Affinage

PRSS21

Testisin · UniProt Q9Y6M0

Length
314 aa
Mass
34.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
75 papers in source corpus 16 papers cited in narrative 16 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PRSS21 (testisin) is a GPI-anchored trypsin-like serine protease that functions in sperm maturation, fertilization competence, tumor suppression, and endothelial barrier integrity. In the male reproductive tract, PRSS21 localizes to spermatid and sperm plasma membranes within lipid rafts and participates in a zona pellucida-binding multiprotein complex; Prss21-knockout sperm exhibit impaired motility, morphological defects, defective osmotic responses, and failure to bind the ZP or undergo acrosome reaction, establishing PRSS21 as essential for epididymal sperm maturation and fertilization in vitro (PMID:11861648, PMID:19571264, PMID:18754795, PMID:30549223). In endothelial cells, PRSS21 maintains VE-cadherin adherens junctions and vascular integrity during angiogenesis, as its loss increases paracellular permeability and hemorrhage (PMID:32511276). PRSS21 also acts as a tumor suppressor: its gene is silenced by 5′ CpG island hypermethylation in testicular germ cell tumors, re-expression suppresses tumor growth, and catalytically active testisin inhibits ovarian cancer metastasis by activating PAR-2 to downregulate pro-angiogenic angiopoietins ANG2 and ANGPTL4 (PMID:15685234, PMID:30911775).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1998 Medium

    Identification of PRSS21 as a membrane-type serine protease with a catalytic triad and C-terminal hydrophobic anchor domain established it as a new trypsin-family member expressed predominantly in testis.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and tissue distribution by Northern blot/RT-PCR

    PMID:9826525

    Open questions at the time
    • Enzymatic activity not directly demonstrated
    • Membrane anchoring mechanism not confirmed biochemically
    • Function unknown
  2. 2000 High

    Genomic characterization revealed the 6-exon gene structure, chromosomal location at 16p13.3, a 5′ CpG island, and structural similarity to PRSS8 (prostasin), suggesting evolutionary duplication and potential for epigenetic regulation.

    Evidence Genomic library screening, FISH, radiation hybrid mapping, 5′-RACE, promoter reporter assays in HeLa cells

    PMID:10600542 PMID:11004480

    Open questions at the time
    • CpG island functional significance in disease not yet tested
    • Testis-specific transcription factor requirements undefined
  3. 2002 High

    Biochemical demonstration that PRSS21 is GPI-anchored, resides in lipid raft microdomains, and possesses serine protease activity with unique substrate specificity resolved its membrane tethering mechanism and confirmed enzymatic function.

    Evidence Recombinant expression in HEK293 cells, PI-PLC release, Triton X-100 detergent fractionation, substrate and inhibitor profiling

    PMID:11861648

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological substrates unidentified
    • Role of lipid raft localization in function unknown
  4. 2001 Medium

    Developmental expression analysis showed PRSS21 appears at postnatal day 18 coinciding with spermatid differentiation and localizes to round/elongating spermatid plasma membranes, placing it temporally and spatially in spermatogenesis.

    Evidence Northern blot, immunohistochemistry, developmental time-course in mouse testis

    PMID:11231276 PMID:12630572

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role during spermiogenesis not established
    • Species-specific differences in spermatid stage expression not mechanistically explained
  5. 2005 High

    Discovery that PRSS21 is epigenetically silenced by CpG hypermethylation and histone deacetylation in testicular germ cell tumors, and that re-expression suppresses tumorigenicity, established testisin as a tumor suppressor.

    Evidence Bisulfite sequencing, 5-aza-dC and HDAC inhibitor treatment, stable re-expression in Tera-2 cells, soft agar assay, SCID mouse xenograft

    PMID:15685234

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of tumor suppression at the molecular level unknown
    • Downstream targets of testisin protease activity in cancer cells unidentified
  6. 2008 High

    Prss21-knockout mice revealed that PRSS21 is required for zona pellucida binding, ZP-induced acrosome reaction, and sperm-egg fusion in vitro, but uterine factors compensate in vivo, defining a redundant reproductive safeguard.

    Evidence Knockout mouse, IVF assays, ZP-binding and acrosome reaction quantification, uterine fluid rescue

    PMID:18754795

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of compensatory uterine factors unknown
    • Direct proteolytic substrates mediating ZP binding unidentified
  7. 2009 High

    Extended KO phenotyping demonstrated that PRSS21 is required for epididymal sperm maturation including acquisition of motility, normal tail morphology, and osmotic stress response, pinpointing the corpus-to-cauda epididymal transit as the critical window.

