| 1999 |
MAP4K4 (HGK) is a serine/threonine kinase that specifically activates the JNK signaling pathway but not ERK or p38. HGK-induced JNK activation is inhibited by dominant-negative MKK4 and MKK7 mutants, and dominant-negative TAK1 (but not MEKK1 or MUK) strongly inhibits HGK-induced JNK activation, positioning HGK upstream of TAK1→MKK4/MKK7→JNK. TNF-α activates HGK in 293T cells and dominant-negative HGK mutants inhibit TNF-α-induced JNK activation. |
Transient transfection of 293T cells with wild-type and dominant-negative kinase constructs, kinase pathway specificity assays, epistasis with dominant-negative pathway components |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
9890973
|
| 2006 |
MAP4K4 knockdown by siRNA inhibits migration and invasion of multiple carcinoma cell lines, and this pro-migratory effect is mediated through JNK signaling independently of AP-1 transcriptional activation. |
siRNA knockdown screen (10,996 siRNAs / 5,234 genes), 384-well wound-healing assay, validation in multiple cell lines, small-molecule JNK inhibition |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
16537454
|
| 2006 |
MAP4K4/NIK is a negative regulator of PPARγ expression, adipogenesis, and insulin-stimulated glucose transport in adipocytes. MAP4K4 suppresses expression of C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, PPARγ, and GLUT4. TNF-α-induced GLUT4 downregulation requires MAP4K4 expression. |
RNAi screen of protein kinases in adipocytes, siRNA knockdown, gene expression analysis, glucose transport assays |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
16461467
|
| 2007 |
MAP4K4 mediates TNF-α-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle by promoting JNK and ERK-1/2 phosphorylation and IRS-1 serine phosphorylation. Silencing MAP4K4 prevents TNF-α-induced inhibition of glucose uptake and rescues Akt and AS160 signaling. Silencing downstream MAP2K1 and MAP2K4 recapitulates MAP4K4 siRNA effects, placing MAP4K4 upstream of these kinases. |
siRNA knockdown in primary human skeletal muscle cells, glucose uptake assays, phosphorylation analysis by western blot, epistasis with MAP2K1/MAP2K4 siRNA |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
17227768
|
| 2007 |
TNF-α selectively upregulates Map4k4 mRNA expression through TNFR1 (not TNFR2), and this requires the transcription factors c-Jun and ATF2. siRNA depletion of c-Jun and ATF2 attenuates TNF-α-induced Map4k4 expression. |
Agonistic/antagonistic antibodies and siRNA against TNFR1/TNFR2, siRNA depletion of c-Jun and ATF2, mRNA quantification in cultured adipocytes |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
17500068
|
| 2009 |
Map4k4 negatively regulates PPARγ at the post-transcriptional level by inhibiting mTOR signaling (reducing 4E-BP1 phosphorylation), thereby decreasing PPARγ protein translation rather than altering mRNA levels or PPARγ degradation. Map4k4 depletion requires mTOR and 4E-BP1 to increase PPARγ protein levels. |
siRNA knockdown, [35S]methionine/cysteine labeling to measure protein synthesis, cycloheximide chase for degradation measurement, adenovirus-mediated MAP4K4 overexpression, mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway analysis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
20038583
|
| 2009 |
Map4k4 in macrophages is a mediator of cytokine (TNF-α and IL-1β) expression. Silencing Map4k4 in macrophages in vivo protected mice from LPS-induced lethality by inhibiting TNF-α and IL-1β production. |
GeRP-mediated siRNA delivery to macrophages in vivo, LPS-induced lethality model, cytokine measurement |
Nature |
High |
19407801
|
| 2012 |
Map4k4 is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation. Its kinase activity is essential for this inhibitory function, as a kinase-inactive mutant enhances myotube formation. Map4k4 acts through upregulation of the myogenic factor Myf5: Map4k4 silencing upregulates Myf5, and Myf5 is required for the enhanced myogenesis seen with Map4k4 depletion. This mechanism is independent of ERK, p38, or JNK signaling. |
