSK2 inhibits apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) by phosphorylating Ser83, Thr1109, and Thr1326; phospho-T1109/T1326 inhibits ATP binding to ASK1, and phospho-S83 attenuates ASK1 substrate MKK6 binding; RSK2 also provides antianoikis protection via CREB-mediated upregulation of PTK6 and downregulation of ING3. In vitro kinase assay, mutagenesis, ATP-binding assay, substrate binding assay, RSK2 knockdown, anoikis assay, gene expression analysis Molecular and cellular biology Medium 23608533
2013 RSK2 phosphorylates TRAF6 at Ser46, Ser47, and Ser48; this phosphorylation is required for TRAF6 K63 ubiquitination, which promotes downstream inflammation signaling (IKKα/β, p38, JNK); RSK2 knockout mice show reduced F4/80 and CD3 infiltration and reduced TRAF6 K63 ubiquitination in colon tissue. In vitro kinase assay, RSK2 knockout mice, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, colon inflammation model Oncogene Medium 29563609
2013 RSK2 interacts with FGFR1, confirmed by yeast two-hybrid and in vitro/in vivo experiments; phosphorylated RSK2 phosphorylates Ser789 in the C-terminal tail of FGFR1; RSK2 inhibition leads to prolonged FGFR1 tyrosine transphosphorylation; mutation of Ser789 to Ala or RSK2 inhibition reduces FGFR1 endocytosis and ubiquitination, explaining prolonged signaling. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, site-directed mutagenesis (S789A), FGFR1 endocytosis assay, ubiquitination assay Oncogene High 24141780
2015 RSK2 (but not RSK1) directly interacts with and phosphorylates NHE3 at Ser663 at the apical membrane domain, mediating LPA-induced NHE3 stimulation; Pyk2 maintains PDK1 autophosphorylation required for RSK2 activation upstream of NHE3. RSK2-specific siRNA knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation at apical membrane, in vitro phosphorylation assay, Ser663 mutagenesis, NHE3 transport activity assay American journal of physiology. Cell physiology Medium 25855080
2016 β-Trcp ubiquitin ligase and RSK2 cooperate to degrade FOXN2; RSK2 phosphorylates FOXN2 at Ser365 and Ser369 in a conserved DSGYAS motif, targeting it for β-Trcp-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, which promotes tumor growth and radioresistance in lung cancer. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, site-directed mutagenesis (Ser365, Ser369), ubiquitination assay, gain/loss-of-function studies Cell death and differentiation Medium 29396548
2017 RSK2 directly interacts with leukemia-associated RhoGEF (LARG) and nucleotide-bound Rho isoforms (RhoA, RhoB, RhoC but not Rac1 or Cdc42); EGF/FBS stimulation induces association of endogenous RSK2 with LARG; RSK2 phosphorylates LARG at Ser1288 to activate RhoA; Thr577 phosphorylation on RSK2 is essential for this; RSK2-mediated motility requires RhoA and RhoB but not RhoC. Co-immunoprecipitation (endogenous), in vitro kinase assay, mutagenesis (Ser1288, Thr577), RhoA activity assay, migration/invasion assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 29279389
2018 RSK2 phosphorylates the regulatory myosin light chain (RLC20) at Ser19 in vitro, promoting smooth muscle contractility; RSK2 also phosphorylates an activating site on NHE-1, causing cytosolic alkalinization and increased intracellular Ca2+ that promotes vasoconstriction; Rsk2-deficient mice show dilated resistance arteries, reduced myogenic tone, reduced RLC20 phosphorylation, suppressed NHE-1 activity, and lower blood pressure. In vitro kinase assay (RSK2 + RLC20), Rsk2 knockout mice (myogenic tone, blood pressure, pH and Ca2+ measurements), in situ phosphorylation analysis Science signaling High 30377223
2018 ERα physically interacts with RSK2 through its N-terminus and sequesters active RSK2 into the nucleus, where it activates a proneoplastic transcriptional network; antiestrogens disrupt the RSK2–ERα interaction, driving RSK2 into the cytoplasm; transgenic mice with stable nuclear RSK2 in the mammary gland develop high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ. Co-immunoprecipitation, nuclear fractionation, transgenic mouse model, in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models Cancer research Medium 29351904
