Affinage

PRSS21

Testisin · UniProt Q9Y6M0

Length
314 aa
Mass
34.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
75 papers in source corpus 15 papers cited in narrative 15 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PRSS21 (testisin/ESP-1) is a GPI-anchored, trypsin-like serine protease that operates in two distinct biological settings: male germ cell maturation and fertilization, and endothelial/vascular regulation (PMID:11861648, PMID:18754795, PMID:30911775). The mature protein carries a canonical His-Asp-Ser catalytic triad and a C-terminal hydrophobic GPI-anchor extension that targets it to Triton X-100-insoluble lipid raft microdomains of the cell surface (PMID:11861648, PMID:9826525). In spermatozoa, testisin is required for epididymal sperm maturation, maintaining tail integrity and osmotic regulatory capacity during epididymal transit, and for fertilization steps including zona pellucida binding, ZP-induced acrosome reaction, and cumulus/ZP penetration; this proteolytic function acts redundantly with acrosin and can be compensated by uterine factors in vivo (PMID:18754795, PMID:19571264, PMID:20484738). On the sperm surface it assembles into high-molecular-weight multiprotein complexes with zona pellucida-binding proteins including ZPBP, ZAN, and acrosin, and its processing to the mature form depends on SPEM2 (PMID:30549223, PMID:38421455). In ovarian cancer and microvascular endothelial cells, catalytically active testisin activates the receptor PAR-2 to suppress secretion of pro-angiogenic ANG2 and ANGPTL4 and maintains VE-cadherin-mediated adherens junctions, thereby restraining vascular leak, tumor seeding, and metastasis (PMID:30911775, PMID:32511276). In testicular germ cell tumors, PRSS21 expression is silenced by 5'-CpG island hypermethylation and histone deacetylation, and its re-expression suppresses anchorage-dependent growth and xenograft tumor formation, defining a tumor suppressor activity (PMID:15685234).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 9 steps
  1. 1998 Medium

    Initial cloning established PRSS21 as a membrane-type serine protease with the molecular hallmarks needed for catalytic activity and membrane attachment, framing it as a candidate protease in testis biology.

    Evidence cDNA cloning from human eosinophils with deduced sequence and tissue distribution analysis

    PMID:9826525

    Open questions at the time
    • Enzymatic activity not functionally validated
    • GPI anchoring inferred from sequence, not demonstrated
    • No cellular function assigned
  2. 2000 Medium

    Genomic characterization mapped the gene and promoter and first noted that testisin is expressed in premeiotic germ cells but lost in testicular tumor cell lines, hinting at a cancer-relevant expression pattern.

    Evidence Genomic library screening, radiation hybrid mapping, and RT-PCR across tumor cell lines

    PMID:10600542 PMID:11004480

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of tumor-associated silencing unknown
    • No functional consequence of expression loss tested
  3. 2001 Medium

    Murine gene characterization tied PRSS21 expression to the appearance of spermatids during spermatogenesis, localizing it to spermatid cytoplasm and plasma membrane and establishing a temporally regulated germ-cell role.

    Evidence Genomic cloning and immunostaining of mouse testis sections across postnatal development

    PMID:11231276

    Open questions at the time
    • Function in sperm not tested
    • GPI anchor not biochemically confirmed at this stage
  4. 2002 High

    Biochemical work confirmed that PRSS21 is GPI-anchored and partitions into sperm lipid rafts, and that its enzymatic specificity is trypsin-like but distinct from acrosin and pancreatic trypsin, resolving its surface topology and catalytic identity.

    Evidence Recombinant expression in HEK293 cells with PI-PLC release, Triton X-100 raft fractionation, and substrate specificity assays

    PMID:11861648 PMID:16143303

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological substrates not identified
    • Catalytic role in fertilization not yet demonstrated
  5. 2005 High

    The cause and consequence of PRSS21 loss in cancer were established: epigenetic silencing via CpG hypermethylation and histone deacetylation, with re-expression suppressing tumor growth, defining a tumor suppressor function.

