Affinage

NRF1

Nuclear respiratory factor 1 · UniProt Q16656

Audit flag: wrong gene
Length
503 aa
Mass
53.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 46 papers cited in narrative 46 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

NRF1 (NFE2L1) is a CNC-bZIP transcription factor that serves as a master regulator of cellular proteostasis and redox/mitochondrial homeostasis, indispensable in vivo for hepatocyte survival and antioxidant defense where Nrf2 cannot substitute (PMID:18826952, PMID:12968018, PMID:12808106). Its central function is the proteasome "bounce-back" response: NRF1 transcribes the full complement of 26S proteasome subunit genes, an output that requires DDI2-mediated proteolytic cleavage of the ER-anchored precursor to a nuclear-active form (PMID:27528193, PMID:27676297), heterodimerization with small Maf proteins at CsMBEs (PMID:35129372), and the TIP60/RUVBL1 chromatin-regulatory complex as a coactivator at proteasome promoters (PMID:30559296). When proteasomal capacity is exceeded, NRF1 broadens proteostatic output by inducing aggrephagy and autophagy-lysosomal genes including p62/SQSTM1 and GABARAPL1 (PMID:37658135, PMID:38656405), and in stressed macrophages it drives proteasomal degradation of ubiquitinated mitochondrial proteins to restrain inflammation (PMID:39325625). NRF1 also selectively activates ARE-driven cytoprotective genes that Nrf2 cannot fully cover — MT1/MT2, PRDX3/5, XPC, and the ERAD factor Herpud1 — while occupying AREs of metabolic genes (xCT, fatty-acid genes) to repress them basally in a two-step switch with Nrf2 (PMID:18826952, PMID:21051700, PMID:22500024, PMID:25637874, PMID:25092871). A parallel role is mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control: NRF1 binds promoters of respiratory-chain and mitophagy genes (FUNDC1) in cooperation with PGC-1α/β and ERRα and sustains the NRF1–TFAM axis (PMID:20561910, PMID:33554448, PMID:33177163). NRF1 activity is tuned by an extensive post-translational network: KEAP1 binds its Neh2-like domain and stabilizes it (opposite to its effect on NRF2) (PMID:29255090); SIAH2 ubiquitinates K230 for hypoxic degradation (PMID:30833558); OGT O-GlcNAcylates the PEST2 degron to destabilize it (PMID:29941490, PMID:26231763); TBK1 phosphorylates Ser318 to inactivate the NRF1–TFAM axis during viral infection (PMID:37409632); HDAC3-controlled acetylation at K105/K139 governs its interaction with NF-κB p65 (PMID:39198723); and an SCF-FBS2/ARIH1/UBE2L3 system builds atypical oxyester-linked ubiquitin chains on N-GlcNAc residues to block DDI2 cleavage (PMID:39116872). Through these activities NRF1 governs additional physiological programs including β-cell glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (PMID:25556857), adipogenesis suppression via PPARγ2 repression (PMID:31931283), spermatogenesis (PMID:28754714), and cardiac regeneration/protection (PMID:34489413), and it acts as a chromatin tethering/recruitment factor for ncPRC1.3, LSD1-ERRα, and the androgen receptor (PMID:34637754, PMID:29968728, PMID:24466341).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 2003 High

    Established that NRF1 has an essential, non-redundant role in antioxidant defense and hepatocyte survival, distinguishing it from its paralog NRF2.

    Evidence Nrf1/Nrf2 double-knockout mice and Nrf1 chimera analysis with oxidative stress and antioxidant gene readouts

    PMID:12808106 PMID:12968018

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the direct transcriptional targets responsible for survival
    • Molecular basis of NRF1/NRF2 non-redundancy unresolved
  2. 2008 High

    Identified the first ARE genes that exclusively depend on NRF1 (MT1/MT2), showing NRF2 cannot substitute and giving a molecular handle on NRF1-specific transactivation.

    Evidence Hepatocyte-specific conditional knockout, MT1 ARE reporter and binding assays

    PMID:18826952

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not explain why NRF2 fails to occupy these AREs
    • Cofactor requirements at MT AREs unknown
  3. 2011 Medium

    Began defining NRF1's redox target repertoire and its proteasome-regulated turnover, linking ubiquitination/N-terminal processing to generation of the active form.

    Evidence Proteasome-inhibitor stabilization, ubiquitination IP, pulse-chase half-life, and PRDX3/5 promoter reporters

    PMID:21051700 PMID:22216197

    Open questions at the time
    • Protease responsible for N-terminal processing not yet identified
    • Selectivity for PRDX3/5 over PRDX2/4 unexplained
  4. 2014 High

    Revealed that NRF1 not only activates but also basally represses metabolic AREs, operating with NRF2 as a two-step stress switch.

    Evidence Inducible liver-specific knockout with ARE occupancy and metabolic profiling

    PMID:25092871

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of NRF1-to-NRF2 displacement at shared AREs not defined
    • Coregulators distinguishing repression vs activation unknown
  5. 2015 Medium

    Connected NRF1 to nutrient and growth signaling and ER-stress proteostasis, showing mTORC1 drives NRF1-dependent proteasome gene expression and NRF1 directly activates Herpud1.

    Evidence TSC-null/rapamycin cells with proteasome assays; Herpud1 ChIP and ARE reporter in Nrf1-KO cells

    PMID:25637874 PMID:26017155

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular link between mTORC1 and NRF1 processing not established
    • Whether mTORC1 acts on cleavage, stability, or activity unclear
  6. 2016 High

    Identified DDI2 as the protease that cleaves NRF1 to its active form, defining the proteolytic activation step of the proteasome bounce-back response.

    Evidence DDI2 deletion lines with protease-dead add-back rescue and proteasome readouts

    PMID:27528193 PMID:27676297

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of DDI2 substrate recognition not defined
    • How proteasome impairment licenses cleavage versus degradation unclear
  7. 2017 High

    Showed KEAP1 stabilizes NRF1 rather than degrading it, inverting the canonical KEAP1-NRF2 logic and mapping the degron determinants.

