Affinage

PTPRC

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C · UniProt P08575

Round 2 corrected
Length
1306 aa
Mass
147.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus 23 papers cited in narrative 23 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PTPRC (CD45) is a hematopoietic-restricted transmembrane receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase that serves as a master regulator of lymphocyte antigen receptor and cytokine receptor signaling. Its extracellular domain undergoes cell-type-specific alternative splicing of three exons to generate multiple isoforms differing in O-glycosylated inserts, while its conserved cytoplasmic region contains tandem phosphatase-homology domains of which the membrane-proximal domain is catalytically active via a critical cysteine and the distal domain modulates substrate specificity (PMID:2956090, PMID:1695146). CD45 dephosphorylates Src-family kinases (e.g., Lck) to regulate T cell receptor signaling and directly dephosphorylates JAK1–3 and TYK2 to negatively regulate cytokine and interferon responses; its large, rigid extracellular domain is sterically excluded from TCR–ligand close contacts, creating local kinase/phosphatase segregation that initiates TCR triggering (PMID:11201744, PMID:26998761). Loss-of-function mutations in PTPRC cause severe combined immunodeficiency in humans, and coding polymorphisms that alter exon splicing are associated with aberrant isoform expression and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (PMID:10700239, PMID:11101853).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1985 High

    Establishing that CD45 is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein with a large (~700 aa) cytoplasmic domain containing an internal tandem duplication resolved a longstanding question about the structural architecture of the leukocyte common antigen.

    Evidence cDNA cloning and peptide sequence analysis from mouse spleen

    PMID:3158393

    Open questions at the time
    • No enzymatic function yet demonstrated
    • Role of duplicated cytoplasmic domains unknown
  2. 1987 High

    Demonstrating that at least five CD45 mRNA species arise from differential usage of three alternatively spliced exons encoding O-glycosylated extracellular inserts explained the long-observed heterogeneity of CD45 isoforms across leukocyte lineages.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, genomic intron-exon analysis, and Northern blotting with exon-specific probes in human and mouse hematopoietic cells

    PMID:2824653 PMID:2955416 PMID:2956090

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional significance of individual isoforms unresolved
    • Splicing regulatory mechanism unknown
  3. 1988 High

    Identification of intrinsic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity in purified CD45, combined with sequence homology to PTP1B, established CD45 as the first receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase and provided a biochemical function for the cytoplasmic domain.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation of PTPase activity with anti-CD45 mAb, enzymatic assays on affinity-purified CD45, and sequence homology analysis

    PMID:2845400 PMID:2853967

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological substrates not yet identified
    • Relative roles of the two phosphatase domains unresolved
  4. 1989 High

    Loss-of-function analysis using CD45-negative T cell clones and a CD45-positive revertant demonstrated that CD45 phosphatase activity is required for antigen- and CD3-induced T cell activation, while IL-2 responsiveness is CD45-independent.

    Evidence Mutagenized T cell clones, proliferation assays with antigen and anti-CD3, revertant rescue

    PMID:2550143

    Open questions at the time
    • Proximal signaling substrate(s) in TCR pathway not identified
    • Role in B cell receptor signaling not yet tested
  5. 1990 High

    Dissection of the tandem phosphatase domains showed that only the membrane-proximal (D1) domain has catalytic PTPase activity, dependent on a critical cysteine, while the membrane-distal (D2) domain influences substrate specificity, resolving the functional division of labor within the cytoplasmic region.

    Evidence Deletion and point mutagenesis of CD45 cytoplasmic domains expressed in cells, in vitro PTPase assays

    PMID:1695146

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of D2 modulation of substrate specificity unknown
    • No crystal structure of cytoplasmic domains
  6. 1990 Medium

    Physical association of CD45 with CD2 on T lymphocytes, demonstrated by both co-immunoprecipitation and chemical cross-linking, revealed that CD45 operates within surface signaling complexes rather than as an isolated enzyme.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation from thymocytes/splenocytes and chemical cross-linking on human T cells, co-mitogenesis assays

    PMID:1970422 PMID:1980615

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding interface not mapped
    • Stoichiometry and dynamics of the CD45–CD2 complex in situ unknown
  7. 1991 High

    Co-precipitation of CD45 with membrane IgM-associated proteins and dependence of mIgM-induced calcium mobilization on CD45 surface expression extended the functional requirement for CD45 beyond T cells to B cell antigen receptor signaling.