    Evidence Bisulfite sequencing, demethylating/HDAC inhibitor reactivation, stable transfection, and SCID mouse xenografts

    PMID:15685234

    Open questions at the time
    • Catalytic dependence of tumor suppression not tested here
    • Downstream effectors of growth suppression unknown
  6. 2010 High

    Knockout and double-knockout studies defined the cellular role of PRSS21 in fertilization, showing it is required for epididymal sperm structural integrity and osmotic regulation and, redundantly with acrosin, for ZP and cumulus penetration, with uterine factors compensating in vivo.

    Evidence Prss21 single- and Acr/Prss21 double-knockout mice with IVF, ZP binding, acrosome reaction, cumulus penetration, hypotonic swelling, and uterine fluid rescue assays

    PMID:18754795 PMID:19571264 PMID:20484738

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct proteolytic substrates on sperm/egg not identified
    • Molecular basis of uterine compensation unknown
  7. 2018 High

    Proteomic analysis placed testisin within the sperm ZP-binding machinery, showing capacitation/acrosome-dependent surface dynamics and assembly into multiprotein complexes with ZP-binding proteins.

    Evidence Live cell immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, Blue Native PAGE, and Co-IP/mass spectrometry on stallion sperm

    PMID:30549223

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect nature of interactions not resolved
    • Functional necessity of complex assembly not tested
  8. 2020 High

    A vascular function was established: testisin maintains endothelial barrier integrity through VE-cadherin, with loss increasing vascular leak and decreasing VE-cadherin while elevating its inhibitory phosphorylation, and a parallel oncology study linked catalytically active testisin to PAR-2-mediated suppression of pro-angiogenic angiopoietins.

    Evidence Prss21-/- mice, endothelial siRNA knockdown, Matrigel tubule and FITC-albumin permeability assays, VE-cadherin Western blots; plus xenograft model with catalytic-mutant controls and ANG2/ANGPTL4 profiling

    PMID:30911775 PMID:32511276

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct demonstration that testisin cleaves PAR-2 on endothelium incomplete
    • Connection between PAR-2 activation and VE-cadherin phosphorylation not fully mapped
  9. 2024 Medium

    An upstream processing requirement was identified, showing SPEM2 interacts with PRSS21 and is needed for its maturation in epididymal sperm, embedding testisin in a broader sperm protein-processing network.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot in Spem2 knockout mice

    PMID:38421455

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect SPEM2-PRSS21 interaction unresolved
    • Protease responsible for PRSS21 processing not identified
    • Limited mechanistic depth on PRSS21 specifically

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The endogenous physiological substrates of testisin on the sperm surface and the precise enzymatic steps linking its activity to ZP/cumulus penetration and to endothelial barrier maintenance remain undefined.
  • No direct sperm-side proteolytic substrate identified
  • Mechanism linking PAR-2 cleavage to VE-cadherin stabilization not fully resolved
  • Structural model of testisin and its complexes absent

