Affinage

PTPRD

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase delta · UniProt P23468

Length
1912 aa
Mass
214.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 26 papers cited in narrative 27 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: tie faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PTPRD is a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase that functions as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor by dephosphorylating the oncoprotein STAT3, restraining STAT3-driven transcriptional programs that promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and immune evasion (PMID:19478061, PMID:24843164, PMID:35117921). Its bacterially expressed cytoplasmic domain is an intrinsically active tyrosine phosphatase with a juxta-membrane segment that imposes negative autoregulation, and it shows substrate preference for Src Tyr-527, PDGF-R, and ERK1 phosphopeptides (PMID:8135747, PMID:1322915). Beyond STAT3, substrate-trap and phosphoproteomic approaches have identified the desmosomal adhesion protein desmoplakin and the candidate brain substrates GSK3α/β as PTPRD targets (PMID:25113440, PMID:35636503). Cancer-associated loss-of-function mutations reduce phosphatase activity toward these substrates, leading to phospho-STAT3 accumulation, while heterozygous Ptprd loss cooperates with Cdkn2a deletion to accelerate gliomagenesis in mice (PMID:24843164, PMID:25138050, PMID:25113440). PTPRD also restrains cell migration and invasion across multiple tumor types — engaging β-catenin/TCF–CD44, ERK/STAT3–CXCL8, and PDGFRB/PLCγ1 signaling — and its catalytic activity is impaired by induced dimerization of the phosphatase domain, which also suppresses SRC signaling (PMID:22977525, PMID:31805999, PMID:35848503, PMID:37669874, PMID:25113440). In the nervous system, PTPRD controls the balance of cortical neurogenesis and gliogenesis through TrkB, PDGFRβ, and JAK/STAT signaling and shapes synaptic transmission, with knockout mice showing autistic-like, sleep, sensorimotor, and cocaine-reward phenotypes that are pharmacologically tractable through phosphatase inhibitors and allosteric modulators (PMID:35636503, PMID:30348770, PMID:38890753, PMID:38487272, PMID:26181631).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 17 steps
  1. 1992 High

    Established that PTPRD's cytoplasmic domain is an autonomous, regulatable tyrosine phosphatase, defining its catalytic boundaries and an intramolecular negative-regulatory element.

    Evidence Bacterial expression with truncation/deletion mutagenesis and PTPase assays

    PMID:1322915

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not identify physiological substrates
    • Regulation in the context of the full-length receptor untested
  2. 1994 High

    Quantified the enzyme's kinetics and substrate preference, ranking Src Tyr-527 above PDGF-R and ERK1, providing the first candidate substrate hierarchy.

    Evidence Purified recombinant intracellular domain, Malachite Green phosphatase assay on synthetic phosphopeptides

    PMID:8135747

    Open questions at the time
    • Synthetic peptides do not establish cellular substrates
    • No structural basis for substrate selectivity
  3. 1993 Medium

    Characterized PTPRD as a brain- and kidney-enriched multi-isoform adhesion-type receptor and mapped it to 9p24, laying the groundwork for its later tumor-suppressor and neural roles.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, Northern blot, in situ hybridization, FISH and somatic cell hybrid mapping

    PMID:8294211 PMID:8355697

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of isoform diversity unresolved
    • Extracellular ligands not identified
  4. 2009 High

    Identified STAT3 as a direct PTPRD substrate and demonstrated that cancer-specific mutations abolish growth suppression, defining PTPRD as a STAT3-restraining tumor suppressor.

    Evidence STAT3 dephosphorylation phosphatase assay and growth inhibition with WT vs. mutant reconstitution in GBM cells

    PMID:19478061

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish in vivo tumor suppression
    • Mechanism of STAT3 recognition unmapped
  5. 2014 High

    Provided in vivo genetic proof of haploinsufficient tumor suppression and linked phospho-STAT3 accumulation causally to gliomagenesis upon Ptprd loss combined with Cdkn2a deletion.

    Evidence Heterozygous Ptprd/Cdkn2a mouse glioma models with phospho-STAT3 immunoblotting and tumor incidence analysis

    PMID:24843164 PMID:25138050

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether STAT3 is the sole effector of tumor suppression unclear
    • Tissue specificity of cooperation not dissected
  6. 2014 High

    Expanded the substrate repertoire by identifying desmoplakin via substrate-trapping, connecting PTPRD to desmosomal cell-cell adhesion, and showed cancer mutations impair this activity.

