Affinage

MSI1

RNA-binding protein Musashi homolog 1 · UniProt O43347

Length
362 aa
Mass
39.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
67 papers in source corpus 25 papers cited in narrative 25 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/7 claims corpus-supported (86%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

MSI1 is an RNA-binding protein that acts post-transcriptionally to control stem cell maintenance, cell cycle progression, and tumor-associated phenotypes by binding target mRNA 3'UTRs and tuning their translation and stability (PMID:25362645, PMID:34155343). It directly binds the 3'UTRs of the cell-cycle inhibitors p21, p27, and p53 and represses their translation, promoting S-phase entry; loss of MSI1 raises these proteins and arrests cells in G0/G1 (PMID:25362645, PMID:25394506, PMID:29113163). The same 3'UTR-directed repression extends to TIMP3, where MSI1 suppression of this MMP9 inhibitor drives an MSI1–TIMP3–MMP9 cascade that promotes invadopodia formation, ECM degradation, and metastasis (PMID:34155343). MSI1 can also stabilize transcripts: it shields CD44 mRNA from miRNA-dependent decay (PMID:33291443) and binds and stabilizes Fthl17c mRNA, sustaining intracellular Fe²⁺ for TET enzyme activity and thereby coupling iron homeostasis to DNA demethylation in embryonic stem cells (PMID:42089935). In differentiated neurons, MSI1 together with MSI2 acts in a dose-dependent, partially redundant manner to promote inclusion of photoreceptor-specific alternative exons required for outer segment morphogenesis, ciliogenesis, and synaptic transmission (PMID:33168629). Beyond direct mRNA control, MSI1 engages effector machinery and signaling pathways—it binds AGO2 via its C-terminus (PMID:35158774) and modulates mTOR, ERK, and PTEN/AKT signaling to influence cell fate, apoptosis resistance, and tissue conversion (PMID:32457396, PMID:25747387, PMID:33758618). The ancestral yeast ortholog (CAC3/MSI1) is a WD40-repeat protein that negatively regulates RAS-cAMP/PKA signaling by sequestering the kinase Npr1p, a function genetically separable from its role in CAF-I chromatin assembly (PMID:2554329, PMID:11238915, PMID:10975254).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 18 steps
  1. 1989 High

    Established the founding function of yeast MSI1 as a negative regulator of the RAS-cAMP pathway, placing it within a defined signaling epistasis well before its RNA-binding role was known.

    Evidence High-copy suppressor screen of ira1 heat-shock sensitivity with cAMP measurement in multiple genetic backgrounds

    PMID:2554329

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the biochemical mechanism of cAMP suppression
    • No link to RNA binding or mRNA targets
  2. 2000 Medium

    Refined how yeast MSI1 acts on the pathway, showing it modulates PKA function in a BCY1-dependent manner without inhibiting cAMP synthesis, and separated this from CAF-I chromatin assembly.

    Evidence Genetic epistasis across strains plus PKA activity and cAMP assays

    PMID:10975254

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct physical target within PKA pathway not identified at this stage
    • Single lab
  3. 2001 High

    Identified the molecular basis of RAS/cAMP suppression as sequestration of the kinase Npr1p, establishing a physical mechanism independent of CAF-I.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, reciprocal genetic epistasis (NPR1 deletion/overexpression), and dual nuclear/cytoplasmic localization

    PMID:11238915

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether sequestration is direct enzymatic inhibition or steric is unresolved
    • Relevance to metazoan MSI1 function unknown
  4. 2007 Medium

    Connected MSI1 nuclear accumulation and a transcriptional reporter activity to YAK1 control, adding a regulatory layer to its yeast signaling role.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, transcriptional reporter, and localization under non-fermentable carbon conditions

    PMID:17321547

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transcriptional targets not identified
    • Mechanism of YAK1-dependent localization unresolved
  5. 2006 Medium

    Showed that MSI1 levels are themselves post-transcriptionally controlled, as neural ELAV/HuD proteins stabilize the Msi1 ARE-containing mRNA to raise Musashi-1 protein.