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 3 GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1474165 Reproduction 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 2
Partners
ACRADAM2ADAM3PRSS54PRSS55SPEM2ZANZPBP
Complex memberships
sperm zona pellucida-binding complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 15 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2002 PRSS21 (TESP5/testisin/esp-1) is a GPI-anchored serine protease on the sperm cell surface. When HEK293 cells were transformed with an expression plasmid carrying the entire PRSS21 protein-coding region, the recombinant protein was released from the cell membrane by treatment with Bacillus cereus phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, confirming GPI-anchoring. The 42- and 41-kDa forms were selectively included into Triton X-100-insoluble lipid raft microdomains of sperm membranes. Enzymatic properties of recombinant TESP5 were similar to but distinct from rat acrosin and pancreatic trypsin in substrate specificity and sensitivity to serine protease inhibitors. Expression plasmid transfection in HEK293 cells, phospholipase C treatment, immunochemical analysis, Triton X-100 fractionation, enzymatic substrate specificity assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 11861648
1998 PRSS21 (ESP-1) encodes a membrane-type serine protease with a signal peptide of 18 amino acids, a propeptide of 23 amino acids, a catalytic domain containing the canonical serine protease catalytic triad (His, Asp, Ser), and a C-terminal hydrophobic stretch indicating membrane anchoring. The gene is most abundantly expressed in testis and prostate, with expression also in eosinophils (but not neutrophils), mononuclear cells, lung, spleen, and pancreas. cDNA cloning from human eosinophils, deduced amino acid sequence analysis, tissue distribution by Northern/RT-PCR Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 9826525
1999 The ESP-1/PRSS21 gene spans approximately 4.6 kb, consists of 6 exons and 5 introns, and maps to chromosome 16p13.3. A new splicing variant was identified from HeLa cell cDNA. Dual-luciferase reporter analysis revealed that a GC-rich region between nucleotide positions -106 and -189 (containing one AP-1/Sp-1 binding site) is responsible for minimum promoter activity in HeLa cells. The transcription initiation site is at position -106 (residue G). BAC library cloning, radiation hybrid mapping, FISH, RNase protection, primer extension, dual-luciferase reporter assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 10600542
2000 The human PRSS21 gene is approximately 4.5 kb, contains 6 exons and 5 introns, and localizes to chromosome 16p13.3 between microsatellite marker D16S246 and radiation hybrid breakpoint CY23HA. Two known isoforms of testisin are generated by alternative pre-mRNA splicing. The 5'-flanking region lacks a TATA box but contains a CCAAT sequence, a CpG island, and consensus elements for Sp1, AP1, and testis-specific transcription factors. Testisin is expressed in premeiotic testicular germ cells but not in testicular tumor cell lines, and is aberrantly expressed in some non-testis tumor cell lines. Genomic library screening, sequence analysis, radiation hybrid mapping, Northern blot, RT-PCR in tumor cell lines Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 11004480
2001 The murine Prss21 gene has six exons and five introns spanning approximately 5 kb, localizes to murine chromosome 17A3.3-B (syntenic with human 16p13.3), and encodes a 324-amino acid protein with an N-terminal signal sequence, a pro-region, a 251-amino acid catalytic domain with trypsin-like specificity, and a C-terminal hydrophobic GPI-anchor extension. Immunostaining localized murine Testisin to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of round and elongating spermatids. mRNA expression onset at approximately day 18 post-birth corresponds to the appearance of spermatids, indicating temporal regulation during spermatogenesis. Genomic cloning, sequence analysis, Northern blot, immunostaining of mouse testis sections European journal of biochemistry Medium 11231276
2005 Hypermethylation of a 385 bp 5'-CpG island in the PRSS21 (testisin) promoter silences its expression in 100% of testicular germ cell tumors (8/8) and multiple tumor cell lines, as shown by bisulfite sequencing. Treatment of testisin-negative cell lines with demethylating agents and/or histone deacetylase inhibitor reactivated testisin expression. Stable expression of testisin in the testisin-negative Tera-2 testicular cancer line suppressed anchorage-dependent growth and tumor formation in SCID mice, establishing a tumor suppressor function. Bisulfite sequencing, demethylating agent treatment, HDAC inhibitor treatment, RT-PCR, stable transfection, anchorage-dependent growth assay, SCID mouse xenograft model British journal of cancer High 15685234
2005 PRSS21 and related serine proteases (tryptase 5/Prss32, pancreasin/Prss27, testis serine protease-1) are inserted into plasma membranes via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors, as demonstrated by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C release, and are consequently targeted to lipid rafts. PI-PLC treatment, cell surface release assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 16143303
