Affinage

ROM1

Rod outer segment membrane protein 1 · UniProt Q03395

Length
351 aa
Mass
37.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
97 papers in source corpus 24 papers cited in narrative 24 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ROM1 (ROM-1) is a photoreceptor disc-rim tetraspanin integral membrane protein that, together with the homologous protein peripherin-2/RDS (PRPH2), governs the structural organization of rod and cone outer segment disc membranes (PMID:1610568, PMID:8603840). ROM-1 and peripherin-2 assemble into noncovalent core tetramers — both as homotetramers and as mixed heterotetramers — with a stoichiometry matching native rod outer segment membranes, and Leu-188 of ROM-1 (corresponding to Leu-185 of peripherin-2) is essential for the dimer-to-tetramer transition (PMID:8634257, PMID:7578020, PMID:11297544). These core tetramers further associate into higher-order oligomers, but covalent oligomerization depends on peripherin-2 intermolecular disulfide bonds at Cys-150 (paired with ROM-1 Cys-153); ROM-1 itself shows little tendency to form disulfide-linked oligomers, and disc membranes contain roughly twice as much peripherin-2 as ROM-1 (PMID:10681511, PMID:29961824). Cryo-EM of PRPH2–ROM1 confirms heterodimers and curved disulfide-linked oligomers whose carboxyl-terminal helices are enveloped by a secondary micelle, consistent with a membrane-remodeling role, and disease mutations map to the dimer interface (PMID:36351012). Functionally, ROM-1 potentiates peripherin-2-dependent membrane fusion and incorporates directly into the rims of discs undergoing enclosure, where loss of ROM-1 delays disc enclosure and produces large incisure-less discs that are rescued by excess PRPH2 — establishing ROM-1 as a building block redundant to PRPH2 in disc-rim formation (PMID:17055485, PMID:37991486, PMID:40801673). ROM-1 carries its own outer-segment sorting signals independent of peripherin-2 and rhodopsin (PMID:16639027), regulates which secretory pathway PRPH2 complexes use to reach the outer segment, and contributes a tetraspanin-domain-dependent role in delivering the CNG channel β1 subunit to the outer segment (PMID:30307502, PMID:41256556). ROM-1 acts as a mutation-specific modifier of PRPH2-associated retinal disease, shifting cone-rod/macular phenotypes toward rod-dominant retinitis pigmentosa when ablated, and can improve or worsen function depending on the PRPH2 allele (PMID:30307502, PMID:28053051, PMID:32716032); a dominant Rom1 W182R mutation causes progressive retinal degeneration with destabilized peripherin-2 tetramers and disorganized outer segments (PMID:20300562).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 18 steps
  1. 1992 High

    Established that ROM-1 is a distinct disc-rim integral membrane protein homologous to peripherin/RDS but assembling with it noncovalently rather than via disulfide bonds, defining the molecular unit of the disc rim.

    Evidence Protein characterization, subcellular fractionation, and SDS-PAGE under reducing/non-reducing conditions

    PMID:1610568

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve the oligomeric state of the native complex
    • No structural model of the interaction interface
  2. 1993 Medium

    Mapped the human ROM1 gene to 11q13 and showed conserved gene structure with RDS, supporting the inference that a charge difference in the conserved central domain mediates noncovalent peripherin-2 association.

    Evidence Gene cloning, genomic sequencing, and somatic cell hybrid mapping

    PMID:8504299

    Open questions at the time
    • The proposed pI-driven association mechanism was inferential, not directly tested
    • No functional assay of the central domain
  3. 1995 High

    Showed that co-expressed peripherin-2 and ROM-1 self-assemble into a stable tetramer matching native stoichiometry, demonstrating the complex is intrinsic to the two proteins.

    Evidence Velocity sedimentation and co-transfection in COS-1 cells

    PMID:7578020

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish higher-order oligomer architecture
    • Functional consequence of tetramer formation untested
  4. 1996 High

    Defined the native complex as a ~135 kDa tetramer at high disc-rim surface density and established membrane topology with the C-terminus cytoplasmic, placing the complex spatially and quantitatively in the outer segment.

    Evidence Hydrodynamic analysis, immunogold electron microscopy, and proteolytic topology mapping

    PMID:8603840 PMID:8634257

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address higher-order oligomerization beyond the tetramer
    • Mechanism linking complex to disc-rim curvature unresolved
  5. 1996 High

    Provided the molecular basis of digenic retinitis pigmentosa by showing the assembly-defective peripherin-2 L185P mutant cannot homotetramerize but is rescued into a normal heterotetramer by wild-type ROM-1.

    Evidence Sedimentation velocity analysis of mutants in COS-1 cells

    PMID:8943002

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not test the assembly defect in vivo
    • Did not identify which residues drive heterotetramer rescue
  6. 2000 High

    Distinguished noncovalent core tetramers from covalently linked higher-order oligomers, identifying peripherin-2 Cys-150 disulfide bonds as the driver of large oligomers that ROM-1 cannot form alone.