    Evidence In vitro RNA-protein binding and deadenylation/degradation assays plus pharmacological activation in SH-SY5Y cells

    PMID:16554442

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological contexts where HuD controls MSI1 not defined
    • Did not address MSI1's own targets
  6. 2014 High

    Defined the core repressive RNA-binding mechanism of mammalian MSI1, demonstrating direct 3'UTR binding and translational suppression of cell-cycle regulators p21, p27, and p53 to drive proliferation.

    Evidence RNA-protein binding and luciferase 3'UTR reporter assays with gain/loss of function in cervical and colon cancer cells

    PMID:25362645 PMID:25394506

    Open questions at the time
    • Binding-site motif consensus not fully mapped
    • Cofactors required for repression not defined
  7. 2017 Medium

    Extended MSI1's repressive activity to cell-cycle control in osteosarcoma and to EMT/Wnt programs, broadening its tumor-promoting role across tissues.

    Evidence Luciferase 3'UTR reporters, shRNA knockdown, invasion/migration assays, and xenografts

    PMID:28088346 PMID:29113163

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Wnt regulation is direct via an mRNA target is unresolved
    • Single lab per study
  8. 2020 High

    Established a direct, in vivo metastatic mechanism in which MSI1 represses TIMP3 to derepress MMP9, defining the MSI1–TIMP3–MMP9 invadopodia cascade.

    Evidence Direct RNA-binding to Timp3, MMP9 activity and invadopodia assays, lung metastasis model, and clinical correlation

    PMID:34155343

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether other invasion targets contribute is not excluded
    • Structural basis of Timp3 3'UTR recognition unknown
  9. 2020 Medium

    Demonstrated that MSI1 also acts as an mRNA stabilizer, protecting CD44 mRNA from miRNA-dependent decay to support GBM stemness, and that this is pharmacologically targetable.

    Evidence 3'UTR reporter and mRNA turnover assays with luteolin inhibitor in GBM tumorsphere models

    PMID:33291443

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific miRNAs displaced by MSI1 not defined
    • Single lab
  10. 2020 Medium

    Revealed an epigenetic output of MSI1's RNA-stabilizing activity through the MSI1–FTHL17C–Fe²⁺–TET axis controlling DNA methylation in embryonic stem cells.

    Evidence MSI1 knockout, RNA immunoprecipitation, TET activity and 5mC assays, FTHL17C-TET1 Co-IP, and rescue in mESCs

    PMID:42089935

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct structural basis of Fthl17c binding not shown
    • Generality beyond mESCs unknown
  11. 2020 High

    Established a distinct nuclear/splicing function in postmitotic neurons, showing MSI1 (with MSI2) is required for photoreceptor-specific exon inclusion essential for outer segment and cilia integrity.

    Evidence Conditional Msi1/Msi2 double knockout mice with ERG electrophysiology, splicing analysis, and histology

    PMID:33168629

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct RNA contacts on splicing targets not mapped
    • Splicing partners/spliceosomal interface undefined
  12. 2020 High

    Linked MSI1 overexpression to mTOR-driven cell fate conversion in vivo, identifying a pharmacologically reversible signaling output.

    Evidence Transgenic mice, single-cell RNA-seq, lineage tracing, and rapamycin rescue

    PMID:32457396

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct mRNA target connecting MSI1 to mTOR not identified
    • Mechanism upstream of mTOR activation unresolved
  13. 2021 Medium

    Identified the MSI1 C-terminus as the AGO2 interaction interface and validated it as a druggable node, mechanistically tying MSI1 to miRNA effector machinery.

    Evidence Peptide array and Biacore SPR binding plus competitive peptides in GBM xenografts

    PMID:35158774

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of MSI1-AGO2 binding on specific targets not defined
    • Single lab
  14. 2021 Medium

    Delineated an anti-apoptotic signaling route in which MSI1 lowers PTEN to activate AKT and reduce BAK, with rescue confirming the axis.

    Evidence Gain/loss of function, BAK re-expression rescue, apoptosis assays, and xenografts

    PMID:33758618

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PTEN is a direct MSI1 mRNA target not established
    • Single lab
  15. 2022 Medium

    Mapped functionally required MSI1 phosphorylation sites (T18, S19, S34) and showed that activity, not abundance, governs its role in associative memory.