2008 Prss21-null epididymal sperm penetrate the zona pellucida (ZP) at very low rates in vitro, due to reduced ability to bind the ZP and undergo ZP-induced acrosome reaction. Sperm-egg fusion in vitro was also severely impaired. Importantly, the reduced fertility of Prss21-null epididymal sperm was rescued by exposure to the uterine microenvironment (in vivo passage through uterus or in vitro treatment with uterine fluids), demonstrating that PRSS21's proteolytic function in ZP penetration can be compensated by uterine factors. Prss21 knockout mouse model, in vitro fertilization assay, ZP binding assay, acrosome reaction assay, uterine fluid treatment experiment Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms High 18754795
2009 PRSS21-deficient spermatozoa show decreased motility, angulated and curled tails, fragile necks, and dramatically increased susceptibility to decapitation during epididymal transit. Histological and electron microscopic analyses showed increased curling and detachment of tails as spermatozoa transit from corpus to cauda epididymis. Cauda epididymal spermatozoa deficient in PRSS21 fail to mount a swelling response to hypotonic conditions, indicating impaired osmotic regulatory ability. These defects identify PRSS21 as a novel proteolytic factor directing epididymal sperm maturation and fertilizing ability. PRSS21 knockout mouse model, light and electron microscopy, sperm motility analysis, hypotonic swelling test Biology of reproduction High 19571264
2010 Double-knockout mice lacking both ACR (acrosin) and PRSS21 are subfertile in vivo, and their sperm are unable to undergo acrosomal exocytosis on the zona pellucida surface or traverse the ZP in vitro, and are also defective in penetrating the cumulus matrix. Artificial insemination directly into the uterus partially rescued fertilization, as did the presence of uterine fluids in vitro. This demonstrates that the trypsin-like protease activity of ACR and PRSS21 together is essential for sperm penetration through cumulus matrix and ZP in vitro, while female reproductive tract factors can partially compensate in vivo. Double-knockout mouse generation (ACR and PRSS21), in vitro fertilization assay, acrosome reaction assay on ZP, cumulus penetration assay, artificial insemination experiment Biology of reproduction High 20484738
2018 Testisin (PRSS21) surface expression on stallion spermatozoa increases significantly upon capacitation and further increases after acrosome reaction, with localization to the equatorial region of the sperm head. Testisin is also found in epididymal luminal fluid and epithelial cells. Blue Native PAGE and co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry revealed that testisin forms several high-molecular-weight multiprotein complexes and interacts with zona pellucida-binding proteins including ZPBP, ZAN, acrosin, multiple heat-shock proteins, and components of the TCP1 complex, indicating participation in the ZP-binding complex. Live cell immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, Blue Native PAGE, co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry Andrology High 30549223
2019 In a murine xenograft model of ovarian intraperitoneal tumor metastasis, increased tumor testisin expression inhibited intraperitoneal tumor seeding, colonization, ascites accumulation, and metastatic tumor burden in a manner dependent on catalytically active testisin. Testisin activity suppresses the synthesis and secretion of pro-angiogenic angiopoietins ANG2 and ANGPTL4 (which promote vascular leak and edema). Gene profiling and mechanistic studies support a model wherein testisin activates protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) as a substrate to antagonize pro-angiogenic angiopoietins that modulate vascular permeability. Murine xenograft model with testisin-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells, catalytic mutant controls, gene expression profiling, mechanistic studies of ANG2/ANGPTL4 secretion Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) High 30911775
2020 Testisin (PRSS21)-deficient mice (Prss21-/-) show a substantially increased incidence and severity of hemorrhages during corpus luteal development, associated with increased vascular leakiness (greater Evans blue dye extravasation). siRNA knockdown of testisin in microvascular endothelial cells impaired reorganization and tubule-like formation on Matrigel and increased paracellular permeability to FITC-albumin, associated with decreased VE-cadherin expression and increased phospho(Tyr658)-VE-cadherin levels. Tight junction proteins occludin, claudin-5, and ZO-1 were unaffected. These data identify testisin as a novel regulator of VE-cadherin-mediated endothelial adherens junctions during angiogenesis. Prss21-/- mouse model, Evans blue extravasation assay, siRNA knockdown in endothelial cells, Matrigel tubule formation assay, FITC-albumin permeability assay, Western blot for VE-cadherin and phospho-VE-cadherin, live cell imaging PloS one High 32511276
2024 SPEM2 interacts with PRSS21 (testisin) in epididymal sperm and is required for its processing and maturation. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated SPEM2 interaction with PRSS21 along with ZPBP, PRSS54, PRSS55, ADAM2, and ADAM3. SPEM2 deficiency in mice resulted in decreased levels of processed/mature PRSS21 in epididymal sperm. Co-immunoprecipitation, Western blot in Spem2 knockout mice Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS Medium 38421455
2019 Fluoride exposure in rats downregulated PRSS21 expression (both mRNA and protein) in the epididymis in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with reduced sperm ability to break down the egg cumulus cell layer. Immunofluorescence confirmed altered localization of PRSS21 protein in fluoride-treated epididymis. In vivo fluoride exposure in rats, Western blot, RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, sperm-egg cumulus penetration assay Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Low 31008594

