Affinage

PTPRD

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase delta · UniProt P23468

Length
1912 aa
Mass
214.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 22 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PTPRD is a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase that functions as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor and a regulator of neuronal development by directly dephosphorylating substrates including STAT3, desmoplakin, and GSK3β/α (PMID:19478061, PMID:25113440, PMID:35636503). Loss of PTPRD stabilizes phospho-STAT3, activating downstream oncogenic programs including ERK/CXCL8-driven angiogenesis and PD-L1 upregulation, and cooperates with CDKN2A deletion to drive gliomagenesis and lymphomagenesis in vivo (PMID:24843164, PMID:25138050, PMID:31805999, PMID:35117921). The PTPRD ectodomain mediates homotypic dimerization that inhibits phosphatase activity, a mechanism exploited by antibodies to trigger proteasomal/lysosomal degradation and suppress SRC-dependent invasion in breast cancer (PMID:37669874). In the nervous system, PTPRD regulates cortical neurogenesis, gliogenesis via JAK/STAT pathway modulation, and excitatory/inhibitory synaptic function, with its loss producing autistic-like behaviors in mice, and its mRNA stability is post-transcriptionally controlled by NSUN2-mediated m5C methylation (PMID:38890753, PMID:38487272, PMID:40544933).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 1993 High

    The foundational question of PTPRD's identity, genomic location, and expression pattern was resolved: the gene maps to 9p24, encodes a ~210 kDa transmembrane phosphatase with tandem PTP catalytic domains, is expressed in specific brain regions, and generates at least three ectodomain isoforms.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, Northern blot, in situ hybridization, and antibody detection of murine PTPRD; FISH mapping of human PTPRD

    PMID:8294211 PMID:8355697

    Open questions at the time
    • No substrates identified at this stage
    • Functional role of the extracellular Ig/FNIII domain isoforms undefined
    • No loss-of-function data
  2. 2009 High

    The key mechanistic question of what PTPRD dephosphorylates was answered: STAT3 was identified as a direct substrate, and cancer-associated PTPRD mutations were shown to abrogate phosphatase activity toward STAT3, establishing PTPRD as a tumor suppressor phosphatase.

    Evidence Reconstitution of WT versus mutant PTPRD in GBM cells with STAT3 dephosphorylation and growth inhibition assays

    PMID:19478061

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo validation of STAT3 regulation by PTPRD not yet established
    • Full substrate repertoire unknown
    • Mechanism of PTPRD inactivation in cancer beyond point mutations unclear
  3. 2014 High

    Three independent studies expanded the functional picture: in vivo genetic models proved that heterozygous Ptprd loss is sufficient to elevate pSTAT3 and cooperate with CDKN2A deletion to drive gliomas and lymphomas, while substrate-trap proteomics identified desmoplakin as an additional substrate linking PTPRD to cell migration and adhesion.

    Evidence RCAS/tv-a glioma mouse models with Ptprd/Cdkn2a co-deletion; Ptprd/Cdkn2a double-KO tumor spectrum analysis; substrate-trap mutagenesis with mass spectrometry in cancer cell lines

    PMID:24843164 PMID:25113440 PMID:25138050

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for substrate selectivity unknown
    • Whether desmoplakin dephosphorylation is physiologically relevant in vivo not tested
    • Mechanism of haploinsufficiency versus dominant-negative effects not resolved
  4. 2015 Medium

    PTPRD's STAT3-targeting role was extended to head and neck cancer, and behavioral genetics revealed that Ptprd dosage modulates sleep, locomotion, and cocaine reward in mice, establishing neurological functions beyond development.

    Evidence WT/mutant PTPRD transfection with pSTAT3 immunoblot in HNSCC cells; heterozygous/homozygous KO mouse behavioral assays

    PMID:26181631 PMID:26267899

    Open questions at the time
    • Neural substrates mediating behavioral phenotypes not identified
    • Whether STAT3 mediates PTPRD's behavioral effects unclear
    • PTPRD's role in specific neural circuits not mapped
  5. 2018 High

    Pharmacological targeting of PTPRD became feasible: 7-BIA was identified as a small-molecule phosphatase inhibitor with in vivo efficacy in reducing cocaine conditioned place preference in a PTPRD-dependent manner.