siRNA knockdown and adenovirus-mediated overexpression in C2C12 cells, kinase-inactive mutant expression, Myf5 rescue experiments, myogenic gene expression and myotube morphology analysis |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
23207904
|
| 2013 |
Map4k4 suppresses adipocyte lipogenesis by inhibiting mTORC1 via AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of raptor (Ser792), leading to suppression of Srebp-1 protein expression and cleavage. This mechanism is independent of JNK signaling: Map4k4 silencing enhances lipogenesis and Srebp-1 upregulation without affecting JNK, and Map4k4 overexpression fails to activate endogenous JNK. |
siRNA knockdown, full-genome microarray, 14C-glucose and 14C-acetate incorporation into TGs/fatty acids, Srebp-1 rescue experiments, rapamycin treatment, JNK depletion comparison |
Journal of lipid research |
High |
23924694
|
| 2014 |
MAP4K4 phosphorylates moesin in retracting membranes of migrating endothelial cells at sites of focal adhesion disassembly. Moesin functions downstream of MAP4K4 to inactivate β1-integrin by competing with talin for binding to the β1-integrin intracellular domain, thereby promoting membrane retraction and focal adhesion disassembly. Epistasis analyses established moesin downstream of MAP4K4; α5β1-integrin blockade reversed membrane retraction defects caused by MAP4K4 loss. |
siRNA and chemical inhibitor screens, phosphorylation analysis, epistasis analysis, α5β1-integrin blocking, in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis assays, inducible Map4k4 knockout mice |
Nature |
High |
25799996
|
| 2014 |
MAP4K4 associates with microtubule plus-end binding protein EB2 and the Arf6 GEF IQSEC1. MAP4K4 is delivered to focal adhesions via EB2-bound microtubules, where it activates Arf6 through IQSEC1, promoting integrin internalization and focal adhesion disassembly. MAP4K4 knockout stabilizes focal adhesions and impairs cell migration. |
Quantitative proteomics (MAP4K4 FA-associated complex), knockout, co-immunoprecipitation, Arf6 activation assay, microtubule association studies |
Developmental cell |
High |
25490267
|
| 2014 |
HGK/MAP4K4 directly phosphorylates TRAF2, promoting its lysosomal degradation and thereby inhibiting IL-6 production in T cells. In T-cell-specific MAP4K4 knockout mice, TRAF2 is stabilized, IL-6 is overproduced, and this drives Th17 differentiation in adipose tissue leading to insulin resistance. |
T-cell-specific conditional knockout mice, direct phosphorylation assay, IL-6 and IL-17 neutralization, CCL20 neutralization, CCR6 knockout epistasis, leptin receptor knockout epistasis |
Nature communications |
High |
25098764
|
| 2015 |
MAP4K4 directly phosphorylates and coimmunoprecipitates with FARP1 (FERM, RhoGEF, and pleckstrin domain-containing protein 1). MAP4K4 favors a pTL motif in vitro based on kinase specificity profiling. MAP4K4 inhibition in SH-SY5Y cells increases neurite outgrowth, a process known to involve FARP1. |
Phosphoproteomic analysis of MAP4K4 inhibition, in vitro kinase specificity assay, co-immunoprecipitation, direct phosphorylation assay, neurite outgrowth assay |
ACS chemical biology |
High |
26422651
|
| 2015 |
MAP4K4 is identified as the protein target of militarinone-inspired 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone neuritogenic compounds. The most potent compound is a selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of MAP4K4, confirmed by biochemical analysis and a crystal structure of the inhibitor in complex with MAP4K4. |
Target identification via activity-based profiling, biochemical kinase assays, X-ray crystallography of inhibitor-MAP4K4 complex |
Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) |
High |
25908259
|
| 2015 |
MAP4K4 promotes vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in endothelial cells by activating NF-κB (reducing its nuclear localization and activity when MAP4K4 is silenced), leading to decreased cell surface adhesion molecule expression and reduced macrophage recruitment. |
