Affinage

PTPA

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha · UniProt P18433

Length
802 aa
Mass
90.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
47 papers in source corpus 16 papers cited in narrative 16 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PTPA (PPP2R4/PR53) is an ATP- and Mg2+-dependent activation chaperone for protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) that converts inactive apo-PP2A into a catalytically competent Ser/Thr phosphatase (PMID:8195217, PMID:24100351). Structurally, PTPA makes broad contacts with elements surrounding the PP2A active site and engages the adenine moiety of ATP, stabilizing the apo-PP2A fold and orienting ATP phosphoryl groups within the PP2A active site so that ATP hydrolysis drives selective loading of catalytic metal ions required for acquisition of pSer/Thr phosphatase activity; both PP2A- and ATP-binding are essential for PTPA's role in cell proliferation and survival (PMID:24100351). PTPA also docks on the invariant C-terminal tail of the PP2A catalytic subunit, an interaction abrogated by Tyr307 phosphorylation or Leu309 carboxymethylation (PMID:25003389), and it lowers inhibitory Tyr307 phosphorylation by upregulating the tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B (PMID:23428800). This activation function is conserved: yeast orthologs bind and reactivate PP2A-family catalytic subunits and contribute to oxidative DNA damage repair (PMID:15447631, PMID:9705277). PTPA protein levels are controlled by UBE3A-mediated ubiquitination and degradation, linking PTPA to dendritic spine maturation, excitatory synaptic transmission, and motor function through PP2A holoenzyme assembly (PMID:31160454). Homozygous loss-of-function PTPA variants that destabilize the protein and impair PP2A activation cause autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism with intellectual disability (PMID:36073231), and PTPA haploinsufficiency is a recurrent tumor-suppressive lesion: loss reduces PP2A activity and promotes c-Myc phosphorylation, Wnt/Hedgehog signaling, KRAS-driven tumorigenesis, and altered kinase-inhibitor sensitivity, while restoration activates PP2A-dependent senescence (PMID:29046336, PMID:34216687, PMID:42258127).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 14 steps
  1. 1994 High

    Established PTPA as a discrete factor that stimulates PP2A phosphatase activity, defining the protein's core biochemical function.

    Evidence Biochemical activity assay with recombinant bacterially expressed PTPA requiring ATP and Mg2+

    PMID:8195217

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism of activation not resolved
    • Did not distinguish chaperone vs catalytic role
  2. 1995 Medium

    Located and structured the human PTPA gene, providing genomic context for later variant and expression studies.

    Evidence FISH mapping to 9q34, genomic sequencing, and promoter-luciferase reporter assays

    PMID:8530035

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional regulators of the promoter identified
    • Tissue-specific expression control unresolved
  3. 1998 Medium

    Connected PTPA function to a cellular phenotype, showing the yeast ortholog supports oxidative DNA damage repair via phosphatase activation.

    Evidence Yeast yPTPA1 deletion with mutagen sensitivity and DNA recovery assays

    PMID:9705277

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific phosphatase substrate in repair pathway not defined
    • Direct relevance to human PTPA untested
  4. 2005 Medium

    Demonstrated direct, regulatory-subunit-independent binding of PTPA orthologs to multiple PP2A-family catalytic subunits and cooperative reactivation, generalizing PTPA's chaperone role across PP2A-like phosphatases.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, direct binding, and phosphatase reactivation assays

    PMID:15447631

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of selectivity unknown
    • Cooperativity mechanism between Ypa1 and Ypa2 undefined
  5. 2007 Medium

    Identified a PP2A-independent proapoptotic activity of PTPA, raising the possibility of moonlighting functions.

    Evidence Transient overexpression with apoptosis readouts and okadaic acid epistasis showing PP2A-independence

    PMID:17333320

    Open questions at the time
    • Effector pathway for PP2A-independent apoptosis not identified
    • Overexpression artifact not excluded
  6. 2013 High

    Resolved the structural and chemical mechanism of activation, showing PTPA stabilizes apo-PP2A and uses ATP hydrolysis at the PP2A active site to drive catalytic metal loading.