    Evidence Substrate-trap mutagenesis, mass spectrometry, co-IP, and phosphatase assays

    PMID:25113440

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological consequence of desmoplakin dephosphorylation not shown
    • Single lab
  7. 2015 Medium

    Generalized the STAT3-suppressor model to HNSCC and melanoma and showed loss-of-function mutations confer a pro-migratory gain-of-function phenotype, with mutant cells sensitized to STAT3 blockade.

    Evidence WT vs. somatic-mutant reconstitution, growth and migration assays, phospho-STAT3 immunoblotting

    PMID:25113440 PMID:26267899

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking phosphatase loss to migration not fully resolved
    • Therapeutic exploitation untested in vivo
  8. 2011 Medium

    Connected PTPRD loss to migration and adhesion control through β-catenin/TCF–CD44 signaling in colon cancer.

    Evidence Knockdown/overexpression, migration and adhesion assays, β-catenin/TCF reporters

    PMID:22977525

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct substrate in this axis not identified
    • Single lab
  9. 2019 Medium

    Defined how PTPRD loss drives angiogenesis and metastasis via ERK/STAT3-dependent CXCL8 induction, with pathway inhibitors reversing the phenotype.

    Evidence Stable knockdown, transcriptomics, ELISA, HUVEC tube formation, pharmacological inhibitors

    PMID:31805999

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of ERK vs. STAT3 not quantified
    • In vivo metastasis mechanism partial
  10. 2020 Medium

    Extended STAT3 control to immune evasion, showing PTPRD suppresses PD-L1 via STAT3 downregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma.

    Evidence Bidirectional overexpression/knockdown with STAT3/p-STAT3/PD-L1 readouts

    PMID:35117921

    Open questions at the time
    • No in vivo immune-context validation
    • Single publication
  11. 2022 Medium

    Identified PDGFRB/PLCγ1 as a PTPRD-restrained axis in vascular smooth muscle, with epigenetic silencing driving pathological remodeling.

    Evidence Knockdown, migration assays, DNMT1 inhibition, and heterozygous PTPRD KO rat hypoxia model

    PMID:35848503

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct dephosphorylation of PDGFRB not demonstrated
    • Single lab
  12. 2023 High

    Revealed that ectodomain-induced dimerization inactivates the phosphatase and suppresses SRC-driven invasion, establishing a therapeutic strategy and a dimerization-based regulatory mechanism.

    Evidence Monoclonal antibody RD-43, chemically-induced dimerization, phosphatase and invasion assays, degradation pathway dissection

    PMID:37669874

    Open questions at the time
    • Endogenous physiological dimerization trigger unknown
    • Generality across tumor types untested
  13. 2018 High

    Demonstrated that PTPRD phosphatase activity is pharmacologically targetable and mediates cocaine reward, with a small-molecule inhibitor acting through PTPRD genetically.

    Evidence In vitro inhibition assay with 7-BIA, heterozygous KO behavioral epistasis, pharmacological rescue

    PMID:30348770

    Open questions at the time
    • Brain substrate(s) mediating reward not defined here
    • Inhibitor selectivity partial
  14. 2022 Medium

    Identified GSK3α/β as candidate brain substrates and discovered flavonols as substrate-selective positive allosteric modulators of PTPRD.

    Evidence Recombinant phosphatase assay, KO vs. WT brain phosphoproteomics, allosteric modulator screening

    PMID:35636503

    Open questions at the time
    • Cellular validation of GSK3 dephosphorylation limited
    • Modulator mechanism not structurally resolved
  15. 2024 Medium

    Established PTPRD as a regulator of the neurogenesis–gliogenesis balance, restraining TrkB/PDGFRβ in precursors and promoting gliogenic JAK/STAT activation, with knockout causing autistic-like phenotypes.

    Evidence Constitutive and conditional KO mice, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, electrophysiology, gene expression, behavior

    PMID:38487272 PMID:38890753

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct receptor substrates in precursors not confirmed
    • Link from cellular imbalance to behavior incomplete
  16. 2025 Medium

    Showed PTPRD is post-transcriptionally regulated by NSUN2-mediated m5C mRNA methylation, driving pro-inflammatory astrocyte activation after brain injury.

    Evidence RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA stability assays, m5C detection, NSUN2 knockdown with PTPRD-overexpression rescue in mice

    PMID:40544933

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream phosphatase substrates in astrocytes unidentified
    • Single lab
  17. 2015 Medium

    Linked PTPRD dosage to behavioral phenotypes including sleep, locomotion, and cocaine reward, supporting a neuromodulatory role.