    Evidence Mass spectrometry PTM mapping with CRISPR point mutations and behavioral assays in C. elegans

    PMID:36223338

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinase responsible for these phosphorylations unknown
    • Effect of phosphorylation on RNA binding not directly measured
  16. 2025 Medium

    Established dose-dependent, partially redundant Musashi activity in splicing control, showing a single Msi1 or Msi2 allele suffices to maintain photoreceptor exon inclusion and function.

    Evidence Allelic series of conditional Msi1/Msi2 knockouts with RT-PCR splicing and electrophysiology (preprint)

    PMID:bio_10.1101_2025.11.26.690869

    Open questions at the time
    • Quantitative threshold of Musashi dosage not defined
    • Preprint, single lab
  17. 2025 Medium

    Reported a chromatin/transcriptional activity in which MSI1 binds the ABHD2 promoter to activate its transcription and drive prostate cancer glycolysis, distinct from its 3'UTR roles.

    Evidence ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays with knockdown, glycolysis measurement, and xenograft

    PMID:40067652

    Open questions at the time
    • How a cytoplasmic RNA-binding protein engages DNA/promoters mechanistically is unresolved
    • Single lab
  18. 2024 Medium

    Identified an antiviral function in which MSI1 binds the SARS-CoV-2 3'UTR and represses viral translation by inhibiting PABP, with knockout enhancing viral replication.

    Evidence RNA immunoprecipitation and biochemical binding plus MSI1 knockout in 2D/3D intestinal organoid infection (preprint)

    PMID:bio_10.1101_2024.09.29.615653

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of PABP inhibition not structurally defined
    • Preprint, single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How MSI1 switches between translational repression, mRNA stabilization, splicing regulation, and apparent promoter binding—and how phosphorylation and partner choice (e.g., AGO2, PABP) dictate which output occurs on a given transcript—remains unresolved.
  • No structural model defining context-dependent target selection
  • Determinants of repression versus stabilization on different 3'UTRs unknown
  • Mechanistic basis of nuclear splicing versus cytoplasmic translational roles undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003723 RNA binding 5 GO:0045182 translation regulator activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 1 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 4 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 3
Partners
AGO2FTHL17CHUD/ELAVL4MACF1MSI2NPR1PABP
Complex memberships
CAF-I (chromatin assembly factor I)