    Evidence X-ray crystal structure of PP2A-C bound to PTPA and ATPγS with in vitro reconstitution, mutagenesis, and cell-based validation

    PMID:24100351

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo ordering of metal loading vs holoenzyme assembly unresolved
    • Identity of native metal ions in cells not established
  7. 2013 Medium

    Defined a second, PTP1B-dependent route by which PTPA activates PP2A through removal of inhibitory Tyr307 phosphorylation.

    Evidence Overexpression/knockdown, PP2A activity assays, and PTP1B knockdown epistasis in cells

    PMID:23428800

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which PTPA upregulates PTP1B transcript unknown
    • Single lab without reciprocal validation
  8. 2014 Medium

    Mapped a PTM-sensitive second interaction site on the PP2A C-terminal tail, linking PP2A modification status to PTPA engagement.

    Evidence Structural and peptide-binding assays with post-translationally modified C-terminal tail peptides

    PMID:25003389

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of tail binding for activation kinetics untested
    • Single-lab structural data
  9. 2017 High

    Established PTPA as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor whose loss reduces PP2A activity and drives oncogenic signaling.

    Evidence Ppp2r4 gene-trap mice, PP2A activity/methylation assays, and biochemical analysis of cancer-associated PTPA mutants

    PMID:29046336

    Open questions at the time
    • Which specific PP2A holoenzymes mediate tumor suppression not fully resolved
    • Direct PP2A substrates downstream of c-Myc/Wnt/Hedgehog not enumerated
  10. 2019 High

    Identified UBE3A-mediated degradation of PTPA as a control point coupling PTPA abundance to PP2A holoenzyme assembly and synaptic function.

    Evidence SILAC proteomics, ubiquitination assays, Ube3a maternal-knockout mice with in vivo PTPA knockdown, electrophysiology, and behavior

    PMID:31160454

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitination site(s) on PTPA not mapped
    • Whether PP2A-independent PTPA functions contribute to synaptic phenotype untested
  11. 2021 Medium

    Extended PTPA's tumor-suppressor role to KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma and showed it modifies kinase-inhibitor sensitivity.

    Evidence PPP2R4 depletion in A549, xenografts, KrasG12D gene-trap mice, and kinase inhibitor screening

    PMID:34216687

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking PTPA loss to MEK vs mTOR inhibitor response undefined
    • Single lab
  12. 2023 High

    Tied PTPA loss-of-function variants directly to human early-onset parkinsonism with intellectual disability through impaired PP2A activation.

    Evidence Patient variants in cultured cells with PP2A activity/assembly assays and Drosophila knockdown with L-DOPA rescue

    PMID:36073231

    Open questions at the time
    • Neuronal PP2A substrates underlying parkinsonism not identified
    • Cell-type specificity of vulnerability unresolved
  13. 2023 Medium

    Placed PTPA upstream of BCL11A in fetal hemoglobin silencing, revealing a role in erythroid gene regulation.

    Evidence Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas12a screen and phenotypic rescue in erythroid cells

    PMID:41525452

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether HBG silencing depends on PP2A activation untested
    • Mechanism linking PTPA to BCL11A expression unknown
  14. 2026 Medium

    Showed PTPA restoration triggers PP2A-dependent oncogene-induced senescence via KSR1 dephosphorylation, defining a reversible tumor-suppressive program.