Endothelial-specific MAP4K4 siRNA and gene ablation in Apoe−/− mice, small-molecule MAP4K4 inhibitor in Apoe−/− and Ldlr−/− mice, NF-κB nuclear localization and activity assays in cultured ECs |
Nature communications |
High |
26688060
|
| 2015 |
Inducible whole-body Map4k4 deletion in obese mice improves insulin sensitivity in liver and adipose tissue but not skeletal muscle. Deletion of Map4k4 specifically in Myf5-positive tissues (skeletal muscle) is sufficient to protect from obesity-induced glucose intolerance, and also unexpectedly increases insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue. |
Tamoxifen-inducible whole-body Cre/ERT2 Map4k4 floxed knockout, tissue-specific conditional knockouts (adiponectin-Cre, albumin-Cre, Myf5-Cre), insulin signaling (AKT phosphorylation) in multiple tissues |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
25918248
|
| 2017 |
MAP4K4, MINK1 (MAP4K6), and TNIK (MAP4K7) act redundantly upstream of DLK/JNK signaling in neurons. Targeting all three (but not any one individually) is sufficient to protect neurons from degeneration. MAP4K4/MINK1/TNIK pharmacological inhibition blocks DLK stabilization/phosphorylation within axons and prevents retrograde translocation of the JNK signaling complex to the nucleus. |
siRNA/pharmacological inhibition in mouse DRG neurons (trophic factor withdrawal model), DLK phosphorylation assays, retrograde signaling analysis, cell viability assays |
The Journal of neuroscience |
High |
28993483
|
| 2017 |
Alternative splicing of MAP4K4 exon 16, regulated by SRSF3 in a sequence-dependent manner (with RBM4 as an upstream regulator of SRSF3 splicing), generates MAP4K4 variants with differential effects on JNK1 phosphorylation, which modulates E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin expression and alters migration/invasion of colorectal cancer cells. |
Transcriptome analysis of CRC tissues, SRSF3 splicing manipulation, MAP4K4 exon 16 inclusion/exclusion constructs, JNK1 phosphorylation assays, EMT marker expression, migration/invasion assays |
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research |
Medium |
29138007
|
| 2017 |
MAP4K4 is a novel positive regulator of MAPK/ERK signaling in lung adenocarcinoma that activates ERK through inhibiting protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) activity. |
MAP4K4 knockdown in lung adenocarcinoma cells, PP2A activity assay, ERK phosphorylation analysis, xenograft growth and metastasis assays |
Molecular oncology |
Medium |
28306189
|
| 2019 |
MAP4K4 is activated in failing human hearts and by oxidative stress. MAP4K4 is required for oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte death. Pharmacological inhibition with DMX-5804 rescues cell survival, mitochondrial function, and calcium cycling in hiPSC-CMs, and reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by >50%. |
MAP4K4 gene silencing in hiPSC-CMs, small-molecule inhibitor (DMX-5804), oxidative stress assays, mitochondrial function, calcium cycling measurement, mouse ischemia-reperfusion model |
Cell stem cell |
High |
30853557
|
| 2019 |
MAP4K4 activation regulates motor neuron degeneration in ALS via phosphorylated JNK3 and activation of the canonical c-Jun apoptotic pathway. MAP4K4 suppression promotes survival, prevents neurite degeneration, and decreases mutant SOD1 levels through autophagy (FoxO1-mediated) activation. |
MAP4K4 knockdown and pharmacological inhibition in ESC/iPSC-derived motor neurons and primary mouse spinal cord MNs, JNK3 phosphorylation assays, c-Jun pathway analysis, autophagy assays, SOD1 aggregate quantification |
Cell reports |
High |
30699345
|
| 2020 |
STRIPAK complex member STRN4 is required for SV40 Small T antigen (ST)-PP2A-induced cell transformation. ST recruits STRIPAK (via striatin B''' subunits), which directs PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of MAP4K4, activating the Hippo pathway effector YAP1 and promoting oncogenic transformation. |