    Evidence Co-IP, surface modulation, calcium mobilization, and in vitro dephosphorylation in B cell lines

    PMID:1648262

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific BCR-proximal substrate of CD45 not identified
    • Relative contributions of CD45 vs. SHP-1 to BCR inhibition unclear
  8. 1992 High

    Demonstration that fodrin/spectrin binds CD45 with nanomolar affinity and stimulates its PTPase activity 7.5-fold established a mechanism by which the cortical cytoskeleton directly regulates CD45 enzymatic output.

    Evidence In vitro binding assays with purified proteins, Kd measurement (~1.1 nM), enzyme kinetic analysis (Vmax increase)

    PMID:1400466

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of cytoskeletal activation of CD45 not confirmed
    • Binding site on CD45 not mapped
  9. 2000 High

    Identification of compound loss-of-function PTPRC mutations causing severe combined immunodeficiency in a human patient proved that CD45 is non-redundant for human T and B lymphocyte development and function.

    Evidence Genetic sequencing of patient alleles (large deletion and splice-site mutation), immunological phenotyping

    PMID:10700239

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise stage of thymic developmental block in humans not defined
    • Whether partial CD45 function produces milder immunodeficiency unknown
  10. 2000 Medium

    A coding polymorphism in PTPRC exon 4 that disrupts alternative splicing and alters isoform expression on T cells was associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis, linking CD45 isoform regulation to autoimmune disease risk.

    Evidence Genetic association in multiple case-control and family cohorts, splicing analysis

    PMID:11101853

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal mechanism by which altered isoform ratio promotes autoimmunity not established
    • Association not replicated uniformly across all populations
  11. 2001 High

    CD45 knockout mice revealed that CD45 functions as a direct JAK phosphatase, negatively regulating JAK/STAT-mediated cytokine and interferon signaling, expanding the substrate repertoire of CD45 beyond Src-family kinases.

    Evidence cd45-/- mice, in vitro dephosphorylation of JAK1/2/3 and TYK2 with purified proteins, cytokine signaling and antiviral response assays

    PMID:11201744

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CD45 targets individual JAKs with differential selectivity in specific cell types unclear
    • No structural basis for JAK recognition
  12. 2016 High

    Crystal structure of the CD45 extracellular domain revealed a rigid rod-like architecture taller than TCR–pMHC complexes, providing the structural basis for the kinetic segregation model in which CD45 is sterically excluded from close contacts to initiate TCR signaling.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of CD45 ectodomain, biophysical measurements, TIRF microscopy of close contacts on supported lipid bilayers, signaling assays

    PMID:26998761

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether isoform-specific ectodomain lengths tune the segregation threshold is untested
    • In vivo measurement of CD45 exclusion dynamics at immunological synapses limited
  13. 2021 High

    Dissecting CD45 and SHP-1 contributions to CD22-mediated BCR inhibition showed that CD45 is required for CD22-dependent suppression of BCR signaling but that SHP-1, not CD45, mediates ligand-dependent CD22 dephosphorylation, refining the signaling hierarchy downstream of CD22.

    Evidence CD45 KO and SHP-1 loss-of-function mouse B cells, BCR signaling and CD22 phosphorylation assays

    PMID:33990399

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct substrate relationship between CD45 and CD22 not established
    • Whether CD45 acts upstream of SHP-1 recruitment to CD22 is unresolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key open questions include the structural basis by which the catalytically inactive D2 domain modulates substrate specificity, how isoform-specific ectodomain lengths differentially tune signaling thresholds in vivo, and the in vivo relevance of cytoskeletal (fodrin/spectrin) regulation of CD45 phosphatase activity.
  • No co-crystal structure of D1–D2 with a physiological substrate
  • Isoform-specific knock-in models with defined signaling readouts lacking
  • Fodrin–CD45 interaction not validated in vivo

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 5 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 6 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 2 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 1
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 6 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4
Partners
CD2DPP4JAK1JAK2JAK3LCKSPTAN1TYK2