    Evidence Isogenic KEAP1+/+ vs -/- lines with domain-swap and systematic DLG-ETGE mutagenesis

    PMID:29255090

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of KEAP1 stabilization on NRF1 output not fully defined
    • Whether KEAP1 sequesters NRF1 at the ER unresolved
  8. 2018 High

    Established multiple post-translational controls and physiological roles: SIAH2-mediated hypoxic degradation at K230, OGT/HCF-1 O-GlcNAc destabilization required for proteasome induction, and BAT thermogenic/insulin-sensitizing function via proteasome induction.

    Evidence K230 ubiquitination mutagenesis and tumor models; OGT IP-MS, inhibition and xenografts; BAT-specific KO with cold exposure and PA28α rescue

    PMID:26231763 PMID:29400713 PMID:29941490 PMID:30833558

    Open questions at the time
    • Crosstalk among SIAH2, OGT, and DDI2 inputs not integrated
    • Tissue specificity of each modification not mapped
  9. 2019 Medium

    Broadened NRF1 beyond proteostasis: aggrephagy gene activation under proteasome failure, isoform-specific target control, adipogenesis suppression via PPARγ2, and chromatin-tethering for ncPRC1.3 and LSD1-ERRα.

    Evidence RNA-seq with NRF1 KD and p62 puncta assays; tetracycline-inducible isoform expression; isoform KD/OE with PPARγ2 reporter; ChIP recruitment studies

    PMID:29968728 PMID:30814566 PMID:31931283 PMID:34637754 PMID:37658135

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for isoform-specific (Nrf1γ dominant-negative) behavior unknown
    • How NRF1 is redirected to non-proteostasis chromatin contexts unclear
  10. 2022 Medium

    Defined the transcriptional machinery of NRF1: heterodimerization with MafG at CsMBEs and dependence on the TIP60/RUVBL1 coactivator complex at proteasome promoters.

    Evidence Tethered Nrf1-MafG in sMaf triple-KO cells with ChIP-seq/RNA-seq; RNAi screen plus ChIP co-recruitment of Nrf1/RUVBL1/TIP60

    PMID:30559296 PMID:35129372

    Open questions at the time
    • Order of MafG dimerization versus TIP60 recruitment unknown
    • Whether these requirements extend to non-proteasome targets untested
  11. 2023 High

    Revealed signaling control of the NRF1-TFAM mitochondrial axis by TBK1 phosphorylation at Ser318 during viral infection, coupling NRF1 inactivation to innate immune activation.

    Evidence TBK1-NRF1 interaction, Ser318 mapping and phospho-mimic knock-in mice with mtDNA release assays

    PMID:37409632

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Ser318 phosphorylation affects cleavage/localization or only activity unclear
    • Phosphatase reversing this mark not identified
  12. 2024 High

    Resolved an atypical ubiquitin-based brake on NRF1 activation and expanded its quality-control roles, showing SCF-FBS2/ARIH1/UBE2L3 oxyester chains on N-GlcNAc block DDI2 cleavage, and NRF1 governs autophagy-lysosomal and mitochondrial-protein degradation.

    Evidence In vitro reconstitution of N-GlcNAc oxyester ubiquitination with cellular activation assays; NRF1-KO autophagy/aggresome assays; NRF1-KO macrophage LPS/proteasome flux models; HDAC3-NRF1 acetylation mutagenesis

    PMID:38656405 PMID:39116872 PMID:39198723 PMID:39325625

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological contexts where the FBS2-ARIH1 brake dominates over DDI2 cleavage unknown
    • Interplay of acetylation (K105/K139) with other modifications not integrated

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the diverse upstream modifications (cleavage, glycosylation, ubiquitination, phosphorylation, acetylation) are integrated to set NRF1 abundance and target-gene selectivity across tissues remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking modification state to which gene programs NRF1 selects
  • No high-resolution structure of active nuclear NRF1 on DNA with cofactors
  • Quantitative hierarchy among competing E3 ligases and DDI2 not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003677 DNA binding 4 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 4
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 3 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 3 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 3 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 2
Partners
ARDDI2KEAP1MAFGOGTRUVBL1SIAH2TBK1
Complex memberships
LSD1-ERRα complexTIP60 complexncPRC1.3

