Affinage

MIOS

GATOR2 complex protein MIOS · UniProt Q9NXC5

Round 2 corrected
Length
875 aa
Mass
98.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
79 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 21 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

MIOS is a core structural subunit of the GATOR2 complex, a ~1.1 MDa cage-like scaffold composed of four MIOS, two WDR24, two WDR59, SEH1L, and SEC13 subunits, in which MIOS contributes non-catalytic RING domain junctions that circularize the assembly (PMID:35831510, PMID:23723238). GATOR2 functions as a positive regulator of mTORC1 by antagonizing the GATOR1 GAP complex toward Rag GTPases; it serves as the integration hub for amino acid sensing, binding the leucine sensor Sestrin2 and the arginine sensor CASTOR1 in a nutrient-dependent manner such that amino acid sufficiency releases these inhibitory sensors from GATOR2 and permits mTORC1 activation (PMID:26449471, PMID:26972053, PMID:25263562). Lysosomal recruitment of GATOR2 is organized by the KICSTOR–SZT2 supercomplex, which is required for nutrient-dependent GATOR1–GATOR2 interaction and mTORC1 regulation (PMID:28199306, PMID:28199315). Beyond mTORC1 signaling, MIOS is required for mTOR-dependent activation of mitotic kinases Aurora A and Plk1 at spindle poles in human cells (PMID:26124292), for oocyte meiotic progression in Drosophila and zebrafish (PMID:21521741, PMID:38898112), and regulates GLUT1-dependent glucose uptake and PPARγ–SERCA2 calcium cycling in mammalian cardiomyocytes and cancer cells (PMID:41013205, PMID:33423678).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 2011 High

    The first physical interaction partner for Mio was identified — the nucleoporin Seh1 — and genetic analysis showed that both genes share an identical oocyte meiotic maintenance phenotype in Drosophila, establishing Mio as a novel factor required for germline meiotic progression.

    Evidence Reciprocal co-IP and null allele phenocopying in Drosophila ovaries

    PMID:21521741

    Open questions at the time
    • Mammalian relevance of the meiotic phenotype was not tested
    • Mechanism by which Mio-Seh1 interaction supports meiosis was unknown
  2. 2013 High

    MIOS was placed in a defined five-subunit complex (GATOR2) that positively regulates mTORC1 by opposing the GATOR1 GAP complex, resolving how upstream nutrient cues reach the Rag GTPases.

    Evidence Co-IP/MS identification of GATOR2 subunits, RNAi epistasis with DEPDC5, S6K phosphorylation readouts in HEK293T cells

    PMID:23723238

    Open questions at the time
    • The direct nutrient sensors feeding into GATOR2 were unknown
    • Structural basis of GATOR2 assembly was unresolved
  3. 2014 High

    Genetic epistasis in Drosophila confirmed that Mio/GATOR2 opposes GATOR1 in vivo to maintain TORC1 activity during oocyte growth, establishing the pathway hierarchy in an animal model and linking it to oocyte fate decisions.

    Evidence Loss-of-function mio and seh1 alleles, epistasis with Tor pathway, rapamycin treatment in Drosophila ovaries

    PMID:25512509

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct biochemical interaction between GATOR2 and GATOR1 in Drosophila was not demonstrated
    • Whether nutrient availability gates this checkpoint was unclear
  4. 2015 High

    The nutrient-sensing logic of GATOR2 was decoded: Sestrin2 (leucine sensor) binds GATOR2, and leucine binding to Sestrin2 disrupts this interaction to activate mTORC1, positioning GATOR2/MIOS as the molecular hub for leucine sensing.

    Evidence Co-IP of Sestrin2–GATOR2, leucine-binding assays, mutagenesis of Sestrin2 leucine pocket, crystal structure of Sestrin2–leucine complex

    PMID:25263562 PMID:26449471 PMID:26586190

    Open questions at the time
    • Which GATOR2 surface(s) Sestrin2 contacts was unknown at this time
    • Whether additional amino acids signal through GATOR2 was not resolved
  5. 2015 Medium

    MIOS was shown to have a cell-cycle function beyond nutrient sensing: its depletion impairs Aurora A and Plk1 activation at spindle poles, linking GATOR2–mTOR signaling to mitotic kinase regulation.