Evidence

Reading pass · 25 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1989 Yeast MSI1 encodes a WD40-repeat protein that negatively regulates the RAS-cAMP signaling pathway; overexpression of MSI1 suppresses heat shock sensitivity and reduces elevated intracellular cAMP levels caused by ira1 or RAS2Val19 mutations, but not bcy1 mutations, placing MSI1 upstream of cAMP but downstream of (or parallel to) BCY1. Genetic suppression screen (high-copy plasmid suppressors of ira1 heat-shock sensitivity); cAMP measurement; sporulation assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 2554329
2001 CAC3/MSI1 suppression of the RAS/cAMP pathway is independent of chromatin assembly factor I (CAF-I) subunits CAC1 and CAC2. Cac3p/Msi1p localizes to both nucleus and cytoplasm and physically associates with Npr1p (a cytoplasmic kinase). Deletion of NPR1 phenocopies CAC3 overexpression in suppressing RAS/cAMP, and NPR1 overexpression blocks CAC3-mediated suppression, indicating that excess Cac3p suppresses RAS/cAMP by sequestering Npr1p. Genetic epistasis (double mutants), co-immunoprecipitation/association assay, localization studies, suppression analysis Molecular and cellular biology High 11238915
2000 MSI1 overexpression suppresses hyperactive RAS phenotypes in multiple genetic backgrounds but does not inhibit cAMP synthesis or total cellular PKA activity. MSI1 requires the PKA regulatory subunit BCY1 to inhibit a mutationally activated PKA catalytic subunit, indicating that MSI1 modulates PKA function in a BCY1-dependent manner. MSI1's RAS-suppressing function is separable from its role in CAF-I chromatin assembly. Genetic analysis (multiple yeast strains, epistasis), PKA activity assay, cAMP measurement Current genetics Medium 10975254
2007 MSI1 (CAC3) genetically interacts with YAK1 (a kinase antagonizing RAS/cAMP). MSI1 suppresses heat-shock sensitivity from yak1 deletion. YAK1 is required for Msi1p association with Cac1p (yeast two-hybrid). Msi1p can activate transcription of a reporter when tethered near a promoter in non-fermentable carbon conditions, and this activity requires YAK1. YAK1 antagonizes nuclear accumulation of Msi1p in non-fermenting cells. Yeast two-hybrid, genetic suppression, transcriptional reporter assay, localization analysis Journal of molecular biology Medium 17321547
2006 Neural ELAV proteins (HuD) bind the AU-rich element (ARE) in the Msi1 mRNA 3'UTR in an ARE-dependent manner, stabilize the Msi1 ARE-containing mRNA in a deadenylation/degradation assay, and increase Musashi-1 protein levels. Activation of neural ELAV proteins by phorbol esters in SH-SY5Y cells increases Musashi-1 protein in the cytoskeleton. RNA-protein binding assay, mRNA deadenylation/degradation assay, immunofluorescence co-localization, pharmacological activation Journal of cell science Medium 16554442
2014 MSI1 directly binds the 3'UTR of p21, p27, and p53 mRNAs (verified by RNA-protein binding assays) and suppresses their translation (confirmed by luciferase 3'UTR reporter assays). Overexpression of Msi1 in cervical cancer cells downregulates p21, p27, and p53 protein levels and promotes cell cycle S-phase entry, whereas shRNA knockdown upregulates these proteins and slows S-phase entry. RNA-protein binding assay, luciferase 3'UTR reporter assay, shRNA knockdown, Western blot, flow cytometry Oncotarget High 25362645
2014 Msi1 directly suppresses translation of p21cip1 mRNA via its 3'UTR-specific motif, as demonstrated by a chimeric luciferase-p21cip1 3'UTR reporter assay. Knockdown of Msi1 in colon cancer cells increases p21cip1 protein, induces G0/G1 arrest, and suppresses proliferation and tumorsphere formation. Luciferase chimeric mRNA 3'UTR reporter assay, RNAi knockdown, Western blot, flow cytometry, in vivo xenograft International journal of oncology Medium 25394506
2017 Msi1 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cervical cancer cells; shRNA silencing of Msi1 reduces EMT marker expression and inhibits Wnt signaling activity, while Msi1 expression positively correlates with EMT markers in clinical tissues. shRNA knockdown, Western blot, invasion/migration assay, in vivo tumor assay, immunohistochemistry Human pathology Medium 28088346