2019 RSK2 directly interacts with ELK3 through its N-terminal kinase and linker domains binding to the D and C domains of ELK3, phosphorylates ELK3, and enhances c-fos promoter activity via ELK3; RSK2 deficiency reduces ELK3 nuclear localization. Co-immunoprecipitation (domain mapping), kinase assay, reporter assay (c-fos promoter), immunocytofluorescence, RSK2 knockdown/knockout International journal of molecular sciences Medium 31018569
2020 RSK2-inactivating mutations in HCC attenuate a SOS1/2-dependent negative feedback loop, leading to activation of MAPK signaling; restoring RSK2 expression in RSK2-null HCC cells suppresses proliferation and migration in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Exome sequencing, RSK2 re-expression in natural RSK2-null cells, RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, mass spectrometry, xenograft tumor model Journal of hepatology Medium 32918955
2020 RSK2 directly binds AMPKα2 in the nucleus and phosphorylates it at Thr172, promoting autophagy under ER stress; IRE1α (ER membrane UPR sensor) is required for ERK1/2-RSK2 activation under ER stress; suppression of RSK2-mediated autophagy enhances sensitivity to ER stress-inducing agents. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay (RSK2 + AMPKα2), IRE1α knockdown, RSK2 knockdown, autophagy assay, in vivo xenograft Oncogene Medium 32958832
2020 TGF-β activates ERK and RSK2, causing nuclear translocation of phosphorylated RSK2, which then phosphorylates VGLL1 at Ser84; phosphorylated VGLL1 acts as a transcription cofactor of TEAD4, activating MMP9 transcription to promote gastric cancer malignancy. Site-directed mutagenesis (Ser84), co-immunoprecipitation, EMSA, ChIP assay, immunoprecipitation, reporter assay Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research Medium 33069758
2022 GDH1 (phosphorylated by EGFR at Tyr135) and RSK2 cooperate to enhance CREB activity via CaMKIV signaling, promoting lung cancer metastasis; co-targeting RSK2 and GDH1 synergistically attenuates cancer cell invasion, anoikis resistance, and immune escape. siRNA knockdown, pharmacological inhibition, kinase assay, invasion/anoikis assay, CD8 T cell infiltration analysis, patient tumor correlation Cell reports Medium 36516759
2023 RSK2 controls RPS6 phosphorylation in neurons, which is essential for peripheral and central nervous system axon regeneration; RSK2 controls the peripheral nerve preconditioning effect; the RSK2-RPS6 axis drives CNS regeneration in the dorsal column, synaptic plasticity, and target innervation leading to functional recovery. RSK2 knockout mice, in vivo axon injury/regeneration assay, DRG neuron culture, adeno-associated virus shRNA knockdown, electrophysiology PLoS biology Medium 37068088
2012 RSK2 functions in the medial habenula to contribute to acute morphine analgesia; RSK2 knockout reduces acute morphine analgesia in the tail immersion test; AAV-mediated RSK2 knockdown specifically in the habenula recapitulates the reduced analgesia, suggesting a mu opioid receptor-RSK2 signaling mechanism in this brain region. RSK2 knockout mice, AAV-mediated shRNA knockdown in habenula, tail immersion test Neuropsychopharmacology Medium 22218090
2009 RSK2 knockdown in cells enhances influenza virus polymerase activity and viral growth; RSK2 knockdown reduces NF-κB- and IFN-β-dependent promoter stimulation in response to influenza; RSK2 knockdown suppresses influenza-induced PKR phosphorylation, placing RSK2 upstream of PKR in the innate antiviral response. siRNA knockdown, viral polymerase activity assay, reporter assays (NF-κB, IFN-β), PKR phosphorylation assay Journal of virology Medium 19129453
2003 RSK2-deficient cells are defective for UV-induced STAT3 Ser727 phosphorylation, restored by ectopic RSK2 re-expression; active RSK2 induces phosphorylation of STAT3 immunoprecipitates in vitro, requiring a cofactor or downstream kinase; ATM is required upstream for UVA-stimulated RSK2 activation. RSK2-deficient cells, rescue by ectopic RSK2 expression, in vitro kinase assay on STAT3 immunoprecipitates, dominant-negative STAT3-β, reporter assay The Journal of biological chemistry Low 12562765
2010 RSK2 interacts with and phosphorylates GSK3β at Ser9, inhibiting GSK3β activity; RSK2-deficient MEFs show reduced GSK3β Ser9 phosphorylation upon EGF and calcium ionophore stimulation. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, RSK2 knockout MEFs, rescue by RSK2 re-expression Biochemical and biophysical research communications Low 24055036