    Evidence siRNA depletion in human cells, immunofluorescence quantification of Aurora A/Plk1 phosphorylation, mitotic defect scoring

    PMID:26124292

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the mitotic phenotype is entirely mTOR-dependent or involves a GATOR2-autonomous mechanism is unresolved
    • Not independently replicated
  6. 2016 High

    CASTOR1 was identified as a second amino acid sensor (for arginine) that binds GATOR2, establishing GATOR2/MIOS as the convergence point for both leucine and arginine sensing arms of mTORC1 regulation.

    Evidence Co-IP of CASTOR1–GATOR2, arginine-binding assays, mutagenesis, mTORC1 activity in arginine-depleted cells

    PMID:26972053

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CASTOR1 and Sestrin2 bind the same or different surfaces of GATOR2 was unknown
    • Structural basis of CASTOR1–GATOR2 interaction was unresolved
  7. 2017 High

    The lysosomal targeting mechanism for GATOR2 was elucidated: KICSTOR and SZT2 recruit GATOR1 and GATOR2 into a lysosome-associated supercomplex (SOG) required for nutrient-dependent mTORC1 regulation, establishing that MIOS/GATOR2 must be lysosome-localized to function.

    Evidence Co-IP, lysosomal fractionation, SZT2 KO cells/mice, KICSTOR KO, mTORC1 activity assays

    PMID:28199306 PMID:28199315

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry of the SOG supercomplex was unresolved
    • How nutrient signals dynamically regulate SOG assembly was unknown
  8. 2022 High

    The cryo-EM structure of GATOR2 revealed its 1.1 MDa cage architecture with four MIOS subunits contributing non-catalytic RING domain junctions, and showed how WD40 β-propeller dimers orient the binding surfaces for Sestrin2, CASTOR1, and GATOR1, providing a structural basis for MIOS's scaffolding role.

    Evidence Cryo-EM at near-atomic resolution, biochemical reconstitution, subunit stoichiometry determination

    PMID:35831510

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the GATOR2–GATOR1 inhibitory interaction is not yet resolved at atomic level
    • Whether the non-catalytic RING domains of MIOS have latent activity or allosteric roles is untested
  9. 2023 Medium

    MIOS (YULINK) was found to colocalize with and regulate GLUT1 membrane translocation and to participate in endocytic vesicle trafficking via interactions with EPS15, RAB33B, and clathrin, extending its functions beyond mTORC1 signaling to glucose metabolism and vesicle trafficking in vascular and cancer cells.

    Evidence Proximity ligation assay, co-IP, FLIM-FRET, yeast two-hybrid, glucose uptake and glycolysis assays in HCC cells and HUVECs

    PMID:36843032 PMID:38057829 PMID:41013205

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether GLUT1 interaction and endosomal trafficking functions are GATOR2-dependent or MIOS-autonomous is unresolved
    • Findings are from a single research group and await independent replication
    • Structural basis of MIOS–GLUT1 interaction is unknown
  10. 2024 Medium

    In zebrafish, Mios was placed downstream of translational regulator Rbpms2 in a GATOR2-mediated checkpoint that integrates sexual differentiation with nutrient availability during oocyte fate determination, and a small-molecule MIOS inhibitor (Mi3) was shown to phenocopy MIOS loss in GBM cells.

    Evidence Genetic epistasis in zebrafish oocytes, mTORC1/autophagy assays, computational docking and Mi3 treatment in GBM cell lines and Dictyostelium

    PMID:38898112 PMID:38928292

    Open questions at the time
    • Mi3 selectivity for MIOS over other GATOR2 subunits is not fully validated
    • Whether the oocyte checkpoint is conserved in mammals remains untested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the atomic-resolution structure of GATOR2 in complex with GATOR1, whether MIOS RING domains possess latent catalytic or allosteric function, the extent to which MIOS functions outside GATOR2 (e.g., GLUT1 regulation, vesicle trafficking) are complex-dependent, and whether pharmacological MIOS inhibition is viable for cancer therapy.
  • No GATOR2–GATOR1 co-structure exists
  • MIOS-autonomous vs GATOR2-dependent functions are not delineated
  • In vivo efficacy and specificity of MIOS-targeting small molecules are untested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 5 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 4 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2
Localization
GO:0005764 lysosome 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 6 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 2 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 1 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 1
Partners
CASTOR1DEPDC5GLUT1SEC13SEH1LSESN2WDR24WDR59
Complex memberships
GATOR2SOG (SZT2-GATOR1-GATOR2 supercomplex)