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 75 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2016 Maternal plasma folate impacts differential DNA methylation in an epigenome-wide meta-analysis of newborns. Nature communications 205 26861414
2002 A mouse serine protease TESP5 is selectively included into lipid rafts of sperm membrane presumably as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 104 11861648
2009 The glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored serine protease PRSS21 (testisin) imparts murine epididymal sperm cell maturation and fertilizing ability. Biology of reproduction 79 19571264
2014 Long-term expression of human contextual fear and extinction memories involves amygdala, hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex: a reinstatement study in two independent samples. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 71 24493848
1999 Restoration of vision I: neurobiological mechanisms of restoration and plasticity after brain damage - a review. Restorative neurology and neuroscience 65 12671232
2010 Mice lacking two sperm serine proteases, ACR and PRSS21, are subfertile, but the mutant sperm are infertile in vitro. Biology of reproduction 64 20484738
2020 Epigenomes of Human Hearts Reveal New Genetic Variants Relevant for Cardiac Disease and Phenotype. Circulation research 63 32529949
2008 Reduced fertility of mouse epididymal sperm lacking Prss21/Tesp5 is rescued by sperm exposure to uterine microenvironment. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 60 18754795
2001 Human tryptase epsilon (PRSS22), a new member of the chromosome 16p13.3 family of human serine proteases expressed in airway epithelial cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 57 11602603
2013 The genetic component of Brugada syndrome. Frontiers in physiology 56 23874304
2007 The epigenome of testicular germ cell tumors. APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 53 18042148
2015 The Soil Microbiota Harbors a Diversity of Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing β-Lactamases of Potential Clinical Relevance. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 49 26482314
2007 Comparison of microsatellite length polymorphism and multilocus sequence typing for DNA-Based typing of Candida albicans. Journal of clinical microbiology 46 17928418
2006 Multilocus sequence typing for analyses of clonality of Candida albicans strains in Taiwan. Journal of clinical microbiology 41 16757617
2017 Complementary Critical Functions of Zfy1 and Zfy2 in Mouse Spermatogenesis and Reproduction. PLoS genetics 40 28114340
2005 Hypermethylation of the 5' CpG island of the gene encoding the serine protease Testisin promotes its loss in testicular tumorigenesis. British journal of cancer 40 15685234
2000 Localization, expression and genomic structure of the gene encoding the human serine protease testisin. Biochimica et biophysica acta 39 11004480
2001 Organization and chromosomal localization of the murine Testisin gene encoding a serine protease temporally expressed during spermatogenesis. European journal of biochemistry 34 11231276
1998 Cloning and tissue distribution of a novel serine protease esp-1 from human eosinophils. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 31 9826525
2011 Characterization of fecal indicator bacteria in sediments cores from the largest freshwater lake of Western Europe (Lake Geneva, Switzerland). Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 30 22209635
2019 Fluoride Interferes with the Sperm Fertilizing Ability via Downregulated SPAM1, ACR, and PRSS21 Expression in Rat Epididymis. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 29 31008594
2008 Pseudomonas panipatensis sp. nov., isolated from an oil-contaminated site. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 29 18523175
2019 Genome-wide association study for age at puberty in young Nelore bulls. Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie 25 31515857
2018 Epidermal Fatty Acid-Binding Protein: A Novel Marker in the Diagnosis of Dry Eye Disease in Sjögren Syndrome. International journal of molecular sciences 22 30400384
2019 Biological changes in C57BL/6 mice following 3 weeks of inhalation exposure to cigarette smoke or e-vapor aerosols. Inhalation toxicology 21 30849254
2010 Stored-product insects carry antibiotic-resistant and potentially virulent enterococci. FEMS microbiology ecology 21 20735478