    Evidence In vitro phosphatase inhibition assay; PTPRD heterozygous KO rescue of behavioral effect of 7-BIA

    PMID:30348770

    Open questions at the time
    • 7-BIA selectivity across the PTP family not fully profiled
    • Neural circuit mechanism of PTPRD in reward not established
    • Therapeutic window and off-target effects undefined
  6. 2019 Medium

    Downstream consequences of PTPRD loss were elaborated: PTPRD deficiency activates ERK and STAT3 to upregulate CXCL8, promoting angiogenesis and metastasis in gastric cancer.

    Evidence Microarray, PTPRD knockdown, ELISA for CXCL8, tube formation assay, ERK/STAT3 inhibitor rescue

    PMID:31805999

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PTPRD directly dephosphorylates ERK or acts indirectly not resolved
    • In vivo validation of angiogenesis pathway limited
  7. 2022 Medium

    The substrate repertoire and signaling consequences of PTPRD were broadened: GSK3β/α were identified as brain substrates with substrate-selective allosteric modulation by flavonols; PTPRD was shown to suppress PD-L1 via STAT3; and PTPRD loss was linked to PDGFRB/PLCγ1-driven smooth muscle cell migration and pulmonary hypertension.

    Evidence KO versus WT phosphoproteomics with recombinant PTPRD in vitro assay; PTPRD overexpression/knockdown in HepG2 for PD-L1; PTPRD KO rats under hypoxia with PDGFRB/PLCγ1 inhibitor studies

    PMID:35117921 PMID:35636503 PMID:35848503

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for substrate-selective allosteric modulation by flavonols unknown
    • Whether PTPRD directly dephosphorylates PDGFRB not demonstrated
    • PD-L1 regulation not tested in vivo or in immune-competent models
  8. 2023 High

    The regulatory mechanism of PTPRD's ectodomain was elucidated: antibody-induced homotypic dimerization inhibits phosphatase activity and targets the receptor for lysosomal/proteasomal degradation, suppressing SRC signaling and invasion in breast cancer.

    Evidence Monoclonal antibody RD-43 binding, dimerization assay, chemically induced dimerization, phosphatase activity measurement, degradation pathway dissection with inhibitors, SRC immunoblot, invasion assay

    PMID:37669874

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether dimerization-mediated inhibition occurs physiologically via endogenous ligands unknown
    • Crystal structure of dimerized PTPRD ectodomain not available
    • In vivo therapeutic efficacy of RD-43 not demonstrated
  9. 2024 Medium

    PTPRD's roles in cortical development were mechanistically defined: loss increases both excitatory and inhibitory neuron numbers and impairs synaptic function causing autistic-like behaviors, while neural-specific deletion reduces gliogenesis by lowering JAK/STAT pathway activation in radial glia.

    Evidence Constitutive and conditional PTPRD KO mice with neuronal counting, electrophysiology, behavioral assays, and JAK/STAT immunoblot/immunofluorescence

    PMID:38487272 PMID:38890753

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific PTPRD substrates mediating cortical neurogenesis versus gliogenesis decisions unidentified
    • Relationship between synaptic dysfunction and behavioral phenotype at circuit level not resolved
    • Whether JAK/STAT regulation by PTPRD in glia involves direct JAK dephosphorylation unknown
  10. 2025 Medium

    Post-transcriptional regulation of PTPRD was uncovered: NSUN2-mediated m5C methylation stabilizes PTPRD mRNA in astrocytes after traumatic brain injury, promoting A1 astrocyte activation and neuroinflammation.

    Evidence m5C-RIP, RNA stability assays, NSUN2 knockdown and PTPRD overexpression mouse models, astrocyte phenotyping by flow cytometry

    PMID:40544933

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific m5C sites on PTPRD mRNA and their individual contributions not mapped
    • Whether NSUN2-PTPRD axis operates in other neuroinflammatory contexts untested
    • Reader protein interpreting m5C on PTPRD mRNA not identified

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include: the full physiological substrate repertoire of PTPRD in neurons versus non-neuronal tissues; the structural basis of substrate selectivity and allosteric regulation; whether endogenous trans-ligands trigger dimerization-mediated inhibition in vivo; and the precise mechanism by which PTPRD loss leads to both increased neurogenesis and impaired gliogenesis.
  • No structural model of full-length PTPRD or substrate-bound catalytic domain
  • Endogenous extracellular ligands that regulate dimerization not identified
  • Relationship between STAT3 dephosphorylation and SRC regulation not integrated