Evidence

Reading pass · 21 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2013 MIOS (Mios) was identified as a subunit of GATOR2, a five-protein complex (Mios, WDR24, WDR59, Seh1L, Sec13) that positively regulates mTORC1 signaling upstream of the Rag GTPases. Inhibition of GATOR2 subunits suppresses mTORC1 signaling, and epistasis analysis showed GATOR2 negatively regulates GATOR1 component DEPDC5. GATOR2 interacts with the Rag GTPases as part of the amino acid sensing pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, RNAi knockdown, epistasis analysis, mTORC1 activity assays (S6K phosphorylation) Science High 23723238
2011 Drosophila Mio protein physically associates with the nucleoporin Seh1 (ortholog of mammalian Seh1L/SEH1L). In seh1 mutant ovaries, Mio protein levels are greatly diminished, and both mio and seh1 mutants show identical defects in oogenesis: a fraction of oocytes fail to maintain the meiotic cycle and develop as pseudo-nurse cells. This establishes Mio as a novel interacting partner of Seh1 with a conserved role in germline meiotic progression. Co-immunoprecipitation, genetic mutant analysis, immunofluorescence, null allele characterization Development High 21521741
2014 In Drosophila oogenesis, GATOR2 components Mio and Seh1 are required to oppose GATOR1 (Iml1 complex) activity to prevent constitutive inhibition of TORC1 and a block to oocyte growth and development. Loss of Mio causes premature TORC1 inhibition, placing GATOR2 as a positive regulator of TORC1 that antagonizes GATOR1 during meiotic progression. Genetic loss-of-function (mio and seh1 mutants), rapamycin treatment, epistasis with Tor mutants, immunofluorescence for TORC1 activity markers Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences High 25512509
2012 Drosophila Mio (dChREBP ortholog) functions as a transcription factor in the fat body to control triglyceride accumulation: Mio mutants show blunted high-sugar-induced lipogenic enzyme mRNA expression, and fat-body-specific Mio RNAi produces a lean phenotype. Fat-body Mio depletion also decreases feeding behavior, suggesting Mio acts as a nutrient sensor coordinating food consumption and lipid metabolism. Mio mutant analysis, tissue-specific RNAi, triglyceride/glycogen assays, feeding behavior assays, qRT-PCR for lipogenic enzymes Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Medium 22910416
2015 Depletion of Mio in human cells (a GATOR2 component necessary for mTORC1 activation) causes mitotic spindle defects: reduced activation of Aurora A and Plk1 kinases at centrosomes/spindle poles, impaired localization of MCAK and HURP (Aurora A substrates), and spindle assembly/cytokinesis defects. This links GATOR2/Mio to mTOR-dependent regulation of mitotic kinase activation. siRNA depletion of Mio in human cells, immunofluorescence for Aurora A/Plk1/MCAK/HURP, quantification of mitotic defects, kinase activity assays Journal of Cell Biology Medium 26124292
2014 The Sestrins (leucine sensors) interact with GATOR2 (of which MIOS is a core subunit) in an amino-acid-sensitive fashion. Sestrin2-mediated inhibition of mTORC1 requires GATOR1 and Rag GTPases, and Sestrins regulate lysosomal localization of mTORC1 in response to amino acids, placing GATOR2/MIOS as an intermediary between amino acid sensors and the Rag GTPase machinery. Co-immunoprecipitation, amino acid deprivation/stimulation assays, mTORC1 activity (S6K/4EBP1 phosphorylation), siRNA knockdown, fluorescence microscopy of mTOR localization Cell Reports High 25263562
2015 Leucine disrupts the Sestrin2-GATOR2 interaction by binding directly to Sestrin2, activating mTORC1. This positions GATOR2 (containing MIOS) as the molecular hub through which the leucine sensor Sestrin2 regulates mTORC1, since GATOR2 interaction with Sestrin2 is required for amino acid-dependent mTORC1 control. Biochemical binding assays (leucine-binding to Sestrin2), co-immunoprecipitation, mTORC1 activity assays, mutagenesis of leucine-binding pocket Science High 26449471
