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Showing MT-ND3 — ND3 is a alias.

MT-ND3

NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3 · UniProt P03897

Length
115 aa
Mass
13.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 11 papers cited in narrative 11 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 4/4 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

MT-ND3 encodes a hydrophobic, mitochondrially encoded subunit of respiratory complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) that is essential for both assembly of the holoenzyme and its catalytic activity, as shown by RNAi suppression of the orthologous ND3 that abolishes assembly of the ~950-kDa complex and eliminates enzyme activity (PMID:16963630). A loop connecting the first and second transmembrane helices of ND3 carries Cys-39, which becomes selectively accessible to chemical modification (including S-nitrosation) only in the deactive (D) state, identifying this residue as the structural switch governing the complex I active/deactive transition; this conformational rearrangement persists when complex I is embedded in supercomplexes and occurs alongside structural changes in ND1 and NDUFA9 near the quinone-binding site (PMID:18502755, PMID:24560811). Pathogenic MT-ND3 missense variants cause isolated complex I deficiency and Leigh syndrome, producing a disproportionately greater loss of enzyme activity than of assembled complex, indicating a catalytic role beyond scaffolding; mitochondrial genetic causation was confirmed by cybrid transfer, and the defect can be functionally complemented by allotopic nuclear expression of MT-ND3 protein or by delivery of wild-type MT-ND3 mRNA into patient mitochondria (PMID:14705112, PMID:17152068, PMID:38437941, PMID:32371897). Post-transcriptionally, the RNA-binding protein FASTKD4 binds the poly(A) tail of MT-ND3 mRNA to promote its polyadenylation, stability, and translation (PMID:39727163).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1995 Medium

    Established the first regulatory input to ND3 expression by showing its transcript responds to thyroid hormone, linking mitochondrial complex I gene output to endocrine signaling.

    Evidence Whole-genome PCR screen, EMSA with TR/c-erbA, and Northern blot in hypothyroid rat brain and heart

    PMID:7763274

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct transcriptional reconstitution of TR-driven ND3 regulation
    • Functional consequence for complex I activity not measured
  2. 2004 Medium

    Addressed whether ND3 is purely structural by showing pathogenic mutations reduce enzyme activity more than assembly, implicating ND3 in catalysis.

    Evidence Respiratory chain enzyme assays and BN-PAGE assembly quantification in patient tissues for T10158C and T10191C

    PMID:14705112

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific catalytic step affected (electron transport, proton pumping, or quinone binding) not resolved
    • Patient tissue rather than reconstituted system
  3. 2005 Low

    Provided a possible mechanism for ND3 mutation pathology by linking the Ser-to-Pro substitution to secondary destabilization of other subunits.

    Evidence Western blot of patient muscle showing reduced 20 kDa (ND6) and 30 kDa (NDUFA9) subunits

    PMID:16023078

    Open questions at the time
    • Single Western blot observation not tested by direct manipulation of ND3
    • Subcomplex identities inferred by size
  4. 2006 High

    Settled the requirement of ND3 for complex I by direct loss-of-function, showing it is needed for both assembly and activity.

    Evidence RNAi knockdown of nucleus-encoded NUO3 in Chlamydomonas with BN-PAGE and spectrophotometric activity readouts

    PMID:16963630

    Open questions at the time
    • Performed in algal ortholog rather than mammalian system
    • Does not separate assembly defect from direct catalytic loss
  5. 2007 Medium

    Confirmed mitochondrial genetic causation of complex I deficiency by transferring the mutant allele to a nuclear-clean background.

    Evidence Cybrid transfer of m.10197G>A (A47T) mtDNA to rho-zero cells with complex I activity assays

    PMID:17152068

    Open questions at the time
    • Contribution of nuclear modifier genes to severity not quantified
    • Single lab
  6. 2008 High

    Identified the molecular structural determinant of the complex I active/deactive transition, defining ND3 Cys-39 as a conformationally gated, modifiable residue.

    Evidence Selective fluorescence labeling of native vs. deactivated complex I with mass spectrometry peptide identification and in vitro A/D assay (bovine)

    PMID:18502755

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological trigger of the A/D transition in vivo not established
    • Functional consequence of Cys-39 S-nitrosation for cellular respiration not measured here
  7. 2014 High

    Extended the A/D model by showing Cys-39 exposure persists in supercomplexes and that ND1 and NDUFA9 co-rearrange, placing the conformational switch at the quinone-binding junction.