    Evidence Velocity sedimentation, non-reducing SDS-PAGE, cross-linking, and immunoaffinity chromatography

    PMID:10681511

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo requirement of the disulfide for disc structure not yet demonstrated
    • Functional role of ROM-1's limited oligomerization unclear
  7. 2001 High

    Pinpointed Leu-185/Leu-188 as the residue required for the dimer-to-tetramer transition and showed peripherin-2 tetramers are obligatory for higher-order oligomers, ordering the assembly hierarchy.

    Evidence Velocity sedimentation, co-IP, and cross-linking of mutants in heterologous cells

    PMID:11297544

    Open questions at the time
    • Assembly hierarchy not validated in photoreceptors at the time
    • Did not address how oligomers shape disc rims
  8. 1999 High

    Identified the intradiscal D2 loop as the peripherin-2 noncovalent interaction surface and confirmed in vivo that ROM-1 functions through complex formation, using a stabilized chimera that rescued rds+/- but not rds-/- mice.

    Evidence Transgenic mouse rescue, detergent/urea stability titration, and electron microscopy

    PMID:10506174

    Open questions at the time
    • Why the chimera fails in the complete absence of peripherin-2 unresolved
    • Did not map sub-loop contact residues
  9. 2002 Medium

    Revealed a peripherin-2-free pool of ROM-1 in cholesterol-rich membrane rafts, raising the possibility of a regulatory function distinct from the disc-rim complex.

    Evidence Detergent-resistant membrane isolation, sucrose gradients, and cholesterol depletion

    PMID:12196538

    Open questions at the time
    • The proposed regulatory role in fusion was inferred, not tested
    • Functional significance of the raft pool unknown
  10. 2006 Medium

    Demonstrated that ROM-1 has autonomous outer-segment sorting/transport signals and that it potentiates peripherin-2-dependent membrane fusion, assigning ROM-1 active trafficking and fusogenic functions.

    Evidence Cell-free fusion assays with proteoliposomes and localization in rhodopsin- and peripherin-2-null mice

    PMID:16639027 PMID:17055485

    Open questions at the time
    • The identity of ROM-1's sorting signal was not defined
    • The in vitro fusion mechanism was not linked to in vivo disc morphogenesis
  11. 2015 Medium

    Linked peripherin-2 glycosylation to RDS·ROM-1 complex stability, showing a cone-specific dependence with reduced RDS and ROM-1 levels when glycosylation is lost.

    Evidence N229S knockin mice, ERG, and Western blot in nrl-/- background

    PMID:26420485

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish whether ROM-1 changes are direct or secondary to RDS loss
    • Cone-specific mechanism not fully resolved
  12. 2017 Medium

    Established ROM-1 as a context-dependent modifier of adRP and pattern-dystrophy peripherin-2 mutants — opposing outer-segment targeting of some misfolded mutants while rescuing ER retention of Y141C — defining a bidirectional regulatory role.

    Evidence Co-IP, rod OS targeting assays, and Y141C knockin/ROM-1 knockout mouse crosses with ERG

    PMID:28053051 PMID:28539581

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which ROM-1 promotes versus opposes targeting unresolved
    • Generalizability across mutant classes untested
  13. 2018 High

    Proved in vivo that the Prph2-C150/Rom1-C153 disulfide is required for higher-order covalent complexes and normal outer-segment structure, with cones more sensitive than rods to loss of large complexes.

    Evidence C150S-Prph2 knockin mouse, ERG, immunofluorescence, and oligomerization analysis

    PMID:29961824

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for cone sensitivity not defined
    • Did not resolve ROM-1's independent contribution to the disulfide network
  14. 2019 High

    Placed ROM-1 as a determinant of the secretory route (conventional vs Golgi-bypass) used by PRPH2 complexes and showed its ablation converts a macular/pattern-dystrophy phenotype to rod-dominant RP.

    Evidence Chimeric and Y141C knockin mice, ROM-1 knockout crosses, ERG, and secretory pathway analysis

    PMID:30307502

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular machinery routing PRPH2 between pathways not identified
    • How ROM-1 selects the pathway is unknown
  15. 2020 High

    Demonstrated that ROM-1 modifies PRPH2 disease in a strictly mutation-specific manner — improving, worsening, or not affecting function depending on the allele — while being dispensable in wild-type retina.

    Evidence Three Prph2 knockin models crossed with Rom1+/-, ERG, and oligomerization analysis

    PMID:32716032

    Open questions at the time
    • Why effects are allele-specific mechanistically unresolved
    • Therapeutic implications of ROM-1 dosing untested
  16. 2022 High

    Provided the structural framework: cryo-EM of PRPH2–ROM1 heterodimers and curved cysteine-linked oligomers with a C-terminal-helix micelle supports a direct membrane-remodeling role and localizes disease mutations to the dimer interface.

    Evidence Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy

    PMID:36351012

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve how curvature is templated into disc rims in vivo
    • Functional state of negatively curved oligomers unclear
  17. 2023 High

    Showed ROM-1 is a building-block redundant to PRPH2 in disc-rim formation: its loss delays enclosure and produces incisure-less large discs, rescued by excess PRPH2, with a PRPH2-body chimera substituting for ROM-1.