2015 Crystal structure of Sestrin2 in complex with leucine reveals leucine binding pocket and lid-latch mechanism; structure-guided mutations decrease leucine affinity and shift the leucine concentration required for mTORC1 activation, confirming that GATOR2 (MIOS-containing complex) interaction with Sestrin2 is central to leucine sensing. X-ray crystallography (2.7 Å), structure-guided mutagenesis, mTORC1 activity assays in cells Science High 26586190
2016 CASTOR1 (arginine sensor) interacts with GATOR2 (which contains MIOS) and is required for arginine deprivation to inhibit mTORC1. Arginine binding to CASTOR1 disrupts the CASTOR1-GATOR2 interaction, activating mTORC1. This establishes GATOR2/MIOS as a scaffold that integrates both leucine (via Sestrin2) and arginine (via CASTOR1) sensing inputs. Co-immunoprecipitation, arginine binding assays, mTORC1 activity assays, mutagenesis of arginine-binding residues Cell High 26972053
2017 KICSTOR complex recruits GATOR1 to the lysosomal surface and is required for amino acid or glucose deprivation to inhibit mTORC1. KICSTOR binds GATOR1 but not GATOR2, and is necessary for GATOR1 to interact with the Rag GTPases and with GATOR2, placing MIOS-containing GATOR2 downstream of KICSTOR-GATOR1 interaction in the nutrient-sensing hierarchy. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, lysosomal fractionation, mTORC1 activity assays, mouse knockout Nature High 28199306
2017 SZT2 orchestrates a supercomplex (SOG) by recruiting both GATOR1 and GATOR2 (containing MIOS) to the lysosome. Intact SOG complex is required for lysosomal localization of GATOR2 and for SESN-dependent nutrient sensing and mTORC1 regulation, revealing that MIOS/GATOR2 must be lysosome-localized for full activity. Co-immunoprecipitation, lysosome fractionation, SZT2 knockout cells and mice, mTORC1 activity assays, overexpression rescue experiments Nature High 28199315
2015 Mio functions in Drosophila neurons to regulate feeding and nutrient storage independently of its fat body role. Pan-neuronal disruption of Mio increases triglyceride and glycogen storage without increased food intake; targeted disruption in insulin-producing cells (IPCs) increases food consumption and dilp3 expression, indicating Mio controls neuropeptide gene expression in IPCs to coordinate feeding with nutrient availability. Tissue-specific RNAi (pan-neuronal and IPC-specific), triglyceride/glycogen biochemical assays, feeding behavior quantification, qRT-PCR for insulin-like peptides Gene Medium 26024590
2015 Muscle-specific depletion of Mio in Drosophila results in increased thorax glycogen storage and a flight defect due to altered myofibril shape and size in indirect flight muscles, with reduced myofibril size also observed pre-eclosion, indicating a role for Mio in myofibril development and muscle metabolism. Muscle-specific RNAi, glycogen assays, electron microscopy of indirect flight muscles, flight performance assays PLoS One Medium 26305467
2022 Cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human GATOR2 complex (1.1 MDa, 2-fold symmetric, cage-like) reveals that MIOS contributes four of the eight scaffold subunits (two WDR24, four MIOS, two WDR59) circularized via non-catalytic RING domains and α-solenoids. MIOS non-catalytic RING domains form one type of inter-subunit junction. SEH1L and SEC13 stabilize the complex through β-propeller blade donation. The scaffold orients WD40 β-propeller dimers that mediate interactions with SESN2, CASTOR1, and GATOR1. Cryo-electron microscopy, biochemical reconstitution, subunit stoichiometry determination, interaction mapping Nature High 35831510