    Evidence Lysine-specific fluorescent labeling, 2D BN/SDS-PAGE, and NEM modification under active vs. deactive conditions

    PMID:24560811

    Open questions at the time
    • Sequence and coupling of the multi-subunit rearrangements not resolved
    • Structural model of the transition not provided
  8. 2020 Medium

    Demonstrated therapeutic feasibility of transcript replacement by delivering wild-type MT-ND3 mRNA into patient mitochondria and restoring respiration.

    Evidence MITO-Porter liposome mRNA delivery to Leigh syndrome (T10158C) fibroblasts with RT-qPCR and Seahorse respirometry

    PMID:32371897

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of mutant RNA reduction unclear
    • Durability and in vivo applicability not addressed
  9. 2024 Medium

    Showed protein-level complementation by allotopic nuclear expression, confirming that cytoplasmically produced ND3 can be imported and functionally integrated.

    Evidence Allotopic codon-optimized MT-ND3 cDNA expression in patient fibroblasts (m.10197G>C, m.10191T>C) with Western blot, BN-PAGE, activity and ATP assays

    PMID:38437941

    Open questions at the time
    • Rescue was only partial
    • Import efficiency and long-term stability not quantified
  10. 2024 Medium

    Identified a small-molecule ligand of ND3 (2-HIBA) that restores ND3 protein content and redox balance in a disease model.

    Evidence Thermal shift, DARTS, and SPR binding assays plus in vivo db/db mouse hippocampus analysis

    PMID:39631248

    Open questions at the time
    • Binding site on ND3 not mapped
    • Mechanism by which binding stabilizes ND3 protein unknown
  11. 2025 High

    Established post-transcriptional control of MT-ND3 by defining FASTKD4 as a poly(A)-binding regulator of its mRNA maturation and stability.

    Evidence FASTKD4 crystal structure, in vitro RNA-binding assays, and FASTKD4 knockout cells assessed by RT-qPCR and RNA-seq

    PMID:39727163

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether FASTKD4 regulation is selective for MT-ND3 versus other transcripts not fully delineated
    • Coupling between mRNA stability and complex I assembly output not measured

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The physiological signals that trigger the ND3 Cys-39 A/D transition and S-nitrosation in vivo, and how these link to complex I regulation in health and disease, remain unresolved.
  • No in vivo trigger for the A/D transition identified
  • Functional consequences of Cys-39 S-nitrosation for cellular metabolism not established
  • No atomic structure of the deactive ND3 loop conformation

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity 2
Localization
GO:0005739 mitochondrion 3
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3
Partners
FASTKD4MT-ND1NDUFA9
Complex memberships
respiratory complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase)

