Affinage

MGA

MAX gene-associated protein · UniProt Q8IWI9

Length
3065 aa
Mass
336.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
84 papers in source corpus 20 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

MGA is a dual-specificity transcription factor that, through a Myc-like bHLHZip motif and a separate T-box domain, binds E-box (CACGTG) sequences in a MAX-dependent manner and Brachyury T-box sites, acting predominantly as a transcriptional repressor antagonistic to MYC (PMID:10601024, PMID:31862696). Its central role is as the obligate scaffolding subunit of the non-canonical Polycomb repressive complex PRC1.6 (with MAX, E2F6, L3MBTL2, and PCGF6): MGA ablation abolishes genome-wide PRC1.6 chromatin binding, and MGA stabilizes the complex's subunits while recruiting it via both DNA-binding-dependent and -independent mechanisms (PMID:29381691, PMID:34236315, PMID:31862696). MGA layers an additional repressive mark onto its targets by physically recruiting the SETDB1/ATF7IP complex through ATF7IP to deposit H3K9me3 at meiosis-related loci, reinforcing PRC1/PRC2-dependent repression (PMID:40727931), and its bHLHZ and T-box domains repress distinct yet overlapping gene sets, with the bHLHZ domain specifically silencing the meiotic-entry gene Meiosin (PMID:34224650). Through these activities MGA functions as a tumor suppressor, attenuating MYC and E2F target genes; its loss de-represses proliferation, metastasis, and OXPHOS programs—driving lung cancer invasion (PMID:34236315), Richter's transformation via the NME1-OXPHOS axis (PMID:39083585), and aggressive RUNX1::RUNX1T1 AML (PMID:38454121). MGA also gatekeeps cell-fate decisions, sustaining pluripotent ICM/ESC survival through the polyamine pathway (PMID:25516968) and preventing primitive-endoderm differentiation by repressing GATA4/GATA6/SOX17 (PMID:33523934). Heterozygous loss-of-function MGA variants cause premature ovarian insufficiency in humans, recapitulated by subfertility in Mga+/- mice (PMID:39545409). Beyond its repressor role, MGA participates in vertebrate developmental signaling, cooperating with MAX-SMAD4 and modulating BMP and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in zebrafish and Xenopus embryos (PMID:24525188, PMID:20044811, PMID:23070227, PMID:30324105).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 1999 High

    Established MGA as a dual-specificity transcription factor, defining how a single protein engages two distinct DNA recognition systems and depends on MAX for E-box binding.

    Evidence In vitro heterodimerization and DNA-binding assays with transcriptional reporters and domain analysis

    PMID:10601024

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not place MGA in a specific repressive complex
    • In vivo target genes not identified
  2. 2010 High

    Showed MGA acts upstream of gata4 and mesendoderm regulators in vertebrate development, positioning it within early embryonic patterning beyond transcriptional repression in cell lines.

    Evidence Morpholino knockdown, transcript profiling, and genetic epistasis rescue in zebrafish

    PMID:20044811

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs. indirect regulation of gata4 not distinguished
    • Molecular complex mediating repression not defined
  3. 2012 Medium

    Linked MGA to Wnt/β-catenin signaling by showing it potentiates β-catenin in organizer induction downstream of XTcf3.

    Evidence Morpholino knockdown, overexpression, and epistasis in Xenopus

    PMID:23070227

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab, single model organism
    • Mechanism of β-catenin potentiation not resolved
  4. 2014 High

    Demonstrated a non-PRC1.6 developmental role: MGA forms a complex with MAX and SMAD4 to drive a BMP signaling feedback loop in zebrafish.

    Evidence Co-IP from embryo extracts, in vitro complex reconstitution, DNA binding, and morpholino depletion

    PMID:24525188

    Open questions at the time
    • Relationship between this activating complex and the repressive PRC1.6 role unclear
    • Mammalian relevance not established
  5. 2015 High

    Identified MGA as essential for pluripotent cell survival, acting through the polyamine biosynthesis pathway via Odc1 regulation.

    Evidence Loss-of-function allele and RNAi with in vivo embryo and ESC phenotypes rescued by exogenous putrescine

    PMID:25516968

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Odc1 is a direct MGA target not shown
    • Connection to PRC1.6 repression not made at this stage
  6. 2018 High

    Established MGA as the essential targeting subunit of PRC1.6, answering how the non-canonical complex finds its genomic loci.