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 5 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 4
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 6 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 5 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2
Partners
DSPGSK3AGSK3BNSUN2SRCSTAT3

Evidence

Reading pass · 22 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2009 PTPRD dephosphorylates the oncoprotein STAT3; wild-type PTPRD inhibits growth of GBM cells, whereas cancer-specific mutant alleles lose this function, establishing PTPRD as a tumor suppressor phosphatase that directly targets STAT3. Cell growth assays with WT vs. mutant PTPRD reconstitution; STAT3 dephosphorylation assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 19478061
2014 Loss of Ptprd in mice results in phospho-STAT3 accumulation and constitutive activation of STAT3-driven gene programs; heterozygous Ptprd loss cooperates with p16/CDKN2A deletion to drive gliomagenesis, demonstrating haploinsufficiency and dosage dependence. Mouse glioma model (RCAS/tv-a system), immunoblot for pSTAT3, genetic epistasis with CDKN2A deletion Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 24843164
2014 Using a substrate-trap form of PTPRD combined with mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation, desmoplakin was identified as a novel PTPRD substrate; cancer-associated mutant PTPRD showed reduced phosphatase activity toward desmoplakin and conferred enhanced cell migration. Substrate-trap mutagenesis, mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, migration assays Human mutation High 25113440
2014 Heterozygous and homozygous deletion of Ptprd in mice cooperates with Cdkn2a loss to accelerate tumorigenesis and alter tumor spectrum, increasing lymphoma frequency; heterozygous loss alone was sufficient, indicating haploinsufficient tumor suppressor activity. Mouse genetic model — co-deletion of Ptprd and Cdkn2a, tumor spectrum analysis Oncotarget High 25138050
1994 The intracellular catalytic domain of HPTP-beta (PTPRB; note: the paper describes HPTPβ, a distinct PTP, but PMID 8135747 concerns HPTPβ not PTPRD — excluding this entry as it is a different gene). N/A N/A Low
1993 The murine ortholog MPTP-delta (PTPRD) is expressed in hippocampus, thalamic reticular nucleus, and piriform cortex in brain, and in pre-B cell lines; the cytoplasmic region contains two tandem PTP domains with intrinsic phosphatase activity; at least three mRNA isoforms differing in extracellular domain composition (Ig-like and FN-III domains) were identified. cDNA library screening, Northern blot, in situ hybridization, antibody detection of ~210 kDa protein in brain/kidney lysates Molecular and cellular biology High 8355697
2011 PTPRD suppresses colon cancer cell migration and is required for appropriate cell-cell adhesion; PTPRD regulates cell migration in cooperation with β-catenin/TCF signaling and its target CD44. Overexpression/knockdown in colon cancer lines, migration assays, cell-cell adhesion assays, signaling pathway analysis Experimental and therapeutic medicine Medium 22977525
2015 Loss-of-function PTPRD mutations (but not methylation or copy number loss) lead to increased STAT3 activation in head and neck cancer; overexpression of wild-type PTPRD inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation and cell growth, whereas PTPRD mutants do not. Transfection of WT vs. mutant PTPRD, immunoblot for pSTAT3, MTT growth assay, methylation-specific PCR PloS one Medium 26267899
2019 PTPRD-loss increases CXCL8 expression via ERK and STAT3 signaling pathways, promoting angiogenesis and metastasis in gastric cancer; inhibitors of ERK or STAT3 abrogate PTPRD-loss-induced angiogenesis. Microarray, stable/transient PTPRD knockdown, ELISA, in vitro tube formation, specific kinase inhibitors Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research Medium 31805999
2018 Heterozygous PTPRD knockout reduces cocaine self-administration in mice; 7-butoxy illudalic acid analog (7-BIA) identified as a small molecule that targets PTPRD and inhibits its phosphatase activity with some selectivity, reducing cocaine-conditioned place preference in a PTPRD-dependent manner. Heterozygous KO mouse cocaine self-administration, phosphatase inhibition assay with 7-BIA, conditioned place preference with rescue by KO Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 30348770
2022 PTPRD phosphatase activity dephosphorylates several brain phosphotyrosine phosphoproteins (identified as candidate substrates by increased phosphorylation in KO vs. WT mice and brisk dephosphorylation by recombinant PTPRD); flavonols (quercetin and other flavonols) positively allosterically modulate PTPRD's dephosphorylation of a substrate-selective subset including GSK3β and GSK3α but not others. KO vs. WT phosphoproteomics, recombinant PTPRD in vitro phosphatase assay, substrate-selective positive allosteric modulation by flavonols Biochemical pharmacology Medium 35636503