    Evidence Hetero- and homozygous KO mice with sleep, locomotion, and conditioned place-preference phenotyping

    PMID:26181631

    Open questions at the time
    • Circuit and substrate basis of behaviors unresolved
    • Dose-response complexity unexplained

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The extracellular ligand engagement and the structural/regulatory logic connecting adhesion, dimerization, and substrate selection to PTPRD's distinct tumor-suppressor versus neural-developmental functions remain unresolved.
  • No unifying structural model of receptor activation/inactivation
  • Cell-type-specific substrate repertoire incompletely mapped
  • Mechanism switching PTPRD between adhesion and phosphatase outputs unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 5 GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 2 GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2
Partners
DSPGSK3BPDGFRBSTAT3

Evidence

Reading pass · 27 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2009 PTPRD directly dephosphorylates the oncoprotein STAT3; wild-type PTPRD inhibits growth of GBM tumor cells, an effect abolished by cancer-specific PTPRD mutations. Phosphatase assay (dephosphorylation of STAT3), cell growth inhibition assays with wild-type vs. mutant PTPRD reconstitution Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 19478061
2014 Loss of PTPRD phosphatase activity leads to phospho-STAT3 accumulation and constitutive activation of STAT3-driven genetic programs in gliomas; heterozygous Ptprd loss cooperates with p16/CDKN2A deletion to drive gliomagenesis in mice, demonstrating a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor role. Mouse glioma model (heterozygous Ptprd KO combined with p16 deletion), immunoblotting for phospho-STAT3, genomic analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 24843164
2014 Co-deletion of Ptprd and Cdkn2a cooperates to accelerate tumorigenesis in mice; heterozygous loss of Ptprd was sufficient, indicating haploinsufficiency. Mouse genetic model (Ptprd/Cdkn2a double knockout), tumor incidence and spectrum analysis Oncotarget High 25138050
2014 Using a substrate-trap approach and mass spectrometry followed by co-immunoprecipitation, desmoplakin (a desmosomal cell-cell adhesion protein) was identified as a novel PTPRD substrate; cancer-associated mutant PTPRD alleles showed reduced phosphatase activity against desmoplakin. Substrate-trap mutagenesis, mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, phosphatase activity assay Human mutation High 25113440
1994 The intracellular domain of PTPRD (referred to as HPTP beta) exhibits intrinsic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity with defined kinetic parameters (kcat 76–258 s⁻¹); activity is inhibited by vanadate, molybdate, heparin, poly(Glu,Tyr), and zinc ions; substrate preference was srcTyr-527 > PDGF-R > ERK1 >> CSF-1R. Bacterial expression and purification of intracellular domain; Malachite Green phosphatase assay with synthetic phosphopeptide substrates The Biochemical journal High 8135747
1992 The intracellular (cytoplasmic) domain of HPTP beta (PTPRD) expressed in bacteria is enzymatically active as a protein tyrosine phosphatase; the juxta-membrane segment (residues 1622–1639) functions as a negative regulatory sequence—its deletion increases activity ~5-fold; residues 1684–1690 define the N-terminal border of the catalytic domain; loss of N-terminal sequence beyond residue 1690 abolishes activity. Bacterial expression, truncation/deletion mutagenesis, PTPase activity assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 1322915
1993 PTPRD (MPTP delta / HPTP delta) is expressed as multiple splice isoforms differing in extracellular domain composition (1 vs. 3 Ig-like domains; 4 vs. 8 FN-III-like domains) and produces a ~210 kDa protein detected in brain and kidney; expression is enriched in hippocampus, thalamic reticular nucleus, and piriform cortex, and in pre-B cell lines. cDNA cloning, Northern blot, antibody immunoprecipitation, in situ hybridization Molecular and cellular biology Medium 8355697
1993 The chromosomal locus for HPTP delta (PTPRD) maps to human chromosome 9p24, established by fluorescence in situ hybridization and human-mouse hybrid cell lines. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), somatic cell hybrid panel Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann Medium 8294211