Evidence

Reading pass · 11 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2008 Cysteine-39 of the mitochondrially encoded ND3 subunit (bovine) is specifically accessible to chemical modification (S-nitrosation and fluorescent labeling) only in the deactive (D) form of complex I, identifying this residue as the structural element responsible for the active/deactive (A/D) enzyme transition. The loop containing Cys-39 connects the first and second transmembrane helix of ND3 and is proposed to link the ND3 membrane arm subunit with the PSST subunit of the peripheral arm. Selective fluorescence labeling of native vs. deactivated complex I, proteomic/mass spectrometry identification of labeled peptide, in vitro A/D transition assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 18502755
2014 During the active-to-deactive (A/D) conformational transition of complex I, Cys-39 of ND3 (MT-ND3) remains accessible for chemical modification in only the D-form even when complex I is incorporated into supercomplexes (I+III2+IV). Additionally, two further subunits, ND1 (MT-ND1) and the 39 kDa subunit (NDUFA9), undergo structural rearrangements during deactivation, all located at the junction between hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains near the quinone binding site. Lysine-specific fluorescent labeling with DIGE-like approach on native and deactivated complex I; two-dimensional blue native/SDS-PAGE; chemical modification with NEM under active vs. deactive conditions Biochimica et biophysica acta High 24560811
2006 In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, where ND3 (NUO3) is nucleus-encoded, RNAi-mediated suppression of NUO3 (ND3) prevents assembly of the 950-kDa whole complex I and abolishes NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase enzyme activity, establishing ND3 as essential for both complex I assembly and catalytic activity. RNA interference knockdown of NUO3; BN-PAGE to assess complex I assembly; spectrophotometric enzyme activity assay Eukaryotic cell High 16963630
2004 Pathogenic missense mutations T10158C (Ser to Pro) and T10191C in the MT-ND3 gene cause disproportionately greater reductions in complex I enzyme activity than in the amount of fully assembled complex I, indicating that the ND3 subunit plays a role in electron transport, proton pumping, or ubiquinone binding beyond merely structural assembly. Respiratory chain enzyme activity assays, BN-PAGE for complex I assembly quantification, mitochondrial DNA mutation analysis in patient tissues Annals of neurology Medium 14705112
2007 The MT-ND3 m.10197G>A mutation (A47T) causes isolated complex I deficiency. The mutation was transferred with mutant mtDNA to rho-zero lymphoblastoid cells (cybrids), confirming that the defect is mitochondrially encoded; nuclear modifier genes may additionally influence phenotypic severity. Cybrid (transmitochondrial) cell line experiments transferring mutant mtDNA to rho-zero cells, biochemical complex I activity assays American journal of medical genetics. Part A Medium 17152068
2025 FASTKD4 binds the canonical poly(A) tail of the MT-ND3 mRNA to enable its maturation and translation; loss of FASTKD4 reduces MT-ND3 polyadenylation and destabilizes the MT-ND3 messenger RNA in mitochondria. The FASTKD4 RAP domain and two FAST motifs form a positively charged cavity resembling the VSR endonuclease that mediates RNA binding. Atomic-resolution crystal structure of FASTKD4; in vitro biochemical RNA binding assays; FASTKD4 knockout cells assessed by RT-qPCR for MT-ND3 mRNA polyadenylation and stability; RNA-seq Nucleic acids research High 39727163
2024 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA) directly binds to the MT-ND3 protein (confirmed by protein thermal shift, DARTS, and surface plasmon resonance assays) and reverses the decrease in MT-ND3 protein content in the hippocampus of diabetic mice, thereby helping to maintain NAD+/NADH balance and mitochondrial respiratory chain homeostasis. Protein thermal shift assay, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR); proteomics; behavioral and molecular biology assays in db/db mice Redox biology Medium 39631248
1995 The mitochondrial ND3 gene contains a thyroid hormone receptor (TR/c-erbA) specific binding site, and ND3 mRNA levels are regulated by thyroid hormone in rat brain and heart; hypothyroidism decreases ND3 mRNA levels in cortex and hippocampus during early postnatal development. Whole genome PCR screen; DNA sequencing; electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) with TR/c-erbA protein; Northern blot analysis in hypothyroid animals Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 7763274
2024 Allotopic (nuclear) expression of a codon-optimized MT-ND3 cDNA with a mitochondrial targeting sequence partially rescues MT-ND3 protein levels, complex I assembly deficiency, complex I activity, and ATP production in patient fibroblasts harboring pathogenic MT-ND3 variants (m.10197G>C and m.10191T>C), demonstrating that cytoplasmic delivery of MT-ND3 protein to mitochondria can functionally complement the mitochondrial gene defect. Allotopic expression vector transfection; Western blot for MT-ND3 protein; BN-PAGE for complex I assembly; spectrophotometric complex I activity assay; luminescent ATP production assay in patient fibroblasts Mitochondrion Medium 38437941
2020 Mitochondrial delivery of normal MT-ND3 mRNA to patient fibroblasts (Leigh syndrome, T10158C mutation) using a MITO-Porter liposome system decreased mutant RNA levels and increased maximal mitochondrial respiratory activity, demonstrating that replacement of the mutant MT-ND3 transcript can rescue respiratory chain function. MITO-Porter liposome-mediated mitochondrial mRNA transfection; RT-qPCR for mutant vs. wild-type ND3 RNA; Seahorse respirometry for mitochondrial respiratory activity Scientific reports Medium 32371897
2005 The T10191C mutation in MT-ND3 results in a serine-to-proline substitution. Western blot analysis of patient muscle showed decreased levels of the 20 kDa (likely ND6) and 30 kDa (NDUFA9) complex I subunits, suggesting that ND3 instability caused by the mutation impairs subcomplex formation and leads to secondary destabilization of other complex I subunits. Western blot of mitochondrial proteins from patient muscle biopsy; heteroplasmy analysis in multiple tissues; clinical complex I enzyme assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications Low 16023078

