| 2014 |
RNF144A is an RBR-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitinates DNA-PKcs in vitro and in vivo, promoting its proteasomal degradation and thereby sensitizing cells to DNA damage-induced apoptosis. RNF144A expression is induced by DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner. RNF144A localizes to cytoplasmic vesicles and the plasma membrane, where it interacts with cytoplasmic DNA-PKcs. |
In vitro ubiquitination assay, co-immunoprecipitation, subcellular fractionation, siRNA knockdown with cell viability/apoptosis readouts, p53-dependent expression analysis |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
24979766
|
| 2015 |
The transmembrane (TM) domain of RNF144A has two independent functions: membrane localization and activation of E3 ligase activity. Self-association mediated through a GXXXG motif (G252XXXG256) in the TM domain is required for full ubiquitin ligase activity. Deletion of the TM domain abolishes membrane localization and significantly reduces E3 activity. A G252L/G256L mutant retains membrane localization but is defective in self-association and E3 activity. Loss of membrane localization alone does not abolish E3 activity if self-association is preserved, but additional G252L/G256L mutations block activity. A cancer-associated G252D mutant retains self-association and ligase activity but loses membrane localization and is rapidly turned over. |
Deletion and point mutagenesis of TM/GXXXG domains, in vitro ubiquitination assays, membrane fractionation, co-immunoprecipitation for self-association |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
26216882
|
| 2017 |
RNF144A interacts with PARP1 through its carboxy-terminal region containing the transmembrane domain, and targets PARP1 for K48-linked ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. RNF144A-induced reduction of PARP1 renders breast cancer cells resistant to the PARP inhibitor olaparib; conversely, RNF144A knockdown increases PARP1 levels and sensitizes cells to olaparib. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, RNF144A overexpression/knockdown with PARP1 protein-level readouts, olaparib sensitivity assays |
Oncotarget |
Medium |
29212245
|
| 2018 |
RNF144A promotes EGFR ubiquitination, maintains EGFR protein stability, and prolongs EGF/EGFR signaling during EGF stimulation. EGFR ligands (but not DNA-damaging agents) induce a DNA-PKcs-independent interaction between RNF144A and EGFR. Depletion of RNF144A decreases EGFR expression and EGF/EGFR signaling, impairs G1/S progression gene activation, and reduces EGF-dependent cell proliferation. RNF144A also regulates EGFR transport in intracellular vesicles during EGF treatment. |
RNF144A knockdown/knockout with EGFR protein-level and signaling readouts, co-immunoprecipitation, cell proliferation assays, G1/S gene expression analysis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
30171075
|
| 2018 |
RNF144A promoter contains a CpG island that is hypermethylated in breast cancer, leading to transcriptional silencing. The methyl-CpG-binding domain protein MBD4 contributes to this silencing, as genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of MBD4 increases RNF144A expression. Treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine reactivates RNF144A expression in hypermethylated cells. |
Bisulfite sequencing/methylation analysis, 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment, MBD4 siRNA knockdown and inhibitor treatment with RNF144A expression readouts |
Cancer medicine |
Medium |
29473320
|
| 2019 |
RNF144A interacts with HSPA2 and targets it for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Ligase activity-defective RNF144A mutants fail to induce HSPA2 ubiquitination/degradation and fail to suppress breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Ectopic HSPA2 expression rescues the anti-tumor effects of RNF144A overexpression. |
Quantitative proteomics, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, ligase-dead mutagenesis, HSPA2 rescue experiments, in vitro and in vivo tumor assays |
Cell death and differentiation |
High |
31406303
|
| 2020 |
The solution NMR structure of the RNF144A RING finger domain was determined. The domain binds two zinc atoms (confirmed by spectrophotometric metallochromic indicator assay) and the structure delineates the active site and E2-binding interface at atomic resolution. |
Solution NMR structure determination, metallochromic indicator assay for zinc stoichiometry |
Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society |
High |
32557973
|
| 2020 |
Under oxidative stress, VRK3 translocates from nucleus to cytoplasm, enabling its interaction with RNF144A, which promotes VRK3 polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Loss of VRK3 derepresses ERK activity, leading to ERK-dependent apoptosis. RNF144A overexpression increases ERK activity and promotes apoptosis via VRK3 downregulation; RNF144A depletion stabilizes VRK3 and protects cells from excessive ERK activation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, RNF144A overexpression/knockdown with VRK3 protein-level and ERK activity readouts, subcellular fractionation under oxidative stress |
Journal of cell science |
Medium |
33067254
|
| 2021 |