    Evidence PTPA re-expression in mesothelioma cells with PP2A activity assays, RNAseq, senescence/SASP readouts, MEK inhibitor epistasis, and carboplatin sensitivity

    PMID:42258127

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct demonstration of KSR1 as a PP2A substrate incomplete
    • Single lal/single cancer model

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How PTPA's distinct activities — chaperone-mediated PP2A activation, PP2A-independent functions, and substrate-specific holoenzyme outcomes — are coordinated across tissues and disease states remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking PP2A-dependent and PP2A-independent PTPA roles
  • Direct PP2A substrates in neurons, cancer, and erythroid cells largely uncatalogued
  • Endogenous regulation of PTPA abundance beyond UBE3A undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 3 GO:0044183 protein folding chaperone 2 GO:0140657 ATP-dependent activity 2
Localization
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 2
Partners
PPP2CAPTP1BUBE3A

Evidence

Reading pass · 16 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1994 PTPA (phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator) stimulates the tyrosyl phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in an ATP- and Mg2+-requiring reaction. Recombinant bacterially expressed PTPA protein is soluble and active, confirming it is sufficient for this activating function. Biochemical activity assay with recombinant protein; molecular cloning and expression The Journal of biological chemistry High 8195217
2013 Crystal structure of PP2A catalytic subunit bound to PTPA and ATPγS reveals that PTPA makes broad contacts with structural elements surrounding the PP2A active site and the adenine moiety of ATP. PTPA-binding stabilizes the protein fold of apo-PP2A required for activation and orients ATP phosphoryl groups to bind directly to the PP2A active site, allowing ATP to modulate metal-binding preferences and utilize the PP2A active site for ATP hydrolysis. In vitro, ATP selectively enhances binding of endogenous catalytic metal ions requiring ATP hydrolysis, which is crucial for acquisition of pSer/Thr-specific phosphatase activity. Both PP2A- and ATP-binding are required for PTPA function in cell proliferation and survival. Crystal structure (X-ray crystallography); in vitro phosphatase activity assay; mutagenesis; cell proliferation/survival assays Cell research High 24100351
2014 PTPA interacts with the invariant C-terminal tail of the PP2A catalytic subunit at an additional interaction site. Phosphorylation of Tyr307 on PP2A-C or carboxymethylation of Leu309 abrogates or diminishes binding of the C-terminal tail to PTPA, whereas phosphorylation of Thr304 has no consequence on this interaction. Structural studies (NMR/X-ray); binding assays with posttranslationally modified C-terminal tail peptides Biological chemistry Medium 25003389
2005 Yeast PTPA homologues Ypa1 and Ypa2 physically interact directly with the catalytic subunits of specific PP2A-like phosphatases: Ypa1 with Pph3, Sit4, and Ppg1; Ypa2 with Pph21 and Pph22. Interaction is independent of other regulatory subunits. Ypa1 and Ypa2 can reactivate inactive PP2A-methyl esterase complexes (except Pph22-Yme). The interaction of Ypa2 with PP2A is promoted by the presence of Ypa1, suggesting a cooperative role. Yeast two-hybrid; direct binding assays; phosphatase reactivation assays The Biochemical journal Medium 15447631
1998 Yeast PTPA homologue yPtpa1p participates in the repair of oxidative DNA damage induced by 4-NQO and UVA. Deletion of yPTPA1 causes hypersensitivity to 4-NQO and UVA, a spontaneous mutator phenotype, and a defect in recovery of high molecular weight DNA following 4-NQO exposure, demonstrating a role in DNA repair via activation of a phosphatase. Yeast genetics (targeted gene deletion); mutagen sensitivity assays; DNA repair (high molecular weight DNA recovery) The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 9705277
2019 UBE3A ubiquitinates PTPA, targeting it for degradation. Loss of maternal Ube3a increases PTPA levels, promotes PP2A holoenzyme assembly, and elevates PP2A activity. Reducing PTPA levels in vivo in Ube3am-/p+ mice restores defects in dendritic spine maturation. Pharmacological inhibition of PP2A activity alleviates reduction in excitatory synaptic transmission and motor impairment in these mice. Stable-isotope labeling of amino acids in mammals (SILAC); ubiquitination assays; mouse genetics (Ube3a maternal knockout); in vivo PTPA knockdown; PP2A activity assay; electrophysiology; behavioral assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 31160454
2017 Haploinsufficiency of PPP2R4 (encoding PTPA) promotes cancer development. Cancer-associated PTPA mutants show decreased ability to bind the PP2A catalytic subunit or activate PP2A. In Ppp2r4 gene-trapped mice, total PP2A activity and methylation are reduced, selectively affecting specific PP2A holoenzymes. Both Ppp2r4gt/gt and Ppp2r4+/gt mice show higher rates of spontaneous tumors with increased c-Myc phosphorylation and increased Wnt or Hedgehog signaling. Mouse genetics (gene-trap); PP2A activity assay; PP2A binding and activation assays with cancer-associated mutants; tumor incidence analysis; phosphorylation assays Cancer research High 29046336