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2004 De novo mutations in the mitochondrial ND3 gene as a cause of infantile mitochondrial encephalopathy and complex I deficiency. Annals of neurology 147 14705112
2020 Nd3+ -Sensitized Upconversion Metal-Organic Frameworks for Mitochondria-Targeted Amplified Photodynamic Therapy. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 140 31750975
2008 Identification of the mitochondrial ND3 subunit as a structural component involved in the active/deactive enzyme transition of respiratory complex I. The Journal of biological chemistry 132 18502755
2016 808 nm Light-triggered and hyaluronic acid-targeted dual-photosensitizers nanoplatform by fully utilizing Nd(3+)-sensitized upconversion emission with enhanced anti-tumor efficacy. Biomaterials 123 27267626
2003 Frequent mitochondrial gene rearrangements at the hymenopteran nad3-nad5 junction. Journal of molecular evolution 107 12698290
1991 Expression of the wheat mitochondrial nad3-rps12 transcription unit: correlation between editing and mRNA maturation. The Plant cell 107 1726558
2007 A novel recurrent mitochondrial DNA mutation in ND3 gene is associated with isolated complex I deficiency causing Leigh syndrome and dystonia. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 87 17152068
2001 Progressive mitochondrial disease resulting from a novel missense mutation in the mitochondrial DNA ND3 gene. Annals of neurology 79 11456298
2009 Mitochondrial NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 3 (ND3) polymorphism (A10398G) and sporadic breast cancer in Poland. Breast cancer research and treatment 64 19266278
2004 A new mitochondrial DNA mutation in ND3 gene causing severe Leigh syndrome with early lethality. Pediatric research 61 14764913
2017 Editing of Mitochondrial Transcripts nad3 and cox2 by Dek10 Is Essential for Mitochondrial Function and Maize Plant Development. Genetics 56 28213476
1975 Adenovirus transcription. II. RNA sequences complementary to simian virus 40 and adenovirus 2DNA in AD2+ND1- and AD2+ND3-infected cells. Journal of virology 54 169392
1984 Nd3+ and Co2+ binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum CaATPase. An estimation of the distance from the ATP binding site to the high-affinity calcium binding sites. The Journal of biological chemistry 52 6238964
2006 Heterobimetallic Zn(II)-Ln(III) phenylene-bridged schiff base complexes, computational studies, and evidence for singlet energy transfer as the main pathway in the sensitization of near-infrared Nd3+ luminescence. Inorganic chemistry 51 17083231
2018 Rice PPS1 encodes a DYW motif-containing pentatricopeptide repeat protein required for five consecutive RNA-editing sites of nad3 in mitochondria. The New phytologist 49 30019754
2002 Singlet energy transfer as the main pathway in the sensitization of near-infrared Nd3+ luminescence by dansyl and lissamine dyes. Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry 46 12516211
1995 Identification of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (ND3) as a thyroid hormone regulated gene by whole genome PCR analysis. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 45 7763274
1983 Independent, spontaneous mutants of adenovirus type 2-simian virus 40 hybrid Ad2+ND3 that grow efficiently in monkey cells possess indentical mutations in the adenovirus type 2 DNA-binding protein gene. Journal of virology 45 6310153
2014 ND3, ND1 and 39kDa subunits are more exposed in the de-active form of bovine mitochondrial complex I. Biochimica et biophysica acta 41 24560811
2006 ND3 and ND4L subunits of mitochondrial complex I, both nucleus encoded in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, are required for activity and assembly of the enzyme. Eukaryotic cell 39 16963630
1997 Role of Nd3+ and Pb2+ on the RNA cleavage reaction by a small ribozyme. Biochemistry 39 9132001
2005 A complete species-level phylogeny of the Hylobatidae based on mitochondrial ND3-ND4 gene sequences. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 38 15950493
2020 Validation of a mitochondrial RNA therapeutic strategy using fibroblasts from a Leigh syndrome patient with a mutation in the mitochondrial ND3 gene. Scientific reports 37 32371897
2016 Nd3+-Sensitized Upconversion Nanostructure as a Dual-Channel Emitting Optical Probe for Near Infrared-to-Near Infrared Fingerprint Imaging. Inorganic chemistry 33 27684997