2017 MSI1 knockdown in osteosarcoma cells causes G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and upregulation of p21 and p27 protein levels. Luciferase assays confirm that MSI1 binds the 3'UTR of both p21 and p27 mRNAs. shRNA knockdown, luciferase 3'UTR reporter assay, Western blot, flow cytometry, in vivo xenograft Oncology letters Medium 29113163
2015 Msi1 confers TRAIL resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating ERK; forced Msi1 expression increases ERK activation and TRAIL resistance, and siRNA depletion of ERK overcomes Msi1-mediated TRAIL resistance. Differential AKT activation was not responsible. Stable subline isolation, shRNA/siRNA knockdown, forced expression, TRAIL resistance assays in vitro and in vivo xenograft FEBS letters Medium 25747387
2018 MSI1 enhances GBM radioresistance by increasing homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair and promoting VCAM1-mediated tumor invasion; MSI1 knockdown causes DNA damage accumulation in irradiated GBM cells and reduces xenograft tumor formation after irradiation. shRNA knockdown, overexpression, irradiation assays, DNA damage markers (γH2AX), invasion assay, xenograft Radiotherapy and oncology Medium 30322656
2020 The Msi1-mTOR pathway drives keratinocyte-to-Paget-like cell conversion; Msi1 overexpression in epidermal basal cells activates mTOR signaling, and mTOR inhibition with rapamycin rescues the Paget-like phenotype in Msi1-overexpressing transgenic mice. Transgenic mouse model, single-cell RNA-sequencing, lineage tracing, rapamycin treatment, RNA velocity analysis Cell research High 32457396
2020 MSI1 promotes breast cancer metastasis by directly suppressing TIMP3 mRNA (an endogenous inhibitor of MMP9), leading to increased MMP9 expression and activity, invadopodia formation, and ECM degradation. The MSI1-TIMP3-MMP9 cascade is required for invadopodia-mediated metastasis. shRNA knockdown, overexpression, RNA-binding assay (direct suppression of Timp3), MMP9 activity assay, invadopodia assay, in vivo lung metastasis model, clinical correlation Oncogene High 34155343
2020 MSI1 promotes expression of the GBM stem cell marker CD44 by impairing miRNA-dependent degradation of CD44 mRNA via its 3'UTR; this regulation is disrupted by the MSI1 inhibitor luteolin. Knockdown and overexpression, 3'UTR reporter assay, mRNA turnover assay, luteolin inhibitor treatment, GBM cell and primary tumorsphere models Cancers Medium 33291443
2020 MSI1 directly binds and stabilizes the Fthl17c mRNA; MSI1 ablation in mESCs reduces Fthl17c expression, decreasing intracellular Fe2⁺, impairing TET enzyme activity, and increasing global DNA methylation (5mC). FTHL17C interacts with TET1 in the nucleus. Restoration of Fthl17c rescues TET activity and pluripotency gene expression, defining an MSI1-FTHL17C-Fe2⁺-TET axis linking post-transcriptional iron homeostasis control with epigenetic remodeling. Genetic ablation (MSI1 knockout), RNA immunoprecipitation, biochemical TET activity assay, DNA methylation (5mC) measurement, co-immunoprecipitation (FTHL17C-TET1), rescue experiments, fluorescence imaging Cell regeneration (London, England) Medium 42089935
2021 MSI1 interacts with AGO2 via its C-terminus; peptides mimicking the C-terminus of MSI1 (Pep#11 and Pep#26) competitively interfere with MSI1-AGO2 binding (confirmed by Biacore binding analyses), reduce GBM tumorigenesis, and improve survival in GBM animal models. Peptide array, Biacore surface plasmon resonance, recombinant reporter system, in vivo GBM xenograft model Cancers Medium 35158774
2021 MSI1 inhibits cervical cancer cell apoptosis by downregulating PTEN, thereby activating AKT signaling, which reduces the proapoptotic protein BAK; rescue of BAK expression in Msi1-expressing cells restores apoptosis. Overexpression, shRNA knockdown, Western blot, apoptosis assay, rescue experiment (BAK re-expression), in vivo xenograft Journal of Cancer Medium 33758618