2023 Antibody RD-43 targeting the PTPRD ectodomain triggers PTPRD dimerization, which impairs phosphatase activity; the mAb-PTPRD dimer complex is then degraded via lysosomal and proteasomal pathways independently of secretase cleavage; RD-43 treatment inhibits SRC signaling downstream of PTPRD and suppresses PTPRD-dependent cell invasion in metastatic breast cancer cells. Monoclonal antibody binding to endogenous PTPRD (Co-IP/western), dimerization assay, chemically induced dimerization, phosphatase activity assay, lysosomal/proteasomal inhibitor treatments, SRC signaling immunoblot, invasion assay Genes & development High 37669874
2015 PTPRD is downregulated in type 2 diabetes by DNMT1-mediated promoter DNA hypermethylation; PTPRD knockdown reduces insulin receptor expression, and overexpression of human insulin receptor PPARγ2 in HepG2 cells induces PTPRD overexpression, indicating PTPRD participates in insulin signaling upstream of the insulin receptor. shRNA knockdown, overexpression in HepG2, bisulfite analysis, DNMT1 inhibitor experiments, T2D mouse model Oncotarget Medium 26079428
2015 In mouse PTPRD knockout models, reduced PTPRD expression leads to decreased sleep at the end of active periods, increased locomotion in heterozygotes, and shifted dose-response relationships for cocaine reward, establishing behavioral roles for PTPRD in sleep, locomotion, and drug reward circuits. Heterozygous and homozygous PTPRD knockout mice, behavioral assays (locomotion, cocaine conditioned place preference, sleep assessment) Molecular medicine Medium 26181631
2022 PTPRD suppresses PD-L1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) by downregulating STAT3 and pSTAT3; PTPRD overexpression reduces pSTAT3 and PD-L1, while PTPRD depletion increases them. Overexpression and knockdown in HepG2, western blot for STAT3/pSTAT3/PD-L1 Translational cancer research Medium 35117921
2022 PTPRD methylation-mediated silencing (via DNMT1) promotes pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell migration through the PDGFRB/PLCγ1 axis; PTPRD knockdown rats under hypoxia develop exacerbated pulmonary hypertension with elevated PLCγ1 activity. Stable PTPRD knockdown in PASMCs, DNMT1 inhibition/promoter methylation analysis, PDGFRB/PLCγ1 inhibitor studies, heterozygous PTPRD KO rats with hypoxia-induced PH model Journal of hypertension Medium 35848503
2024 Loss of PTPRD in mice (Ptprd+/- or Ptprd-/-) increases excitatory and inhibitory cortical neuron numbers persisting into adulthood, impairs both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic function in medial prefrontal cortex, and induces autistic-like behaviors without learning/memory or anxiety deficits. Constitutive heterozygous and homozygous Ptprd KO mice, neuronal counting, electrophysiology, behavioral assays Biological research Medium 38890753
2024 Neural conditional knockout of PTPRD in the telencephalon reduces glial precursors, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes; this gliogenic defect results from fewer radial glia at gliogenesis onset and reduced activation of the JAK/STAT pathway and gliogenic gene expression. Conditional KO mouse (telencephalon-specific), cell counting, JAK/STAT pathway immunoblot/immunofluorescence, gliogenic gene expression Frontiers in cell and developmental biology Medium 38487272
2020 PTPRD hypomethylation in pre-adipocytes of first-degree relatives of T2D subjects leads to PTPRD upregulation; overexpression of Ptprd in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes inhibits adipogenesis, establishing a functional role for PTPRD in restraining adipogenesis. MeDIP-Seq/RNA-Seq, bisulfite sequencing, Ptprd overexpression in 3T3-L1 cells with adipogenesis readout Epigenomics Medium 32483983
2022 PTPRD was identified as a substrate of BACE1 in Alzheimer's disease brain, with reduced PTPRD protein levels confirmed by Western blotting in AD samples. Bioinformatics analysis of BACE1 substrate proteomics dataset; Western blot validation in AD brain tissue International journal of molecular sciences Low 35562959
2025 NSUN2-mediated m5C methylation of PTPRD mRNA enhances its stability in astrocytes following traumatic brain injury; elevated PTPRD promotes A1 astrocyte activation and neuroinflammation, and NSUN2 knockdown attenuates TBI-induced damage by reducing PTPRD levels. RNA immunoprecipitation (m5C-RIP), RNA stability assays, NSUN2 KD and PTPRD OE mouse models, flow cytometry for astrocyte phenotypes, TUNEL Brain research Medium 40544933
1993 The human PTPRD gene (HPTP delta) was chromosomally assigned to 9p24 by fluorescence in situ hybridization using human-mouse hybrid cell lines. FISH, somatic cell hybrid panel Japanese journal of cancer research Medium 8294211