Evidence

Reading pass · 46 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2008 Hepatocyte-specific knockout of Nrf1 causes liver damage resembling non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and while Nrf2 is activated compensatorily, it cannot fully substitute for Nrf1. Nrf1, but not Nrf2, preferentially transactivates the metallothionein-1 and -2 (MT1/MT2) ARE, identifying MT1/MT2 as the first ARE-dependent genes that exclusively rely on Nrf1. Hepatocyte-specific Nrf1 conditional knockout mice; gene expression analysis; reporter gene assays with MT1 ARE; ARE binding assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 18826952
2003 Loss of both Nrf1 and Nrf2 causes early embryonic lethality (E9-10) with extensive apoptosis and severe oxidative stress, including elevated ROS and impaired antioxidant gene expression; single mutants survive longer, demonstrating overlapping but non-redundant functions in antioxidant defense. Double-knockout mouse generation; ROS measurement; antioxidant gene expression analysis; reduced-oxygen rescue experiments The Journal of biological chemistry High 12968018
2003 Nrf1 is essential specifically for the hepatocyte lineage; chimera analysis showed Nrf1-deficient cells fail to contribute to adult liver but not other tissues. Loss of Nrf1 causes hepatocyte apoptosis associated with increased oxidative stress, impaired antioxidant gene expression, and sensitization to TNF-mediated cytotoxicity. Chimeric mouse analysis; primary hepatocyte culture; oxidative stress assays; tert-butyl hydroperoxide and TNF challenge Molecular and cellular biology High 12808106
2005 Nrf1 and Nrf2 regulate rat glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) transcription indirectly by modulating the expression of AP-1 (c-Jun, c-Fos) and NF-κB (p50, p65) family members, rather than directly through ARE binding, since the rat GCLC promoter lacks an ARE. Nrf1/Nrf2 null fibroblasts; luciferase reporter assays with mutated AP-1/NF-κB sites; Fra-1 antisense and overexpression; nuclear binding activity assays Molecular and cellular biology High 15988009
2016 The aspartyl protease DDI2 (DNA-damage inducible 1 homolog 2) is required to cleave and activate Nrf1 in response to proteasome inhibition. Deletion of DDI2 reduces the cleaved form of Nrf1 and increases uncleaved cytosolic Nrf1, impairing proteasome upregulation; protease-dead DDI2 cannot rescue this defect. DDI2 deletion cell lines; immunoblot for Nrf1 forms; proteasome activity assays; add-back of wild-type vs. protease-defective DDI2 eLife High 27528193
2015 mTORC1 signaling activates NRF1 to increase cellular proteasome levels. Loss of the TSC tumor suppressors (activating mTORC1) or physiological mTORC1 activation by growth factors/feeding stimulates NRF1-dependent transcription of proteasome subunit genes, increasing proteasome content to maintain proteostasis. TSC knockout cells; mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) treatment; NRF1 knockdown; proteasome content and activity measurement Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) Medium 26017155
2018 Cold exposure induces Nrf1 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increase proteasomal activity; brown-adipocyte-specific deletion of Nrf1 results in ER stress, tissue inflammation, diminished mitochondrial function, and whitening of BAT. Exogenous Nrf1 or proteasome activator PA28α in BAT improved insulin sensitivity in obese mice. BAT-specific Nrf1 conditional knockout; cold-exposure model; proteasome activity assays; Nrf1 adenoviral overexpression; PA28α treatment in obese mice Nature medicine High 29400713
2018 NGLY1 (N-glycanase 1) regulates mitochondrial homeostasis through NRF1; NGLY1-deficient cells show impaired mitophagy, fragmented mitochondria, and chronic innate immune activation. Pharmacological activation of NRF2 (a non-glycosylated homolog) restores mitochondrial homeostasis in NGLY1-deficient cells. NGLY1 knockout human and mouse cells; mitophagy assays; cGAS-STING and MDA5-MAVS pathway measurement; NRF2 pharmacological activation rescue The Journal of experimental medicine Medium 30135079
2018 SIAH2 (hypoxia-activated E3 ligase) degrades NRF1 (Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1) via ubiquitination at lysine 230, reducing nuclear-encoded mitochondrial gene expression and promoting the Warburg effect and pro-tumor immune response in breast cancers. Ubiquitination site mutagenesis (K230); co-immunoprecipitation; in vivo tumor models; TAM polarization assays Nature communications High 30833558
2017 KEAP1 binds to the Neh2-like (Neh2L) domain of NRF1 and stabilizes it, in contrast to its role in mediating NRF2 degradation. Swapping NRF1's Neh2L with NRF2's Neh2 domain renders NRF1 sensitive to KEAP1-mediated degradation; systematic mutagenesis showed that correct DLG-ETGE spacing plus specific flanking amino acids are required for KEAP1-mediated degradation. Isogenic KEAP1+/+ vs KEAP1-/- cell lines; domain-swap mutagenesis; site-directed mutagenesis; immunoblot for protein stability The Journal of biological chemistry High 29255090
2000 NRF1 physically interacts with dynein light chain (DLC), requiring the first 26 amino acids of NRF1. NRF1 and DLC co-localize in the nucleus with a similar staining pattern. The Drosophila ortholog EWG (erect wing) also interacts with DLC and can transactivate through NRF1 binding sites, showing conservation of this interaction. Yeast two-hybrid screen; chemical crosslinking of purified native proteins; co-immunoprecipitation from mammalian cells; immunolocalization/confocal imaging; EWG transactivation assay on NRF1 binding sites Journal of cell science High 11069771
2014 Liver-specific Nrf1 knockout mice show upregulation of xCT (cystine/glutamate antiporter) and multiple fatty acid metabolism genes, revealing that Nrf1 normally suppresses these genes under homeostatic conditions by occupying their AREs; under severe stress, Nrf1 is displaced while Nrf2 is recruited, functioning as a two-step switch. Inducible liver-specific Nrf1 knockout (CYP1A1-Cre); hepatic fatty acid composition analysis; glutathione measurement; gene expression analysis; ARE occupancy analysis Molecular and cellular biology High 25092871