    Evidence Prss21 KO mouse, electron microscopy, motility analysis, hypotonic swelling test

    PMID:19571264

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular targets of PRSS21 proteolysis during epididymal transit unknown
    • Whether PRSS21 acts cell-autonomously on sperm or via epididymal fluid not resolved
  8. 2010 High

    Double knockout of ACR (acrosin) and PRSS21 produced subfertility in vivo and complete failure of ZP penetration and cumulus traversal in vitro, establishing functional redundancy between these two trypsin-like proteases in fertilization.

    Evidence Acr/Prss21 double KO mouse, IVF, cumulus penetration assays, artificial insemination

    PMID:20484738

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether ACR and PRSS21 share substrates or act on distinct targets unknown
    • Additional compensating proteases in vivo not identified
  9. 2018 High

    Identification of PRSS21 in a multiprotein ZP-binding complex (with ZPBP, ZAN, acrosin, HSPs, TCP1) on capacitated sperm provided a molecular framework for how testisin contributes to zona recognition.

    Evidence Blue Native PAGE, co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence in stallion sperm

    PMID:30549223

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PRSS21 proteolytically processes complex components or serves a structural role unknown
    • Whether this complex is conserved across species not established
  10. 2019 High

    Catalytically active testisin was shown to suppress ovarian tumor metastasis by activating PAR-2 on cancer cells, which in turn reduces secretion of pro-angiogenic ANG2 and ANGPTL4, providing a mechanistic basis for its tumor suppressor activity beyond testicular cancer.

    Evidence Murine xenograft with catalytic-dead mutant controls, gene profiling, PAR-2 signaling and angiopoietin secretion assays

    PMID:30911775

    Open questions at the time
    • How PAR-2 activation leads to angiopoietin suppression mechanistically not fully delineated
    • Whether PAR-2 is a direct cleavage substrate of testisin not confirmed with purified components
  11. 2020 High

    PRSS21 was established as a regulator of endothelial barrier function: its loss decreases VE-cadherin and increases phospho-VE-cadherin at adherens junctions, increasing vascular permeability without affecting tight junctions, revealing a non-reproductive physiological role.

    Evidence Prss21 KO mouse corpus luteum analysis, siRNA in endothelial cells, Evans blue and FITC-albumin permeability assays, Matrigel angiogenesis assay

    PMID:32511276

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PRSS21 directly cleaves VE-cadherin or acts indirectly unknown
    • Which kinase pathway mediates VE-cadherin Tyr658 phosphorylation upon PRSS21 loss not identified
  12. 2024 Medium

    Placement of PRSS21 downstream of SPEM2 in a sperm maturation regulatory pathway showed that SPEM2 is required for PRSS21 processing and maturation, identifying an upstream regulator.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot in Spem2 KO mouse epididymal sperm

    PMID:38421455

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SPEM2 directly processes PRSS21 or acts as a chaperone unknown
    • Reciprocal validation and stoichiometry not established

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The direct physiological substrates of PRSS21 protease activity — in both reproductive and vascular contexts — remain unidentified, which is the central open question for understanding its mechanism of action.
  • No physiological substrate identified by cleavage-site mapping or reconstitution
  • Structural basis of substrate specificity undetermined
  • Whether PAR-2 and VE-cadherin are direct or indirect targets not resolved