2022 E3 ligase RNF167 ubiquitinates Sestrin2, promoting its interaction with GATOR2 (MIOS-containing complex) and inhibiting mTORC1 signaling in response to leucine availability, while deubiquitinase STAMBPL1 opposes this. This identifies ubiquitination of Sestrin2 as a post-translational mechanism regulating GATOR2/MIOS engagement. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, mTORC1 activity assays, RNF167/STAMBPL1 knockout cells, cell-permeable peptide inhibitor Molecular Cell Medium 35114100
2024 In zebrafish, Rbpms2 (RNA binding protein) acts as a translational regulator upstream of the GATOR2 component Mios to promote oocyte fate. Genetic analyses show Rbpms2 promotes nucleolar amplification via the mTorc1 signaling pathway specifically through Mios; loss of Mios phenocopies loss of Rbpms2 in blocking oocyte progression through a GATOR2-mediated checkpoint that integrates sexual differentiation and nutrient availability. Genetic epistasis (mios mutants, rbpms2 mutants), mTORC1 activity assays in oocytes, translational reporter assays, zebrafish oogenesis phenotyping Nature Communications Medium 38898112
2021 YULINK (MIOS, Entrez 54468) knockdown in zebrafish cardiomyocytes and mouse HL-1 cardiomyocytes disrupts Ca²⁺ cycling and reduces SERCA2 expression. Mechanistically, Yulink knockdown reduces PPARγ DNA binding activity, and PPARγ agonists restore Serca2 expression, indicating Yulink regulates Serca2 via PPARγ nuclear entry. This function was confirmed in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Morpholino knockdown in zebrafish, shRNA in HL-1 and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, Ca²⁺ imaging, PPARγ DNA binding assay, Western blot, qPCR, PPARγ agonist/antagonist rescue Journal of Biomedical Science Medium 33423678
2023 YULINK (MIOS) knockdown or overexpression modulates PASMC migration, proliferation, and glycolysis. YULINK colocalizes with GLUT1 on PASMC membranes under PAH-related conditions. YULINK inhibition suppresses PDGFR phosphorylation and downstream PI3K/AKT/FAK signaling, indicating YULINK regulates glycolytic metabolism and proliferative signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells through PI3K-AKT pathway. siRNA knockdown, overexpression, co-localization immunofluorescence, migration assay, glucose uptake assay, Western blot for signaling components Biological Research Medium 38057829
2023 YULINK (MIOS) knockdown in HUVECs impairs cell migration, capillary tube formation, and VEGF-induced VEGFR2 internalization. Yeast two-hybrid, FLIM-FRET, and immunoprecipitation show YULINK colocalizes with endosomal proteins (EPS15, RAB33B, TICAM2, Clathrin, RHOB), suggesting YULINK participates in endocytic vesicle trafficking to regulate vascular formation. Morpholino knockdown in zebrafish, siRNA in HUVECs, yeast two-hybrid, FLIM-FRET, immunoprecipitation, co-localization imaging, tube formation assay Biological Research Medium 36843032
2024 YULINK (MIOS) interacts with and colocalizes with GLUT1 at the cell membrane in HCC cells (Huh7), as shown by proximity ligation assay and immunoprecipitation. Yulink knockdown suppresses GLUT1 expression and disrupts GLUT1 translocation from cytosol to cell membrane, reducing glucose uptake and glycolysis. Under glucose restriction, Yulink deficiency enhances cell death via increased ROS and DNA damage with failure of ATM-CHK2 activation. Proximity ligation assay, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, glucose uptake assay, glycolytic function assay, ROS measurement, xenograft tumor model Molecular Medicine Medium 41013205
2024 In Dictyostelium discoideum and GBM cell lines, tanshinone IIA (T2A) induces autophagy and inhibits mTORC1 via Sestrin2 (SESN) acting through MIOS (GATOR2 component); these effects are lost upon ablation of SESN or MIOS. Computational docking identified small-molecule MIOS inhibitor Mi3, which reduces GBM cell proliferation, inhibits mTORC1, and induces autophagy in a MIOS-dependent manner. Genetic ablation of mios in Dictyostelium, mTORC1 activity assays, autophagy assays, computational docking, GBM cell line treatment with Mi3 International Journal of Molecular Sciences Medium 38928292