Evidence

Reading pass · 23 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1985 The leukocyte-common antigen (T200/L-CA) spans the lipid bilayer with an extracellular N-terminal domain and a large cytoplasmic domain of ~80,000 Mr (~700 amino acids), with an internal homology between two halves of the cytoplasmic domain, as determined from cDNA clones. cDNA cloning and peptide sequence analysis Cell High 3158393
1987 Human T200/CD45 exists in at least three structural variants generated by cell-type-specific alternative splicing of exons encoding serine/threonine-rich O-glycosylated inserts in the extracellular domain; the cytoplasmic domain of 707 amino acids is shared by all variants. cDNA cloning and characterization of genomic intron-exon structure The EMBO journal High 2956090
1987 Mouse T200 (CD45) B-cell isoform (B220) contains a 139-amino-acid insert in the amino-terminal region relative to the T-cell form, generated by alternative mRNA splicing, as shown by cDNA sequencing and RNA blotting. cDNA sequencing, RNA blot analysis, genomic clone analysis of intron-exon structure Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 2955416
1987 Differential usage of three exons generates at least five different mRNAs encoding human leukocyte common antigens (CD45), providing the molecular basis for the isoform diversity observed across hematopoietic cell types. cDNA cloning, genomic DNA analysis, Northern blot with exon-specific probes The Journal of experimental medicine High 2824653
1988 CD45 (leukocyte common antigen) possesses intrinsic protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity, demonstrated by co-precipitation of PTPase activity with anti-CD45 antibody from spleen extracts and enzymatic activity in a highly purified CD45 preparation. Immunoprecipitation of PTPase activity with mAb 9.4, affinity-purified CD45 enzymatic assay, sucrose density gradient co-sedimentation Biochemistry High 2853967
1988 Sequence homology between PTPase 1B and the tandem cytoplasmic domains of CD45 established that CD45 is a putative receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatase, predicting its enzymatic function before biochemical confirmation. Amino acid sequence analysis and homology comparison Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 2845400
1989 CD45 (L-CA) is required for antigen-induced T cell proliferation; T cell clones lacking L-CA failed to proliferate in response to antigen or cross-linked CD3, but retained IL-2 responsiveness; an L-CA+ revertant restored antigen-induced proliferation. Generation of L-CA-negative T cell clones by mutagenesis, functional proliferation assays, revertant analysis Cell High 2550143
1990 The first of the two intracellular phosphatase-like domains of CD45 (LCA) has catalytic PTPase activity, requiring a critical cysteine residue; the second domain lacks detectable catalytic activity but influences substrate specificity. Deletion and point mutations in cytoplasmic domains of LCA expressed in cells, in vitro PTPase assays The EMBO journal High 1695146
1990 CD45 (T200) is physically associated with CD2 on the surface of mouse T lymphocytes, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation with anti-CD2 antibody from thymocyte, splenocyte, and T-cell tumor lysates; the complex is non-covalent and disrupted by high salt or SDS. Co-immunoprecipitation, biochemical fractionation (Triton X-114), modulation experiments International immunology Medium 1980615
1990 CD45 is physically associated with CD2 on the surface of human T lymphocytes, demonstrated by chemical cross-linking; anti-CD45 antibodies are co-mitogenic with CD2 but not CD3 antibodies, suggesting a functional link between the CD45 phosphatase and CD2-mediated signaling. Chemical cross-linking, co-mitogenesis functional assays Nature Medium 1970422
1991 CD45 co-precipitates with membrane IgM-associated signaling proteins on B cells; antibody-mediated loss of CD45 from the surface correlates with loss of mIgM-induced Ca2+ mobilization; CD45 dephosphorylates mIg-associated proteins, indicating CD45 regulates B cell antigen receptor signal transduction by modulating phosphorylation of receptor subunits. Co-immunoprecipitation, surface modulation experiments, Ca2+ mobilization assays, in vitro dephosphorylation assays Science High 1648262
1991 CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) is co-associated with CD45 on human T lymphocytes; anti-CD26 antibody co-modulates CD45 from the T cell surface and precipitates CD45 from T cell lysates; this association correlates with enhanced CD3ζ tyrosine phosphorylation and increased CD4-associated p56lck activity. Co-immunoprecipitation, surface modulation, kinase activity assays Journal of immunology Medium 1680916