    Evidence ROM1 knockout, PRPH2-overexpression rescue, and chimeric knockin mice with EM disc morphology

    PMID:37991486

    Open questions at the time
    • Non-redundant ROM-1-specific functions in disc enclosure not fully delineated
    • Mechanism of incisure formation unresolved
  18. 2025 Medium

    Refined the timing and a new function of ROM-1: it incorporates at the disc-enclosure stage rather than in nascent lamellae, and its tetraspanin domain is sufficient to restore CNG channel β1 delivery to the outer segment.

    Evidence Co-immunostaining with prominin-1 plus EM; CNGβ1 rescue with peripherin-2/ROM-1 tetraspanin chimeras (one preprint)

    PMID:40801673 PMID:41256556

    Open questions at the time
    • CNG channel delivery role rests on a single preprint chimera study
    • How the tetraspanin domain mediates CNGβ1 localization is unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved how ROM-1's autonomous sorting signal and pathway-selection function are encoded at the sequence level, and whether complete ROM1 loss is sufficient to cause human macular dystrophy.
  • The single human ROM1 loss-of-function case lacks direct molecular-mechanism validation
  • ROM-1's sorting signal and pathway-selection determinants are not mapped

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 4 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3
Localization
GO:0005929 cilium 3 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2 GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4 R-HSA-9609507 Protein localization 3 R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 2 R-HSA-9709957 Sensory Perception 2
Partners
PRPH2
Complex memberships
PRPH2-ROM1 disc-rim tetramer/oligomer