2018 O-GlcNAcylation catalyzed by OGT (O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase) stabilizes NRF1 and is essential for NRF1-dependent upregulation of proteasome subunit genes. OGT and HCF-1 form a complex with NRF1 (identified by immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry). OGT inhibition sensitizes cancer cells to proteasome inhibitors in vitro and in xenograft models. Immunoprecipitation + mass spectrometry; OGT inhibition; xenograft mouse model; proteasome subunit gene expression Molecular and cellular biology High 29941490
2015 O-GlcNAcylation by OGT negatively regulates Nrf1/TCF11, reducing both protein stability and transactivation activity. The PEST2 degron sequence within Nrf1 is the site of O-GlcNAcylation; OGT overexpression promotes Nrf1 ubiquitination and turnover. Co-immunoprecipitation to show Nrf1-OGT interaction; O-GlcNAcylation assay; PEST2 domain mapping; ubiquitination assay; protein stability measurement FEBS letters Medium 26231763
2016 Nrf1 can be proteolytically processed and activated in a proteasome-independent manner: when all three active sites of the proteasome are completely blocked, p120 Nrf1 is still cleaved to the transcriptionally active p110 form, which enters the nucleus and activates proteasome subunit genes. Complete proteasome active-site inhibition; immunoblot for Nrf1 forms (p120, p110); nuclear translocation assay; PSM gene reporter Current biology : CB Medium 27676297
2011 Nrf1 is ubiquitinated and regulated by the 26S proteasome: proteasome inhibition stabilizes full-length Nrf1, increases its ubiquitination, and decreases a 23 kDa N-terminal fragment, suggesting the proteasome processes Nrf1 to its active form by removing its inhibitory N-terminal ER-anchoring domain. Nrf1 has a half-life of ~5 hours. Hypoxia (1% O2) activates Nrf1 reporter activity while decreasing the repressor p65 isoform. Protein phosphatase inhibition (okadaic acid) activates, and PKC inhibition (staurosporine) represses, Nrf1 reporter activity. Proteasome inhibitor treatment; immunoprecipitation for ubiquitination; pulse-chase for half-life; EpRE-luciferase reporter; hypoxia treatment PloS one Medium 22216197
2009 MCRS2 physically interacts with Nrf1 via its CNC-bZIP domain (residues 354–447 of Nrf1; residues 314–475 of MCRS2) and acts as a transcriptional repressor of Nrf1-mediated transactivation. MCRS2 co-localizes with Nrf1 in the nucleus without altering Nrf1 distribution. Yeast two-hybrid screening; GST pull-down assay; co-immunoprecipitation; immunofluorescence colocalization; luciferase reporter assays; domain mapping BMC cell biology Medium 19187526
2019 PGC-1β promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in myotubes via direct interaction with NRF-1 and ERRα. Deletion or mutation of NRF-1 binding sites in target gene promoters (cytochrome c, ATP synthase β, ALAS-1) attenuates PGC-1β-mediated activation. siRNA knockdown of NRF-1 ablates PGC-1β mitochondrial function. Promoter deletion/mutation reporter assays; siRNA knockdown of NRF-1; co-immunoprecipitation of PGC-1β with NRF-1; mitochondrial respiration measurement Mitochondrion Medium 20561910
2021 PGC-1α and NRF1 transcriptionally upregulate FUNDC1 (a mitophagy receptor) by NRF1 binding to the consensus NRF1 site in the Fundc1 promoter; this coupling coordinates mitochondrial biogenesis with mitophagy. Fundc1-specific BAT knockout shows reduced mitochondrial turnover, accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, and impaired adaptive thermogenesis. ChIP for NRF1 at Fundc1 promoter; promoter reporter assay; BAT-specific Fundc1 knockout; mitochondrial function assays; thermogenesis phenotyping EMBO reports High 33554448
2020 ATF4 represses NRF1 transcriptional activity by binding to the NRF1 promoter, disrupting the NRF1-TFAM axis and impairing mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory function in alcoholic hepatitis. Hepatocyte-specific ATF4 knockout restores NRF1 and TFAM expression and attenuates alcohol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Hepatocyte-specific ATF4 KO mice; liver-specific TFAM overexpression mice; promoter binding studies; mitochondrial function assays; patient liver validation Gut High 33177163
2019 NRF1 has a novel role in the brain as an integral component of non-canonical PRC1 complexes (ncPRC1.3). NRF1 is required for recruitment of ncPRC1.3 to chromatin for transcriptional activation of developmental genes; absence of AUTS2 or mutations in its HX domain impair P300 interaction and cause misregulation of NRF1-dependent developmental genes, curtailing motor neuron differentiation. Mouse ES cell differentiation assays; ChIP for ncPRC1.3 components; human mutation analysis; motor neuron differentiation readouts Molecular cell Medium 34637754
2014 Nrf1 physically interacts with the androgen receptor (AR) and enhances AR's DNA-binding activity, functioning as a coactivator of AR transactivation. The p65-Nrf1 isoform promotes AR transactivation, while the p120-Nrf1 isoform (induced by Nrf2) suppresses it. siRNA silencing of Nrf1 attenuates AR transactivation; p65-Nrf1 overexpression enhances it. Co-immunoprecipitation of Nrf1 with AR; Nrf1 isoform-specific siRNA; p65-Nrf1 overexpression; AR DNA-binding assay; ARE/androgen response element reporter PloS one Medium 24466341
2004 Alpha-Pal/NRF-1 binds to a specific element in the IAP/CD47 gene core promoter and transactivates it. Supershift assays confirmed NRF-1 binding; overexpression of dominant-negative NRF-1 reduces IAP promoter activity both in human cell lines and primary mouse cortical cells. Gel EMSA; supershift with anti-NRF-1 antibody; site-directed mutagenesis; luciferase reporter; dominant-negative NRF-1 overexpression in primary neurons The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 14747477