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2009 The tyrosine phosphatase PTPRD is a tumor suppressor that is frequently inactivated and mutated in glioblastoma and other human cancers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 235 19478061
2008 PTPRD (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type delta) is associated with restless legs syndrome. Nature genetics 194 18660810
1994 Characterization and kinetic analysis of the intracellular domain of human protein tyrosine phosphatase beta (HPTP beta) using synthetic phosphopeptides. The Biochemical journal 192 8135747
1991 The receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase HPTP alpha has two active catalytic domains with distinct substrate specificities. The EMBO journal 127 1915292
2012 A sensitive H2O2 assay based on dumbbell-like PtPd-Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 121 23060096
2008 Mutational inactivation of PTPRD in glioblastoma multiforme and malignant melanoma. Cancer research 109 19074898
2006 High-resolution analysis of chromosomal breakpoints and genomic instability identifies PTPRD as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in neuroblastoma. Cancer research 107 16585193
1993 MPTP delta, a putative murine homolog of HPTP delta, is expressed in specialized regions of the brain and in the B-cell lineage. Molecular and cellular biology 82 8355697
2014 Loss of the tyrosine phosphatase PTPRD leads to aberrant STAT3 activation and promotes gliomagenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 78 24843164
2019 PTPRD: neurobiology, genetics, and initial pharmacology of a pleiotropic contributor to brain phenotypes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 74 30648269
2010 A catalog of genes homozygously deleted in human lung cancer and the candidacy of PTPRD as a tumor suppressor gene. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 74 20073072
1993 Substrate specificities of catalytic fragments of protein tyrosine phosphatases (HPTP beta, LAR, and CD45) toward phosphotyrosylpeptide substrates and thiophosphotyrosylated peptides as inhibitors. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 72 8318901
2019 PTPD: predicting therapeutic peptides by deep learning and word2vec. BMC bioinformatics 69 31492094
2018 Ultrathin PtPd-Based Nanorings with Abundant Step Atoms Enhance Oxygen Catalysis. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 61 30080292
1994 Molecular cloning, characterization, and chromosomal localization of a novel protein-tyrosine phosphatase, HPTP eta. Blood 60 7994032
2010 High resolution ArrayCGH and expression profiling identifies PTPRD and PCDH17/PCH68 as tumor suppressor gene candidates in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 58 21213369
2011 Fabrication and application of amperometric glucose biosensor based on a novel PtPd bimetallic nanoparticle decorated multi-walled carbon nanotube catalyst. Biosensors & bioelectronics 51 22277115
2015 Loss-of-Function PTPRD Mutations Lead to Increased STAT3 Activation and Sensitivity to STAT3 Inhibition in Head and Neck Cancer. PloS one 50 26267899
2015 Mouse Model for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase D (PTPRD) Associations with Restless Leg Syndrome or Willis-Ekbom Disease and Addiction: Reduced Expression Alters Locomotion, Sleep Behaviors and Cocaine-Conditioned Place Preference. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 48 26181631
2015 Colorimetric detection of the flux of hydrogen peroxide released from living cells based on the high peroxidase-like catalytic performance of porous PtPd nanorods. Biosensors & bioelectronics 47 25982545
2023 A novel CRISPR/Cas14a-based electrochemical biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei with PtPd@PCN-224 nanoenzymes for signal amplification. Biosensors & bioelectronics 46 36701949
2011 Tyrosine phosphatase PTPRD suppresses colon cancer cell migration in coordination with CD44. Experimental and therapeutic medicine 43 22977525
2011 Family-based and population-based association studies validate PTPRD as a risk factor for restless legs syndrome. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 42 21264940
2019 PTPRD-inactivation-induced CXCL8 promotes angiogenesis and metastasis in gastric cancer and is inhibited by metformin. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 41 31805999