2011 PTPRD suppresses colon cancer cell migration and is required for appropriate cell-cell adhesion; PTPRD regulates cell migration in cooperation with β-catenin/TCF signaling and its downstream target CD44. Cell migration assays, cell-cell adhesion assays, knockdown/overexpression, reporter assays for β-catenin/TCF Experimental and therapeutic medicine Medium 22977525
2019 Loss of PTPRD in gastric cancer cells upregulates CXCL8 expression through both ERK and STAT3 signaling, leading to increased angiogenesis and metastasis; specific ERK or STAT3 inhibitors abrogate PTPRD-loss-induced angiogenesis. Microarray analysis, stable PTPRD knockdown cell lines, ELISA, in vitro HUVEC tube formation assay, pharmacological inhibitors Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR Medium 31805999
2015 PTPRD loss-of-function mutations (but not methylation or copy number loss) lead to increased STAT3 phosphorylation in HNSCC; overexpression of wild-type PTPRD inhibits growth and STAT3 activation, while PTPRD mutants do not; HNSCC cells with endogenous PTPRD mutations are more sensitive to STAT3 blockade. Transfection of wild-type vs. mutant PTPRD, MTT growth assays, immunoblotting for phospho-STAT3, methylation-specific PCR PloS one Medium 26267899
2015 PTPRD knockdown using shRNA in HepG2 cells results in downregulation of the insulin receptor, and overexpression of the insulin receptor PPARγ2 induces overexpression of PTPRD; PTPRD silencing in T2D is caused by DNMT1-mediated promoter DNA methylation. shRNA knockdown, overexpression, RT-PCR, bisulfite sequencing, DNMT1 inhibition Oncotarget Medium 26079428
2022 PTPRD knockdown in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) promotes cell migration through the PDGFRB/PLCγ1 signaling pathway; PTPRD is silenced in PASMCs by DNMT1-mediated promoter methylation upon PDGF-BB stimulation; heterozygous PTPRD KO rats show exacerbated pulmonary arterial remodeling under hypoxia with higher PLCγ1 activity. PTPRD knockdown, cell migration assays, western blotting, DNMT1 inhibition, PTPRD KO rat model under hypoxic conditions Journal of hypertension Medium 35848503
2023 Ectodomain antibody RD-43 binds to endogenous PTPRD in a metastatic breast cancer cell line and induces PTPRD dimerization, which inhibits phosphatase activity; the mAb-PTPRD dimer complex is degraded via lysosomal and proteasomal pathways independently of secretase cleavage; RD-43 treatment inhibits SRC signaling and suppresses PTPRD-dependent cell invasion. Monoclonal antibody generation, co-immunoprecipitation, chemically-induced dimerization, phosphatase activity assays, degradation pathway analysis (lysosomal/proteasomal inhibitors), cell invasion assays Genes & development High 37669874
2022 Quercetin and other flavonols (but not closely related flavones) act as substrate-selective positive allosteric modulators of PTPRD's phosphatase, enhancing dephosphorylation of candidate brain substrates including GSK3β and GSK3α; candidate brain phosphotyrosine protein (PTPP) substrates for PTPRD were identified based on increased phosphorylation in knockout vs. wildtype animals and brisk dephosphorylation by recombinant PTPRD. Recombinant PTPRD phosphatase assay, phosphoproteomic comparison of KO vs. WT brain, allosteric modulation screening Biochemical pharmacology Medium 35636503
2018 7-Butoxy illudalic acid analog (7-BIA) was identified as a small molecule that targets PTPRD and inhibits its phosphatase activity with some selectivity; reduced expression of PTPRD (heterozygous KO) robustly reduces cocaine self-administration in mice; 7-BIA reduced cocaine-conditioned place preference and cocaine self-administration in WT but not PTPRD heterozygous KO mice. Phosphatase inhibition assay (in vitro), heterozygous PTPRD KO mice, cocaine self-administration and conditioned place-preference behavioral paradigms Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 30348770
2024 Loss of PTPRD (Ptprd+/- or Ptprd-/- mice) increases excitatory cortical neuron number and impairs both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex; this results from hyper-activation of pro-neurogenic receptors TrkB and PDGFRβ in neural precursor cells; adult mice display autistic-like behaviors. Constitutive PTPRD knockout mouse model, immunohistochemistry, electrophysiology (synaptic transmission), behavioral assays Biological research Medium 38890753