2015 DNA methylation and NRF1 compete for occupancy at NRF1 binding sites containing CpGs. In unmethylated genomes, NRF1 occupies thousands of additional sites with increased transcription. Restoration of DNA methyltransferase activity causes remethylation at these sites and outcompetes NRF1 binding. Cooperativity with neighbouring TF motifs in cis or a partner TF in trans is required for local hypomethylation to allow NRF1 binding. DNase-I hypersensitivity mapping in methylation-deficient vs. restored mouse stem cells; NRF1 ChIP-seq; de novo methyltransferase add-back; cis-element mutation; trans-TF removal Nature High 26675734
2017 NRF1 cooperates with DNA methylation to directly regulate germ-cell-specific genes including Asz1 during spermatogenesis. Conditional ablation of NRF1 in gonocytes dramatically downregulates germline genes, blocks germ cell proliferation, and causes male infertility in mice. Gonocyte-specific NRF1 conditional knockout; gene expression analysis; germline gene promoter analysis; fertility phenotyping FASEB journal Medium 28754714
2012 Nrf1 promotes nucleotide excision repair (NER) by maintaining glutathione homeostasis, which enhances transcription of the NER initiation factor XPC. Nrf1 loss sensitizes keratinocytes to UVB-induced apoptosis through glutathione reduction and consequent Bik upregulation. Supplementing glutathione or XPC restores NER capacity in Nrf1-inhibited cells. Nrf1 knockdown in keratinocytes; UVB irradiation; NER assay; XPC promoter reporter; glutathione measurement; Bik knockdown rescue; mouse skin UVB model The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 22500024
2015 Nrf1 is essential for regulating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in β-cells. Nrf1 knockdown in MIN6 cells and β-cell-specific Nrf1 knockout mice show elevated basal insulin release and decreased GSIS, associated with oxidative stress and altered glucose metabolism via induction of hexokinase 1 and suppression of glucokinase. β-cell-specific Nrf1 knockout mice; stable Nrf1 knockdown in MIN6 cells; GSIS assay; glucose metabolic enzyme expression; oxidative stress measurement Antioxidants & redox signaling High 25556857
2015 Nrf1 transcriptionally activates Herpud1 (an ER-associated degradation protein) through antioxidant response elements in the Herpud1 promoter, as shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Loss of Nrf1 results in decreased Herpud1 expression and abolished ER stress-induced Herpud1 upregulation. Nrf1 knockout cells; Herpud1 promoter ARE transactivation assay; chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP); ER stress induction FEBS letters Medium 25637874
2019 NRF1 activates p62/SQSTM1 and GABARAPL1 transcription (aggrephagy genes) in response to proteasome dysfunction. NRF1 is required for p62-positive puncta formation, colocalization with ULK1 and TBK1, and phosphorylation of p62 at Ser403. NRF1 thus induces aggrephagy as a compensatory response when proteasomal activity is impaired. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis after proteasome inhibition; NRF1 knockdown; p62 puncta immunofluorescence; TBK1/ULK1 colocalization; p62 Ser403 phosphorylation assay Scientific reports Medium 37658135
2024 Nrf1 transcriptionally upregulates multiple autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) genes in response to proteasome inhibition. Nrf1-deficient cells display profound defects in autophagy and aggresome clearance; conversely, Nrf1 overexpression induces ALP genes and increases aggresome-clearing capacity. This phenotype is also recapitulated in NGLY1 knockout cells where Nrf1 is non-functional. Nrf1 KO and NGLY1 KO cell lines; autophagy flux assays; aggresome clearance assay; Nrf1 overexpression; proteasome inhibitor treatment The Journal of cell biology Medium 38656405
2022 NRF1-mediated transcription requires the TIP60 chromatin-regulatory complex. RUVBL1 (an AAA+ ATPase component of TIP60) is necessary for Nrf1 transcriptional activity; Nrf1, RUVBL1, and TIP60 are co-recruited to proteasome gene promoters after proteasome inhibitor treatment. Depletion of RUVBL1 or TIP60 in cancer cells sensitizes them to proteasome-inhibitor-induced cell death. RNAi screen; ChIP for Nrf1/RUVBL1/TIP60 at proteasome gene promoters; TIP60/RUVBL1 depletion; cell viability assay with proteasome inhibitors The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 30559296
2022 Nrf1 heterodimerizes with MafG (a small Maf protein) and the Nrf1-MafG heterodimer activates proteasome subunit genes and broader proteostasis genes (ERAD, chaperone, ubiquitin-degradation pathways) through CNC-sMaf-binding elements (CsMBEs). Transposable SINE B2 repeats harbor CsMBEs and contribute to target gene diversity. Tethered Nrf1-MafG heterodimer in small Maf triple-KO fibroblasts; ChIP-seq; RNA-seq; CsMBE motif analysis Molecular and cellular biology Medium 35129372
2019 Distinct Nrf1 isoforms (Nrf1α, Nrf1β, Nrf1γ) regulate different subsets of target genes. Nrf1α and Nrf1β are the dominant activators of ARE-driven genes (>90% of DEGs). Nrf1γ regulates far fewer genes and acts primarily as a dominant-negative inhibitor counteracting Nrf1α/β activity on proteasomal subunit genes and other targets. Tetracycline-inducible stable expression of each isoform in Flp-In T-REx cells; RNA-sequencing; quantitative RT-PCR validation Scientific reports Medium 30814566
2019 Long isoforms of NRF1 (L-NRF1, 741/742 aa) negatively regulate adipogenesis by suppressing transcription of PPARγ2, the master regulator of adipogenesis. Short NRF1 isoforms lack this function; overexpression of L-NRF1-741 attenuates adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Adipocyte-specific Nrf1 KO mice; lentiviral shRNA KD of long/short isoforms; L-NRF1-741 overexpression; PPARγ2 promoter reporter; adipogenic differentiation assays Redox biology Medium 31931283
2023 Virus-activated kinase TBK1 phosphorylates NRF1 at Ser318, triggering inactivation of the NRF1-TFAM axis during HSV-1 infection, thereby promoting mitochondrial damage, mtDNA release, and innate immune activation. A Ser318 knock-in model that mimics TBK1 phosphorylation ablates mtDNA release and attenuates the innate response. TBK1-NRF1 interaction studies; phosphorylation site mapping (Ser318); knock-in mouse model; mtDNA release assay; innate immune activation measurement The EMBO journal High 37409632