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 79 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2009 Defining the human deubiquitinating enzyme interaction landscape. Cell 1282 19615732
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2015 Sestrin2 is a leucine sensor for the mTORC1 pathway. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1027 26449471
2015 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. Cell 1015 26496610
2013 A Tumor suppressor complex with GAP activity for the Rag GTPases that signal amino acid sufficiency to mTORC1. Science (New York, N.Y.) 884 23723238
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2016 The CASTOR Proteins Are Arginine Sensors for the mTORC1 Pathway. Cell 662 26972053
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2005 Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. Genome research 409 16344560
2015 Structural basis for leucine sensing by the Sestrin2-mTORC1 pathway. Science (New York, N.Y.) 376 26586190
2014 The Sestrins interact with GATOR2 to negatively regulate the amino-acid-sensing pathway upstream of mTORC1. Cell reports 353 25263562
2021 A proximity-dependent biotinylation map of a human cell. Nature 339 34079125
2002 In vitro characterization of a spontaneously immortalized human Müller cell line (MIO-M1). Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 293 11867609
2017 KICSTOR recruits GATOR1 to the lysosome and is necessary for nutrients to regulate mTORC1. Nature 270 28199306
2016 An organelle-specific protein landscape identifies novel diseases and molecular mechanisms. Nature communications 211 27173435
2007 MIO-M1 cells and similar muller glial cell lines derived from adult human retina exhibit neural stem cell characteristics. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 211 17525239
2018 An AP-MS- and BioID-compatible MAC-tag enables comprehensive mapping of protein interactions and subcellular localizations. Nature communications 201 29568061
2007 Integral and associated lysosomal membrane proteins. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 163 17897319
2017 SZT2 dictates GATOR control of mTORC1 signalling. Nature 159 28199315
2016 Pooled-matrix protein interaction screens using Barcode Fusion Genetics. Molecular systems biology 89 27107012
2021 SARS-CoV-2-host proteome interactions for antiviral drug discovery. Molecular systems biology 86 34709727
2008 Human Müller stem cell (MIO-M1) transplantation in a rat model of glaucoma: survival, differentiation, and integration. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 86 18408183
2015 Systematic proteomics of the VCP-UBXD adaptor network identifies a role for UBXN10 in regulating ciliogenesis. Nature cell biology 81 26389662
2016 Substrate-Trapped Interactors of PHD3 and FIH Cluster in Distinct Signaling Pathways. Cell reports 77 26972000
2016 Phenotypic and Interaction Profiling of the Human Phosphatases Identifies Diverse Mitotic Regulators. Cell reports 72 27880917
2022 E3 ligase RNF167 and deubiquitinase STAMBPL1 modulate mTOR and cancer progression. Molecular cell 71 35114100
2022 Structure of the nutrient-sensing hub GATOR2. Nature 69 35831510
2015 Temporal proteomics of NGF-TrkA signaling identifies an inhibitory role for the E3 ligase Cbl-b in neuroblastoma cell differentiation. Science signaling 61 25921289
2014 TORC1 regulators Iml1/GATOR1 and GATOR2 control meiotic entry and oocyte development in Drosophila. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 54 25512509
2007 The mechanism of MIO-based aminomutases in beta-amino acid biosynthesis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 54 18052279
2004 Characterization of the basic fibroblast growth factor-evoked proliferation of the human Müller cell line, MIO-M1. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie 44 14963717
2011 The nucleoporin Seh1 forms a complex with Mio and serves an essential tissue-specific function in Drosophila oogenesis. Development (Cambridge, England) 39 21521741
1972 Study of some stages of poliovirus morphogenesis in MiO cells. Journal of virology 38 4342243
2012 Mio/dChREBP coordinately increases fat mass by regulating lipid synthesis and feeding behavior in Drosophila. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 36 22910416
2014 Phenylalanine ammonia lyase catalyzed synthesis of amino acids by an MIO-cofactor independent pathway. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 35 24692092
2011 The human Müller cell line MIO-M1 expresses opsins. Molecular vision 30 22065927
2022 MiOS, an integrated imaging and computational strategy to model gene folding with nucleosome resolution. Nature structural & molecular biology 24 36220894
2017 Phenylalanine ammonia lyase from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPAL2): A potent MIO-enzyme for the synthesis of non-canonical aromatic alpha-amino acids: Part I: Comparative characterization to the enzymes from Petroselinum crispum (PcPAL1) and Rhodosporidium toruloides (RtPAL). Journal of biotechnology 21 28392421
2017 Disturbed mitochondrial function restricts glutamate uptake in the human Müller glia cell line, MIO-M1. Mitochondrion 20 28185966
2010 Probing the active site of MIO-dependent aminomutases, key catalysts in the biosynthesis of beta-amino acids incorporated in secondary metabolites. Biopolymers 19 20577998
2015 Mio depletion links mTOR regulation to Aurora A and Plk1 activation at mitotic centrosomes. The Journal of cell biology 18 26124292
2015 Mio acts in the Drosophila brain to control nutrient storage and feeding. Gene 17 26024590