1999 Structural analysis of esp-1 gene (PRSS 21). Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20 10600542
2010 Renin angiotensin system gene polymorphisms modify angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors' effect on cognitive function: the health, aging and body composition study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 19 20722844
2023 Ocular surface immune cell diversity in dry eye disease. Indian journal of ophthalmology 18 37026254
2022 Relationship Between CNVs and Immune Cells Infiltration in Gastric Tumor Microenvironment. Frontiers in genetics 18 35754804
2019 PRSS21/testisin inhibits ovarian tumor metastasis and antagonizes proangiogenic angiopoietins ANG2 and ANGPTL4. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) 18 30911775
2018 The serine protease testisin is present on the surface of capacitated stallion spermatozoa and interacts with key zona pellucida binding proteins. Andrology 16 30549223
1997 The use of the BTA Test in the detection of persistent or recurrent transitional-cell cancer of the bladder. World journal of urology 16 9144899
2024 AI models predicting breast cancer distant metastasis using LightGBM with clinical blood markers and ultrasound maximum diameter. Scientific reports 15 38969798
2018 Feline dry eye syndrome of presumed neurogenic origin: a case report. JFMS open reports 15 29318025
1998 No induction of chromosome aberrations in human spermatozoa exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. Mutation research 15 9630495
2020 Fertility Relevance Probability Analysis Shortlists Genetic Markers for Male Fertility Impairment. Cytogenetic and genome research 14 33238277
2003 Cloning, expression analysis, and tissue distribution of esp-1/testisin, a membrane-type serine protease from the rat. The journal of medical investigation : JMI 14 12630572
2018 Transcription and regulation of hepatitis B virus genes in host sperm cells. Asian journal of andrology 13 29111540
2018 Tiled array-based sequencing identifies enrichment of loss-of-function variants in the highly homologous filaggrin gene in African-American children with severe atopic dermatitis. Experimental dermatology 13 29791750
2024 Spem2, a novel testis-enriched gene, is required for spermiogenesis and fertilization in mice. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 12 38421455
2021 Gastrointestinal Goblet Cell Adenocarcinomas Harbor Distinctive Clinicopathological, Immune, and Genomic Landscape. Frontiers in oncology 11 34804955
2020 In Search of TGCT Biomarkers: A Comprehensive In Silico and Histopathological Analysis. Disease markers 11 33224314
2022 Effects of low and high intensity interval training exercises on VO2max and components of neuromuscular and vascular system in male volunteers. Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions 10 36046991
2018 Comparison of the efficacy of 0.03% tacrolimus eye drops diluted in olive oil and linseed oil for the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs. Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia 9 29995121
2021 Pseudomonas nicosulfuronedens sp. nov., a nicosulfuron degrading bacterium, isolated from a microbial consortium. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 8 33411665
2005 Identification of a subgroup of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored tryptases. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 7 16143303
2024 Development and validation of an artificial intelligence model for predicting de novo distant bone metastasis in breast cancer: a dual-center study. BMC women's health 6 39098907
2022 A Role of the TEX101 Interactome in the Common Aetiology Behind Male Subfertility and Testicular Germ Cell Tumor. Frontiers in oncology 6 35774118
2020 Genetic Profiles Affect the Biological Effects of Serine on Gastric Cancer Cells. Frontiers in pharmacology 6 32848786
2000 Preventive effect of 2 and 10 mg of sodium cromoglycate on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. European journal of pediatrics 5 11039131
2025 ACP-ESM2: Enhancing Anticancer Peptide Prediction With Pre-Trained Protein Language Models. IEEE transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics 4 40811365
2023 Association of Central Auditory Processing Dysfunction With Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 4 36939433