    Evidence ChIP-seq with CRISPR ablation and rescue across human and mouse cells

    PMID:29381691

    Open questions at the time
    • DNA-binding-independent recruitment mechanism not molecularly defined
    • Repressive chromatin output downstream of binding not characterized
  7. 2019 High

    Defined the PRC1.6 composition (MAX, E2F6, PCGF6, no MYC) by affinity proteomics and showed MGA represses MYC-activated genes, formalizing MGA-MYC antagonism.

    Evidence Mass spectrometry affinity proteomics, ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and proliferation assays

    PMID:31862696

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry and structural arrangement of complex unresolved
  8. 2021 High

    Consolidated MGA's tumor-suppressor identity and dissected its targeting determinants: it stabilizes ncPRC1.6 to attenuate MYC/E2F targets, with MAX required for full genomic occupancy and the bHLHZ/T-box domains repressing distinct gene sets including meiotic genes and endoderm factors.

    Evidence CRISPR inactivation in mouse lung cancer models, ESC differentiation and screen, domain mutagenesis, MAX-restitution SCLC lines, ChIP-seq/RNA-seq and invasion assays

    PMID:31862696 PMID:33523934 PMID:34224650 PMID:34236315 PMID:34493659

    Open questions at the time
    • How DNA-binding-independent recruitment is achieved still open
    • Precise determinants of domain-specific target selection incomplete
  9. 2021 Medium

    Revealed a meiosis-specific antagonistic mechanism in which germ cells produce a PTC-bearing MGA splice variant acting as a dominant-negative against PRC1.6 to permit meiotic progression.

    Evidence Variant mRNA sequencing, dominant-negative functional characterization, and NMD analysis

    PMID:33958653

    Open questions at the time
    • PRC1.6 disruption by the variant inferred rather than reconstituted
    • In vivo requirement of the variant not demonstrated
  10. 2022 Medium

    Showed that pathogen interference with the MGA/MAX complex (by SARS-CoV-2 Nsp6) shifts balance toward MYC/MAX to drive glycolysis and cardiac dysfunction, linking MGA function to metabolic reprogramming.

    Evidence SARS-CoV-2 protein expression and interaction assays in Drosophila heart, transcriptomics, mouse cardiomyocytes, and 2-DG rescue

    PMID:36180527

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism partially inferred
    • Direct interaction of Nsp6 with each subunit not fully mapped
  11. 2024 High

    Demonstrated MGA loss drives metabolic reprogramming toward OXPHOS in malignant transformation, identifying NME1 as a direct MGA target and an actionable MYC/ETC vulnerability.

    Evidence CRISPR Mga knockout in CLL mouse model, RNA-seq, OXPHOS assays, and in vivo pharmacological inhibition

    PMID:39083585

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether NME1 regulation requires PRC1.6 not shown
    • Generality of OXPHOS axis beyond Richter's transformation untested
  12. 2024 Medium

    Validated patient-derived MGA mutations as loss-of-function in leukemia and showed MGA loss opens proliferation-gene chromatin and accelerates AML, plus a tumor-immune evasion role in TNBC.

    Evidence Interaction and reporter assays, conditional KO mouse, RNA-seq/ATAC-seq, AML model, and in vivo CRISPR immune screens

    PMID:38454121 PMID:39298484

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of immune-evasion phenotype not resolved
    • Direct chromatin targets driving accessibility changes not fully enumerated
  13. 2024 Medium

    Established a human Mendelian phenotype: MGA haploinsufficiency causes premature ovarian insufficiency, demonstrating dosage sensitivity of MGA in reproduction.

    Evidence Exome-wide case-control analysis and Mga+/- mouse fertility and follicle phenotyping

    PMID:39545409

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream molecular mechanism in the ovary not resolved
    • Whether PRC1.6/meiotic targets mediate the phenotype not shown
  14. 2024 Medium

    Showed MAX-MGA competition is dynamically regulated by extracellular signaling, with LTβR activation diverting MAX from c-Myc to MGA to suppress Cx43 and promote arrhythmia.