Evidence

Reading pass · 24 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1992 ROM-1 is a 37 kDa integral membrane protein localized to the photoreceptor disk rim, structurally similar to peripherin/RDS (35% identical), similarly oriented in the membrane with a conserved cysteine- and proline-rich domain in the disk lumen. ROM-1 forms disulfide-linked homodimers but does not form heterodimers with peripherin via disulfide bonds; instead the two proteins associate noncovalently. Protein characterization, subcellular localization, biochemical fractionation, SDS-PAGE under reducing/non-reducing conditions Neuron High 1610568
1996 The peripherin/RDS–ROM-1 complex from bovine rod outer segment membranes is a tetramer with a protein mass of ~135 kDa, as determined by hydrodynamic analysis (Stokes radius 6.2 nm, sedimentation coefficient 5.8 S). The complex is present at high surface density (~4100/µm²) at disk rims and comprises ~4% of total bovine ROS membrane protein. Gel exclusion chromatography, velocity sedimentation through H₂O- and D₂O-based sucrose gradients, competitive ELISA, immunoaffinity purification Biochemistry High 8634257
1995 When peripherin/RDS and ROM-1 cDNAs are co-expressed in COS-1 cells, they assemble into a stable tetrameric complex (4.9 S) with stoichiometry similar to native ROS membranes. Individually, peripherin/RDS (5.1 S) and ROM-1 (4.3 S) each form homotetramers. Recombinant peripherin/RDS is glycosylated while ROM-1 is not, mirroring the native proteins. Velocity sedimentation, Western blot, immunofluorescence microscopy, co-transfection in COS-1 cells Biochemistry High 7578020
1996 The peripherin/RDS L185P mutant associated with digenic retinitis pigmentosa fails to form native homotetramers on its own, but can assemble with wild-type ROM-1 to form a structurally normal heterotetrameric complex. This conditional assembly defect provides the molecular basis for digenic RP requiring co-inheritance of mutations in both genes. Sedimentation velocity analysis of heterologously expressed proteins in COS-1 cells Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 8943002
2000 Under reducing conditions, peripherin/RDS and ROM-1 exist as homomeric and heteromeric noncovalent core complexes (tetramers). Under non-reducing conditions, core complexes associate via intermolecular disulfide bonds (through Cys-150 of peripherin/RDS) to form higher-order oligomers. ROM-1 shows little tendency to form disulfide-linked oligomers on its own; larger oligomers consist only of disulfide-linked peripherin/RDS dimers. Disc membranes contain twice as much peripherin/RDS as ROM-1. Velocity sedimentation, SDS-gel electrophoresis under reducing/non-reducing conditions, immunoaffinity chromatography, chemical cross-linking, COS-1 cell expression The Journal of biological chemistry High 10681511
2001 Leu-185 of peripherin-2 (and corresponding Leu-188 of ROM-1) is critical for tetramer formation but not for dimer formation. The L185P and L185A peripherin-2 mutants and L188P ROM-1 mutant form noncovalent dimers but fail to assemble into core tetramers. The G113E ROM-1 mutation is expressed 20-fold lower than wild-type, behaving mechanistically as a null allele. Peripherin-2-containing tetramers are required for higher-order disulfide-linked oligomer formation. Velocity sedimentation, co-immunoprecipitation, chemical cross-linking of heterologously expressed proteins The Journal of biological chemistry High 11297544
1996 ROM-1 membrane topology shows the C-terminus localized to the cytoplasmic side of the disc membrane and a large segment localized to the lumen side. ROM-1 is localized to the rim region of both rod and cone outer segment disc membranes by immunogold electron microscopy. In heterologously expressed mammalian cells, ROM-1 is retained in internal cellular membranes and not translocated to the plasma membrane. All ROM-1 and peripherin/RDS from rod outer segments form a tightly associated complex by immunoprecipitation. Proteolytic digestion studies, immunolabeling, pre- and post-embedding immunogold electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation Investigative ophthalmology & visual science High 8603840
2002 A fraction of ROM-1 (13–23%) associates with Triton X-100-resistant membrane rafts (enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin) from rod outer segment disk membranes. Peripherin/RDS is entirely absent from these raft domains. Cholesterol depletion with methyl-β-cyclodextran reduces ROM-1 (specifically the dimeric form) in the raft fraction and collapses the caveolin complex. This pool of ROM-1 may play a regulatory role in peripherin/RDS-dependent membrane fusion. Detergent-resistant membrane isolation, sucrose density gradients, biochemical lipid analysis, cholesterol depletion The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 12196538
2006 ROM-1 potentiates peripherin/RDS-dependent membrane fusion. Co-expression of ROM-1 and peripherin/RDS yields the highest membrane fusogenicity in a cell-free fusion assay. Proteoliposomes containing ROM-1 alone are not fusogenic, while those containing the ROM-1/peripherin/RDS complex show optimal fusion. Peptide competition studies suggest that ROM-1 optimizes fusion by facilitating formation of a fusion-competent peripherin/RDS C-terminus. COS cell heterologous expression, cell-free fusion assay with fluorescently labeled outer segment plasma membranes and proteoliposomes, peptide competition Experimental eye research Medium 17055485
1999 A chimeric protein (rom/D2) containing the intradiscal D2 loop of peripherin/RDS in the context of ROM-1 interacted more stably with peripherin/RDS than wild-type ROM-1. This chimera fully rescued the ultrastructural phenotype in rds+/- mice but had no effect in rds-/- mice. These data indicate that peripherin/RDS interacts noncovalently with itself and ROM-1 via the D2 loop and that peripherin/RDS is present at 2.5-fold higher levels than ROM-1 in vivo. Transgenic mouse expression, detergent/urea titration for stability, immunoprecipitation, electron microscopy The Journal of biological chemistry High 10506174
2006 ROM-1 transport to the outer segment occurs independently of rhodopsin. In rhodopsin-knockout mice, ROM-1 localizes to ciliary membranes at the distal cilium tip where outer segment-like protrusions form. In rds (peripherin/RDS-null) mice, ROM-1 accumulates in distal ciliary membranes, indicating ROM-1 possesses its own sorting and transport signals independent of peripherin/RDS. Immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, analysis of rhodopsin-knockout and peripherin/RDS-knockout mouse models Investigative ophthalmology & visual science Medium 16639027
2018 The intermolecular disulfide bond at Prph2-C150/Rom1-C153 is required for higher-order covalent Prph2/Rom1 complex formation and for normal OS structure and function. C150S-Prph2 traffics to the OS and interacts with Rom1 to form non-covalent tetramers, but cannot support normal OS structure alone. Cones are especially sensitive to lack of large Prph2 complexes compared to rods. C150S-Prph2 supports haploinsufficiency in rods but a dominant-negative phenotype in cones. Knockin mouse model, electroretinography, immunofluorescence, biochemical analysis of oligomerization Human molecular genetics High 29961824