2022 MSI1 phosphorylation at residues T18, S19, and S34 (identified by mass spectrometry in C. elegans MSI-1) is necessary for MSI-1 function in both short- and long-term aversive olfactory associative memory; CRISPR-based manipulation of these phosphorylation sites abolishes memory-related MSI-1 function. MSI-1 function is controlled by activity rather than expression levels. Mass spectrometry phosphorylation mapping, CRISPR-based point mutations, behavioral assays (short- and long-term memory) PLoS genetics Medium 36223338
2020 In photoreceptor neurons, both MSI1 and MSI2 are required for inclusion of photoreceptor-specific alternative exons in transcripts critical for outer segment morphogenesis (Cc2d2a, Cep290, Prom1, Ttc8), ciliogenesis, and synaptic transmission. Loss of both Msi1 and Msi2 causes disrupted outer segment morphology, ciliary defects, loss of light response, and photoreceptor degeneration within 6 months. Conditional double knockout mouse (pan-retinal and rod-specific), electrophysiology (ERG), RNA splicing analysis, immunofluorescence, histology The Journal of biological chemistry High 33168629
2025 A single Musashi allele (from either Msi1 or Msi2) is sufficient to maintain photoreceptor function and high inclusion levels of photoreceptor-specific alternative exons (in Cc2d2a, Cep290, Prom1, Ttc8), demonstrating that the Musashi proteins act in a dose-dependent, partially redundant manner to regulate alternative splicing specifically in photoreceptors. Combined conditional Msi1/Msi2 knockouts with progressive allele reduction, RT-PCR splicing analysis, electrophysiology bioRxivpreprint Medium bio_10.1101_2025.11.26.690869
2024 MSI1 directly binds the SARS-CoV-2 3'UTR (confirmed by in vivo RNA immunoprecipitation and biochemical assays), and this binding results in translational repression mediated by inhibition of Poly(A)-binding protein (PABP). MSI1 knockout promotes robust viral replication and increased viral protein expression in intestinal cells, stem cells, and 3D organoids. Computational prediction, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), biochemical binding assay, MSI1 knockout cell lines, 2D and 3D organoid infection assays, viral protein expression quantification bioRxivpreprint Medium bio_10.1101_2024.09.29.615653
2013 Hedgehog signaling agonist (purmorphamine) enhances mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and suppresses apoptosis through the RNA-binding protein Msi1, which regulates c-Myc oncoprotein expression and p21CIP1 cell cycle regulator, and modulates miRNA-148a and miRNA-148b. Hedgehog agonist/antagonist treatment, MSI1 knockdown/overexpression, Western blot, proliferation and apoptosis assays PloS one Low 23418578
2013 Hedgehog signaling negatively regulates osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through Msi1, which suppresses Wnt1 expression and the miR-148 family (especially miR-148b). Hedgehog agonist/antagonist treatment, Msi1 knockdown/overexpression, osteogenic differentiation assays, qRT-PCR Bone Low 23880227
2025 MSI1 binds to the ABHD2 promoter region and activates ABHD2 transcription (confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter and ChIP assays), thereby promoting prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and glycolysis. ChIP assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay, siRNA knockdown, EdU proliferation assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay, glycolysis measurement, xenograft Biochemical genetics Medium 40067652
2022 MSI1 binds MACF1 mRNA (confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation) and stabilizes MACF1 expression. MSI1 and MACF1 both increase in high-glucose-induced MC3T3-E1 cells; MSI1-mediated effects on proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, and osteogenic differentiation require MACF1. The MSI1-MACF1 axis suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote osteogenic differentiation. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), siRNA knockdown, Western blot, CCK-8 assay, TUNEL assay, ALP activity, alizarin red staining Molecular biotechnology Low 36443618