2014 RSK2 deficiency in TNF-α transgenic mice results in earlier and exacerbated arthritis with increased inflammatory cytokine production, MMP activity, and osteoclastogenic molecules; bone marrow from RSK2-null mice fails to transfer this phenotype, indicating RSK2 expression in mesenchymal (synovial fibroblast) cells controls synoviocyte hyperplasia and the course of arthritis. RSK2 knockout in TNFtg arthritis model, bone marrow transplant, in vitro FLS characterization, gene expression profiling Annals of the rheumatic diseases Medium 25414238
2010 RSK2 knockdown in cortical radial precursors (by shRNA in vitro and in utero electroporation in vivo) decreases neurogenesis and increases the proportion of proliferating Pax6-positive radial precursor cells, establishing that RSK2 is required for cortical radial precursors to differentiate into neurons (but is not required for astrocyte generation). shRNA knockdown in primary cortical precursors, in utero electroporation, immunostaining for neuronal and progenitor markers Developmental biology Medium 20832397

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1996 Coupling of the RAS-MAPK pathway to gene activation by RSK2, a growth factor-regulated CREB kinase. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1076 8688081
2004 ATF4 is a substrate of RSK2 and an essential regulator of osteoblast biology; implication for Coffin-Lowry Syndrome. Cell 656 15109498
1999 Requirement of Rsk-2 for epidermal growth factor-activated phosphorylation of histone H3. Science (New York, N.Y.) 406 10436156
1996 Mutations in the kinase Rsk-2 associated with Coffin-Lowry syndrome. Nature 319 8955270
2000 A phosphoserine-regulated docking site in the protein kinase RSK2 that recruits and activates PDK1. The EMBO journal 262 10856237
1998 Rsk-2 activity is necessary for epidermal growth factor-induced phosphorylation of CREB protein and transcription of c-fos gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 261 9770464
2023 The PTPN2/PTPN1 inhibitor ABBV-CLS-484 unleashes potent anti-tumour immunity. Nature 143 37794185
2008 Codependent functions of RSK2 and the apoptosis-promoting factor TIA-1 in stress granule assembly and cell survival. Molecular cell 131 18775331
2007 FGFR3 activates RSK2 to mediate hematopoietic transformation through tyrosine phosphorylation of RSK2 and activation of the MEK/ERK pathway. Cancer cell 127 17785202
1987 Complete cDNA sequence of human complement Cls and close physical linkage of the homologous genes Cls and Clr. Biochemistry 111 2831944
1988 Disruption of the Escherichia coli cls gene responsible for cardiolipin synthesis. Journal of bacteriology 108 2828323
2001 Mitogen-regulated RSK2-CBP interaction controls their kinase and acetylase activities. Molecular and cellular biology 106 11564891
2002 Expression analysis of RSK gene family members: the RSK2 gene, mutated in Coffin-Lowry syndrome, is prominently expressed in brain structures essential for cognitive function and learning. Human molecular genetics 92 12393804
2002 Activation of JNK1, RSK2, and MSK1 is involved in serine 112 phosphorylation of Bad by ultraviolet B radiation. The Journal of biological chemistry 84 11983683
2001 Mutations in the X-linked RSK2 gene (RPS6KA3) in patients with Coffin-Lowry syndrome. Human mutation 79 11180593
2005 Essential role of RSK2 in c-Fos-dependent osteosarcoma development. The Journal of clinical investigation 76 15719069
1998 Mutation analysis of the RSK2 gene in Coffin-Lowry patients: extensive allelic heterogeneity and a high rate of de novo mutations. American journal of human genetics 68 9837815
2007 RSK2 mediates muscle cell differentiation through regulation of NFAT3. The Journal of biological chemistry 65 17213202
2001 ERK2- and p90(Rsk2)-dependent pathways regulate the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta interaction with serum response factor. The Journal of biological chemistry 58 11500490
1999 Salicylic acid and aspirin inhibit the activity of RSK2 kinase and repress RSK2-dependent transcription of cyclic AMP response element binding protein- and NF-kappa B-responsive genes. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 56 10553090