2005 Fulminant neurological deterioration in a neonate with Leigh syndrome due to a maternally transmitted missense mutation in the mitochondrial ND3 gene. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 32 16023078
2009 Mitochondrial ND3 as the novel causative gene for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and dystonia. Neurogenetics 31 19458970
2007 A novel ND3 mitochondrial DNA mutation in three Korean children with basal ganglia lesions and complex I deficiency. Pediatric research 29 17413873
1995 The rps3-rpl16-nad3-rps12 gene cluster in rice mitochondrial DNA is transcribed from alternative promoters. Current genetics 27 7788722
2009 Rolandic mitochondrial encephalomyelopathy and MT-ND3 mutations. Pediatric neurology 26 19520270
1991 The rice mitochondrial nad3 gene has an extended reading frame at its 5' end: nucleotide sequence analysis of rice trnS, nad3, and rps12 genes. Current genetics 26 1718614
2018 Nd3+ sensitized core-shell-shell nanocomposites loaded with IR806 dye for photothermal therapy and up-conversion luminescence imaging by a single wavelength NIR light irradiation. Nanotheranostics 23 29868349
2010 Leigh disease presenting in utero due to a novel missense mutation in the mitochondrial DNA-ND3. Molecular genetics and metabolism 21 20202874
2006 Effect of Nd3+ ion on carboxylation activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase of spinach. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 21 16469293
2018 Dual functional NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@NaYF4:Yb3+, Nd3+ core-shell nanoparticles for cell temperature sensing and imaging. Nanotechnology 20 29283363
2018 Mitochondrial NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 3 (MTND3) Polymorphisms are Associated with Gastric Cancer Susceptibility. International journal of medical sciences 20 30275759
2019 A Nd3+ sensitized upconversion nanosystem with dual photosensitizers for improving photodynamic therapy efficacy. Biomaterials science 19 30742148
2010 Ultraviolet-blue to near-infrared downconversion of Nd(3+)-Yb(3+) couple. Optics letters 19 20081974
1996 Conservation of the organization of the mitochondrial nad3 and rps12 genes in evolutionarily distant angiosperms. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 19 8676875
2009 Is interlineage recombination responsible for low divergence of mitochondrial nad3 genes in Mytilus galloprovincialis? Molecular biology and evolution 18 19387011
2020 Er3+-to-dye energy transfer in DNA-coated core and core/shell/shell upconverting nanoparticles with 980 nm and 808 nm excitation of Yb3+ and Nd3. The Analyst 17 32043497
2015 Mitochondrial ND3 G10398A mutation: a biomarker for breast cancer. Genetics and molecular research : GMR 17 26782384
1998 Deleterious mutations at the mitochondrial ND3 gene in South American marsh rats (Holochilus). Genetics 17 9725852
1993 Ribosomal protein gene rpl5 is cotranscribed with the nad3 gene in Oenothera mitochondria. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 16 8413195
2020 Monodisperse Core-Shell NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+-PEG-GGGRGDSGGGY-NH2 Nanoparticles Excitable at 808 and 980 nm: Design, Surface Engineering, and Application in Life Sciences. Frontiers in chemistry 15 32596210
2013 Long survival in patients with leigh syndrome and the m.10191T>C mutation in MT-ND3 : a case report and review of the literature. Journal of child neurology 15 24284231
2017 Isolated and repeated stroke-like episodes in a middle-aged man with a mitochondrial ND3 T10158C mutation: a case report. BMC neurology 14 29237403
1997 A mitochondrial sub-stoichiometric orf87-nad3-nad1 exonA co-transcription unit present in solanaceae was amplified in the genus Nicotiana. Current genetics 14 9000381
2011 Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of Nd3+ and Pr3+ 2D polymers with tetrafluoro-p-phthalate. Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) 13 21918768
2016 Complex I deficiency related to T10158C mutation ND3 gene: A further definition of the clinical spectrum. Brain & development 12 27742419
2014 Production of cold beams of ND3 with variable rotational state distributions by electrostatic extraction of He and Ne buffer-gas-cooled beams. The Journal of chemical physics 12 25028020