2018 Cocaine reward is reduced by decreased expression of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase D (PTPRD) and by a novel PTPRD antagonist. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 41 30348770
2012 PPAR-γ2 and PTPRD gene polymorphisms influence type 2 diabetes patients' response to pioglitazone in China. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 41 23147557
1992 Purification and characterization of the catalytic domains of the human receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatases HPTP beta, leukocyte common antigen (LCA), and leukocyte common antigen-related molecule (LAR). The Journal of biological chemistry 39 1318316
2015 Evidence that homozygous PTPRD gene microdeletion causes trigonocephaly, hearing loss, and intellectual disability. Molecular cytogenetics 36 26082802
2015 Ultrasensitive strategy based on PtPd nanodendrite/nano-flower-like@GO signal amplification for the detection of long non-coding RNA. Biosensors & bioelectronics 35 26143461
2018 PTPRT and PTPRD Deleterious Mutations and Deletion Predict Bevacizumab Resistance in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cancers 33 30200630
2015 PTPRD gene associated with blood pressure response to atenolol and resistant hypertension. Journal of hypertension 33 26425837
2015 Genome-Wide Association Study Suggested the PTPRD Polymorphisms Were Associated With Weight Gain Effects of Atypical Antipsychotic Medications. Schizophrenia bulletin 31 26656879
2022 Oxygen Free Radical Scavenger PtPd@PDA as a Dual-Mode Quencher of Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor for the Detection of AFB1. Analytical chemistry 30 35950288
2014 Mutational and functional analysis of the tumor-suppressor PTPRD in human melanoma. Human mutation 29 25113440
2014 Growth of Pt-Pd Nanoparticles Studied In Situ by HRTEM in a Liquid Cell. The journal of physical chemistry letters 29 26270503
2013 Germline PTPRD mutations in Ewing sarcoma: biologic and clinical implications. Oncotarget 28 23800680
2013 Electrochemistry of cholesterol biosensor based on a novel Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticle decorated graphene catalyst. Talanta 27 23618155
2012 Nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on novel Pt-Pd nanoflakes. Talanta 27 22967664
2001 Size-selective electrochemical preparation of surfactant-stabilized Pd-, Ni- and Pt/Pd colloids. Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 27 11303867
1992 Expression and characterization of wild type, truncated, and mutant forms of the intracellular region of the receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase HPTP beta. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 1322915
2015 PTPRD silencing by DNA hypermethylation decreases insulin receptor signaling and leads to type 2 diabetes. Oncotarget 26 26079428
2021 Association of PTPRD/PTPRT Mutation With Better Clinical Outcomes in NSCLC Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Blockades. Frontiers in oncology 22 34123798
2020 Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D (PTPRD)-mediated signaling pathways for the potential treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a narrative review. Annals of translational medicine 22 33241041
1997 Metabolism of haloperidol to pyridinium species in patients receiving high doses intravenously: is HPTP an intermediate? Life sciences 22 9399630
2022 Real-time COVID-19 detection via graphite oxide-based field-effect transistor biosensors decorated with Pt/Pd nanoparticles. Scientific reports 21 36307495
2015 L-cysteine induced hemin/G-quadruplex concatemers electrocatalytic amplification with Pt-Pd supported on fullerene as a nanocarrier for sensing the spore wall protein of Nosema bombycis. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 21 25473932
2009 Identification of ZNF366 and PTPRD as novel determinants of plasma homocysteine in a family-based genome-wide association study. Blood 21 19525478
2015 Anamperometric superoxide anion radicalbiosensor based on SOD/PtPd-PDARGO modified electrode. Talanta 20 25770601
2014 Deletion of Ptprd and Cdkn2a cooperate to accelerate tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 20 25138050
2011 Synthesis of bimetallic Pt-Pd core-shell nanocrystals and their high electrocatalytic activity modulated by Pd shell thickness. Nanoscale 20 22159178