2015 Magnolin inhibits cell migration and invasion by targeting the ERKs/RSK2 signaling pathway. BMC cancer 55 26253302
2010 Eriodictyol inhibits RSK2-ATF1 signaling and suppresses EGF-induced neoplastic cell transformation. The Journal of biological chemistry 54 21098035
2003 RSK2 activity is regulated by its interaction with PEA-15. The Journal of biological chemistry 54 12796492
2009 A regulatory mechanism for RSK2 NH(2)-terminal kinase activity. Cancer research 53 19435896
2016 Melatonin Represses Metastasis in Her2-Postive Human Breast Cancer Cells by Suppressing RSK2 Expression. Molecular cancer research : MCR 52 27535706
2014 Kaempferol targets RSK2 and MSK1 to suppress UV radiation-induced skin cancer. Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) 52 24994661
1998 A protein kinase C-, Ras-, and RSK2-dependent signal transduction pathway activates the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein transcription factor following T cell receptor engagement. The Journal of biological chemistry 51 9712919
2009 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 associates with and tyrosine phosphorylates p90 RSK2, leading to RSK2 activation that mediates hematopoietic transformation. Molecular and cellular biology 50 19223461
2013 Direct targeting of MEK1/2 and RSK2 by silybin induces cell-cycle arrest and inhibits melanoma cell growth. Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) 47 23447564
2013 The prometastatic ribosomal S6 kinase 2-cAMP response element-binding protein (RSK2-CREB) signaling pathway up-regulates the actin-binding protein fascin-1 to promote tumor metastasis. The Journal of biological chemistry 47 24085294
2003 Ataxia telangiectasia mutated proteins, MAPKs, and RSK2 are involved in the phosphorylation of STAT3. The Journal of biological chemistry 47 12562765
2012 RSK2 protein suppresses integrin activation and fibronectin matrix assembly and promotes cell migration. The Journal of biological chemistry 46 23118220
2007 ERK MAP kinase is targeted to RSK2 by the phosphoprotein PEA-15. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 46 18077417
2013 Luteolin suppresses UVB-induced photoageing by targeting JNK1 and p90 RSK2. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 45 23551430
2018 β-Trcp ubiquitin ligase and RSK2 kinase-mediated degradation of FOXN2 promotes tumorigenesis and radioresistance in lung cancer. Cell death and differentiation 44 29396548
2011 Ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RSK)-2 as a central effector molecule in RON receptor tyrosine kinase mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition induced by macrophage-stimulating protein. Molecular cancer 43 21619683
2020 RSK2-inactivating mutations potentiate MAPK signaling and support cholesterol metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of hepatology 42 32918955
2010 Phosphorylation of caspase-8 (Thr-263) by ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) mediates caspase-8 ubiquitination and stability. The Journal of biological chemistry 42 21183680
2008 The Coffin-Lowry syndrome-associated protein RSK2 is implicated in calcium-regulated exocytosis through the regulation of PLD1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 42 18550821
1999 Transcription factor phosphorylation by pp90(rsk2). Identification of Fos kinase and NGFI-B kinase I as pp90(rsk2). The Journal of biological chemistry 41 9920881
2017 RSK2 drives cell motility by serine phosphorylation of LARG and activation of Rho GTPases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 40 29279389
2013 The Coffin-Lowry syndrome-associated protein RSK2 regulates neurite outgrowth through phosphorylation of phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and synthesis of phosphatidic acid. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 40 24336713
2012 RSK2 as a key regulator in human skin cancer. Carcinogenesis 39 22918890
2006 Identification of novel mutations in the RSK2 gene (RPS6KA3) in patients with Coffin-Lowry syndrome. Clinical genetics 39 16879200
2014 Myricetin exerts anti-proliferative, anti-invasive, and pro-apoptotic effects on esophageal carcinoma EC9706 and KYSE30 cells via RSK2. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 38 25192723