    Evidence Cardiomyocyte interaction/competition assays, ischemia-reperfusion animal model, and valtrate pharmacological intervention

    PMID:39028940

    Open questions at the time
    • MGA-MAX-cMyc competition not fully reconstituted in vitro
    • Direct vs. indirect Cx43 regulation unresolved
  15. 2025 High

    Identified a second chromatin-modifying axis: MGA directly recruits SETDB1/ATF7IP via ATF7IP to deposit H3K9me3, layering an additional repressive mark beyond PRC1/PRC2 modifications.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, H3K9me3 ChIP-seq, and SETDB1/ATF7IP knockdown in Mga-null ESCs

    PMID:40727931

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SETDB1 recruitment is coupled to or independent of PRC1.6 assembly unclear
    • Structural basis of MGA-ATF7IP interaction not defined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How MGA's DNA-binding-independent recruitment of PRC1.6, its dual chromatin-modifying outputs, and its context-specific signaling roles are integrated into a unified mechanism remains unresolved.
  • No structural model of MGA within PRC1.6 or with ATF7IP
  • Determinants selecting between repressive and developmental-signaling roles unknown
  • Molecular mechanism of POI and immune-evasion phenotypes unresolved

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 4 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0003677 DNA binding 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 2
Partners
ATF7IPE2F6L3MBTL2MAXPCGF6SETDB1SMAD4TFDP1
Complex memberships
MGA-MAX heterodimerMGA-MAX-SMAD4 complexPRC1.6 (non-canonical PCGF6-PRC1)SETDB1/ATF7IP complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1999 MGA (Max gene associated) contains a Myc-like bHLHZip motif and requires heterodimerization with MAX for binding to the CACGTG E-box sequence (preferred Myc-Max binding site). MGA also contains a T-box/T-domain that binds the preferred Brachyury-binding sequence. As a transcription factor, MGA represses reporter genes containing Brachyury-binding sites but is converted to a transcription activator of both Myc-Max and Brachyury site-containing reporters in a MAX-dependent manner. Heterodimerization and DNA-binding assays; transcriptional reporter assays; protein domain analysis The EMBO journal High 10601024
2018 MGA is required for genomic targeting of the non-canonical Polycomb repressive complex PRC1.6. CRISPR/Cas-mediated ablation of MGA in human cells causes complete loss of PRC1.6 binding genome-wide. Rescue experiments show MGA recruits PRC1.6 both through DNA binding-dependent and DNA binding-independent mechanisms. L3MBTL2 and E2F6 (but not PCGF6) mediate locus-specific PRC1.6 loading at distinct promoter sets. ChIP-seq; CRISPR/Cas9 ablation; rescue experiments; genome-wide colocalization analysis PLoS genetics High 29381691
2021 MGA loss in mouse lung cancer models de-represses non-canonical PRC1.6 (ncPRC1.6) target genes including those involved in metastasis and meiosis. MGA-MAX, E2F6, and L3MBTL2 co-occupy thousands of promoters and MGA stabilizes ncPRC1.6 subunits. MGA loss in human lung adenocarcinoma lines augments invasive capabilities, establishing MGA as a bona fide tumor suppressor acting through widespread transcriptional attenuation of MYC and E2F target genes via the MGA-MAX/ncPRC1.6 complex. CRISPR-based Mga inactivation in mouse lung cancer models; ChIP-seq; RNA-seq; Co-IP for complex stabilization; invasion assays; human colon organoids eLife High 34236315
2019 MGA interacts with a non-canonical PCGF6-PRC1 complex containing MAX and E2F6 (but not MYC) as determined by mass spectrometry-based affinity proteomics. MGA binds to and represses genes that are bound and activated by MYC, acting antagonistically to MYC in transcriptional regulation and cellular proliferation. Mass spectrometry-based affinity proteomics; ChIP-seq; RNA-seq; proliferation assays Molecular cancer research : MCR High 31862696
2014 In zebrafish, MGA coimmunoprecipitates with both MAX and SMAD4 in embryo extracts, and the three proteins form a complex in vitro. All three proteins bind to a DNA fragment upstream of the bmp2b transcription start site. Targeted depletion of MGA, MAX, or SMAD4 from the yolk syncytial layer (YSL) reduces BMP signaling and causes a dorsalized phenotype, demonstrating MGA-MAX-SMAD4 act together in the YSL to initiate a positive feedback loop of Bmp2b/Swirl signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation from embryo extracts; in vitro complex reconstitution; DNA binding assay; targeted depletion by morpholino injection; BMP signaling readouts Developmental cell High 24525188