2008 Aberrant splicing of the PTPRD gene mimics microdeletions identified at this locus in neuroblastomas. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 20 18050303
2024 Bimetallic PtPd Atomic Clusters as Apoptosis/Ferroptosis Inducers for Antineoplastic Therapy through Heterogeneous Catalytic Processes. ACS nano 18 38456744
2023 Hollow SnO2/CdS QDs/CdCO3 heterostructured nanocubes coupled with hollow PtPd/MnCo-CeO2 nanozyme-mediated synergistic amplification for ultrasensitive PEC immunoanalysis of lung cancer biomarker. Biosensors & bioelectronics 18 37209517
2020 MiR-324-5p/PTPRD/CEBPD axis promotes papillary thyroid carcinoma progression via microenvironment alteration. Cancer biology & therapy 17 32151175
2020 Altered PTPRD DNA methylation associates with restricted adipogenesis in healthy first-degree relatives of Type 2 diabetes subjects. Epigenomics 17 32483983
2018 Synthesis of Pt-Pd Bimetallic Porous Nanostructures as Electrocatalysts for the Methanol Oxidation Reaction. Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) 15 29601490
2014 Facile synthesis of Pt/Pd nanodendrites for the direct oxidation of methanol. Nanotechnology 15 24762712
2014 A pseudo triple-enzyme electrochemical aptasensor based on the amplification of Pt-Pd nanowires and hemin/G-quadruplex. Analytica chimica acta 15 24928244
2024 Pt/Pd dual-modified porphyrin metal-organic frameworks for NIR-II photothermal-enhanced photodynamic/catalytic therapy. Journal of colloid and interface science 14 39180847
2022 Methylation-mediated silencing of PTPRD induces pulmonary hypertension by promoting pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell migration via the PDGFRB/PLCγ1 axis. Journal of hypertension 14 35848503
2022 PTPRD/PTPRT mutation as a predictive biomarker of immune checkpoint inhibitors across multiple cancer types. Frontiers in immunology 14 36248841
2021 Exonuclease III-Driven Dual-Amplified Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on PDDA-Gr/PtPd@Ni-Co Hollow Nanoboxes for Chloramphenicol Detection. ACS applied materials & interfaces 14 34038999
2024 Boosting Formate Electrooxidation by Heterostructured PtPd Alloy and Oxides Nanowires. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 13 38625813
2022 Direct Imaging of the Atomic Mechanisms Governing the Growth and Shape of Bimetallic Pt-Pd Nanocrystals by In Situ Liquid Cell STEM. ACS nano 13 36036793
2020 The long noncoding RNA Ptprd-IR is a novel molecular target for TGF-β1-mediated nephritis. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 13 32173520
2018 Genetic validation study of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D (PTPRD) gene variants and risk for antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 13 30229349
2017 Recurrent epigenetic silencing of the PTPRD tumor suppressor in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 13 28345455
2015 PTPRD is homozygously deleted and epigenetically downregulated in human hepatocellular carcinomas. Omics : a journal of integrative biology 13 25831062
1997 Functional characterization of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase CD148 (HPTP eta/DEP-1) in Fc gamma receptor IIa signal transduction of human neutrophils. European journal of immunology 13 9464844
2022 PTPRD and CNTNAP2 as markers of tumor aggressiveness in oligodendrogliomas. Scientific reports 12 35982066
2011 In search of patterns over physicochemical properties and pharmacological activities for a set of [MCl₂(thiosemicarbazone)] complexes (M=Pt/Pd): support for multiple mechanisms of antichagasic action excluding DNA-bonding in vivo? European journal of medicinal chemistry 12 21550147
2024 A bifunctional MXene@PtPd NPs cascade DNAzyme-mediated fluorescence/colorimetric dual-mode biosensor for Pb2+ determination. Food chemistry 11 39504898
2022 PTPRD and DCC Are Novel BACE1 Substrates Differentially Expressed in Alzheimer's Disease: A Data Mining and Bioinformatics Study. International journal of molecular sciences 11 35562959
2020 Binary nonmetal S and P-co-doping into mesoporous PtPd nanocages boosts oxygen reduction electrocatalysis. Nanoscale 11 32633743
2016 Genetic variants in PTPRD and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Oncotarget 11 27738328
2024 Loss of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor delta PTPRD increases the number of cortical neurons, impairs synaptic function and induces autistic-like behaviors in adult mice. Biological research 10 38890753