1992 CD45 (GP180) binds directly and specifically to fodrin (spectrin-like cytoskeletal protein) and spectrin in vitro (Kd ~1.1 nM for fodrin), mediated by a 48-kDa phosphopeptide of CD45; binding of fodrin/spectrin to CD45 stimulates its PTPase activity 7.5-fold (Vmax increase) without changing Km, indicating cytoskeletal proteins regulate CD45 PTPase activity. In vitro binding assays, co-isolation biochemistry, enzyme kinetic analysis with purified proteins The Journal of biological chemistry High 1400466
1999 Galectin-1 binds to CD45 on human T cells and induces its redistribution into segregated membrane microdomains that colocalize with CD3 and externalized phosphatidylserine on apoptotic blebs, indicating that spatial redistribution of CD45 is required for galectin-1-induced apoptosis. Immunofluorescence microscopy, cell surface glycoprotein binding assays, apoptosis assays on T cell lines and human thymocytes Journal of immunology Medium 10490978
2000 CD45 deficiency in a human patient (due to a large deletion at one allele and a splice-site point mutation at the other) results in severe combined immunodeficiency with markedly diminished peripheral T lymphocytes unresponsive to mitogens, demonstrating that CD45 is essential for human T and B lymphocyte function. Genetic analysis (sequencing), immunological phenotyping of patient cells Nature medicine High 10700239
2000 A point mutation in PTPRC exon 4 interferes with mRNA splicing and results in altered expression of CD45 isoforms on immune cells, associated with development of multiple sclerosis in multiple independent case-control and family studies. Genetic association studies, splicing analysis Nature genetics Medium 11101853
2001 CD45 functions as a JAK phosphatase: targeted disruption of cd45 leads to enhanced JAK and STAT activation by cytokines and interferons; in vitro, CD45 directly dephosphorylates and binds to JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2; CD45 negatively regulates IL-3-mediated proliferation, erythropoietin-dependent haematopoiesis, and antiviral responses. Gene knockout mice, in vitro dephosphorylation assays with purified proteins, cytokine signaling assays, in vivo antiviral experiments Nature High 11201744
2002 A novel point mutation in PTPRC exon 4 (position 59 C→A) causes an amino acid substitution (H→Q) and interferes with alternative splicing, resulting in surface expression of a structurally altered CD45 molecule with aberrant isoform expression on memory T cells and monocytes. DNA sequencing, microsatellite linkage analysis, flow cytometry for isoform expression Immunogenetics Medium 12073144
2003 A polymorphism in exon 6 of PTPRC (A138G), causing a Thr47Ala substitution at a potential O- and N-linked glycosylation site, interferes with alternative splicing, resulting in decreased proportion of T cells expressing CD45 isoforms containing exon A, B, and C, with enrichment of CD45R0+ cells; this variant is present at 23.7% frequency in the Japanese population. Genotyping, flow cytometry for CD45 isoform expression, RT-PCR splicing analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 12716971
2016 The extracellular region of CD45 is structurally rigid and extends beyond the distance spanned by TCR-ligand complexes; sites of TCR-ligand engagement sterically exclude CD45. Spontaneous 'close contacts' between T cells and supported lipid bilayers cause CD45 and kinase segregation at submicron scale, initiating TCR signaling even in the absence of TCR ligands. Crystal structure of CD45 extracellular domain, biophysical measurements, TIRF microscopy of close contacts, signaling assays Nature immunology High 26998761
2021 CD45 plays a crucial role in CD22-mediated inhibition of BCR ligation-induced signaling; however, SHP-1 (PTPN6) rather than CD45 is essential for ligand-mediated regulation of CD22, as disruption of CD22 ligand binding enhanced CD22 phosphorylation in CD45-/- but not SHP-1 loss-of-function mouse B cells; CD22 is identified as a substrate of SHP-1. CD45 knockout mouse B cells, SHP-1 loss-of-function mutant B cells, phosphorylation assays, BCR signaling assays Journal of immunology High 33990399
1985 CD45 (T200/gp180) in mouse T-lymphoma cells is physically linked to the cytoskeletal protein fodrin; the gp180-fodrin complex co-isolates as a 1:1 molar ratio stable complex (sedimentation coefficient ~20S), and fodrin accumulates beneath gp180 patches/caps after ligand-induced receptor rearrangement. Immunobinding assay, Triton X-114 extraction, sucrose gradient centrifugation, double-label immunofluorescence The Journal of cell biology Medium 3874872
1988 T200 (CD45) and Mo1 (CD11b) are stored in tertiary (specific) intracellular granules of resting human neutrophils and translocate to the plasma membrane upon degranulation stimuli (fMLP, calcium ionophore), as demonstrated by fractionation and flow cytometry; at least 50% of total T200 resides intracellularly. Subcellular fractionation, immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled membrane proteins, flow cytometry The Journal of biological chemistry High 2838485