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 67 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2005 MSI1-like proteins: an escort service for chromatin assembly and remodeling complexes. Trends in cell biology 128 15953547
2015 The WD40 Domain Protein MSI1 Functions in a Histone Deacetylase Complex to Fine-Tune Abscisic Acid Signaling. The Plant cell 123 26704384
1989 MSI1, a negative regulator of the RAS-cAMP pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108 2554329
2006 A role for the ELAV RNA-binding proteins in neural stem cells: stabilization of Msi1 mRNA. Journal of cell science 78 16554442
2007 CD44-positive colorectal adenoma cells express the potential stem cell markers musashi antigen (msi1) and ephrin B2 receptor (EphB2). The Journal of pathology 65 17708598
2016 MiR-330-3p inhibits gastric cancer progression through targeting MSI1. American journal of translational research 55 27904681
2011 Msi-1 is a predictor of survival and a novel therapeutic target in colon cancer. Annals of surgical oncology 54 21442350
2020 Potent antibacterial activity of MSI-1 derived from the magainin 2 peptide against drug-resistant bacteria. Theranostics 49 31938070
2014 Msi1 promotes tumor growth and cell proliferation by targeting cell cycle checkpoint proteins p21, p27 and p53 in cervical carcinomas. Oncotarget 46 25362645
2018 MSI1 associates glioblastoma radioresistance via homologous recombination repair, tumor invasion and cancer stem-like cell properties. Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology 42 30322656
2021 Identification of Molds with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry: Performance of the Newly Developed MSI-2 Application in Comparison with the Bruker Filamentous Fungi Database and MSI-1. Journal of clinical microbiology 38 34319807
2000 MSI-1, a neural RNA-binding protein, is involved in male mating behaviour in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 38 11122376
2015 miR-761 inhibits tumor progression by targeting MSI1 in ovarian carcinoma. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 34 26563371
2020 The Msi1-mTOR pathway drives the pathogenesis of mammary and extramammary Paget's disease. Cell research 32 32457396
2021 Exosomal circ_IFT80 Enhances Tumorigenesis and Suppresses Radiosensitivity in Colorectal Cancer by Regulating miR-296-5p/MSI1 Axis. Cancer management and research 31 33658855
2020 The domesticated transposase ALP2 mediates formation of a novel Polycomb protein complex by direct interaction with MSI1, a core subunit of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). PLoS genetics 30 32463832
2020 LINC01094 Down-Regulates miR-330-3p and Enhances the Expression of MSI1 to Promote the Progression of Glioma. Cancer management and research 29 32801889
2015 Role of Msi1 and MAML1 in Regulation of Notch Signaling Pathway in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Journal of gastrointestinal cancer 29 26294058
2015 Role of Msi1 and PYGO2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma depth of invasion. Journal of cell communication and signaling 29 26643817
2016 Correlation Between Meis1 and Msi1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Journal of gastrointestinal cancer 28 27142513
2001 CAC3(MSI1) suppression of RAS2(G19V) is independent of chromatin assembly factor I and mediated by NPR1. Molecular and cellular biology 28 11238915
2014 Downregulation of Msi1 suppresses the growth of human colon cancer by targeting p21cip1. International journal of oncology 26 25394506
2021 Circ_0055625 knockdown inhibits tumorigenesis and improves radiosensitivity by regulating miR-338-3p/MSI1 axis in colon cancer. World journal of surgical oncology 25 33882945
2020 Long noncoding RNA LEF1-AS1 acts as a microRNA-10a-5p regulator to enhance MSI1 expression and promote chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through activating AKT signaling pathway. Journal of cellular biochemistry 25 32786108
2021 Msi1 promotes breast cancer metastasis by regulating invadopodia-mediated extracellular matrix degradation via the Timp3-Mmp9 pathway. Oncogene 24 34155343
2020 Down-Regulation of Circ_0032833 Sensitizes Colorectal Cancer to 5-Fluorouracil and Oxaliplatin Partly Depending on the Regulation of miR-125-5p and MSI1. Cancer management and research 24 33177876
2021 MSI1 and HDA6 function interdependently to control flowering time via chromatin modifications. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 22 34807487
2020 The Musashi proteins MSI1 and MSI2 are required for photoreceptor morphogenesis and vision in mice. The Journal of biological chemistry 22 33168629
2017 Msi1 promotes tumor progression by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cervical cancer. Human pathology 22 28088346
1993 RIM2, MSI1 and PGI1 are located within an 8 kb segment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome II, which also contains the putative ribosomal gene L21 and a new putative essential gene with a leucine zipper motif. Yeast (Chichester, England) 21 8346681
2023 Exosomal Circ_FMN2 Derived from the Serum of Colorectal Cancer Patients Promotes Cancer Progression by miR-338-3p/MSI1 Axis. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 20 36995659
2021 Dual Knockdown of Musashi RNA-Binding Proteins MSI-1 and MSI-2 Attenuates Putative Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics and Therapy Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Cells. International journal of molecular sciences 20 34768932