2024 SCFFBS2 (an N-glycan-recognizing E3 ligase) cooperates with the RBR-type E3 ligase ARIH1 and E2 enzyme UBE2L3 to ubiquitinate Nrf1 through oxyester bonds on N-GlcNAc residues generated by ENGASE. These atypical ubiquitin chains on Nrf1 inhibit DDI2-mediated cleavage and Nrf1 activation. This pathway was reconstituted on glycopeptides in vitro. In vitro reconstitution of polyubiquitination on N-GlcNAc and serine/threonine residues; SCFFBS2-ARIH1-UBE2L3 biochemical assay; Nrf1 activation assay in human cells Molecular cell High 39116872
2019 NRF1 binding to the NRF1 consensus site in the Fundc1 promoter directly regulates StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein) transcription; NRF1 binds two sites on the Star promoter at -1445/-1422 and -44/-19. Knockdown of NRF1 synchronously reduces StAR expression and testosterone production; regulation confirmed by ChIP, EMSA supershift, and mutation assays. Dual-luciferase reporter assay; ChIP; EMSA with supershift; mutation of NRF1-binding sites; NRF1 overexpression/knockdown in hypoxia model The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology Medium 31028793
2019 CDK2 binds to the Ehmt1 promoter via interaction with NRF1 and phosphorylates NRF1 at two distinct serine residues, negatively regulating NRF1 DNA-binding activity in vitro. Induced deletion of Cdk2 in spermatocytes results in increased expression of many NRF1 target genes including Ehmt1, modulating H3K9 methylation during meiotic prophase I. ChIP for CDK2/NRF1 at Ehmt1 promoter; in vitro kinase/phosphorylation assay; CDK2 conditional KO in spermatocytes; NRF1 target gene expression; H3K9 methylation analysis The Journal of cell biology Medium 31350280
2018 LSD1-ERRα transcriptional activation complex requires promoter-bound NRF1 for recruitment to transcription start sites. NRF1 acts as a TSS tethering factor but does not affect LSD1 enzymatic activity; all three factors (NRF1, LSD1, ERRα) are required for H3K9me2 demethylation and cell invasion in an MMP1-dependent manner. ChIP for LSD1/ERRα/NRF1 at target gene TSSs; NRF1 depletion; H3K9 methylation assay; MMP1 expression; cell invasion assay Scientific reports Medium 29968728
2021 Nrf1 is activated in regenerating neonatal cardiomyocytes and its genetic deletion prevents activation of the transcriptional program required for heart regeneration. Nrf1 overexpression protects adult mouse hearts from ischemia/reperfusion injury and human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin toxicity. Protective function involves dual activation of the proteasome and redox balance. Neonatal heart regeneration model; cardiac Nrf1 genetic deletion; Nrf1 overexpression in adult I/R model; iPSC-cardiomyocyte toxicity assay; proteasome and redox activity measurement Nature communications High 34489413
2022 ARMC5 regulates NRF1 protein turnover via ubiquitination; ARMC5 inactivation in adrenocortical cells increases NRF1 half-life and expression of NRF1 target antioxidant genes (SODs, peroxiredoxins), altering steroidogenesis through p38 pathway activation. ARMC5 inactivation in adrenocortical cells; NRF1 ubiquitination assay; NRF1 half-life measurement; antioxidant gene expression; steroidogenesis assay Endocrine-related cancer Medium 36040830
2024 HDAC3 deacetylates NRF1; PTS (pterostilbene) decreases HDAC3 activity, increasing NRF1 acetylation at lysines K105 and K139 in the nucleus. Acetylated NRF1 inhibits its interaction with p65 (NF-κB), reducing neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke. K105R/K139R Nrf1 mutants counteract PTS-mediated protection in the OGD/R microglial injury model. Dual-luciferase reporter assay; co-immunoprecipitation of Nrf1 with p65; Nrf1 acetylation assay; K105R/K139R mutagenesis; MCAO/R mouse model; OGD/R microglial model Cellular & molecular biology letters Medium 39198723
2024 In macrophages exposed to LPS, NRF1 drives increased flux through the ubiquitin proteasome system to degrade ubiquitinated mitochondrial proteins. Absence of NRF1 causes accumulation of ubiquitinated mitochondrial proteins, severe mitochondrial stress, engagement of the ISR-ATF4 axis, and amplified inflammatory responses increasing susceptibility to septic shock. NRF1 KO macrophages; LPS stimulation; proteasome flux measurement; ubiquitinated mitochondrial protein accumulation; ATF4 pathway analysis; septic shock model Cell reports Medium 39325625
2011 NRF1 transactivates the promoters of PRDX3 and PRDX5 (but not PRDX2 or PRDX4) in trabecular meshwork cells; NRF1 knockdown reduces PRDX3 and PRDX5 expression and sensitizes cells to H2O2. Quercetin-induced NRF1 activation requires upstream Nrf2, establishing an Nrf2/NRF1 pathway axis. siRNA knockdown of NRF1; luciferase reporter assay with PRDX3/5 promoters; Western blot; oxidative stress sensitivity assay; Nrf2 knockdown blocking Nrf1 activation Investigative ophthalmology & visual science Medium 21051700
2013 In Drosophila indirect flight muscles, the transcription factor Erect wing (EWG, the Drosophila ortholog of NRF1) directly regulates the mitochondrial inner membrane fusion gene Opa1-like in a spatiotemporal fashion. In Ewg-null muscles, mitochondria undergo mitophagy/autophagy with reduced mitochondrial function and muscle degeneration. EWG expression during early IFM development is sufficient to upregulate Opa1-like for late pupal mitochondrial fusion and muscle maintenance. Drosophila Ewg null mutant IFMs; Opa1-like knockdown in specific developmental windows; mitochondrial morphology imaging; muscle degeneration assay Journal of cell science Medium 24198395
2023 NRF1 directly binds the METTL3 promoter to upregulate METTL3 expression, promoting m6A methylation and IGF2BP2-dependent stability of GLRX (glutaredoxin) mRNA. This NRF1/METTL3/GLRX axis protects against motor dysfunction and dopaminergic neuron degeneration in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice; METTL3 knockdown counteracts NRF1 overexpression benefits. ChIP assay for NRF1 at METTL3 promoter; dual luciferase reporter; RIP (RNA immunoprecipitation); MeRIP for m6A levels; NRF1 OE + METTL3 KD rescue in MPTP mice CNS neuroscience & therapeutics Medium 37735974