2011 Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole guanylhydrazones as RSK2 inhibitors. European journal of medicinal chemistry 38 21794960
2016 RSK2 and its binding partners in cell proliferation, transformation and cancer development. Archives of pharmacal research 37 28013489
2011 Phosphorylation of H2AX at Ser139 and a new phosphorylation site Ser16 by RSK2 decreases H2AX ubiquitination and inhibits cell transformation. Cancer research 35 21224359
2006 Homology model of RSK2 N-terminal kinase domain, structure-based identification of novel RSK2 inhibitors, and preliminary common pharmacophore. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 35 16723234
2007 Critical role for Rsk2 in T-lymphocyte activation. Blood 34 17938253
2007 Epidermal growth factor stimulates RSK2 activation through activation of the MEK/ERK pathway and src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of RSK2 at Tyr-529. The Journal of biological chemistry 33 18156174
2019 RSK2-Mediated ELK3 Activation Enhances Cell Transformation and Breast Cancer Cell Growth by Regulation of c-fos Promoter Activity. International journal of molecular sciences 32 31018569
2022 EGFR-phosphorylated GDH1 harmonizes with RSK2 to drive CREB activation and tumor metastasis in EGFR-activated lung cancer. Cell reports 31 36516759
2012 MEK1-RSK2 contributes to Hedgehog signaling by stabilizing GLI2 transcription factor and inhibiting ubiquitination. Oncogene 30 23208494
2013 Targeting of magnolin on ERKs inhibits Ras/ERKs/RSK2-signaling-mediated neoplastic cell transformation. Carcinogenesis 29 24031026
2012 RSK2 signaling in medial habenula contributes to acute morphine analgesia. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 29 22218090
2012 RSK2(Ser227) at N-terminal kinase domain is a potential therapeutic target for multiple myeloma. Molecular cancer therapeutics 29 23012246
2002 Unusual splice-site mutations in the RSK2 gene and suggestion of genetic heterogeneity in Coffin-Lowry syndrome. American journal of human genetics 29 11992250
2017 RSK2 is a new Pim2 target with pro-survival functions in FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 28 28914261
2016 RSK2 signals through stathmin to promote microtubule dynamics and tumor metastasis. Oncogene 28 27041561
2013 p90 RSK2 mediates antianoikis signals by both transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Molecular and cellular biology 28 23608533
1994 Regional localisation of a non-specific X-linked mental retardation gene (MRX19) to Xp22. American journal of medical genetics 28 7943043
2006 ERK1/2 regulates ANG II-dependent cell proliferation via cytoplasmic activation of RSK2 and nuclear activation of elk1. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 27 16723511
2016 RSK2 activity mediates glioblastoma invasiveness and is a potential target for new therapeutics. Oncotarget 26 27829215
2015 Regulation of NHE3 by lysophosphatidic acid is mediated by phosphorylation of NHE3 by RSK2. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 26 25855080
2013 RSK2 regulates endocytosis of FGF receptor 1 by phosphorylation on serine 789. Oncogene 26 24141780
1999 Unreported RSK2 missense mutation in two male sibs with an unusually mild form of Coffin-Lowry syndrome. Journal of medical genetics 25 10528858
2017 Epigenetic repression of miR-375 is the dominant mechanism for constitutive activation of the PDPK1/RPS6KA3 signalling axis in multiple myeloma. British journal of haematology 24 28439875
2009 Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated kinase RSK2 plays a role in innate immune responses to influenza virus infection. Journal of virology 24 19129453
2006 Mutations in the RSK2(RPS6KA3) gene cause Coffin-Lowry syndrome and nonsyndromic X-linked mental retardation. Clinical genetics 24 17100996
2003 Intronic L1 insertion and F268S, novel mutations in RPS6KA3 (RSK2) causing Coffin-Lowry syndrome. Clinical genetics 24 14986828
2019 Isobavachalcone exerts anti‑proliferative and pro‑apoptotic effects on human liver cancer cells by targeting the ERKs/RSK2 signaling pathway. Oncology reports 23 30942462
2018 Carnosol suppresses patient-derived gastric tumor growth by targeting RSK2. Oncotarget 23 30344937