2019 The Prph2 C-terminus is necessary and sufficient for initiation of photoreceptor outer segments, while OS maturation requires the body of Prph2 and associated large oligomers. ROM-1 is a key determinant of whether Prph2 complexes utilize conventional versus unconventional (Golgi bypass) secretory pathways to reach the OS. Ablating ROM-1 in Prph2Y/+ mice (Y141C knockin) eliminates abnormal Prph2/ROM1 complexes and converts the macular dystrophy/pattern dystrophy phenotype to a rod-dominant retinitis pigmentosa phenotype. Chimeric knockin mouse, ROM-1 knockout crosses, electroretinography, immunofluorescence, biochemical complex analysis, secretory pathway analysis Human molecular genetics High 30307502
2017 ROM-1 modifies the phenotype of the Y141C-Prph2 mutation: co-expression of ROM-1 rescues Y141C-Prph2 retention in the endoplasmic reticulum. In heterozygous Y141C knockin mice, Y141C-Prph2 and ROM-1 form abnormal complexes. Ablation of ROM-1 in Y141C Prph2 heterozygous mice eliminates abnormal complexes, reduces total Prph2 to haploinsufficient levels, and shifts the phenotype from cone-rod (pattern dystrophy) to rod-dominant (retinitis pigmentosa). Co-expression in vitro, knockin/knockout mouse crosses, electroretinography, biochemical complex analysis Human molecular genetics High 28053051
2017 Peripherin-2 mutants P210L and C214S are misfolded and show decreased binding to wild-type peripherin-2 and ROM-1. Both mutants preferentially form non-covalent mutant-mutant and wild-type-mutant dimers, and also ROM-1–mutant dimers. Only wild-type/mutant peripherin-2 dimers, not ROM-1/mutant dimers, can be targeted to murine rod outer segments. This reveals opposing roles: peripherin-2 promotes, while ROM-1 opposes, OS targeting of these adRP-linked peripherin-2 mutants. Co-immunoprecipitation, protein assembly analysis, rod OS targeting assays in murine photoreceptors Scientific reports Medium 28539581
2022 Cryo-EM structures of PRPH2-ROM1 reveal that they form heterodimers and higher-order oligomers. High-risk mutations causing blindness map to the protein-dimer interface. Cysteine bridges connect dimers into positively curved oligomers; negatively curved oligomers were also observed. Hexamers and octamers exhibit a secondary micelle enveloping four carboxyl-terminal helices, supporting a role in membrane remodeling. Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy Science advances High 36351012
2023 ROM1 knockout mice show compensatory increased disc content of PRPH2 but display delayed disc enclosure with large-diameter discs lacking incisures. Increasing PRPH2 levels rescues these morphological defects. A knockin mouse in which the tetraspanin body of PRPH2 is replaced with that of ROM1 still forms disc rims, demonstrating that ROM1 is redundant to PRPH2 as a molecular building block of disc rims when PRPH2 is in excess. ROM1 knockout mouse, PRPH2-overexpression rescue, PRPH2/ROM1 chimeric knockin mouse, electron microscopy, disc morphology analysis eLife High 37991486
2020 Reducing ROM-1 levels (Rom1+/-) has no effect on retinal structure or function in the absence of Prph2 mutations, but modifies the phenotype of specific Prph2 mutations in a mutation-specific manner: reducing ROM-1 in Prph2K153Del mice improved rod and cone function and ameliorated K153Del-associated oligomerization defects; reducing ROM-1 in Prph2R172W mice worsened rod and cone function; ROM-1 reduction had no effect in Prph2C213Y mice. Knockin and knockout mouse crosses, electroretinography, biochemical PRPH2/ROM1 oligomerization analysis Human molecular genetics High 32716032
2015 RDS/PRPH2 glycosylation regulates RDS·ROM-1 complex formation, particularly in cones. In N229S knockin mice (unglycosylated RDS), cone electroretinogram responses were decreased by 40%. In the nrl-/- background, both RDS and ROM-1 protein levels were decreased by ~60%, suggesting glycosylation of RDS is required for RDS stability/function in cones and affects the RDS·ROM-1 complex. Knockin mouse model, electroretinography, Western blot analysis, nrl-/- background crosses The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 26420485
2010 A dominant missense mutation in Rom1 (Trp182Arg, Rom1Rgsc1156) causes progressive retinal degeneration. The W182R substitution leads to decreased protein levels of both ROM-1 and peripherin/RDS, reduction in peripherin/RDS-containing tetramers at disc rims, and unstable disorganized outer segments. ROM-1 and peripherin/RDS immunoreactivity were both decreased in mutant retinas. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis screen, positional cloning, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, electron microscopy, electroretinography Molecular vision Medium 20300562
2025 ROM-1 incorporates directly into the rims of discs undergoing enclosure rather than accumulating in the lamellae of nascent discs prior to their enclosure. Immunostaining shows minimal overlap between ROM-1 and prominin-1 (a nascent disc marker); ROM-1 is detected more distally where discs undergo enclosure, mirroring peripherin-2 localization. Co-immunostaining of endogenous and myc-tagged proteins with prominin-1, adeno-associated virus transduction of myc-tagged peripherin-2, electron microscopy confirmation of ultrastructure Investigative ophthalmology & visual science Medium 40801673
2025 ROM-1's tetraspanin domain is sufficient to restore CNG channel β1 subunit localization to the rod outer segment in peripherin-2 (Rds) knockout rods, acting redundantly with peripherin-2's tetraspanin domain in this function. ROM-1 chimeras containing the tetraspanin region could restore CNGβ1 outer segment localization, indicating a structural role for disc tetraspanins in CNG channel delivery. Overexpression of MYC-tagged CNGβ1 in Rds knockout rods, expression of peripherin-2 and ROM-1 chimeras, immunostaining bioRxivpreprint Medium 41256556
2019 A homozygous frameshift mutation in ROM1 (c.712delC, p.Leu238Cysfs*78) causing early protein termination is sufficient to cause late-onset pattern macular dystrophy in the absence of any other plausible candidate gene mutations, establishing that complete loss of ROM1 function alone can cause macular dystrophy. Whole-exome sequencing, clinical characterization including electroretinogram, fundus autofluorescence, OCT Cold Spring Harbor molecular case studies Low 30630813
1993 The human ROM1 gene is located on chromosome 11q13 and the murine Rom1 gene on mouse chromosome 19. The ROM1 coding region is contained within ~1.8 kb of genomic DNA with only two introns, with perfect conservation of intron splice sites with the RDS gene. The predicted pI difference between ROM-1 and peripherin in the conserved central hydrophilic domain (5.2 vs 8.2) may mediate their noncovalent association. Gene cloning, genomic sequencing, comparative sequence analysis, somatic cell hybrid mapping Human molecular genetics Medium 8504299