2024 Conditional knockout of PTPRD in telencephalon reduces glial precursors, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes; this decrease in gliogenesis results from reduced radial glia at gliogenesis onset and lower gliogenic potential due to decreased JAK/STAT pathway activation and reduced expression of gliogenic genes. Conditional knockout mouse model (telencephalon-specific), immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, gene expression analysis Frontiers in cell and developmental biology Medium 38487272
2020 PTPRD overexpression in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes inhibits adipogenesis; PTPRD is hypomethylated in first-degree relatives of T2D subjects and correspondingly upregulated in pre-adipocytes, linking PTPRD level to restricted adipogenesis. PTPRD overexpression in 3T3-L1 cells (adipogenesis assay), MeDIP-Seq, bisulfite sequencing Epigenomics Medium 32483983
2020 PTPRD overexpression in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells suppresses PD-L1 expression by downregulating STAT3 and phospho-STAT3; PTPRD knockdown promotes PD-L1 expression and increases STAT3/phospho-STAT3 levels. Transfection (overexpression and knockdown), western blotting for STAT3/p-STAT3/PD-L1, RT-PCR Translational cancer research Medium 35117921
2015 Loss-of-function mutations in PTPRD in melanoma are associated with enhanced cell migration (gain-of-function phenotype); mutant PTPRD cells are significantly more migratory than WT-PTPRD or vector-only cells. Overexpression of WT vs. somatic mutant PTPRD alleles, migration assays Human mutation Medium 25113440
2025 NSUN2 methyltransferase stabilizes PTPRD mRNA via m5C methylation; in a traumatic brain injury model, NSUN2 promotes A1 (pro-inflammatory) astrocyte activation through PTPRD, and PTPRD overexpression reverses the inhibitory effects of NSUN2 knockdown on A1 phenotype activation. RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA stability assays, m5C methylation detection, NSUN2 knockdown and PTPRD overexpression mouse models, flow cytometry Brain research Medium 40544933
2015 PTPRD is expressed in miR-516a-3p-targeted cells; luciferase reporter assay confirmed PTPRD 3'UTR as a direct target of miR-516a-3p; miR-516a-3p knockdown phenocopies PTPRD upregulation (reduced proliferation, invasion, migration; increased apoptosis) in lung adenocarcinoma. Dual luciferase reporter assay, RT-PCR, western blot, functional cell assays (migration, invasion, proliferation, apoptosis) International journal of clinical and experimental pathology Low 31933822
2015 MiR-324-5p targets PTPRD directly (luciferase reporter assay); PTPRD negatively regulates CEBPD; loss of PTPRD (via miR-324-5p) promotes VEGF and IL-4/IL-13 secretion, HUVEC invasion/migration, and macrophage M2 polarization. Luciferase reporter assay, lentiviral overexpression/knockdown, gene manipulation, cytokine ELISA, co-culture invasion assay Cancer biology & therapy Low 32151175
2022 PTPRD was identified as a novel substrate candidate for the protease BACE1; Western blot validation in human brain tissue samples confirmed differential expression of PTPRD protein in Alzheimer's disease consistent with BACE1 cleavage. Computational analysis of BACE1-dependent proteins, Western blot validation International journal of molecular sciences Low 35562959
2015 PTPRD knockout mice display reduced behaviorally defined sleep at the end of their active periods; heterozygous knockouts display increased locomotion and shifted dose-response for cocaine reward (greater preference at 5 mg/kg, less at 10–20 mg/kg cocaine). Hetero- and homozygous PTPRD knockout mice, behavioral phenotyping (sleep, locomotion, cocaine conditioned place preference) Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) Medium 26181631
2023 Ptprd knockout mice display impaired nest-building (goal-directed behavior) and female-specific deficits in prepulse inhibition (sensorimotor gating); no effect on anxiety or open-field measures. Constitutive Ptprd KO mice, behavioral battery (nest building, prepulse inhibition, open field, dig test, splash test) PloS one Medium 37205689