2000 Cloning and characterization of Xenopus Rsk2, the predominant p90 Rsk isozyme in oocytes and eggs. The Journal of biological chemistry 23 10934212
2020 Microbial cell lysate supernatant (CLS) alteration impact on platinum nanoparticles fabrication, characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications 22 32919653
2010 Coffin-Lowry syndrome: a role for RSK2 in mammalian neurogenesis. Developmental biology 22 20832397
2010 Targeting RSK2 in human malignancies. Expert opinion on therapeutic targets 22 20969498
2013 RSK2-induced stress tolerance enhances cell survival signals mediated by inhibition of GSK3β activity. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 21 24055036
2007 Involvement of ERKs, RSK2 and PKR in UVA-induced signal transduction toward phosphorylation of eIF2alpha (Ser(51)). Carcinogenesis 21 17404396
2003 Expression pattern of the Rsk2, Rsk4 and Pdk1 genes during murine embryogenesis. Gene expression patterns : GEP 21 12711546
2002 X-linked Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS, MIM 303600, RPS6KA3 gene, protein product known under various names: pp90(rsk2), RSK2, ISPK, MAPKAP1). European journal of human genetics : EJHG 21 11896450
1999 Novel mutations in Rsk-2, the gene for Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS). European journal of human genetics : EJHG 21 10094187
1997 Complement Cls, a classical enzyme with novel functions at the endochondral ossification center: immunohistochemical staining of activated Cls with a neoantigen-specific antibody. Cell and tissue research 21 9134868
2023 The RSK2-RPS6 axis promotes axonal regeneration in the peripheral and central nervous systems. PLoS biology 20 37068088
2020 RSK2 protects human breast cancer cells under endoplasmic reticulum stress through activating AMPKα2-mediated autophagy. Oncogene 20 32958832
2020 VGLL1 phosphorylation and activation promotes gastric cancer malignancy via TGF-β/ERK/RSK2 signaling. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research 20 33069758
2014 RSK2 is a modulator of craniofacial development. PloS one 20 24416220
2014 Rsk2 controls synovial fibroblast hyperplasia and the course of arthritis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 20 25414238
2023 RSK1 and RSK2 serine/threonine kinases regulate different transcription programs in cancer. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 19 36684450
2022 New Mutations in cls Lead to Daptomycin Resistance in a Clinical Vancomycin- and Daptomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Strain. Frontiers in microbiology 19 35801099
2018 RSK2 is required for TRAF6 phosphorylation-mediated colon inflammation. Oncogene 19 29563609
2014 RNA interference screening identifies lenalidomide sensitizers in multiple myeloma, including RSK2. Blood 19 25395420
2007 Contrasting roles of neuronal Msk1 and Rsk2 in Bad phosphorylation and feedback regulation of Erk signalling. Journal of neurochemistry 19 17663748
2016 Downregulation of RSK2 influences the biological activities of human osteosarcoma cells through inactivating AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. International journal of oncology 18 27082640
2022 CD147 mediates epidermal malignant transformation through the RSK2/AP-1 pathway. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 17 35964097
2018 ERα-Mediated Nuclear Sequestration of RSK2 Is Required for ER+ Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis. Cancer research 17 29351904
2018 RSK2 contributes to myogenic vasoconstriction of resistance arteries by activating smooth muscle myosin and the Na+/H+ exchanger. Science signaling 17 30377223
2014 The historical Coffin-Lowry syndrome family revisited: identification of two novel mutations of RPS6KA3 in three male patients. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 17 25044551
2013 IMP1 promotes choriocarcinoma cell migration and invasion through the novel effectors RSK2 and PPME1. Gynecologic oncology 17 23911878
2006 A novel RSK2 (RPS6KA3) gene mutation associated with abnormal brain MRI findings in a family with Coffin-Lowry syndrome. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 17 16691578

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