ST-PP2A interaction proteomics, STRN4 knockdown transformation assays, MAP4K4 phosphorylation analysis, YAP1 activity assays |
eLife |
High |
31913126
|
| 2020 |
MAP4K4 negatively regulates LFA-1 activation on CD8 T cells through ERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin) proteins, which serve as mediators between MAP4K4 and LFA-1. MAP4K4 deletion or inhibition enhances LFA-1 activation, improves T cell adherence to APCs, and increases CD8 T cell priming, proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxic activity. LFA-1 inhibition reverses these phenotypes. |
Genetic deletion (inducible whole-body Map4k4 KO), pharmacological inhibition, LFA-1 activation assays, T cell-APC conjugation assays, antitumor and antiviral in vivo models, LFA-1 inhibitor epistasis |
Science immunology |
High |
32220977
|
| 2021 |
MAP4K4 directly phosphorylates MLK3 on Thr738, increasing MLK3 kinase activity and downstream signaling, thereby promoting pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation. MAP4K4 and MLK3 co-immunoprecipitate. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, direct phosphorylation assay (Thr738 site-specific), cell proliferation and migration assays, pharmacological MAP4K4 inhibitor (GNE-495) in KPC mouse model |
Oncogene |
High |
34511598
|
| 2021 |
MAP4K4 is regulated within STRIPAK complexes in cardiomyocytes. FLAG-MAP4K4 associates with all three striatins (STRN1, STRN3, STRN4) and with myosin. Calyculin A (Ser/Thr phosphatase inhibitor) induces MAP4K4 hyperphosphorylation of the activation loop and linker region in a kinase-activity-dependent manner. Surprisingly, FLAG-MAP4K4 inhibits JNK activation by H2O2 in cardiomyocytes and increases myofibrillar organization. |
5'-RACE and full-length cloning of rat Map4k4, FLAG-MAP4K4 co-immunoprecipitation with striatins and myosin, calyculin A treatment, phosphorylation mapping, kinase-dead mutant, JNK activation assay, myofibrillar staining |
The Biochemical journal |
Medium |
34032269
|
| 2022 |
MAP4K4 interacts with striatin 3 (STRN3) via its CNH domain; STRN3 couples MAP4K4 to PP2A, which inactivates growth-repressing activities of MAP4K4. STRN3 also enables growth factor-induced PKCθ activation and direct phosphorylation of VASP-S157 by MAP4K4, which is required for efficient tumor cell invasion. Loss of STRN3 reactivates Hippo signaling. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (MAP4K4-STRN3/4), CNH domain deletion constructs, STRN3 and MAP4K4 depletion, VASP-S157 phosphorylation assay, PKCθ activation assay, Hippo pathway (YAP) activity, invasion assays in cerebellar tissue |
Communications biology |
High |
35941177
|
| 2022 |
RhoA counteracts abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by inhibiting MAP4K4 activity. In the absence of RhoA, the PP2A inhibitor Set sequesters PP2A, releasing MAP4K4 from inhibition and activating MAP kinase signaling including MAP4K4. MAP4K4 inhibitor (DMX-5804) decreases AAA formation in RhoA cKO mice. |
VSMC-specific RhoA conditional knockout mice, MAP4K4 activity measurement, Set-PP2A interaction assays, DMX-5804 pharmacological inhibition, aortic ring contractility, gene expression |
Communications biology |
Medium |
36207400
|
| 2023 |
MAP4K4 promotes ovarian cancer metastasis by phosphorylating ADAM10 at Ser436, which suppresses ADAM10-mediated cleavage of N-cadherin, leading to N-cadherin stabilization and enhanced cancer cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. |
MAP4K4 knockdown/overexpression, ADAM10 phosphorylation at Ser436 (site-specific), N-cadherin cleavage assays, cell adhesion/migration/invasion assays, pharmacological MAP4K4 inhibition in peritoneal metastasis model |
Oncogene |
High |
36922678
|
| 2023 |
MAP4K4 regulates forces at cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesions to promote collective cell migration. MAP4K4 promotes focal adhesion disassembly through moesin phosphorylation but disassembles adherens junctions through a moesin-independent mechanism. Loss of MAP4K4 increases traction forces and tension at cell-cell adhesions, causing tensional disequilibrium in migrating clusters. |