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 4
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 4 GO:0005576 extracellular region 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1474165 Reproduction 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 2
Partners
ACRADAM2ADAM3PAR2SPEM2ZANZPBP
Complex memberships
zona pellucida-binding complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 16 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2002 PRSS21 (TESP5/testisin) is anchored to the sperm cell membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor, as demonstrated by release from cell surface upon treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). The protein is selectively incorporated into lipid rafts (Triton X-100-insoluble microdomains) of sperm membranes, and exhibits serine protease enzymatic activity with substrate specificity distinct from acrosin and pancreatic trypsin. Recombinant expression in HEK293 cells, PI-PLC treatment, detergent fractionation, substrate specificity and inhibitor assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 11861648
2000 PRSS21 (testisin) gene encodes a serine protease with a C-terminal hydrophobic extension predicted to function as a GPI membrane anchor. The gene maps to human chromosome 16p13.3, spans ~4.5 kb, contains 6 exons and 5 introns, and produces two isoforms via alternative pre-mRNA splicing. The gene structure is similar to PRSS8 (prostasin), suggesting evolutionary gene duplication. A CpG island at the 5' region and transcription factor binding sites (Sp1, AP1, testis-specific elements) were identified in the promoter region. Genomic library screening, sequence analysis, Northern blot, radiation hybrid mapping, FISH, 5'-RACE Biochimica et biophysica acta High 11004480
1998 PRSS21 (ESP-1) is a membrane-type serine protease containing a signal peptide, propeptide, active form sequence with a trypsin-type catalytic triad (His, Asp, Ser), and a C-terminal hydrophobic stretch consistent with membrane anchoring. It is expressed in eosinophils (but not neutrophils), and is most abundant in testis and prostate. cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, tissue distribution by Northern blot/RT-PCR Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 9826525
1999 The PRSS21 (esp-1) gene spans ~4.6 kb with 6 exons and 5 introns, maps to 16p13.3 by radiation hybrid and FISH analyses. A transcription initiation site was identified 106 nt upstream of the start codon. Dual-luciferase reporter analysis showed a GC-rich region (positions -106 to -189) containing an AP-1/Sp-1 binding site is responsible for minimum promoter activity in HeLa cells. BAC genomic cloning, radiation hybrid mapping, FISH, RNase protection, primer extension, dual-luciferase reporter assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 10600542
2001 Mouse Prss21 (testisin) is expressed exclusively in testis among adult tissues, with mRNA appearing at ~day 18 postnatally coinciding with the appearance of spermatids. Immunostaining localizes murine testisin to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of round and elongating spermatids, demonstrating temporal and spatial regulation during spermatogenesis. Northern blot, immunohistochemistry, developmental expression analysis European journal of biochemistry Medium 11231276
2003 Rat Esp-1/Testisin is expressed predominantly in testis and localizes immunohistochemically to elongated spermatids (steps 12-19), distinct from mouse expression in round spermatids, suggesting species-specific roles in proteolytic events during spermatogenesis. RT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry The journal of medical investigation : JMI Medium 12630572
2005 Hypermethylation of the 5' CpG island of PRSS21 (testisin) gene silences its expression in testicular germ cell tumors (100% of 8 tested) and tumor cell lines. Treatment with demethylating agents and/or histone deacetylase inhibitors reactivates PRSS21 expression, demonstrating that CpG methylation and histone deacetylation together regulate PRSS21 transcription. Stable re-expression of testisin in PRSS21-negative Tera-2 testicular cancer cells suppressed anchorage-dependent growth and tumor formation in SCID mice, indicating a tumor suppressor function. Bisulfite sequencing, demethylating agent treatment (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine), HDAC inhibitor treatment, stable transfection, soft agar assay, SCID xenograft model British journal of cancer High 15685234
2005 Mouse PRSS21 (Prss21/testis serine protease-1) is anchored to plasma membranes via a GPI anchor analogous to other members of the chromosome 17A3.3 tryptase locus, and can be released from the cell surface by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. PI-PLC cell surface release assay, biochemical fractionation Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 16143303