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2004 Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1159 15302935
2003 Genome-wide survey of human alternative pre-mRNA splicing with exon junction microarrays. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1117 14684825
2003 Proteomic and biochemical analyses of human B cell-derived exosomes. Potential implications for their function and multivesicular body formation. The Journal of biological chemistry 708 12519789
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
1981 B220: a B cell-specific member of th T200 glycoprotein family. Nature 639 6970340
1989 Evidence that the leukocyte-common antigen is required for antigen-induced T lymphocyte proliferation. Cell 544 2550143
2001 CD11c(+)B220(+)Gr-1(+) cells in mouse lymph nodes and spleen display characteristics of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The Journal of experimental medicine 509 11602645
1988 The leukocyte common antigen (CD45): a putative receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 501 2845400
2001 CD45 is a JAK phosphatase and negatively regulates cytokine receptor signalling. Nature 427 11201744
2005 Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. Genome research 409 16344560
2010 Genome-wide association study of hematological and biochemical traits in a Japanese population. Nature genetics 406 20139978
2009 Large-scale structural analysis of the classical human protein tyrosine phosphatome. Cell 393 19167335
2006 Human CD4+ CD25hi Foxp3+ regulatory T cells are derived by rapid turnover of memory populations in vivo. The Journal of clinical investigation 392 16955142
1987 Differential usage of three exons generates at least five different mRNAs encoding human leukocyte common antigens. The Journal of experimental medicine 362 2824653
1990 Distinct functional roles of the two intracellular phosphatase like domains of the receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatases LCA and LAR. The EMBO journal 355 1695146
1988 Demonstration that the leukocyte common antigen CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase. Biochemistry 309 2853967
1991 Regulation of B cell antigen receptor signal transduction and phosphorylation by CD45. Science (New York, N.Y.) 301 1648262
1987 Structural variants of human T200 glycoprotein (leukocyte-common antigen). The EMBO journal 291 2956090
2009 Genetic variants at CD28, PRDM1 and CD2/CD58 are associated with rheumatoid arthritis risk. Nature genetics 284 19898481
1999 Restricted receptor segregation into membrane microdomains occurs on human T cells during apoptosis induced by galectin-1. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 273 10490978
2004 Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway. Genome research 247 15231748
1998 Liprins, a family of LAR transmembrane protein-tyrosine phosphatase-interacting proteins. The Journal of biological chemistry 246 9624153
2016 Initiation of T cell signaling by CD45 segregation at 'close contacts'. Nature immunology 227 26998761
2005 Persistence of naive CD45RA+ regulatory T cells in adult life. Blood 225 16332974
2017 Unique phenotypes and clonal expansions of human CD4 effector memory T cells re-expressing CD45RA. Nature communications 224 29133794
2010 MHC class II-associated proteins in B-cell exosomes and potential functional implications for exosome biogenesis. Immunology and cell biology 221 20458337
2000 Mutations in the tyrosine phosphatase CD45 gene in a child with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. Nature medicine 217 10700239
1990 Cloning of three human tyrosine phosphatases reveals a multigene family of receptor-linked protein-tyrosine-phosphatases expressed in brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 213 2169617
2018 CD45 in human physiology and clinical medicine. Immunology letters 205 29366662
1991 Coassociation of CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) with CD45 on the surface of human T lymphocytes. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 204 1680916
1990 Association of CD2 and CD45 on human T lymphocytes. Nature 184 1970422
2021 Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (PTPRC or CD45). Journal of clinical pathology 183 34039664
1996 A subpopulation of B220+ cells in murine bone marrow does not express CD19 and contains natural killer cell progenitors. The Journal of experimental medicine 181 8551222
2000 A point mutation in PTPRC is associated with the development of multiple sclerosis. Nature genetics 161 11101853
2003 Efficient thymic immigration of B220+ lymphoid-restricted bone marrow cells with T precursor potential. Nature immunology 157 12925850
1985 Evidence from cDNA clones that the rat leukocyte-common antigen (T200) spans the lipid bilayer and contains a cytoplasmic domain of 80,000 Mr. Cell 150 3158393