2013 PTPA activates PP2A by reducing inhibitory phosphorylation of PP2A catalytic subunit at Tyr307 (P-PP2AC). Overexpression of PTPA decreased P-PP2AC levels and activated PP2A, while knockdown increased P-PP2AC and inhibited PP2A. PTPA upregulates protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) at protein and mRNA levels, and simultaneous knockdown of PTP1B abolishes PTPA-induced PP2A activation, indicating PTPA acts through PTP1B to dephosphorylate PP2AC-Tyr307. Overexpression/knockdown in cells; PP2A activity assay; Western blot for P-PP2AC; PTP1B knockdown epistasis Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 23428800
2007 Transient overexpression of PTPA leads to caspase 3-dependent apoptosis in mammalian cells, with hallmarks including chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, annexin V staining, dephosphorylation of Bad, and caspase-3 cleavage. This proapoptotic effect is not prevented by the PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid, indicating PTPA mediates apoptosis independently of PP2A. Transient overexpression; apoptosis assays (annexin V, caspase-3 cleavage, chromatin condensation); pharmacological inhibition with okadaic acid Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death Medium 17333320
2023 Homozygous missense variants in PTPA (p.Ala171Asp and p.Met298Arg) cause early-onset parkinsonism with intellectual disability. Both variants are associated with decreased PTPA RNA stability and decreased PTPA protein levels; p.Ala171Asp additionally shows decreased protein stability. Expression of both variants is associated with decreased PP2A complex levels and impaired PP2A phosphatase activation. Knock-down of PTPA ortholog in Drosophila neurons induces age-dependent locomotion impairment fully reversed by L-DOPA treatment. Overexpression studies in cultured cells; PP2A activity assay; PP2A complex assembly assay; Drosophila knockdown with climbing test and L-DOPA rescue Brain : a journal of neurology High 36073231
2023 PTPA loss (identified by CRISPR-Cas12a genome-wide screen) elevates fetal globin (HBG1/HBG2) levels while preserving erythroid differentiation. Phenotypic rescue experiments revealed that PTPA silences HBG1/2 expression primarily by regulating BCL11A expression, placing PTPA upstream of BCL11A in the fetal hemoglobin silencing pathway. CRISPR-Cas12a genome-wide screen; domain-focused CRISPR-Cas9 screen; phenotypic rescue experiments in erythroid cells Blood Medium 41525452
2025 PTPA localizes predominantly to the Golgi apparatus in osteoblasts, closely overlapping with the Golgi marker Giantin. Disruption of Golgi structure by Brefeldin A causes PTPA to disperse into the cytoplasm. PTPA overexpression inhibits osteoblast differentiation by downregulating key transcriptional regulators. Immunofluorescence co-localization with Golgi marker; Brefeldin A treatment; PTPA overexpression with differentiation assays Biochemical and biophysical research communications Low 39827549
2021 PPP2R4 (PTPA) depletion in A549 lung cancer cells increases anchorage-independent growth and xenograft growth, and accelerates KrasG12D-induced lung tumorigenesis in Ppp2r4 gene-trapped mice. PPP2R4 depletion induces resistance to MEK inhibitor selumetinib but sensitizes cells to mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus, establishing PTPA as a modifier of kinase inhibitor response in KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. PPP2R4 depletion in cell lines; anchorage-independent growth assay; xenograft; mouse genetics (gene-trap with KrasG12D); kinase inhibitor screen Cancer letters Medium 34216687
1995 The human PTPA gene is a single-copy gene located at chromosomal region 9q34, composed of 10 exons and 9 introns spanning ~60 kb. The promoter lacks a TATA box, is GC-rich, and contains Sp1 sites. Transfection with PTPA promoter-luciferase construct confirmed promoter activity in a cell-line-dependent manner. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); genomic cloning and sequencing; luciferase reporter transfection Genomics Medium 8530035
2026 PTPA restoration in PTPA-low mesothelioma cells increases PP2A catalytic subunit expression and activity (methylation) without favoring specific PP2A holoenzymes. PTPA restoration activates oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) via PP2A-dependent dephosphorylation of Kinase Suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR1), activating p53 signaling and NF-κB. PTPA restoration also sensitizes MPM cells to carboplatin. PTPA re-expression in PTPA-low cells; PP2A activity/methylation assays; RNAseq/GSEA; SA-β-galactosidase senescence assay; SASP/NF-κB measurements; MEK inhibitor (Trametinib) epistasis; carboplatin sensitivity assays Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) Medium 42258127
2025 Knockout of PPP2R4 in KELLY neuroblastoma cells, along with reduced methylation of PP2A catalytic subunit (mePPP2CA), increases AURKA protein levels, indicating that the PP2A pathway (activated by PTPA) regulates AURKA abundance post-translationally. CRISPR knockout of PPP2R4; Western blot for AURKA protein; PP2A methylation assay bioRxivpreprint Low bio_10.1101_2025.07.29.665837