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 97 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1992 Cloning of the cDNA for a novel photoreceptor membrane protein (rom-1) identifies a disk rim protein family implicated in human retinopathies. Neuron 206 1610568
1984 Control of ColE1 plasmid replication: enhancement of binding of RNA I to the primer transcript by the Rom protein. Cell 190 6207935
1992 High copy number of the pUC plasmid results from a Rom/Rop-suppressible point mutation in RNA II. Molecular microbiology 182 1283002
1997 Dominant and digenic mutations in the peripherin/RDS and ROM1 genes in retinitis pigmentosa. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 155 9331261
1990 Complex formed by complementary RNA stem-loops and its stabilization by a protein: function of CoIE1 Rom protein. Cell 119 1688738
1996 Subunit composition of the peripherin/rds-rom-1 disk rim complex from rod photoreceptors: hydrodynamic evidence for a tetrameric quaternary structure. Biochemistry 112 8634257
2000 Disulfide-mediated oligomerization of Peripherin/Rds and Rom-1 in photoreceptor disk membranes. Implications for photoreceptor outer segment morphogenesis and degeneration. The Journal of biological chemistry 108 10681511
1994 Cloning and characterization of multiple forms of the human kidney ROM-K potassium channel. The Journal of biological chemistry 104 7929082
1996 Defective subunit assembly underlies a digenic form of retinitis pigmentosa linked to mutations in peripherin/rds and rom-1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103 8943002
2016 PRPH2/RDS and ROM-1: Historical context, current views and future considerations. Progress in retinal and eye research 100 26773759
1995 Heterologous expression of photoreceptor peripherin/rds and Rom-1 in COS-1 cells: assembly, interactions, and localization of multisubunit complexes. Biochemistry 98 7578020
1991 Complexes formed by complementary RNA stem-loops. Their formations, structures and interaction with ColE1 Rom protein. Journal of molecular biology 97 1715406
1996 Molecular cloning, membrane topology, and localization of bovine rom-1 in rod and cone photoreceptor cells. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 80 8603840
1990 Control of ColE1 plasmid replication. Interaction of Rom protein with an unstable complex formed by RNA I and RNA II. Journal of molecular biology 70 1691791
1989 Genetic and structural analysis of the ColE1 Rop (Rom) protein. The EMBO journal 68 2721494
1993 Measurement of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in cervical/vaginal secretions: comparison with the ROM-check Membrane Immunoassay in the diagnosis of ruptured fetal membranes. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 61 7680971
2001 Molecular characterization of peripherin-2 and rom-1 mutants responsible for digenic retinitis pigmentosa. The Journal of biological chemistry 60 11297544
2010 ABCA4 and ROM1: implications for modification of the PRPH2-associated macular dystrophy phenotype. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 59 20335603
1977 Properties of IgA myeloma proteins isolated rom sera of patients with the hyperviscosity syndrome. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 59 404374
2002 Association of a photoreceptor-specific tetraspanin protein, ROM-1, with triton X-100-resistant membrane rafts from rod outer segment disk membranes. The Journal of biological chemistry 53 12196538
2006 Association of the FBXO11 gene with chronic otitis media with effusion and recurrent otitis media: the Minnesota COME/ROM Family Study. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery 52 16847180
2006 Characterization of peripherin/rds and rom-1 transport in rod photoreceptors of transgenic and knockout animals. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 51 16639027
1995 Mutation analysis of the ROM1 gene in retinitis pigmentosa. Human molecular genetics 51 8595413
1988 Control of ColE1 replication: low affinity specific binding of Rop (Rom) to RNAI and RNAII. The EMBO journal 51 2452732
2018 Oligomerization of Prph2 and Rom1 is essential for photoreceptor outer segment formation. Human molecular genetics 47 29961824
2004 EGF signal propagation during C. elegans vulval development mediated by ROM-1 rhomboid. PLoS biology 47 15455032
1993 Cloning of the human and murine ROM1 genes: genomic organization and sequence conservation. Human molecular genetics 46 8504299
1992 Localization of the photoreceptor gene ROM1 to human chromosome 11 and mouse chromosome 19: sublocalization to human 11q13 between PGA and PYGM. American journal of human genetics 45 1415249
1994 Refining the locus for Best vitelliform macular dystrophy and mutation analysis of the candidate gene ROM1. American journal of human genetics 43 8279475
2019 Prph2 initiates outer segment morphogenesis but maturation requires Prph2/Rom1 oligomerization. Human molecular genetics 41 30307502
1999 Analysis of the rds/peripherin.rom1 complex in transgenic photoreceptors that express a chimeric protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 39 10506174
1996 The developmentally regulated bZIP factor ROM1 modulates transcription from lectin and storage protein genes in bean embryos. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 35 8758983
