| 2009 |
Loss-of-function nonsense mutation in myh6 (cardiac myosin heavy chain) in Xenopus tropicalis muzak mutants deletes the coiled-coil domain required for thick filament polymerization, severely disrupting the cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton and abolishing cardiac contractility, while early cardiac morphogenesis (looping, chamber formation) proceeds normally but valves and trabeculae fail to form. |
Positional cloning, loss-of-function genetic model (Xenopus tropicalis muzak mutant), histology and cytoskeletal analysis |
Developmental biology |
High |
19769958
|
| 2010 |
MYH6 mutations A230P and A1366D significantly disrupt myofibril formation when GFP-MYH6 fusion proteins are expressed in mouse myoblasts, while mutation H252Q significantly enhances myofibril assembly compared to wild-type, demonstrating that specific residues in MYH6 are required for proper sarcomere/myofibril organization. |
Transfection of GFP-MYH6 fusion constructs (wild-type and mutant) in mouse myoblasts, fluorescence microscopy of myofibril formation |
Human molecular genetics |
Medium |
20656787
|
| 2013 |
Allele-specific RNAi delivered by AAV selectively silences the R403Q mutant Myh6 transcript in heterozygous HCM mice; a ~25% reduction in mutant transcript levels is sufficient to prevent hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis for at least 6 months, establishing that partial suppression of the mutant allele blocks HCM pathogenesis. |
AAV-delivered RNAi in Myh6(R403Q/+) knock-in mice, echocardiography, histology, quantitative RT-PCR |
Science |
High |
24092743
|
| 2016 |
Under pathological cardiac stress, BRG1 (nucleosome-remodeling factor) is activated in cardiomyocytes and sequentially recruits G9a/GLP (histone methyltransferase) and DNMT3 (DNA methyltransferase) to assemble repressive chromatin on the Myh6 promoter, marked by H3K9 methylation and CpG methylation, thereby silencing Myh6 and impairing cardiac contraction; disruption of any component of this complex de-represses Myh6 and reduces stress-induced dysfunction. |
Co-immunoprecipitation of BRG1-G9a-DNMT3 complex, ChIP for H3K9me and CpG methylation on Myh6 promoter, genetic disruption of Brg1/G9a/Dnmt3 in mice, cardiac function assays; validated in human hypertrophic heart tissue |
Biochimica et biophysica acta |
High |
26952936
|
| 2019 |
In adult zebrafish myh6-/- (weak atrium) mutants, loss of atrial myosin heavy chain leads to atrial hypoplasia with elastin deposition; the compensatory ventricular enlargement occurs predominantly via cardiomyocyte hyperplasia (not hypertrophy), accompanied by activation of mammalian hypertrophy-associated transcriptional profiles and ER-stress pathway activation. |
Immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy (cardiomyocyte size/density/proliferation), RT-PCR for hypertrophy markers, western blot for ER stress markers in myh6-/- zebrafish |
Cell and tissue research |
Medium |
31129720
|
| 2016 |
Patient-derived iPSC-cardiomyocytes from HLHS subjects with MYH6 variants exhibit defective cardiomyogenic differentiation and upregulation of MYH7 (β-myosin heavy chain), mirroring in vivo cardiac tissue expression changes; this establishes that MYH6 variants alter the MYH6/MYH7 balance during cardiomyogenesis. |
iPSC cardiomyocyte differentiation from HLHS patients, transcriptome and protein expression analysis of cardiac tissue, MYH7 upregulation quantification |
Physiological genomics |
Medium |
27789736
|
| 2020 |
iPSC-cardiomyocytes carrying the MYH6-R443P head domain variant show dysmorphic sarcomere structure, increased MYH7 expression replacing MYH6 after differentiation day 15, slower contraction rates, reduced shortening, and slower relaxation; CRISPR/Cas9 correction of R443P rescues sarcomere organization and contractile phenotypes, demonstrating that this variant in the MYH6 motor head directly impairs sarcomere assembly and contractility. |
iPSC-cardiomyocyte functional assays (contraction rate, shortening, velocity), immunostaining, CRISPR/Cas9 correction and reintroduction of R443P variant, patient cardiac tissue immunostaining |
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology |
High |
32656206
|
| 1993 |
The human MYH6 gene consists of 39 exons (37 coding), with the 5'-UTR split across 3 exons and the AUG initiation codon in the third exon; all exon/intron boundaries are conserved with cardiac β-MHC (MYH7) except the 13th intron of MYH7 which is absent in MYH6; the encoded protein sequence was fully determined. |