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 47 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2011 Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase (PtpA) excludes host vacuolar-H+-ATPase to inhibit phagosome acidification. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 311 22087003
2008 Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence is mediated by PtpA dephosphorylation of human vacuolar protein sorting 33B. Cell host & microbe 238 18474358
2013 Structural basis of PP2A activation by PTPA, an ATP-dependent activation chaperone. Cell research 84 24100351
2017 The mycobacterial phosphatase PtpA regulates the expression of host genes and promotes cell proliferation. Nature communications 74 28811474
2008 Synthetic chalcones as efficient inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase PtpA. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 74 18930396
1994 Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of PTPA, a protein that activates the tyrosyl phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 2A. The Journal of biological chemistry 70 8195217
2009 Mycobacterium tuberculosis PtkA is a novel protein tyrosine kinase whose substrate is PtpA. The Biochemical journal 66 19366344
2002 Expression and localization of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase PtpA. Research in microbiology 63 12066895
2011 Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling of chalcone derivatives as potent inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatases (PtpA and PtpB). Journal of medicinal chemistry 62 22136336
2016 The ubiquitin ligase TRIM27 functions as a host restriction factor antagonized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis PtpA during mycobacterial infection. Scientific reports 61 27698396
2010 Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis tyrosine phosphatase PtpA by synthetic chalcones: kinetics, molecular modeling, toxicity and effect on growth. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 61 20462762
2014 Mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes anti-apoptotic activity of the macrophage by PtpA protein-dependent dephosphorylation of host GSK3α. The Journal of biological chemistry 55 25187516
2015 Opposite effects of two estrogen receptors on tau phosphorylation through disparate effects on the miR-218/PTPA pathway. Aging cell 50 26111662
1998 A yeast homologue of the human phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator PTPA is implicated in protection against oxidative DNA damage induced by the model carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. The Journal of biological chemistry 50 9705277
2009 Fragment-based discovery of selective inhibitors of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase PtpA. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 45 19889539
2019 UBE3A-mediated PTPA ubiquitination and degradation regulate PP2A activity and dendritic spine morphology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 44 31160454
2006 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis PtpA is an endogenous tyrosine phosphatase secreted during infection. Infection and immunity 41 16982836
2005 Specific interactions of PP2A and PP2A-like phosphatases with the yeast PTPA homologues, Ypa1 and Ypa2. The Biochemical journal 39 15447631
2017 PP2A Inactivation Mediated by PPP2R4 Haploinsufficiency Promotes Cancer Development. Cancer research 36 29046336
2008 Protein tyrosine phosphatase PtpA is not required for Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in mice. FEMS microbiology letters 31 18752626
2013 PTPA activates protein phosphatase-2A through reducing its phosphorylation at tyrosine-307 with upregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. Biochimica et biophysica acta 29 23428800
2019 PtpA and PknG Proteins Secreted by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis are Recognized by Sera from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case-Control Study. Journal of inflammation research 28 31819587
2023 PTPA variants and impaired PP2A activity in early-onset parkinsonism with intellectual disability. Brain : a journal of neurology 25 36073231