2008 PRSS21-null mouse epididymal sperm show severely impaired ability to bind the zona pellucida (ZP) and undergo ZP-induced acrosome reaction in vitro, and severely impaired sperm-egg fusion in vitro. Normal male fertility in vivo is rescued by exposure of Prss21-null sperm to the uterine microenvironment or uterine fluids in vitro, demonstrating that uterine factors compensate for the loss of PRSS21 protease activity. Knockout mouse model, in vitro fertilization assays, ZP-binding assays, acrosome reaction measurement, uterine fluid treatment Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms High 18754795
2009 PRSS21-deficient (testisin knockout) mice display defective epididymal sperm maturation: spermatozoa show decreased motility, angulated/curled tails, fragile necks, and increased susceptibility to decapitation, with structural defects arising during transit from corpus to cauda epididymis. PRSS21-null sperm fail to swell under hypotonic conditions, indicating impaired osmotic stress responses essential for sperm maturation. PRSS21 knockout mouse model, histology, electron microscopy, sperm motility analysis, hypotonic swelling test Biology of reproduction High 19571264
2010 Mice doubly deficient in ACR (acrosin) and PRSS21 are subfertile in vivo due to incomplete fertilization. Double-knockout epididymal sperm fail to undergo acrosomal exocytosis on the zona pellucida surface, fail to traverse the ZP, and are defective in penetration through cumulus matrix—demonstrating that the combined trypsin-like serine protease activity of ACR and PRSS21 is essential for sperm penetration through cumulus and ZP in vitro. Female reproductive tract partially compensates for this loss in vivo. Double knockout mouse model, in vitro fertilization, acrosome reaction assays, cumulus penetration assays, artificial uterine insemination Biology of reproduction High 20484738
2018 In stallion spermatozoa, testisin (PRSS21) surface expression increases significantly upon capacitation and further upon acrosome reaction, and localizes to the equatorial region of the sperm head. Testisin is also detected in epididymal luminal fluid and epididymal epithelial cells. Testisin forms multiprotein complexes and co-immunoprecipitates with zona pellucida-binding proteins including ZPBP, ZAN, acrosin, heat-shock proteins, and TCP1 complex components, indicating participation in the ZP-binding complex. Live cell immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, Blue Native PAGE, co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry Andrology High 30549223
2019 PRSS21 (testisin) activity suppresses ovarian tumor metastasis, ascites accumulation, and intraperitoneal tumor seeding in a murine xenograft model. Mechanistically, catalytically active testisin activates protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) on the cancer cell surface, which in turn suppresses the synthesis and secretion of pro-angiogenic angiopoietins ANG2 and ANGPTL4, thereby antagonizing vascular permeability and edema associated with metastasis. Murine xenograft model, catalytic mutant expression, gene profiling, PAR-2 mechanistic studies, ANG2/ANGPTL4 secretion assays Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) High 30911775
2019 Fluoride exposure downregulates PRSS21 expression (mRNA and protein) in rat epididymis and is associated with reduced sperm ability to penetrate the egg cumulus cell layer, linking PRSS21 epididymal expression to sperm fertilizing ability. In vivo fluoride exposure model, Western blot, immunofluorescence, sperm-egg binding assay Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Low 31008594
2020 Testisin (PRSS21) deficiency in mice leads to increased vascular permeability and hemorrhage during corpus luteal angiogenesis. In vitro, siRNA knockdown of testisin in microvascular endothelial cells impairs tubule-like formation on Matrigel and increases paracellular permeability to FITC-albumin. Loss of testisin decreases VE-cadherin expression and increases phospho(Tyr658)-VE-cadherin at adherens junctions, without affecting tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-5, ZO-1), identifying testisin as a novel regulator of VE-cadherin-mediated endothelial adhesion during angiogenesis. Prss21 knockout mouse model, siRNA knockdown, Evans blue dye vascular permeability assay, live cell imaging on Matrigel, FITC-albumin transwell permeability assay, Western blot, immunofluorescence PloS one High 32511276
2024 SPEM2 interacts with PRSS21 (and other sperm proteins ZPBP, PRSS54, PRSS55, ADAM2, ADAM3) and is required for their processing and maturation in epididymal sperm, placing PRSS21 downstream of SPEM2 in a regulatory pathway for sperm maturation. Co-immunoprecipitation, Western blot in Spem2 knockout mouse model Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS Medium 38421455