2021 Effects of fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines on mitochondria of human retinal MIO-M1 cells. Experimental eye research 13 34856207
2013 Hydroquinone induces oxidative and mitochondrial damage to human retinal Müller cells (MIO-M1). Neurotoxicology 12 23994029
2024 Rbpms2 promotes female fate upstream of the nutrient sensing Gator2 complex component Mios. Nature communications 11 38898112
2018 Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain R124 Encodes Three Different MIO Enzymes. Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology 11 29193598
2017 Cellular stress response in human Müller cells (MIO-M1) after bevacizumab treatment. Experimental eye research 11 28419863
2020 PTH1-34 inhibited TNF-α expression and antagonized TNF-α-induced MMP13 expression in MIO mice. International immunopharmacology 10 33359852
2022 Statins Inhibit the Gliosis of MIO-M1, a Müller Glial Cell Line Induced by TRPV4 Activation. International journal of molecular sciences 9 35563594
2018 Contribution of the clock gene DEC2 to VEGF mRNA upregulation by modulation of HIF1α protein levels in hypoxic MIO-M1 cells, a human cell line of retinal glial (Müller) cells. Japanese journal of ophthalmology 9 30250985
2017 Phenylalanine ammonia lyase from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPAL2): A potent MIO-enzyme for the synthesis of non-canonical aromatic alpha-amino acids.: Part II: Application in different reactor concepts for the production of (S)-2-chloro-phenylalanine. Journal of biotechnology 9 28472673
2016 Stepwise Simulation of 3,5-Dihydro-5-methylidene-4H-imidazol-4-one (MIO) Biogenesis in Histidine Ammonia-lyase. Biochemistry 9 27682658
2022 Origin and Evolution of Enzymes with MIO Prosthetic Group: Microbial Coevolution After the Mass Extinction Event. Frontiers in genetics 8 35422843
2018 Development of a murine intravesical orthotopic human bladder cancer (mio-hBC) model. American journal of clinical and experimental urology 8 30697580
2023 The novel roles of YULINK in the migration, proliferation and glycolysis of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells: implications for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biological research 6 38057829
2016 Hydrogen peroxide modulates energy metabolism and oxidative stress in cultures of permanent human Müller cells MIO-M1. Journal of biophotonics 6 27896951
2015 The Regulation of Muscle Structure and Metabolism by Mio/dChREBP in Drosophila. PloS one 6 26305467
2025 Acute Hyperglycemia-Induced Inflammation in MIO-M1 Cells: The Role of Aldose Reductase. International journal of molecular sciences 5 40724989
2021 Yulink, predicted from evolutionary analysis, is involved in cardiac function. Journal of biomedical science 5 33423678
2016 Endothelin B Receptors on Primary Chicken Müller Cells and the Human MIO-M1 Müller Cell Line Activate ERK Signaling via Transactivation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors. PloS one 4 27930693
2024 Systematic Analysis of the MIO-forming Residues of Aromatic Ammonia Lyases. Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology 3 38323706
2023 Different responses of the MIO‑M1 Mueller cell line to angiotensin II under hyperglycemic or hypoxic conditions. Biomedical reports 3 37614982
2020 Climatic oscillations during the Mio/Pliocene epochs induced cladogenesis in the terrestrial snail genus Gittenedouardia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cerastidae) from South Africa. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 3 33130297
2018 Alpha 2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist Brimonidine Stimulates ERK1/2 and AKT Signaling via Transactivation of EGF Receptors in the Human MIO-M1 Müller Cell Line. Current eye research 3 30198788
2024 Developing a Tanshinone IIA Memetic by Targeting MIOS to Regulate mTORC1 and Autophagy in Glioblastoma. International journal of molecular sciences 2 38928292
2024 Reverse genetic approaches allowing the characterization of the rabies virus street strain belonging to the SEA4 subclade. Scientific reports 2 39122768
2024 Gliotic Response and Reprogramming Potential of Human Müller Cell Line MIO-M1 Exposed to High Glucose and Glucose Fluctuations. International journal of molecular sciences 1 39684590
2023 YULINK regulates vascular formation in zebrafish and HUVECs. Biological research 1 36843032
2022 MIO: microRNA target analysis system for immuno-oncology. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 1 35642895
2025 YULINK deficiency promotes cell death under glucose restriction in HCC cells in association with GLUT1-mediated glycolysis. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 0 41013205
2024 Rbpms2 promotes female fate upstream of the nutrient sensing Gator2 complex component, Mios. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 38328218
2018 RETRACTED: Deficiency of a novel gene, Yulink, predisposes to heart failure and ventricular arrhythmia. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 0 29401584
1981 [Action of human leukocyte interferon on poliomyelitis virus reproduction in resistant MIO(r) cells]. Voprosy virusologii 0 6171100
1980 [Comparative karyologic study of transplantable MIO and MIO-r cells, sensitive and resistant to poliomyelitis virus]. Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny 0 6249427
1978 The effect of inhibitors of cellular RNA synthesis on stimulation of mouse encephalomyocarditis virus reproduction by poliovirus in HeLa and MIO cells. Acta virologica 0 27964