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2015 Competition between DNA methylation and transcription factors determines binding of NRF1. Nature 380 26675734
2008 Nrf1 and Nrf2 play distinct roles in activation of antioxidant response element-dependent genes. The Journal of biological chemistry 290 18826952
2003 Deficiency of the Nrf1 and Nrf2 transcription factors results in early embryonic lethality and severe oxidative stress. The Journal of biological chemistry 268 12968018
2005 Nrf1 and Nrf2 regulate rat glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit transcription indirectly via NF-kappaB and AP-1. Molecular and cellular biology 216 15988009
2018 Brown adipose tissue thermogenic adaptation requires Nrf1-mediated proteasomal activity. Nature medicine 167 29400713
2016 The aspartyl protease DDI2 activates Nrf1 to compensate for proteasome dysfunction. eLife 152 27528193
2021 Mitophagy receptor FUNDC1 is regulated by PGC-1α/NRF1 to fine tune mitochondrial homeostasis. EMBO reports 136 33554448
2010 PGC-1 beta-regulated mitochondrial biogenesis and function in myotubes is mediated by NRF-1 and ERR alpha. Mitochondrion 128 20561910
2020 ATF4 activation promotes hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction by repressing NRF1-TFAM signalling in alcoholic steatohepatitis. Gut 127 33177163
2003 Nrf1 is critical for redox balance and survival of liver cells during development. Molecular and cellular biology 125 12808106
2013 Nrf2 and Nrf1 signaling and ER stress crosstalk: implication for proteasomal degradation and autophagy. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 112 23800989
2016 Molecular and cellular basis for the unique functioning of Nrf1, an indispensable transcription factor for maintaining cell homoeostasis and organ integrity. The Biochemical journal 109 27060105
2018 N-glycanase NGLY1 regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and inflammation through NRF1. The Journal of experimental medicine 106 30135079
2021 Nrf1 promotes heart regeneration and repair by regulating proteostasis and redox balance. Nature communications 105 34489413
2022 Nrf1 is an indispensable redox-determining factor for mitochondrial homeostasis by integrating multi-hierarchical regulatory networks. Redox biology 91 36174386
2011 Quercetin induces the expression of peroxiredoxins 3 and 5 via the Nrf2/NRF1 transcription pathway. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 89 21051700
2017 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) differentially regulates nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factors 1 and 2 (NRF1 and NRF2). The Journal of biological chemistry 85 29255090
2020 Alpha-lipoic acid protects against pressure overload-induced heart failure via ALDH2-dependent Nrf1-FUNDC1 signaling. Cell death & disease 78 32732978
2015 mTORC1 signaling activates NRF1 to increase cellular proteasome levels. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 77 26017155
2003 ELAV inhibits 3'-end processing to promote neural splicing of ewg pre-mRNA. Genes & development 77 14522950
2016 Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Influencing NRF1 Regulated Gene Networks in the Development of Complex Human Brain Diseases. International journal of molecular sciences 75 27983596
2019 Endoplasmic reticulum-associated SKN-1A/Nrf1 mediates a cytoplasmic unfolded protein response and promotes longevity. eLife 72 30973820
2018 Essential roles of mitochondrial biogenesis regulator Nrf1 in retinal development and homeostasis. Molecular neurodegeneration 72 30333037
2014 Transcription factor Nrf1 negatively regulates the cystine/glutamate transporter and lipid-metabolizing enzymes. Molecular and cellular biology 70 25092871
2019 The SIAH2-NRF1 axis spatially regulates tumor microenvironment remodeling for tumor progression. Nature communications 69 30833558
2019 Differential and overlapping targets of the transcriptional regulators NRF1, NRF2, and NRF3 in human cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 69 31628195
2015 Changing gears in Nrf1 research, from mechanisms of regulation to its role in disease and prevention. Biochimica et biophysica acta 65 26254094
2016 A small-molecule Nrf1 and Nrf2 activator mitigates polyglutamine toxicity in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Human molecular genetics 61 26962150
2018 O-GlcNAcylation Signal Mediates Proteasome Inhibitor Resistance in Cancer Cells by Stabilizing NRF1. Molecular and cellular biology 59 29941490
2020 Defining the Functional Targets of Cap'n'collar Transcription Factors NRF1, NRF2, and NRF3. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 58 33096892
2015 CNC-bZIP protein Nrf1-dependent regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Antioxidants & redox signaling 57 25556857
2014 Nrf1 and Nrf2 transcription factors regulate androgen receptor transactivation in prostate cancer cells. PloS one 57 24466341
2005 ELAV multimerizes on conserved AU4-6 motifs important for ewg splicing regulation. Molecular and cellular biology 57 16107705
2014 The role of Nrf1 and Nrf2 in the regulation of copper-responsive transcription. Experimental cell research 50 24462598
2023 NRF1-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis antagonizes innate antiviral immunity. The EMBO journal 49 37409632
2023 Regulation and Functions of the ER-Associated Nrf1 Transcription Factor. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology 46 35940907
2000 Dynein light chain interacts with NRF-1 and EWG, structurally and functionally related transcription factors from humans and drosophila. Journal of cell science 45 11069771
2022 LINC00839 promotes colorectal cancer progression by recruiting RUVBL1/Tip60 complexes to activate NRF1. EMBO reports 44 35876654
2021 NRF1 association with AUTS2-Polycomb mediates specific gene activation in the brain. Molecular cell 44 34637754
2022 NRF1-mediated microglial activation triggers high-altitude cerebral edema. Journal of molecular cell biology 43 35704676
2018 Interplay between NRF1, E2F4 and MYC transcription factors regulating common target genes contributes to cancer development and progression. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 43 30047092
2021 Roles of CNC Transcription Factors NRF1 and NRF2 in Cancer. Cancers 42 33535386
2017 NRF1 coordinates with DNA methylation to regulate spermatogenesis. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 42 28754714
2015 Induction of Herpud1 expression by ER stress is regulated by Nrf1. FEBS letters 42 25637874
2018 Nrf1 is paved as a new strategic avenue to prevent and treat cancer, neurodegenerative and other diseases. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 41 30267745
2021 CLTRN, Regulated by NRF1/RAN/DLD Protein Complex, Enhances Radiation Sensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Through Ferroptosis Pathway. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 40 33508374
2012 Nrf1 CNC-bZIP protein promotes cell survival and nucleotide excision repair through maintaining glutathione homeostasis. The Journal of biological chemistry 40 22500024
2004 Alpha-Pal/NRF-1 regulates the promoter of the human integrin-associated protein/CD47 gene. The Journal of biological chemistry 40 14747477
2019 Long isoforms of NRF1 negatively regulate adipogenesis via suppression of PPARγ expression. Redox biology 38 31931283
2025 Neoleukin-2/15-armored CAR-NK cells sustain superior therapeutic efficacy in solid tumors via c-Myc/NRF1 activation. Signal transduction and targeted therapy 37 40025022
2019 TRIM59 expression is regulated by Sp1 and Nrf1 in LPS-activated macrophages through JNK signaling pathway. Cellular signalling 36 31883458