1990 Uncoating protein (hsc70) binds a conformationally labile domain of clathrin light chain LCa to stimulate ATP hydrolysis. Cell 142 1975516
1985 A T-lymphoma transmembrane glycoprotein (gp180) is linked to the cytoskeletal protein, fodrin. The Journal of cell biology 141 3874872
1987 The subdivision of the T4 (CD4) subset on the basis of the differential expression of L-C/T200 antigens. The Journal of experimental medicine 133 2960772
2007 Development and function of murine B220+CD11c+NK1.1+ cells identify them as a subset of NK cells. The Journal of experimental medicine 130 17923504
1987 B-cell variant of mouse T200 (Ly-5): evidence for alternative mRNA splicing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 129 2955416
1989 Leukocyte cell surface enzymology: CD45 (LCA, T200) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase. Immunology today 122 2553046
1995 gp180, a host cell glycoprotein that binds duck hepatitis B virus particles, is encoded by a member of the carboxypeptidase gene family. The Journal of biological chemistry 121 7797483
2005 A B220+ CD117+ CD19- hematopoietic progenitor with potent lymphoid and myeloid developmental potential. European journal of immunology 119 15971276
1988 Intracellular location of T200 and Mo1 glycoproteins in human neutrophils. The Journal of biological chemistry 119 2838485
1993 Origin of CD4-CD8-B220+ T cells in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Clues from a T cell receptor beta transgenic mouse. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 118 7682246
1985 Functional modifications of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte T200 glycoprotein recognized by monoclonal antibodies. Nature 118 2580241
1996 Peripheral T cells undergoing superantigen-induced apoptosis in vivo express B220 and upregulate Fas and Fas ligand. The Journal of experimental medicine 116 8627156
2010 Rheumatoid arthritis risk allele PTPRC is also associated with response to anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy. Arthritis and rheumatism 98 20309874
1994 CD3+CD16+NK1.1+B220+ large granular lymphocytes arise from both alpha-beta TCR+CD4-CD8- and gamma-delta TCR+CD4-CD8- cells. The Journal of experimental medicine 96 8195719
1989 Occurrence of mature B (IgM+, B220+) and T (CD3+) lymphocytes in scid mice. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 96 2473116
2004 Lupus IgG VH4.34 antibodies bind to a 220-kDa glycoform of CD45/B220 on the surface of human B lymphocytes. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 92 15034044
1983 Blockade of NK cell lysis is a property of monoclonal antibodies that bind to distinct regions of T-200. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 89 6194213
1987 Clathrin light chains LCA and LCB are similar, polymorphic, and share repeated heptad motifs. Science (New York, N.Y.) 88 3563513
1997 B-1 cell (CD5+B220+) outgrowth in murine schistosomiasis is genetically restricted and is largely due to activation by polylactosamine sugars. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 86 8977208
1988 Epitopes on CD45R [T200] molecules define differentiation antigens on murine B and T lymphocytes. The Journal of molecular and cellular immunology : JMCI 83 2475124
2001 Generation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts from B220+ cells: its role in accelerated osteoclastogenesis due to estrogen deficiency. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 80 11760834
1987 A second signal for T cell mitogenesis provided by monoclonal antibodies CD45 (T200). European journal of immunology 77 2960536
2001 TcR-alpha/beta(+) CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells in humans with the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome express a novel CD45 isoform that is analogous to murine B220 and represents a marker of altered O-glycan biosynthesis. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 76 11513545
2001 Liver-derived DEC205+B220+CD19- dendritic cells regulate T cell responses. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 72 11390448
2008 B-lineage commitment prior to surface expression of B220 and CD19 on hematopoietic progenitor cells. Blood 69 18495958
1998 Carboxypeptidase D (gp180), a Golgi-resident protein, functions in the attachment and entry of avian hepatitis B viruses. Journal of virology 69 9733850
1997 Defective expression of gp180, a novel CD8 ligand on intestinal epithelial cells, in inflammatory bowel disease. The Journal of clinical investigation 68 9329971
1992 Tyrosine phosphatase activity of lymphoma CD45 (GP180) is regulated by a direct interaction with the cytoskeleton. The Journal of biological chemistry 67 1400466
1994 Proliferation and apoptosis of B220+CD4-CD8-TCR alpha beta intermediate T cells in the liver of normal adult mice: implication for lpr pathogenesis. International immunology 66 7517176
2012 Replication of association of the PTPRC gene with response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in a large UK cohort. Arthritis and rheumatism 62 21952740