MAP4K4 inactivation and overexpression in A431 carcinoma cells, traction force microscopy, intercellular force measurement, moesin phosphorylation assay, focal adhesion and adherens junction dynamics |
Life science alliance |
Medium |
37369604
|
| 2024 |
MAP4K4 promotes S-nitrosylation of Drp1 (SNO-Drp1) at Cys644 (human C644/mouse C650) in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells by inhibiting GPX4 expression, which stimulates endothelial ferroptosis and cardiac microvascular dysfunction in diabetes. MAP4K4 inhibition (DMX-5804) reduces SNO-Drp1, alleviates microvascular dysfunction, and improves cardiac function in db/db mice; C650A Drp1 mutation abolishes SNO-Drp1 and its pathological effects. |
MAP4K4 overexpression/inhibition in CMECs, SNO-Drp1 site-specific analysis (C644/C650A mutation), GPX4 expression assay, ferroptosis assays, DMX-5804 in db/db mice, cardiac functional readouts |
Cardiovascular diabetology |
High |
38724987
|
| 2018 |
HGK (MAP4K4) activation by the diterpenoid Tanshinone IIA triggers JNK1-dependent c-Jun activation, leading to increased c-Jun recruitment to the AP-1-binding site in the sestrin 2 (SESN2) promoter and upregulation of SESN2 transcription. This SESN2-dependent (but Beclin 1-independent) autophagy mediates the antitumor effects of TIIA in osteosarcoma. |
ChIP assay (c-Jun at SESN2 promoter), HGK/JNK1/Jun pathway dissection, autophagy assays (SESN2-dependent vs Beclin 1-dependent), in vitro and in vivo (NOD/SCID) osteosarcoma models |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
30258193
|
| 2016 |
MAP4K4 promotes NFκB signaling and MAP4K4 silencing in hepatocellular carcinoma cells represses JNK, NFκB, and toll-like receptor signaling pathways. In vitro, MAP4K4 knockdown reduces proliferation, blocks cell cycle at S phase, and increases apoptosis. |
shRNA knockdown in HCC cell lines, quantitative real-time PCR arrays for signaling pathway analysis, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assay, xenograft tumor growth |
Clinical cancer research |
Medium |
21196414
|
| 2013 |
MAP4K4 is required for KSHV lytic reactivation from latency and promotes invasiveness of KSHV-infected endothelial cells by regulating expression of COX-2, MMP-7, and MMP-13. |
Small molecule library screening and siRNA silencing in KSHV-infected endothelial cells, COX-2/MMP expression assays, invasion assays |
PLoS pathogens |
Medium |
24244164
|
| 2013 |
MAP4K4 interacts with Pyk2 via the Pyk2 FERM domain, co-immunoprecipitates with Pyk2 (but not FAK), and is a substrate for Pyk2. MAP4K4 knockdown inhibits glioma cell migration and blocks Pyk2 stimulation of cell migration; MAP4K4 overexpression-stimulated migration is blocked by Pyk2 knockdown, indicating mutual dependence. |
Yeast two-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro substrate assay (Pyk2 phosphorylates MAP4K4), siRNA knockdown, cell migration assays |
Journal of signal transduction |
Medium |
24163766
|
| 2021 |
MAP4K4 directly controls integrin β1 activation and c-Met endocytosis in medulloblastoma cells, promoting receptor recycling that accumulates activated c-Met in cytosolic vesicles and sustains downstream signaling. MAP4K4 depletion restricts HGF-driven matrix invasion in vitro and brain tissue infiltration ex vivo. |
MAP4K4 siRNA depletion, HGF-stimulated invasion and 3D migration assays, integrin β1 activation assay, c-Met endocytosis and recycling measurement, ex vivo brain slice infiltration |
Oncotarget |
Medium |
29796184
|
| 2024 |
Dipeptide transport by PEPT1 activates the MAP4K4/G3BP2 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, leading to phosphorylation of G3BP2 at Thr227 by MAP4K4, which facilitates HCC metastasis. |
PEPT1 overexpression/knockdown, MAP4K4/G3BP2 pathway analysis, G3BP2-Thr227 phosphorylation assay, migration/invasion assays, lung metastasis mouse model |
Advanced science |
Medium |
38639383
|