2020 ER-Resident Transcription Factor Nrf1 Regulates Proteasome Expression and Beyond. International journal of molecular sciences 35 32456207
2018 Resistin destroys mitochondrial biogenesis by inhibiting the PGC-1α/ NRF1/TFAM signaling pathway. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 35 30172371
2018 Transcriptional regulation of the 26S proteasome by Nrf1. Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences 35 30305478
2016 TCF11/Nrf1-Mediated Induction of Proteasome Expression Prevents Cytotoxicity by Rotenone. Antioxidants & redox signaling 34 27345029
2013 Drosophila Erect wing (Ewg) controls mitochondrial fusion during muscle growth and maintenance by regulation of the Opa1-like gene. Journal of cell science 33 24198395
2020 The PGC1α/NRF1-MPC1 axis suppresses tumor progression and enhances the sensitivity to sorafenib/doxorubicin treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma. Free radical biology & medicine 32 33276082
2022 Long noncoding RNA LINC01132 enhances immunosuppression and therapy resistance via NRF1/DPP4 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 30 36071454
2020 Nelfinavir Inhibits the TCF11/Nrf1-Mediated Proteasome Recovery Pathway in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers 30 32344880
2017 Effects of NRF1 on steroidogenesis and apoptosis in goat luteinized granulosa cells. Reproduction (Cambridge, England) 30 28624767
2016 Nrf1 can be processed and activated in a proteasome-independent manner. Current biology : CB 30 27676297
2005 A novel function of transcription factor alpha-Pal/NRF-1: increasing neurite outgrowth. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 29 15992771
2024 Sugar-mediated non-canonical ubiquitination impairs Nrf1/NFE2L1 activation. Molecular cell 28 39116872
2023 The transcription factor NRF1 (NFE2L1) activates aggrephagy by inducing p62 and GABARAPL1 after proteasome inhibition to maintain proteostasis. Scientific reports 28 37658135
2022 Multiple myeloma cells depend on the DDI2/NRF1-mediated proteasome stress response for survival. Blood advances 28 34649278
2022 ACEA Attenuates Oxidative Stress by Promoting Mitophagy via CB1R/Nrf1/PINK1 Pathway after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 28 35251464
2015 Transcription factor Nrf1 is negatively regulated by its O-GlcNAcylation status. FEBS letters 28 26231763
2011 The Nrf1 CNC-bZIP protein is regulated by the proteasome and activated by hypoxia. PloS one 28 22216197
2018 Nrf1-mediated transcriptional regulation of the proteasome requires a functional TIP60 complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 30559296
1999 Differential and inefficient splicing of a broadly expressed Drosophila erect wing transcript results in tissue-specific enrichment of the vital EWG protein isoform. Molecular and cellular biology 26 10330140
2023 NRF1 mitigates motor dysfunction and dopamine neuron degeneration in mice with Parkinson's disease by promoting GLRX m6 A methylation through upregulation of METTL3 transcription. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 25 37735974
2022 Curcumin attenuates isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity by upregulating the SIRT1/PGC-1α/NRF1 pathway. Journal of applied toxicology : JAT 25 35032049
2020 NRF-1 and HIF-1α contribute to modulation of human VDAC1 gene promoter during starvation and hypoxia in HeLa cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Bioenergetics 24 32810507
2019 Distinct isoforms of Nrf1 diversely regulate different subsets of its cognate target genes. Scientific reports 24 30814566
2002 Upregulation and activation of the Nrf-1 transcription factor in the lesioned hippocampus. The European journal of neuroscience 24 12059978
2024 Phenylsulfate-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes are ameliorated by Astragaloside IV activation of the SIRT1/PGC1α /Nrf1 signaling pathway. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 23 38901196
2023 The N6-methyladenine DNA demethylase ALKBH1 promotes gastric carcinogenesis by disrupting NRF1 binding capacity. Cell reports 23 36989111
2024 Pterostilbene improves neurological dysfunction and neuroinflammation after ischaemic stroke via HDAC3/Nrf1-mediated microglial activation. Cellular & molecular biology letters 22 39198723
2023 Complementary gene regulation by NRF1 and NRF2 protects against hepatic cholesterol overload. Cell reports 22 37060561
2009 MCRS2 represses the transactivation activities of Nrf1. BMC cell biology 22 19187526
2022 Distinct Roles of Nrf1 and Nrf2 in Monitoring the Reductive Stress Response to Dithiothreitol (DTT). Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 21 36009254
2013 Estradiol and tamoxifen regulate NRF-1 and mitochondrial function in mouse mammary gland and uterus. Journal of molecular endocrinology 20 23892277
2011 ELAV-mediated 3'-end processing of ewg transcripts is evolutionarily conserved despite sequence degeneration of the ELAV-binding site. Genetics 20 21705751
2024 Potential effect of acupuncture on mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism and oxidation stress in MCAO rat via PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM pathway. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 19 38346661
2023 NFE2L1/Nrf1 serves as a potential therapeutical target for neurodegenerative diseases. Redox biology 19 38150994
2022 PGC-1α/NRF1-dependent cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis: A druggable pathway of calycosin against triptolide cardiotoxicity. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 19 36436616
2010 Prolonged Nrf1 overexpression triggers adipocyte inflammation and insulin resistance. Journal of cellular biochemistry 17 21053274
2024 Transcription factor Nrf1 regulates proteotoxic stress-induced autophagy. The Journal of cell biology 16 38656405
2024 Nrf2/NRF1 signaling activation and crosstalk amplify mitochondrial biogenesis in the treatment of triptolide-induced cardiotoxicity using calycosin. Cell biology and toxicology 16 39707073
2019 Transcription regulation of NRF1 on StAR reduces testosterone synthesis in hypoxemic murine. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 16 31028793
2019 Repression of TERRA Expression by Subtelomeric DNA Methylation Is Dependent on NRF1 Binding. International journal of molecular sciences 16 31181625
2019 T-2 toxin upregulates the expression of human cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) by enhancing NRF1 and Sp1 interaction. Toxicology letters 16 31470059
2022 Target Gene Diversity of the Nrf1-MafG Transcription Factor Revealed by a Tethered Heterodimer. Molecular and cellular biology 15 35129372
2018 LSD1-ERRα complex requires NRF1 to positively regulate transcription and cell invasion. Scientific reports 15 29968728
2024 Targeting Immunoproteasome in Polarized Macrophages Ameliorates Experimental Emphysema Via Activating NRF1/2-P62 Axis and Suppressing IRF4 Transcription. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 14 39356034
2022 Spatial Analysis of NQO1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Shows Its Expression Is Independent of NRF1 and NRF2 in the Tumor Microenvironment. Biomolecules 14 36359002
2020 Sensitivity to differential NRF1 gene signatures contributes to breast cancer disparities. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 14 32705365
2019 CDK2 regulates the NRF1/Ehmt1 axis during meiotic prophase I. The Journal of cell biology 14 31350280
2024 Macrophage NRF1 promotes mitochondrial protein turnover via the ubiquitin proteasome system to limit mitochondrial stress and inflammation. Cell reports 13 39325625
2022 Tumor suppressor gene ARMC5 controls adrenal redox state through NRF1 turnover. Endocrine-related cancer 13 36040830

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