2019 Transition from Leigh syndrome to MELAS syndrome in a patient with heteroplasmic MT-ND3 m.10158T>C. Brain & development 11 31178082
2016 Mitochondrial Encephalopathy and Optic Neuropathy Due to m.10158 MT-ND3 Complex I Mutation Presenting in an Adult Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature. The neurologist 11 27348141
2010 Unusual specificity of a receptor for Nd3+ among other lanthanide ions for selective colorimetric recognition. Inorganic chemistry 11 20597514
1995 Reactive collisions in quadrupole cells. 3: H/D exchange reactions of protonated aromatic amines with ND3. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 11 24222057
2019 A Chinese Family With Adult-Onset Leigh-Like Syndrome Caused by the Heteroplasmic m.10191T>C Mutation in the Mitochondrial MTND3 Gene. Frontiers in neurology 10 31105631
2014 Rapid identification of a novel complex I MT-ND3 m.10134C>A mutation in a Leigh syndrome patient. PloS one 10 25118196
1998 Rapeseed mitochondrial ccb206, a gene involved in cytochrome c biogenesis, is co-transcribed with the nad3 and rps12 genes: organization, transcription, and RNA editing of the nad3/rps12/ccb206 locus. Current genetics 10 9799366
2021 Association Between Epilepsy and Leigh Syndrome With MT-ND3 Mutation, Particularly the m.10191T>C Point Mutation. Frontiers in neurology 9 34956047
2007 A short treatment of cells with the lanthanide ions La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+ or Nd3+ changes the cellular chemistry into a state in which RNA replication of flaviviruses is specifically blocked without interference with host-cell multiplication. The Journal of general virology 9 17947525
2000 The origin of Lecithodesmus (Digenea: Campulidae) based on ND3 gene comparison. The Journal of parasitology 9 10958470
2024 Identification of a novel MT-ND3 variant and restoring mitochondrial function by allotopic expression of MT-ND3 gene. Mitochondrion 8 38437941
2024 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid targeted binding to MT-ND3 boosts mitochondrial respiratory chain homeostasis in hippocampus to rescue diabetic cognitive impairment. Redox biology 8 39631248
2021 Lack of association between single polymorphic variants of the mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase 3, and 4L (MT-ND3 and MT-ND4L) and male infertility. Andrologia 8 34120353
2020 Salinity effects on nad3 gene RNA editing of wild barley mitochondria. Molecular biology reports 8 32358688
2024 Enhancing antioxidant properties of CeO2 nanoparticles with Nd3+ doping: structural, biological, and machine learning insights. Biomaterials science 7 38450552
2021 Enhancing Bifunctional Electrocatalytic Activities of Oxygen Electrodes via Incorporating Highly Conductive Sm3+ and Nd3+ Double-Doped Ceria for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells. ACS applied materials & interfaces 7 33398987
2021 Novel Mutation m.10372A>G in MT-ND3 Causing Sensorimotor Axonal Polyneuropathy. Neurology. Genetics 7 33732874
2016 Genetic variants in ATP6 and ND3 mitochondrial genes are not associated with aggressive prostate cancer in Mexican-Mestizo men with overweight or obesity. The aging male : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of the Aging Male 7 27187822
2013 The A10389G polymorphism of ND3 gene and breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Biomedical reports 7 24648932
1996 Characterization of the radish mitochondrial nad3/rps12 locus: analysis of recombination repeats and RNA editing. Current genetics 7 8662196
2025 The Vsr-like protein FASTKD4 regulates the stability and polyadenylation of the MT-ND3 mRNA. Nucleic acids research 6 39727163
2019 Adult-onset mitochondrial encephalopathy in association with the MT-ND3 T10158C mutation exhibits unique characteristics: A case report. World journal of clinical cases 6 31123680
2018 Yb3+-sensitized upconversion and downshifting luminescence in Nd3+ ions through energy migration. Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) 6 29479629
2018 High performance UV photodetectors using Nd3+ and Er3+ single- and co-doped DNA thin films. Biosensors & bioelectronics 6 30390600
2013 Highly expressed MT-ND3 positively associated with histological severity of hepatic steatosis. APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 6 24020820