2023 Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Tissue Biomarker Analysis: A Comparison of Human Protein Atlas and Individual Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Component Immunohistochemistry. Cells 4 37508506
2022 Structural and Functional Evaluation of Meibomian Glands and Its Correlation With Dry Eye Parameters in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. American journal of ophthalmology 4 35288074
2021 Development of New PCR Assay with SYBR Green I for Detection of Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma, and Ureaplasma sp. in Cell Cultures. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 4 34068904
2020 Testisin/Prss21 deficiency causes increased vascular permeability and a hemorrhagic phenotype during luteal angiogenesis. PloS one 4 32511276
2010 [Correlation of the methylation status of CpG islands in the promoter region of 10 genes with the 5-Fu chemosensitivity in 3 breast cancer cell lines]. Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi [Chinese journal of oncology] 4 20723428
2024 MoRF_ESM: Prediction of MoRFs in disordered proteins based on a deep transformer protein language model. Journal of bioinformatics and computational biology 3 38812466
2023 Comparison of topical 0.03% tacrolimus and homologous injectable platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs. Veterinary world 3 36855346
2018 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate measured using microhemagglutination is not elevated in monoclonal gammopathy compared with other diseases. International journal of laboratory hematology 3 29791075
2025 Injectable homologous platelet-rich plasma, alone or in combination with oral omega-3 supplementation, for treating keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs. Veterinary world 2 40584132
2025 hERG-LTN: A New Paradigm for hERG Cardiotoxicity Prediction Using Neuro-Symbolic and Generative AI. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference 2 41336184
2021 Pseudomonas schmalbachii sp. nov., isolated from the gut of a millipede (Trigoniulus corallinus) from a coconut tree. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 2 34705625
2019 Nerve growth factor in dogs: Assessment of two immunoassays and selected ocular parameters following a nicergoline challenge per os. Veterinary ophthalmology 2 31774231
2009 Evaluation of enterococcal surface protein genes as markers of sewage contamination in tropical recreational waters. Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research 2 19587423
2000 [Reproducibility in induced sputum in children with asthma]. Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany) 1 10865471
2026 Intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics for the pretreatment prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in rhabdomyosarcoma: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Insights into imaging 0 41492040
2026 Conjunctival transforming growth factor-β2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca: Baseline alterations, clinical associations, and response to 0.2% cyclosporine therapy. Veterinary world 0 41822564
2026 Investigating the role of FKBP4 in testis germ cell tumor via integrated in silico approach. In silico pharmacology 0 41858337
2026 Anticancer effects of salidroside on ovarian cancer carcinogenesis and molecular mechanism in mice. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 0 41895063
2025 A multi-analyte liquid biopsy approach for nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors: combining cfDNA and N-glycan analysis in blood and seminal plasma. Cancer cell international 0 40646570
2025 Identification of Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Sites on the Influenza A (H1N1) Viral Genome Using Gradient Boosting and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Models. ACS omega 0 41280851
2023 A Greater Increase in Complement C5a Receptor 1 Level at Onset and a Smaller Decrease in Immunoglobulin G Level after Recovery in Severer Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: A New Analysis of Existing Data with a New Two-Tailed t-Test. Biology 0 37759576
2023 Phenotypic and genomic characterization of a non-pathogenic Epilithonimonas ginsengisoli isolated from diseased farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Chile. Journal of fish diseases 0 38031399

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