2018 Rhodomyrtone (Rom) is a membrane-active compound. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes 34 29317198
1999 Role of the rom protein in copy number control of plasmid pBR322 at different growth rates in Escherichia coli K-12. Plasmid 33 10087214
2006 Diagnostic and predictive value of CSF d-ROM level in influenza virus-associated encephalopathy. Journal of the neurological sciences 31 16413581
2006 Intrafamilial phenotypic variability in families with RDS mutations: exclusion of ROM1 as a genetic modifier for those with retinitis pigmentosa. The British journal of ophthalmology 29 16916875
1999 Transgenic analysis of rds/peripherin N-glycosylation: effect on dimerization, interaction with rom1, and rescue of the rds null phenotype. Journal of neurochemistry 29 9886097
2017 Rom1 converts Y141C-Prph2-associated pattern dystrophy to retinitis pigmentosa. Human molecular genetics 28 28053051
2013 The diagnosis of rupture of fetal membranes (ROM): a meta-analysis. Journal of perinatal medicine 28 23314505
2011 Plasmodium protease ROM1 is important for proper formation of the parasitophorous vacuole. PLoS pathogens 27 21909259
1998 Mapping of a protein-RNA kissing hairpin interface: Rom and Tar-Tar*. Nucleic acids research 27 9753738
2011 Evaluation of 15 functional candidate genes for association with chronic otitis media with effusion and/or recurrent otitis media (COME/ROM). PloS one 25 21857919
2000 Expression and characterization of peripherin/rds-rom-1 complexes and mutants implicated in retinal degenerative diseases. Methods in enzymology 25 10800708
1994 Fine mapping of Best's macular dystrophy localizes the gene in close proximity to but distinct from the D11S480/ROM1 loci. Genomics 24 7713492
1990 Proton nuclear magnetic resonance assignments and secondary structure determination of the ColE1 rop (rom) protein. Biochemistry 24 2223771
2022 Cryo-EM structures of peripherin-2 and ROM1 suggest multiple roles in photoreceptor membrane morphogenesis. Science advances 23 36351012
1997 Isolation and characterization of a ColE1-like plasmid from Enterobacter agglomerans with a novel variant of rom gene. Plasmid 23 9435023
2019 Subcategorisation of AUS/FLUS thyroid lesions as per the 2017 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: a retrospective study from a tertiary care centre analysing risk of malignancy (ROM) of the different subcategories. Journal of clinical pathology 22 31375535
2009 Diffraction Phase Cytometry: blood on a CD-ROM. Optics express 21 19219161
2007 Enhancing self-management in children with sickle cell disease through playing a CD-ROM educational game: a pilot study. Pediatric nursing 21 17411004
2015 Retinal Degeneration Slow (RDS) Glycosylation Plays a Role in Cone Function and in the Regulation of RDS·ROM-1 Protein Complex Formation. The Journal of biological chemistry 19 26420485
2005 Use of CD-ROM-based tool for analyzing contouring variations in involved-field radiotherapy for Stage III NSCLC. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 19 16168828
1993 Polymorphisms and rare sequence variants at the ROM1 locus. Human molecular genetics 19 7904211
2010 A monogenic dominant mutation in Rom1 generated by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis causes retinal degeneration in mice. Molecular vision 18 20300562
2011 Significant linkage at chromosome 19q for otitis media with effusion and/or recurrent otitis media (COME/ROM). BMC medical genetics 17 21943191
2017 Peripherin-2 and Rom-1 have opposing effects on rod outer segment targeting of retinitis pigmentosa-linked peripherin-2 mutants. Scientific reports 13 28539581
2007 Tagatose production with pH control in a stirred tank reactor containing immobilized L-arabinose rom Thermotoga neapolitana. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 13 18500585
2000 Evaluation of RDS/Peripherin and ROM1 as candidate genes in generalised progressive retinal atrophy and exclusion of digenic inheritance. Animal genetics 12 10895316
1997 Cloning of canine rom-1 and its investigation as a candidate gene for generalized progressive retinal atrophies in dogs. Animal genetics 12 9589581
1995 A recombination event excludes the ROM1 locus from the Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy region. Human genetics 12 7860071
1985 Erythrocyte enhancement of C3b-mediated phagocytosis by human neutrophils in vitro: a combined effect of the erythrocyte complement receptors CR1 and erythrocyte scavengers to reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM). Immunology 12 3158597
2023 Comparison of Quality, Antioxidant Capacity, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Adlay [Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen (Rom. Caill.) Stapf.] Sprout at Several Harvest Time. Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 11 37631186
2015 Effect of blood on ROM diagnosis accuracy of PAMG-1 and IGFBP-1 detecting rapid tests. Journal of perinatal medicine 10 25389980
2006 ROM-1 potentiates photoreceptor specific membrane fusion processes. Experimental eye research 10 17055485
2005 Barley Rom1 reveals a potential link between race-specific and nonhost resistance responses to powdery mildew fungi. Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI 10 15828681