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 75 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2016 Maternal plasma folate impacts differential DNA methylation in an epigenome-wide meta-analysis of newborns. Nature communications 203 26861414
2002 A mouse serine protease TESP5 is selectively included into lipid rafts of sperm membrane presumably as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 103 11861648
2009 The glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored serine protease PRSS21 (testisin) imparts murine epididymal sperm cell maturation and fertilizing ability. Biology of reproduction 77 19571264
2014 Long-term expression of human contextual fear and extinction memories involves amygdala, hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex: a reinstatement study in two independent samples. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 71 24493848
1999 Restoration of vision I: neurobiological mechanisms of restoration and plasticity after brain damage - a review. Restorative neurology and neuroscience 65 12671232
2010 Mice lacking two sperm serine proteases, ACR and PRSS21, are subfertile, but the mutant sperm are infertile in vitro. Biology of reproduction 64 20484738
2020 Epigenomes of Human Hearts Reveal New Genetic Variants Relevant for Cardiac Disease and Phenotype. Circulation research 61 32529949
2008 Reduced fertility of mouse epididymal sperm lacking Prss21/Tesp5 is rescued by sperm exposure to uterine microenvironment. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 60 18754795
2001 Human tryptase epsilon (PRSS22), a new member of the chromosome 16p13.3 family of human serine proteases expressed in airway epithelial cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 57 11602603
2013 The genetic component of Brugada syndrome. Frontiers in physiology 56 23874304
2007 The epigenome of testicular germ cell tumors. APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 52 18042148
2015 The Soil Microbiota Harbors a Diversity of Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing β-Lactamases of Potential Clinical Relevance. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 49 26482314
2007 Comparison of microsatellite length polymorphism and multilocus sequence typing for DNA-Based typing of Candida albicans. Journal of clinical microbiology 46 17928418
2006 Multilocus sequence typing for analyses of clonality of Candida albicans strains in Taiwan. Journal of clinical microbiology 41 16757617
2017 Complementary Critical Functions of Zfy1 and Zfy2 in Mouse Spermatogenesis and Reproduction. PLoS genetics 40 28114340
2005 Hypermethylation of the 5' CpG island of the gene encoding the serine protease Testisin promotes its loss in testicular tumorigenesis. British journal of cancer 40 15685234
2000 Localization, expression and genomic structure of the gene encoding the human serine protease testisin. Biochimica et biophysica acta 39 11004480
2001 Organization and chromosomal localization of the murine Testisin gene encoding a serine protease temporally expressed during spermatogenesis. European journal of biochemistry 34 11231276
1998 Cloning and tissue distribution of a novel serine protease esp-1 from human eosinophils. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 31 9826525
2011 Characterization of fecal indicator bacteria in sediments cores from the largest freshwater lake of Western Europe (Lake Geneva, Switzerland). Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 30 22209635
2019 Fluoride Interferes with the Sperm Fertilizing Ability via Downregulated SPAM1, ACR, and PRSS21 Expression in Rat Epididymis. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 29 31008594
2008 Pseudomonas panipatensis sp. nov., isolated from an oil-contaminated site. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 29 18523175
2019 Genome-wide association study for age at puberty in young Nelore bulls. Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie 23 31515857
2018 Epidermal Fatty Acid-Binding Protein: A Novel Marker in the Diagnosis of Dry Eye Disease in Sjögren Syndrome. International journal of molecular sciences 22 30400384
2019 Biological changes in C57BL/6 mice following 3 weeks of inhalation exposure to cigarette smoke or e-vapor aerosols. Inhalation toxicology 21 30849254
2010 Stored-product insects carry antibiotic-resistant and potentially virulent enterococci. FEMS microbiology ecology 21 20735478
1999 Structural analysis of esp-1 gene (PRSS 21). Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20 10600542
2010 Renin angiotensin system gene polymorphisms modify angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors' effect on cognitive function: the health, aging and body composition study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 19 20722844
2023 Ocular surface immune cell diversity in dry eye disease. Indian journal of ophthalmology 18 37026254
2022 Relationship Between CNVs and Immune Cells Infiltration in Gastric Tumor Microenvironment. Frontiers in genetics 18 35754804
2019 PRSS21/testisin inhibits ovarian tumor metastasis and antagonizes proangiogenic angiopoietins ANG2 and ANGPTL4. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) 18 30911775
2018 Feline dry eye syndrome of presumed neurogenic origin: a case report. JFMS open reports 15 29318025
2018 The serine protease testisin is present on the surface of capacitated stallion spermatozoa and interacts with key zona pellucida binding proteins. Andrology 15 30549223
1998 No induction of chromosome aberrations in human spermatozoa exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. Mutation research 15 9630495
1997 The use of the BTA Test in the detection of persistent or recurrent transitional-cell cancer of the bladder. World journal of urology 15 9144899
2020 Fertility Relevance Probability Analysis Shortlists Genetic Markers for Male Fertility Impairment. Cytogenetic and genome research 14 33238277
2003 Cloning, expression analysis, and tissue distribution of esp-1/testisin, a membrane-type serine protease from the rat. The journal of medical investigation : JMI 14 12630572
2024 AI models predicting breast cancer distant metastasis using LightGBM with clinical blood markers and ultrasound maximum diameter. Scientific reports 13 38969798
2018 Transcription and regulation of hepatitis B virus genes in host sperm cells. Asian journal of andrology 13 29111540
2018 Tiled array-based sequencing identifies enrichment of loss-of-function variants in the highly homologous filaggrin gene in African-American children with severe atopic dermatitis. Experimental dermatology 13 29791750