2015 Knockout of RNA Binding Protein MSI2 Impairs Follicle Development in the Mouse Ovary: Characterization of MSI1 and MSI2 during Folliculogenesis. Biomolecules 20 26131972
2019 PcG Proteins MSI1 and BMI1 Function Upstream of miR156 to Regulate Aerial Tuber Formation in Potato. Plant physiology 19 31427464
2017 Knockdown of MSI1 inhibited the cell proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells by targeting p21 and p27. Oncology letters 19 29113163
2013 The effects of Hedgehog on the RNA-binding protein Msi1 in the proliferation and apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells. PloS one 18 23418578
2013 The effects of hedgehog on RNA binding protein Msi1 during the osteogenic differentiation of human cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Bone 17 23880227
2013 Expression of LGR-5, MSI-1 and DCAMKL-1, putative stem cell markers, in the early phases of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis: correlation with nuclear β-catenin. BMC cancer 16 23374535
2021 MSI-1 combats drug-resistant S. aureus by affecting bacterial viability and inhibiting carotenoid pigment production. Microbiological research 15 34839171
2012 MSI1 overexpression in diffuse type of gastric cancer. Pathology, research and practice 15 23164718
2000 MSI1 suppresses hyperactive RAS via the cAMP-dependent protein kinase and independently of chromatin assembly factor-1. Current genetics 15 10975254
2019 Knockdown of MSI1 inhibits the proliferation of human oral squamous cell carcinoma by inactivating STAT3 signaling. International journal of molecular medicine 14 31059073
2008 The expression of Msi-1 and its significance in small intestinal mucosa severely damaged by high-dose 5-FU. Digestive diseases and sciences 14 18270838
2015 Msi1 confers resistance to TRAIL by activating ERK in liver cancer cells. FEBS letters 13 25747387
2021 miR-671-5p Inhibition by MSI1 Promotes Glioblastoma Tumorigenesis via Radioresistance, Tumor Motility and Cancer Stem-like Cell Properties. Biomedicines 12 35052701
2020 MSI1 Promotes the Expression of the GBM Stem Cell Marker CD44 by Impairing miRNA-Dependent Degradation. Cancers 11 33291443
2015 Regulation of miRNAs by agents targeting the tumor stem cell markers DCLK1, MSI1, LGR5, and BMI1. Current pharmacology reports 11 26366338
2012 Drosophila Rbp6 is an orthologue of vertebrate Msi-1 and Msi-2, but does not function redundantly with dMsi to regulate germline stem cell behaviour. PloS one 11 23209605
2023 Peptide MSI-1 inhibited MCR-1 and regulated outer membrane vesicles to combat immune evasion of Escherichia coli. Microbial biotechnology 10 37329166
2020 Antifungal activity of peptide MSI-1 against Cryptococcus neoformans infection in vitro and in murine cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Peptides 10 32504765
2012 Pleiotropic roles of the Msi1-like protein Msl1 in Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryotic cell 9 23042129
2007 Mutual interdependence of MSI1 (CAC3) and YAK1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Journal of molecular biology 9 17321547
2013 Msi1-Like (MSIL) Proteins in Fungi. Mycobiology 7 23610533
2022 The MSI1 member OsRBAP1 gene, identified by a modified MutMap method, is required for rice height and spikelet fertility. Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology 6 35643623
2021 Msi1 inhibits cervical cancer cell apoptosis by downregulating BAK through AKT signaling. Journal of Cancer 6 33758618
2024 Resveratrol Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Cell Tumor Property by Activating the miR-769-5p/MSI1 Pathway. Molecular biotechnology 5 38771419
2022 Circ_KIAA1199 inhibits MSI1 degradation by targeting miR-34c-5p to drive the malignant cell behaviors and tumor growth of colorectal cancer. Anti-cancer drugs 5 34387591
2018 Functional Polymorphism in the MSI1 Gene Promoter Confers a Decreased Risk of Lung Cancer in Chinese by Reducing MSI1 Expression. Current genomics 5 30065613
2022 Phosphorylation of MSI-1 is implicated in the regulation of associative memory in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS genetics 4 36223338
2024 Characterization of E-Cadherin, SSEA-1, MSI-1, and SOX-2 Expression and Their Association with Pale Cells in Adenomyosis. Biomolecules 3 39595532
2022 MSI1 Stabilizes MACF1 to Inhibit Apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 Cells Induced by High Glucose and Promote Osteogenic Differentiation Through Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Molecular biotechnology 2 36443618
2012 The expression patterns of Msi1 related with the glioma grade and the cytoplasmic Msi1 promotes angiogenesis. Tissue & cell 2 23017339
2022 Strategic Decoy Peptides Interfere with MSI1/AGO2 Interaction to Elicit Tumor Suppression Effects. Cancers 1 35158774
2026 MSI1-FTHL17C-iron circuit couples metabolic and epigenetic control of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells. Cell regeneration (London, England) 0 42089935
2025 MSI1 Accelerates Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration and Glycolysis by Promoting ABHD2 Transcription. Biochemical genetics 0 40067652
2024 A Snapshot of Early Transcriptional Changes Accompanying the Pro-Neural Phenotype Switch by NGN2, ASCL1, SOX2, and MSI1 in Human Fibroblasts: An RNA-Seq Study. International journal of molecular sciences 0 39596450
2011 [Neural stem cell marker MSI-1 expression in rat telencephalon]. Morfologiia (Saint Petersburg, Russia) 0 21866813

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