2020 ROM1 contributes to phenotypic heterogeneity in PRPH2-associated retinal disease. Human molecular genetics 9 32716032
1999 Analysis of the stabilizing effect of Rom on the genetic network controlling ColE1 plasmid replication. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing 9 10380186
1997 Putative association of a mutant ROM1 allele with retinitis pigmentosa. Human genetics 9 9187681
2019 Late-onset pattern macular dystrophy mimicking ABCA4 and PRPH2 disease is caused by a homozygous frameshift mutation in ROM1. Cold Spring Harbor molecular case studies 8 30630813
2008 New crystal structures of ColE1 Rom and variants resulting from mutation of a surface exposed residue: Implications for RNA-recognition. Proteins 8 18260113
2008 An interactive CD-ROM to inform patients about stem cell transplantation. Patient education and counseling 8 18675526
1984 The effect of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) on the attachment and ingestion phases of C3b- and IgG-mediated phagocytosis by macrophages. Acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology 8 6367356
2016 ROM Plus(®): accurate point-of-care detection of ruptured fetal membranes. Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) 7 27274316
2014 Range of motion (ROM) restriction influences quipazine-induced stepping behavior in postnatal day one and day ten rats. Behavioural brain research 7 25151623
1989 Rom transcript of plasmid ColE1. Nucleic acids research 7 2472606
2008 Barley Rom1 antagonizes Rar1 function in Magnaporthe oryzae-infected leaves by enhancing epidermal and diminishing mesophyll defence. The New phytologist 6 18713313
2006 Novel crystal form of the ColE1 Rom protein. Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography 6 16699189
2023 ROM1 is redundant to PRPH2 as a molecular building block of photoreceptor disc rims. eLife 5 37991486
2018 BULL'S EYE MACULOPATHY WITH MUTATIONS IN RDS/PRPH2 AND ROM-1. Retinal cases & brief reports 5 29155698
2016 Serum level of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) at 12 weeks of treatment with biologic agents for rheumatoid arthritis is a novel predictor for 52-week remission. Clinical rheumatology 5 27858176
2001 Distinct histopathological patterns in single lesion leprosy patients treated with single dose therapy (ROM) in the Brazilian Multicentric Study. International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association 5 11875761
1998 [Mutational screening of peripherin/RDS genes, rhodopsin and ROM-1 in 69 index cases with retinitis pigmentosa and other retinal dystrophies]. Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde 5 9677563
2002 Autosomal dominant retinal dystrophy (Rdy) in Abyssinian cats: exclusion of PDE6G and ROM1 and likely exclusion of Rhodopsin as candidate genes. Animal genetics 4 12464018
2024 Anti-Pruritic and Immunomodulatory Effects of Coix [Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen (Rom. Caill.) Stapf.] Sprouts Extract. International journal of molecular sciences 3 39519379
2014 O ROM(e)O1, ROM(e)O1, wherefore art thou ROM(e)O1? Science signaling 3 24473193
1998 Evaluation of ROM1 as a candidate gene in generalised progressive retinal atrophy in dogs. Animal genetics 3 9745671
2025 Peripherin-2 and ROM1 Incorporate Directly Into the Rims of Enclosing Photoreceptor Discs Without Accumulating in the Nascent Disc Lamellae. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2 40801673
1991 [Replication of ColE 1-related plasmids at increased growth temperature depending on rom function]. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences 2 1817515
2023 Identification and cellular localization in Xenopus laevis photoreceptors of three Peripherin-2 family members, Prph2, Rom1 and Gp2l, which arose from gene duplication events in the common ancestors of jawed vertebrates. Experimental eye research 1 38158174
2021 Safety evaluation of the food enzyme maltogenic α-amylase from the genetically modified Bacillus subtilis strain ROM. EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority 1 34136005
2005 [Scavenger of reactive oxygen metabolites reverses the ROM induced inhibition of NK cell-mediated killing effect on K562 cell in vitro]. Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi 1 16129040
2025 The tetraspanin disc proteins, peripherin-2 and ROM1, facilitate CNG channel localization to the rod outer segment. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 41256556
2025 Graphene Oxide (GO) Coating on Reticulated Open-Cell Mullite (ROM) Foams for Enhancing Antibacterial Activity. ACS omega 0 41280796
2023 The Role of Peripherin-2/ROM1 Complexes in Photoreceptor Outer Segment Disc Morphogenesis. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 0 37440045
2010 Imaging the dynamics of intracellular protein translocation by photoconversion of phamret-cybr/ROM. Journal of microscopy 0 21118394
2000 [Retinitis pigmentosa, pattern dystrophy and fundus flavimaculatus not related to mutations in rhodopsine, peripherin/RDS and ROM-1 genes]. Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 0 11151159
1975 The pharmacology of new ethylenediamine derivatives (ROM-126, ROM-131, MK-142) with antiarrhythmic action. Part I. General pharmacological properties. Polish journal of pharmacology and pharmacy 0 241067

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