2002 Use of a B cell marker (B220) to discriminate between allergens and irritants in the local lymph node assay. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 62 12151637
2008 Mutation survey of known LCA genes and loci in the Saudi Arabian population. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 61 18936139
1998 Expression of B220 on activated T cell blasts precedes apoptosis. European journal of immunology 60 9521064
2014 A novel small molecular STAT3 inhibitor, LY5, inhibits cell viability, cell migration, and angiogenesis in medulloblastoma cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 56 25313399
1998 Avian hepatitis B virus infection is initiated by the interaction of a distinct pre-S subdomain with the cellular receptor gp180. Journal of virology 56 9733849
1981 Structural features and selective expression of three Ly-5+ cell-surface molecules. Immunogenetics 55 7035346
2001 Development and maintenance of a B220- memory B cell compartment. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 54 11466358
2008 Dynamics of immune cell recruitment during West Nile encephalitis and identification of a new CD19+B220-BST-2+ leukocyte population. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 53 18453596
1987 Developmental sequence of T200 antigen modifications in murine T cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 51 2960741
2004 Age-dependent variation in the proportion and number of intestinal lymphocyte subsets, especially natural killer T cells, double-positive CD4+ CD8+ cells and B220+ T cells, in mice. Immunology 48 15500624
1985 Novel antigenic determinants of the T200 glycoprotein expressed preferentially by activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 48 2582040
2001 Immunogenicity of Ly5 (CD45)-antigens hampers long-term engraftment following minimal conditioning in a murine bone marrow transplantation model. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 44 11209093
1999 Sequences within the cytoplasmic domain of gp180/carboxypeptidase D mediate localization to the trans-Golgi network. Molecular biology of the cell 44 9880325
1985 Phosphorylation of the postsynaptic density glycoprotein gp180 by endogenous tyrosine kinase. Brain research 43 4039619
2024 Gut microbiota-derived LCA mediates the protective effect of PEDV infection in piglets. Microbiome 40 38317217
2015 Tanshinone IIA exerts protective effects in a LCA-induced cholestatic liver model associated with participation of pregnane X receptor. Journal of ethnopharmacology 40 25660334
2003 B220+ double-negative T cells suppress polyclonal T cell activation by a Fas-independent mechanism that involves inhibition of IL-2 production. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 40 12928389
1999 A model for the origin of TCR-alphabeta+ CD4-CD8- B220+ cells based on high affinity TCR signals. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 40 10229807
1988 Poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures on murine cell surface T200 glycoprotein participate in natural killer cell binding to YAC-1 targets. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 40 2965731
2015 Replication of PTPRC as genetic biomarker of response to TNF inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The pharmacogenomics journal 37 25896535
2016 A novel small molecule STAT3 inhibitor, LY5, inhibits cell viability, colony formation, and migration of colon and liver cancer cells. Oncotarget 36 26883202
2009 Cutting edge: B220+CCR9- dendritic cells are not plasmacytoid dendritic cells but are precursors of conventional dendritic cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 36 19570827
2003 Human B cells express a CD45 isoform that is similar to murine B220 and is downregulated with acquisition of the memory B-cell marker CD27. Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry 36 12500291
2014 Pseudo-fovea formation after gene therapy for RPE65-LCA. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 34 25537204
2013 Mutational screening of LCA genes emphasizing RPE65 in South Indian cohort of patients. PloS one 34 24066033
1977 Expression of alloantigens LY-5 and LY-6 on cytotoxic effector cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 34 323358
1999 The nonclassical class I molecule CD1d associates with the novel CD8 ligand gp180 on intestinal epithelial cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 33 10473580
1998 Acquisition of CD24 expression by Lin-CD43+B220(low)ckit(hi) cells coincides with commitment to the B cell lineage. European journal of immunology 33 9842928
2008 Repeated 0.5-Gy gamma irradiation attenuates autoimmune disease in MRL-lpr/lpr mice with suppression of CD3+CD4-CD8-B220+ T-cell proliferation and with up-regulation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Radiation research 32 18159952