1996 Expression of the Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) ptpA gene encoding a phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase leads to overproduction of secondary metabolites in S. lividans. FEMS microbiology letters 24 8900062
2018 High levels of antibodies against PtpA and PknG secreted by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis are present in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis patients. Journal of neuroimmunology 20 30196833
2015 New potential eukaryotic substrates of the mycobacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase PtpA: hints of a bacterial modulation of macrophage bioenergetics state. Scientific reports 20 25743628
2011 Structure and substrate recognition of the Staphylococcus aureus protein tyrosine phosphatase PtpA. Journal of molecular biology 20 21871460
2018 PtpA, a secreted tyrosine phosphatase from Staphylococcus aureus, contributes to virulence and interacts with coronin-1A during infection. The Journal of biological chemistry 17 30131335
2014 Structural basis for PTPA interaction with the invariant C-terminal tail of PP2A. Biological chemistry 15 25003389
2007 Overexpression of the cis/trans isomerase PTPA triggers caspase 3-dependent apoptosis. Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death 13 17333320
1995 Structure and chromosomal localization of the human gene of the phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator (PTPA) of protein phosphatase 2A. Genomics 12 8530035
2012 S-nitrosylation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis tyrosine phosphatase A (PtpA) induces its structural instability. Biochimica et biophysica acta 11 23102706
2021 PPP2R4 dysfunction promotes KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma development and mediates opposite responses to MEK and mTOR inhibition. Cancer letters 10 34216687
2015 Phosphorylation-mediated regulation of the Staphylococcus aureus secreted tyrosine phosphatase PtpA. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 10 26679607
2018 Mycobacterial protein tyrosine kinase, PtkA phosphorylates PtpA at tyrosine residues and the mechanism is stalled by the novel series of inhibitors. Journal of drug targeting 7 29724125
1992 The human protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTP alpha/LRP gene (PTPA) is assigned to chromosome 20p13. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 7 1611910
2023 Characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis PtpA interaction and activity on the alpha subunit of human mitochondrial trifunctional protein, a key enzyme of lipid metabolism. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 6 37424790
2018 Immunogenicity of PtpA secreted during Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 6 29571512
2023 Cross-Ethnic Variant Screening and Burden Analysis of PTPA in Parkinson's Disease. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 4 37046398
2023 ALA induces stomatal opening through regulation among PTPA, PP2AC, and SnRK2.6. Frontiers in plant science 4 37711306
2014 Immunoreactivity of protein tyrosine phosphatase A (PtpA) in sera from sheep infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 4 24788024
2023 Shikonin and Juglone Inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis Low-Molecular-Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase a (Mt-PTPa). Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) 3 37754203
2026 An optimized CRISPR-Cas12a genome-wide screen reveals PTPA phosphatase pathway in fetal hemoglobin silencing. Blood 2 41525452
2025 PtpA protein from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as a potential marker of rheumatoid arthritis in humans. PloS one 2 39752467
2023 The secreted tyrosine phosphatase PtpA promotes Staphylococcus aureus survival in RAW 264.7 macrophages through decrease of the SUMOylation host response. Microbiology spectrum 2 37819153
2025 PTPA localized in the Golgi apparatus plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 1 39827549
2026 Protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator (PTPA) promotes oncogene-induced senescence and carboplatin response in human malignant pleural mesothelioma cells. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 0 42258127

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