2024 Spem2, a novel testis-enriched gene, is required for spermiogenesis and fertilization in mice. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 12 38421455
2022 Effects of low and high intensity interval training exercises on VO2max and components of neuromuscular and vascular system in male volunteers. Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions 10 36046991
2021 Gastrointestinal Goblet Cell Adenocarcinomas Harbor Distinctive Clinicopathological, Immune, and Genomic Landscape. Frontiers in oncology 10 34804955
2020 In Search of TGCT Biomarkers: A Comprehensive In Silico and Histopathological Analysis. Disease markers 10 33224314
2018 Comparison of the efficacy of 0.03% tacrolimus eye drops diluted in olive oil and linseed oil for the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs. Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia 9 29995121
2021 Pseudomonas nicosulfuronedens sp. nov., a nicosulfuron degrading bacterium, isolated from a microbial consortium. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 8 33411665
2005 Identification of a subgroup of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored tryptases. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 7 16143303
2024 Development and validation of an artificial intelligence model for predicting de novo distant bone metastasis in breast cancer: a dual-center study. BMC women's health 6 39098907
2022 A Role of the TEX101 Interactome in the Common Aetiology Behind Male Subfertility and Testicular Germ Cell Tumor. Frontiers in oncology 6 35774118
2020 Genetic Profiles Affect the Biological Effects of Serine on Gastric Cancer Cells. Frontiers in pharmacology 6 32848786
2000 Preventive effect of 2 and 10 mg of sodium cromoglycate on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. European journal of pediatrics 5 11039131
2025 ACP-ESM2: Enhancing Anticancer Peptide Prediction With Pre-Trained Protein Language Models. IEEE transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics 4 40811365
2023 Association of Central Auditory Processing Dysfunction With Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 4 36939433
2023 Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Tissue Biomarker Analysis: A Comparison of Human Protein Atlas and Individual Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Component Immunohistochemistry. Cells 4 37508506
2022 Structural and Functional Evaluation of Meibomian Glands and Its Correlation With Dry Eye Parameters in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. American journal of ophthalmology 4 35288074
2021 Development of New PCR Assay with SYBR Green I for Detection of Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma, and Ureaplasma sp. in Cell Cultures. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 4 34068904
2010 [Correlation of the methylation status of CpG islands in the promoter region of 10 genes with the 5-Fu chemosensitivity in 3 breast cancer cell lines]. Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi [Chinese journal of oncology] 4 20723428
2024 MoRF_ESM: Prediction of MoRFs in disordered proteins based on a deep transformer protein language model. Journal of bioinformatics and computational biology 3 38812466
2023 Comparison of topical 0.03% tacrolimus and homologous injectable platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs. Veterinary world 3 36855346
2020 Testisin/Prss21 deficiency causes increased vascular permeability and a hemorrhagic phenotype during luteal angiogenesis. PloS one 3 32511276
2018 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate measured using microhemagglutination is not elevated in monoclonal gammopathy compared with other diseases. International journal of laboratory hematology 3 29791075
2025 Injectable homologous platelet-rich plasma, alone or in combination with oral omega-3 supplementation, for treating keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs. Veterinary world 2 40584132
2021 Pseudomonas schmalbachii sp. nov., isolated from the gut of a millipede (Trigoniulus corallinus) from a coconut tree. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 2 34705625
2019 Nerve growth factor in dogs: Assessment of two immunoassays and selected ocular parameters following a nicergoline challenge per os. Veterinary ophthalmology 2 31774231
2009 Evaluation of enterococcal surface protein genes as markers of sewage contamination in tropical recreational waters. Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research 2 19587423
2025 hERG-LTN: A New Paradigm for hERG Cardiotoxicity Prediction Using Neuro-Symbolic and Generative AI. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference 1 41336184
2000 [Reproducibility in induced sputum in children with asthma]. Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany) 1 10865471
2026 Intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics for the pretreatment prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in rhabdomyosarcoma: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Insights into imaging 0 41492040
2026 Conjunctival transforming growth factor-β2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca: Baseline alterations, clinical associations, and response to 0.2% cyclosporine therapy. Veterinary world 0 41822564
2026 Investigating the role of FKBP4 in testis germ cell tumor via integrated in silico approach. In silico pharmacology 0 41858337
2026 Anticancer effects of salidroside on ovarian cancer carcinogenesis and molecular mechanism in mice. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 0 41895063
2025 A multi-analyte liquid biopsy approach for nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors: combining cfDNA and N-glycan analysis in blood and seminal plasma. Cancer cell international 0 40646570
2025 Identification of Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Sites on the Influenza A (H1N1) Viral Genome Using Gradient Boosting and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Models. ACS omega 0 41280851
2023 A Greater Increase in Complement C5a Receptor 1 Level at Onset and a Smaller Decrease in Immunoglobulin G Level after Recovery in Severer Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: A New Analysis of Existing Data with a New Two-Tailed t-Test. Biology 0 37759576
2023 Phenotypic and genomic characterization of a non-pathogenic Epilithonimonas ginsengisoli isolated from diseased farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Chile. Journal of fish diseases 0 38031399