Complete genomic sequencing of human MYH6 locus (26,159 bp) and comparative analysis |
Genomics |
High |
8307559
|
| 2011 |
Three MYH6 missense mutations (R17H, C539R, K543R) associated with familial atrial septal defect are all located in the highly conserved alpha-myosin motor domain region involved in myosin-actin interaction, suggesting that perturbation of this actin-binding interface is a mechanism for MYH6-associated congenital heart defects. |
Array-based resequencing of 13 sarcomeric genes, co-segregation analysis in families, structural and homology analysis of mutation locations |
PloS one |
Medium |
22194935
|
| 2021 |
Novel MYH6 insertion variant Arg1822_Glu1823dup in the coiled-coil tail domain significantly impairs myofibril formation and increases apoptosis in transfected C2C12 myoblasts; molecular simulation reveals the variant impairs the myosin α-helix and increases coiled-coil dimer stability, suggesting altered tail domain self-aggregation as a disease mechanism. |
Transfection of MYH6 variants in C2C12 cells, myofibril formation assay, apoptosis assay, molecular dynamics simulation |
European journal of medical genetics |
Medium |
34481090
|
| 2022 |
Variants in the MYH6 gene promoter (g.4085G>C and g.4716G>A, identified in VSD patients) significantly reduce MYH6 transcriptional activity as shown by dual luciferase reporter assays, and alter transcription factor binding as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, establishing a regulatory mechanism by which promoter variants reduce MYH6 expression. |
Dual luciferase reporter assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), bioinformatics (JASPAR) |
BMC medical genomics |
Medium |
36209093
|
| 2023 |
MYH6 gene promoter variants found in Tetralogy of Fallot patients reduce MYH6 transcriptional activity in dual luciferase reporter assays and alter transcription factor binding in EMSA across three cell lines (HEK-293, HL-1, H9C2), indicating that reduced MYH6 promoter-driven expression is a pathogenic mechanism in TOF. |
Dual luciferase reporter assay, EMSA in three cell lines, bioinformatics (JASPAR) |
Pediatric research |
Medium |
38135727
|
| 2024 |
MYH6 variants in HLHS neonates are associated with impaired right atrial active contractility (reduced RA active strain) as measured by 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography, while RV function is preserved; RA reservoir and conduit strain correlate with heart rate only in variant carriers, demonstrating atrium-specific functional impairment consistent with the atrial predominance of MYH6 expression. |
2D speckle-tracking echocardiography in neonates, strain and strain rate analysis, case-control comparison |
Genes |
Medium |
39596649
|
| 2024 |
MYH6 overexpression suppresses proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo; RNA-seq identified KIT proto-oncogene as a downstream target downregulated by MYH6, and rescue assays confirmed that MYH6's tumor-suppressive effects are mediated through downregulation of KIT expression. |
Overexpression in prostate cancer cell lines, proliferation and migration assays, xenograft in vivo model, RNA-seq, rescue assays with KIT |
Scientific reports |
Medium |
39181964
|
| 2025 |
A gene regulatory enhancer element interacts directly with the MYH6 locus (confirmed by chromatin conformation assays) and controls MYH6 expression; epigenome editing-mediated enhancer activation alters cardiomyocyte response to endothelin-1 stress, preventing polyploidization and changes in calcium dynamics, establishing that enhancer-mediated MYH6 regulation modulates cardiomyocyte stress response and maturation. |
Chromatin conformation assays (3C/Hi-C type), epigenome editing, endothelin-1 stress assay, calcium dynamics measurement, polyploidy analysis in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes |
bioRxivpreprint |
Medium |
|
| 2024 |
hiPSC-CMs carrying HCM-associated MYH6-R725C and MYH7-R723C mutations in 3D engineered heart tissues show elevated TGF-β1 secretion specifically from mutant cardiomyocytes, increased activated fibroblasts, and augmented contraction force; blocking TGF-β1 receptor signaling normalizes fibroblast activation and force to control levels, placing mutant MYH6/7-driven TGF-β1 overexpression upstream of fibroblast activation. |
3D engineered heart tissue (EHT) model, ELISA/secretion assay for TGF-β1, fibroblast activation markers, contraction force measurement, TGF-β receptor antagonist rescue |
bioRxivpreprint |
Low |
|