2000 Identification of CD19(-)B220(+)c-Kit(+)Flt3/Flk-2(+)cells as early B lymphoid precursors before pre-B-I cells in juvenile mouse bone marrow. International immunology 32 10700466
1990 Association of CD2 and T200 (CD45) in mouse T lymphocytes. International immunology 32 1980615
2009 Murine endometrial and decidual NK1.1+ natural killer cells display a B220+CD11c+ cell surface phenotype. Biology of reproduction 31 19369645
2002 A novel mutation in PTPRC interferes with splicing and alters the structure of the human CD45 molecule. Immunogenetics 31 12073144
2016 How Well Does LCA Model Land Use Impacts on Biodiversity?--A Comparison with Approaches from Ecology and Conservation. Environmental science & technology 30 26830787
1987 Cloned murine T200 (Ly-5) cDNA reveals multiple transcripts within B- and T-lymphocyte lineages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 30 2948186
2021 Bile acids LCA and CDCA inhibited porcine deltacoronavirus replication in vitro. Veterinary microbiology 28 33933854
2016 Associations between PTPRC rs10919563 A/G and FCGR2A R131H polymorphisms and responsiveness to TNF blockers in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Rheumatology international 28 27074847
2005 The CD45 isoform B220 identifies select subsets of human B cells and B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Human pathology 28 15712182
2003 A high-frequency polymorphism in exon 6 of the CD45 tyrosine phosphatase gene (PTPRC) resulting in altered isoform expression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 28 12716971
1985 Phosphorylation of the postsynaptic density glycoprotein gp180 by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. Journal of neurochemistry 28 2993521
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1981 Two complementation classes of T200 (Ly-5) glycoprotein-negative mutants. Immunogenetics 26 7194313
2010 Unmyelinated auditory type I spiral ganglion neurons in congenic Ly5.1 mice. The Journal of comparative neurology 25 20575058
1989 Treatment of autoimmune MRL/lpr mice with anti-B220 monoclonal antibody reduces the level of anti-DNA antibodies and lymphadenopathies. Immunology 25 2478453
1999 Prevention of B220+ T cell expansion and prolongation of lifespan induced by Lactobacillus casei in MRL/lpr mice. Clinical and experimental immunology 24 10444272
1990 Cell generation within human thymic subsets defined by selective expression of CD45 (T200) isoforms. Human immunology 24 2138598
2022 Protein quality as a complementary functional unit in life cycle assessment (LCA). The international journal of life cycle assessment 23 36685326
1994 DNFB contact sensitivity (CS) in BALB/c and C3H/He mice: requirement for early-occurring, early-acting, antigen-specific, CS-initiating cells with an unusual phenotype (Thy-1+, CD5+, CD3-, CD4-, CD8-, sIg-, B220+, MHC class II-, CD23+, IL-2R-, IL-3R+, Mel-14-, Pgp-1+, J11d+, MAC-1+, LFA-1+, and Fc gamma RII+). The Journal of investigative dermatology 23 7509836
1990 Constitutive turnover of inositol-containing phospholipids in B220+ T cells from autoimmune-prone MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 23 1692067
1988 Ontogeny and function of B220+ L3T4+ T-cell subset of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. Cellular immunology 22 2456858
1984 Demonstration of T200 on human Langerhans cell surface membranes. The Journal of investigative dermatology 22 6392434
1990 Monoclonal antibodies to epitope of CD45R (B220) inhibit interleukin 4-mediated B cell proliferation and differentiation. International immunology 21 1703782
1990 Further data on the selective expression of Ly-5 isoforms. Immunogenetics 21 2142476
1987 Interleukin 2 mediates an alteration in the T200 antigen expressed on activated B lymphocytes. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 21 2956329
2007 Splenic CD19-CD35+B220+ cells function as an inducer of follicular dendritic cell network formation. Blood 20 17519390
1997 Identification of a membrane-bound carboxypeptidase as the mammalian homolog of duck gp180, a hepatitis B virus-binding protein. Life sciences 20 9064476
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2002 A non-class I MHC intestinal epithelial surface glycoprotein, gp180, binds to CD8. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 19 11890713
1998 Cloning, functional expression, and chromosomal localization of the human and mouse gp180-carboxypeptidase D-like enzyme. Gene 19 9714835
2013 A comparative LCA of rice straw utilization for fuels and fertilizer in Thailand. Bioresource technology 18 24076147
2007 Minimal role of hepatic transporters in the hepatoprotection against LCA-induced intrahepatic cholestasis. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 18 18032408
1993 Interleukin-7 responsiveness of B220+ B cell precursors from bone marrow decreases in aging mice. Cellular immunology 18 7680962