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2009 The tyrosine phosphatase PTPRD is a tumor suppressor that is frequently inactivated and mutated in glioblastoma and other human cancers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 237 19478061
2008 PTPRD (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type delta) is associated with restless legs syndrome. Nature genetics 195 18660810
1994 Characterization and kinetic analysis of the intracellular domain of human protein tyrosine phosphatase beta (HPTP beta) using synthetic phosphopeptides. The Biochemical journal 192 8135747
1991 The receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase HPTP alpha has two active catalytic domains with distinct substrate specificities. The EMBO journal 127 1915292
2012 A sensitive H2O2 assay based on dumbbell-like PtPd-Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 122 23060096
2008 Mutational inactivation of PTPRD in glioblastoma multiforme and malignant melanoma. Cancer research 109 19074898
2006 High-resolution analysis of chromosomal breakpoints and genomic instability identifies PTPRD as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in neuroblastoma. Cancer research 107 16585193
1993 MPTP delta, a putative murine homolog of HPTP delta, is expressed in specialized regions of the brain and in the B-cell lineage. Molecular and cellular biology 83 8355697
2014 Loss of the tyrosine phosphatase PTPRD leads to aberrant STAT3 activation and promotes gliomagenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 80 24843164
2019 PTPRD: neurobiology, genetics, and initial pharmacology of a pleiotropic contributor to brain phenotypes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 77 30648269
2010 A catalog of genes homozygously deleted in human lung cancer and the candidacy of PTPRD as a tumor suppressor gene. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 75 20073072
1993 Substrate specificities of catalytic fragments of protein tyrosine phosphatases (HPTP beta, LAR, and CD45) toward phosphotyrosylpeptide substrates and thiophosphotyrosylated peptides as inhibitors. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 72 8318901
2019 PTPD: predicting therapeutic peptides by deep learning and word2vec. BMC bioinformatics 70 31492094
2018 Ultrathin PtPd-Based Nanorings with Abundant Step Atoms Enhance Oxygen Catalysis. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 62 30080292
1994 Molecular cloning, characterization, and chromosomal localization of a novel protein-tyrosine phosphatase, HPTP eta. Blood 60 7994032
2010 High resolution ArrayCGH and expression profiling identifies PTPRD and PCDH17/PCH68 as tumor suppressor gene candidates in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 58 21213369
2015 Loss-of-Function PTPRD Mutations Lead to Increased STAT3 Activation and Sensitivity to STAT3 Inhibition in Head and Neck Cancer. PloS one 51 26267899
2011 Fabrication and application of amperometric glucose biosensor based on a novel PtPd bimetallic nanoparticle decorated multi-walled carbon nanotube catalyst. Biosensors & bioelectronics 51 22277115
2023 A novel CRISPR/Cas14a-based electrochemical biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei with PtPd@PCN-224 nanoenzymes for signal amplification. Biosensors & bioelectronics 49 36701949
2015 Mouse Model for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase D (PTPRD) Associations with Restless Leg Syndrome or Willis-Ekbom Disease and Addiction: Reduced Expression Alters Locomotion, Sleep Behaviors and Cocaine-Conditioned Place Preference. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 49 26181631
2015 Colorimetric detection of the flux of hydrogen peroxide released from living cells based on the high peroxidase-like catalytic performance of porous PtPd nanorods. Biosensors & bioelectronics 48 25982545
2011 Tyrosine phosphatase PTPRD suppresses colon cancer cell migration in coordination with CD44. Experimental and therapeutic medicine 43 22977525
2011 Family-based and population-based association studies validate PTPRD as a risk factor for restless legs syndrome. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 42 21264940
2019 PTPRD-inactivation-induced CXCL8 promotes angiogenesis and metastasis in gastric cancer and is inhibited by metformin. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 41 31805999
2018 Cocaine reward is reduced by decreased expression of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase D (PTPRD) and by a novel PTPRD antagonist. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 41 30348770
2012 PPAR-γ2 and PTPRD gene polymorphisms influence type 2 diabetes patients' response to pioglitazone in China. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 41 23147557
1992 Purification and characterization of the catalytic domains of the human receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatases HPTP beta, leukocyte common antigen (LCA), and leukocyte common antigen-related molecule (LAR). The Journal of biological chemistry 39 1318316
2015 Evidence that homozygous PTPRD gene microdeletion causes trigonocephaly, hearing loss, and intellectual disability. Molecular cytogenetics 37 26082802
2015 Ultrasensitive strategy based on PtPd nanodendrite/nano-flower-like@GO signal amplification for the detection of long non-coding RNA. Biosensors & bioelectronics 35 26143461
2018 PTPRT and PTPRD Deleterious Mutations and Deletion Predict Bevacizumab Resistance in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cancers 33 30200630
2015 PTPRD gene associated with blood pressure response to atenolol and resistant hypertension. Journal of hypertension 33 26425837
2022 Oxygen Free Radical Scavenger PtPd@PDA as a Dual-Mode Quencher of Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor for the Detection of AFB1. Analytical chemistry 31 35950288