1996 Evolution of the nad3-rps12 gene cluster in angiosperm mitochondria: comparison of edited and unedited sequences. Journal of molecular evolution 6 8875858
2017 Complete sequence of the ATP6 and ND3 mitochondrial genes in breast cancer tissue of postmenopausal women with different body mass indexes. Annals of diagnostic pathology 5 29414393
2012 [Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I deficiency due to 10191T>C mutation in ND3 gene]. Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 5 22898272
2008 Dy3+ and Nd3+ induced genetic mutation of bacillus alpha-amylase. Journal of inorganic biochemistry 5 19497621
2000 Identification and characterization of the trnS/pseudo-tRNA/nad3/rps12 gene cluster from Coix lacryma-jobi L: organization, transcription and RNA editing. Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology 4 10996249
1993 Occurrence and transcription of genes for nad1, nad3, nad4L, and nad6, coding for NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1, 3, 4L, and 6, in liverwort mitochondria. Current genetics 4 7916672
2025 Microwave-assisted synthesis of dual responsive luminomagnetic rare earth metal ions (Nd3+, Dy3+) co-doped nanohydroxyapatite for biomedical applications. Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) 3 39871604
2022 Mesenchymal stem cells improve redox homeostasis and mitochondrial respiration in fibroblast cell lines with pathogenic MT-ND3 and MT-ND6 variants. Stem cell research & therapy 3 35715829
2019 Erratum: Addendum: A Chinese Family With Adult-Onset Leigh-Like Syndrome Caused by the Heteroplasmic m.10191T>C Mutation in the Mitochondrial MTND3 Gene. Frontiers in neurology 3 31582958
2017 Dakarella massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., strain ND3T: a new bacterial genus isolated from the female genital tract. New microbes and new infections 3 28603641
2008 Double NASICON-type cell: ordered Nd3+ distribution in Li0.2Nd0.8/3Zr2(PO4)3. Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) 3 18521448
2025 Clinical spectrum, treatment and outcomes of the m.10197G>A mutation in MT-ND3: a case report, systematic review and meta-analysis. Orphanet journal of rare diseases 2 39923090
2025 Synergistic Effects of Multimodal Polydopamine Coating on NaGdF4@NaYF4:Nd3+ Nanostructured Alginate Microspheres through the Combination of Chemotherapy and Photothermal Therapy. The journal of physical chemistry. B 2 40462623
2021 Convergent Evolution of Himalayan Marmot with Some High-Altitude Animals through ND3 Protein. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 2 33498455
2020 Protonated state and synergistic role of Nd3+ doped barium cerate perovskite for the enhancement of ionic pathways in novel sulfonated polyethersulfone for H2/O2 fuel cells. Soft matter 2 32296794
2014 Growth, structure, thermal properties and spectroscopic characteristics of Nd3+-doped KGdP4O12 crystal. PloS one 2 24968165
2007 [Effect of norcantharidin's derivative Nd3 on proliferation of human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its possible mechanisms]. Ai zheng = Aizheng = Chinese journal of cancer 2 17430652
2001 Differences in editing of mitochondrial nad3 transcripts from CMS and fertile carrots. Acta biochimica Polonica 2 11833779
1998 Conservation of the structure and organization of lupin mitochondrial nad3 and rps12 genes. Acta biochimica Polonica 2 9918496
1984 The nucleotide sequence at the recombination/integration sites of the hybrid viruses Ad2+ND3 and Ad2+ND5. Virology 2 6322434
2025 Interfacial Engineering of a NaGdF4@NaYF4:Nd3+-Reinforced PVA/Chitosan Janus Hydrogel for Osteosarcoma and Osseointegration via the Entrapment of Strontium in Bisphosphonates. Bioconjugate chemistry 1 40754979
2022 Mitochondrial ATP6 and ND3 genes are associated with type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes & metabolic syndrome 1 35613490
2018 Nd3+,Ho3+-Codoped apatite-related NaLa9(GeO4)6O2 phosphors for the near- and middle-infrared region. Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) 1 30232497
2024 The Effect of Short-Term NAD3® Supplementation on Circulating Adult Stem Cells in Healthy Individuals Aged 40-70 Years. Cureus 0 38590496
2022 Luminescence properties and energy transfer of the near-infrared phosphor Ca3In2Ge3O12:Cr3+,Nd3. RSC advances 0 36320521

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