2023 Mice lacking Ptprd exhibit deficits in goal-directed behavior and female-specific impairments in sensorimotor gating. PloS one 10 37205689
2022 A sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for CYFRA 21-1 based on probe-confined in PtPd/polydopamine/hollow carbon spheres coupled with dendritic Au@Rh nanocrystals. Mikrochimica acta 10 35789294
2013 Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles dispersed in an ionic liquid and peroxidase immobilized on nanoclay applied in the development of a biosensor. The Analyst 9 23799234
2024 Enhanced peroxidase-like activity of Cu-Cu2O composite film through PtPd immobilization for colorimetric glucose detection. Talanta 8 38521022
2023 Manipulating PTPRD function with ectodomain antibodies. Genes & development 8 37669874
2022 Substrate-selective positive allosteric modulation of PTPRD's phosphatase by flavonols. Biochemical pharmacology 8 35636503
2019 miR-516a-3p promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibits apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma by targeting PTPRD. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 8 31933822
2024 A fluorescence-electrochemical dual-mode aptasensor based on novel DNA-dependent PBNFs@PtPd for highly selective and sensitive detection of procymidone through hybridization chain reaction. The Science of the total environment 7 38631626
2020 Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type delta (PTPRD) suppresses the expression of PD-L1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma by down-regulating STAT3. Translational cancer research 7 35117921
2012 Functional analysis of the putative tumor suppressor PTPRD in neuroblastoma cells. Cancer investigation 7 22571343
2012 Replication study for the association of rs391300 in SRR and rs17584499 in PTPRD with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in a Japanese population. Journal of diabetes investigation 7 24843648
2010 Performance of PtPd electrocatalysts in direct methanol fuel cell. Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology 7 20359018
1996 Dopamine receptor binding of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)- 4-oxobutyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (HPTP), an intermediate metabolite of haloperidol. Life sciences 7 8761315
2024 Neural conditional ablation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor Delta PTPRD impairs gliogenesis in the developing mouse brain cortex. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 6 38487272
2022 Effect of dietary calcium on the gender-specific association between polymorphisms in the PTPRD locus and osteoporosis. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 6 35151124
2025 NSUN2 enhances the stability of PTPRD mRNA via m5C methylation to aggravate astrocyte activation. Brain research 5 40544933
2021 Development of an electrochemical enzyme-free glucose sensor based on self-assembled Pt-Pd bimetallic nanosuperlattices. The Analyst 5 33016273
2021 DIAPH2, PTPRD and HIC1 Gene Polymorphisms and Laryngeal Cancer Risk. International journal of environmental research and public health 5 34299935
2016 Catalytic Intervention of MoO3 toward Ethanol Oxidation on PtPd Nanoparticles Decorated MoO3-Polypyrrole Composite Support. ACS applied materials & interfaces 5 27649283
1999 Transcriptional regulation of a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase gene hPTP-J by PKC-mediated signaling pathways in Jurkat and Molt-4 T lymphoma cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta 5 10395944
2023 Effectiveness of exercise and pramipexole in the treatment of restless leg syndrome: Implications on the dopaminergic system and PTPRD. Sleep medicine 4 37633178
2021 Structure-activity studies of PTPRD phosphatase inhibitors identify a 7-cyclopentymethoxy illudalic acid analog candidate for development. Biochemical pharmacology 4 34863978
1996 Long-term treatment with the tetrahydropyridine analog (HPTP) of haloperidol influences dopamine ligand binding in baboon brain. An [123I]iodobenzamide (IBZM) SPECT study. Brain research. Molecular brain research 4 9037540
1993 Chromosomal assignment of the gene for protein tyrosine phosphatase HPTP delta. Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann 4 8294211