2014 Mutational and functional analysis of the tumor-suppressor PTPRD in human melanoma. Human mutation 29 25113440
2014 Growth of Pt-Pd Nanoparticles Studied In Situ by HRTEM in a Liquid Cell. The journal of physical chemistry letters 29 26270503
2013 Germline PTPRD mutations in Ewing sarcoma: biologic and clinical implications. Oncotarget 28 23800680
2013 Electrochemistry of cholesterol biosensor based on a novel Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticle decorated graphene catalyst. Talanta 27 23618155
2012 Nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on novel Pt-Pd nanoflakes. Talanta 27 22967664
2001 Size-selective electrochemical preparation of surfactant-stabilized Pd-, Ni- and Pt/Pd colloids. Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 27 11303867
1992 Expression and characterization of wild type, truncated, and mutant forms of the intracellular region of the receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase HPTP beta. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 1322915
2015 PTPRD silencing by DNA hypermethylation decreases insulin receptor signaling and leads to type 2 diabetes. Oncotarget 26 26079428
2020 Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D (PTPRD)-mediated signaling pathways for the potential treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a narrative review. Annals of translational medicine 24 33241041
2021 Association of PTPRD/PTPRT Mutation With Better Clinical Outcomes in NSCLC Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Blockades. Frontiers in oncology 22 34123798
1997 Metabolism of haloperidol to pyridinium species in patients receiving high doses intravenously: is HPTP an intermediate? Life sciences 22 9399630
2022 Real-time COVID-19 detection via graphite oxide-based field-effect transistor biosensors decorated with Pt/Pd nanoparticles. Scientific reports 21 36307495
2015 L-cysteine induced hemin/G-quadruplex concatemers electrocatalytic amplification with Pt-Pd supported on fullerene as a nanocarrier for sensing the spore wall protein of Nosema bombycis. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 21 25473932
2015 Anamperometric superoxide anion radicalbiosensor based on SOD/PtPd-PDARGO modified electrode. Talanta 21 25770601
2011 Synthesis of bimetallic Pt-Pd core-shell nanocrystals and their high electrocatalytic activity modulated by Pd shell thickness. Nanoscale 21 22159178
2024 Bimetallic PtPd Atomic Clusters as Apoptosis/Ferroptosis Inducers for Antineoplastic Therapy through Heterogeneous Catalytic Processes. ACS nano 20 38456744
2014 Deletion of Ptprd and Cdkn2a cooperate to accelerate tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 20 25138050
2008 Aberrant splicing of the PTPRD gene mimics microdeletions identified at this locus in neuroblastomas. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 20 18050303
2023 Hollow SnO2/CdS QDs/CdCO3 heterostructured nanocubes coupled with hollow PtPd/MnCo-CeO2 nanozyme-mediated synergistic amplification for ultrasensitive PEC immunoanalysis of lung cancer biomarker. Biosensors & bioelectronics 18 37209517
2020 MiR-324-5p/PTPRD/CEBPD axis promotes papillary thyroid carcinoma progression via microenvironment alteration. Cancer biology & therapy 18 32151175
2020 Altered PTPRD DNA methylation associates with restricted adipogenesis in healthy first-degree relatives of Type 2 diabetes subjects. Epigenomics 17 32483983
2024 Pt/Pd dual-modified porphyrin metal-organic frameworks for NIR-II photothermal-enhanced photodynamic/catalytic therapy. Journal of colloid and interface science 15 39180847
2018 Synthesis of Pt-Pd Bimetallic Porous Nanostructures as Electrocatalysts for the Methanol Oxidation Reaction. Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) 15 29601490
2014 Facile synthesis of Pt/Pd nanodendrites for the direct oxidation of methanol. Nanotechnology 15 24762712
2014 A pseudo triple-enzyme electrochemical aptasensor based on the amplification of Pt-Pd nanowires and hemin/G-quadruplex. Analytica chimica acta 15 24928244
2022 Methylation-mediated silencing of PTPRD induces pulmonary hypertension by promoting pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell migration via the PDGFRB/PLCγ1 axis. Journal of hypertension 14 35848503
2022 PTPRD/PTPRT mutation as a predictive biomarker of immune checkpoint inhibitors across multiple cancer types. Frontiers in immunology 14 36248841
2021 Exonuclease III-Driven Dual-Amplified Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on PDDA-Gr/PtPd@Ni-Co Hollow Nanoboxes for Chloramphenicol Detection. ACS applied materials & interfaces 14 34038999
2024 Boosting Formate Electrooxidation by Heterostructured PtPd Alloy and Oxides Nanowires. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 13 38625813
2022 PTPRD and CNTNAP2 as markers of tumor aggressiveness in oligodendrogliomas. Scientific reports 13 35982066
2022 Direct Imaging of the Atomic Mechanisms Governing the Growth and Shape of Bimetallic Pt-Pd Nanocrystals by In Situ Liquid Cell STEM. ACS nano 13 36036793
2020 The long noncoding RNA Ptprd-IR is a novel molecular target for TGF-β1-mediated nephritis. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 13 32173520
2018 Genetic validation study of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D (PTPRD) gene variants and risk for antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 13 30229349
2017 Recurrent epigenetic silencing of the PTPRD tumor suppressor in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 13 28345455
2015 PTPRD is homozygously deleted and epigenetically downregulated in human hepatocellular carcinomas. Omics : a journal of integrative biology 13 25831062