RNF144A interacts with PD-L1 at the plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles and promotes its poly-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. RNF144A knockout in mice stabilizes PD-L1 and reduces tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cell populations in carcinogen-induced bladder tumors. RNF144A also targets BMI1 for degradation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, Rnf144a knockout mouse model with carcinogen (BBN) challenge, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry for CD8+ T cells |
Cancer letters |
High |
34400221
|
| 2021 |
RNF144A interacts with LIN28B via co-immunoprecipitation and promotes its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in ovarian cancer cells. Ectopic LIN28B expression restores stem cell pluripotency-associated transcription factors in RNF144A-overexpressing cells, establishing an RNF144A–LIN28B epistatic relationship. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, RNF144A overexpression/knockdown with LIN28B protein-level and stem-cell marker readouts, LIN28B rescue experiment, mouse xenograft model |
Cell biology and toxicology |
Medium |
33978933
|
| 2022 |
RNF144A interacts with transcription factor YY1 and promotes its ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation, thereby blocking YY1-driven transcriptional activation of GMFG. Ectopic GMFG expression partially rescues the anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, and anti-invasive effects of RNF144A overexpression in breast cancer cells. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, transcriptome profiling (Affymetrix array), quantitative RT-PCR and western blot for GMFG, GMFG rescue experiment |
Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) |
Medium |
35103856
|
| 2023 |
RNF144A interacts with STING and promotes K6-linked ubiquitination of STING at lysine K236, enhancing STING translocation from the ER to the Golgi and downstream innate immune signaling. The K236R STING mutant shows reduced activity in innate immune signaling. RNF144A does not affect RNA virus- or cytosolic RNA-triggered innate immune responses (negative finding for RNA sensing). Rnf144a-deficient cells and mice show impaired DNA virus-triggered signaling. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays with linkage-specific antibodies, K236R STING mutant analysis, RNF144A knockdown/overexpression with interferon signaling readouts, Rnf144a-deficient mouse model with DNA virus challenge |
EMBO reports |
High |
37955227
|
| 2023 |
In hepatocellular carcinoma cells, RNF144A mediates ubiquitination of DNA-PKcs following combined radiation and topoisomerase I inhibitor treatment, reducing DNA-PKcs prosurvival signaling. In PLC5 cells, RNF144A undergoes nuclear translocation and is decreased, correlating with DNA-PKcs accumulation and radioresistance. The ubiquitin/proteasome system is required for this effect (reversed by proteasome inhibition). |
Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, subcellular fractionation, confocal microscopy, proteasome inhibitor treatment |
Journal of clinical and translational hepatology |
Medium |
36969901
|
| 2024 |
RNF144A interacts with BECN1 (Beclin-1) and promotes its K48-linked ubiquitination at K117 and K427, leading to proteasomal degradation of BECN1 and reduced autophagosome accumulation. This inhibits autophagy during L. monocytogenes infection. These two ubiquitination sites on BECN1 are required for the functional effect on autophagy and bacterial infection. rnf144a-deficient mice are protected from Lm infection and show enhanced innate immune responses. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays with K48-linkage-specific antibodies, site-directed mutagenesis of BECN1 ubiquitination sites (K117R, K427R), autophagosome flux assays, rnf144a KO mouse model with L. monocytogenes infection, proximity ligation assay |
Autophagy |
High |
39608349
|
| 2024 |
FOXF2 transcriptionally activates RNF144A expression, and the resulting RNF144A protein promotes ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of FTO (an m6A demethylase). This axis contributes to suppression of M2 macrophage (TAM) polarization in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. |
Overexpression/knockdown of FOXF2 and RNF144A with FTO protein-level readouts, ubiquitination assays, macrophage polarization assays, promoter transcription analysis |
International immunopharmacology |
Medium |
39447407
|
| 2025 |
RNF144A promotes proteasomal degradation of VRK2, which reduces VRK2-mediated phosphorylation of G3BP1, thereby promoting stress granule (SG) assembly. Overexpression of VRK2 inhibits SG formation and sensitizes cells to stress and chemotherapy. This establishes an RNF144A–VRK2–G3BP1 axis regulating SG formation. |
VRK2 overexpression/knockdown, RNF144A overexpression with VRK2 protein-level readouts, G3BP1 phosphorylation assays, stress granule imaging, cell viability under chemotherapy |
Cell death discovery |
Medium |
40204710
|
| 2025 |
RNF144A interacts with thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and promotes its ubiquitination and destabilization in lung fibroblasts. MSC-derived exosomes increase RNF144A expression, which suppresses TSHR protein levels and protects against LPS-induced pneumonia in vitro and in vivo. Re-expression of TSHR reverses the protective effects of MSC exosomes. |
GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, immunoprecipitation, RNF144A knockdown with TSHR protein-level readouts, LPS pneumonia mouse model |
Applied biochemistry and biotechnology |
Medium |
41123861
|