1997 Functional characterization of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase CD148 (HPTP eta/DEP-1) in Fc gamma receptor IIa signal transduction of human neutrophils. European journal of immunology 13 9464844
2024 A bifunctional MXene@PtPd NPs cascade DNAzyme-mediated fluorescence/colorimetric dual-mode biosensor for Pb2+ determination. Food chemistry 12 39504898
2011 In search of patterns over physicochemical properties and pharmacological activities for a set of [MCl₂(thiosemicarbazone)] complexes (M=Pt/Pd): support for multiple mechanisms of antichagasic action excluding DNA-bonding in vivo? European journal of medicinal chemistry 12 21550147
2022 PTPRD and DCC Are Novel BACE1 Substrates Differentially Expressed in Alzheimer's Disease: A Data Mining and Bioinformatics Study. International journal of molecular sciences 11 35562959
2020 Binary nonmetal S and P-co-doping into mesoporous PtPd nanocages boosts oxygen reduction electrocatalysis. Nanoscale 11 32633743
2016 Genetic variants in PTPRD and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Oncotarget 11 27738328
2024 Loss of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor delta PTPRD increases the number of cortical neurons, impairs synaptic function and induces autistic-like behaviors in adult mice. Biological research 10 38890753
2023 Mice lacking Ptprd exhibit deficits in goal-directed behavior and female-specific impairments in sensorimotor gating. PloS one 10 37205689
2022 Substrate-selective positive allosteric modulation of PTPRD's phosphatase by flavonols. Biochemical pharmacology 10 35636503
2022 A sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for CYFRA 21-1 based on probe-confined in PtPd/polydopamine/hollow carbon spheres coupled with dendritic Au@Rh nanocrystals. Mikrochimica acta 10 35789294
2013 Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles dispersed in an ionic liquid and peroxidase immobilized on nanoclay applied in the development of a biosensor. The Analyst 9 23799234
2024 Enhanced peroxidase-like activity of Cu-Cu2O composite film through PtPd immobilization for colorimetric glucose detection. Talanta 8 38521022
2023 Manipulating PTPRD function with ectodomain antibodies. Genes & development 8 37669874
2019 miR-516a-3p promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibits apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma by targeting PTPRD. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 8 31933822
2024 Neural conditional ablation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor Delta PTPRD impairs gliogenesis in the developing mouse brain cortex. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 7 38487272
2024 A fluorescence-electrochemical dual-mode aptasensor based on novel DNA-dependent PBNFs@PtPd for highly selective and sensitive detection of procymidone through hybridization chain reaction. The Science of the total environment 7 38631626
2022 Effect of dietary calcium on the gender-specific association between polymorphisms in the PTPRD locus and osteoporosis. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 7 35151124
2020 Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type delta (PTPRD) suppresses the expression of PD-L1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma by down-regulating STAT3. Translational cancer research 7 35117921
2012 Functional analysis of the putative tumor suppressor PTPRD in neuroblastoma cells. Cancer investigation 7 22571343
2012 Replication study for the association of rs391300 in SRR and rs17584499 in PTPRD with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in a Japanese population. Journal of diabetes investigation 7 24843648
2010 Performance of PtPd electrocatalysts in direct methanol fuel cell. Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology 7 20359018
1996 Dopamine receptor binding of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)- 4-oxobutyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (HPTP), an intermediate metabolite of haloperidol. Life sciences 7 8761315
2025 NSUN2 enhances the stability of PTPRD mRNA via m5C methylation to aggravate astrocyte activation. Brain research 5 40544933
2023 Effectiveness of exercise and pramipexole in the treatment of restless leg syndrome: Implications on the dopaminergic system and PTPRD. Sleep medicine 5 37633178
2021 Development of an electrochemical enzyme-free glucose sensor based on self-assembled Pt-Pd bimetallic nanosuperlattices. The Analyst 5 33016273
2021 DIAPH2, PTPRD and HIC1 Gene Polymorphisms and Laryngeal Cancer Risk. International journal of environmental research and public health 5 34299935
2021 Structure-activity studies of PTPRD phosphatase inhibitors identify a 7-cyclopentymethoxy illudalic acid analog candidate for development. Biochemical pharmacology 5 34863978
2016 Catalytic Intervention of MoO3 toward Ethanol Oxidation on PtPd Nanoparticles Decorated MoO3-Polypyrrole Composite Support. ACS applied materials & interfaces 5 27649283
1999 Transcriptional regulation of a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase gene hPTP-J by PKC-mediated signaling pathways in Jurkat and Molt-4 T lymphoma cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta 5 10395944
1996 Long-term treatment with the tetrahydropyridine analog (HPTP) of haloperidol influences dopamine ligand binding in baboon brain. An [123I]iodobenzamide (IBZM) SPECT study. Brain research. Molecular brain research 4 9037540
1993 Chromosomal assignment of the gene for protein tyrosine phosphatase HPTP delta. Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann 4 8294211
2022 Hierarchical Porous Carbon-PtPd Catalysts and Their Activity toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS omega 3 35755396
2020 PTPRD as a candidate druggable target for therapies for restless legs syndrome? Journal of sleep research 3 33111449

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