2015 Mga is essential for survival of pluripotent inner cell mass (ICM) and epiblast cells in peri-implantation mouse embryos. Loss of Mga causes death of proliferating pluripotent ICM cells in vivo and of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro. Odc1 (rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis) expression is reduced in Mga mutant cells, and survival of mutant ICM cells and ESCs is rescued by addition of exogenous putrescine, indicating MGA regulates pluripotent cell survival through the polyamine biosynthesis pathway. Loss-of-function allele and RNA knockdown; in vivo embryo analysis; ESC culture; gene expression analysis; putrescine rescue experiment Development (Cambridge, England) High 25516968
2021 MGA deletion in mouse ESCs leads to spontaneous differentiation to primitive endoderm (PE). MGA serves as a scaffold for PRC1.6 assembly and guides this complex to specific genomic targets including genes encoding endodermal factors GATA4, GATA6, and SOX17, acting as a gatekeeper to prevent ESCs from entering the PE lineage. CRISPR-based loss-of-function screen in ESCs; ChIP-seq; RNA-seq; genetic complementation Science advances High 33523934
2021 MGA's bHLHZ and T-box DNA-binding domains each repress distinct sets of genes in mouse ESCs, with substantial overlap at meiosis-related genes. The bHLHZ domain is specifically required for repressing Meiosin, a gene essential for meiotic entry with STRA8, revealing the molecular mechanism by which MGA links PRC1.6 to negative regulation of meiotic onset. Domain-specific mutation analysis; ChIP-seq; RNA-seq in murine ESCs; gene expression analysis Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) High 34224650
2021 Germ cells produce a variant MGA mRNA bearing a premature termination codon (PTC) during meiosis via alternative splicing. This variant encodes an anomalous MGA protein lacking the bHLHZ domain that functions as a dominant negative regulator of PRC1.6, helping to impede PRC1.6 function as a prerequisite for meiotic progression. The variant mRNA is stably maintained in spermatocytes and spermatids due to inefficient nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Identification of variant mRNA by sequencing; functional characterization of truncated protein as dominant negative; NMD analysis Scientific reports Medium 33958653
2025 MGA directly recruits the SETDB1/ATF7IP complex to meiosis-related gene loci in mouse ESCs through physical interaction with ATF7IP. This results in H3K9me3 deposition at these loci, establishing a more robustly repressed state beyond PRC1/PRC2-dependent modifications (H2AK119ub1 and H3K27me3). MGA thus plays a dual scaffolding role in PRC1.6 assembly and in recruiting SETDB1-mediated H3K9me3. Co-immunoprecipitation; ChIP-seq for H3K9me3; functional knockdown of SETDB1 and ATF7IP; analysis in Mga-null ESCs iScience High 40727931
2024 MGA deletion drives Richter's transformation (CLL to aggressive lymphoma) via elevation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). MGA directly regulates NME1 (nucleoside diphosphate kinase), and loss of MGA upregulates NME1 to drive OXPHOS. Concurrent inhibition of MYC and ETC complex II substantially prolongs survival in an RT mouse model. CRISPR-Cas9 Mga knockout in Sf3b1/Mdr CLL mouse model; RNA-seq; functional OXPHOS characterization; pharmacological inhibition experiments in vivo Science translational medicine High 39083585
2024 Representative patient-derived MGA mutations (in RUNX1::RUNX1T1 AML) abolish protein-protein interactions and transcriptional activity. Loss of MGA upregulates MYC and E2F targets, cell cycle genes, mTOR signaling, and OXPHOS in hematopoietic cells. MGA loss induces open chromatin at promoters of proliferation genes. RUNX1::RUNX1T1 in Mga-deficient murine hematopoietic cells leads to more aggressive AML with shortened latency. Protein-protein interaction assays; transcriptional reporter assays; conditional knockout mouse; RNA-seq; ATAC-seq; mouse AML model Leukemia High 38454121
2022 SARS-CoV-2 Nsp6 physically interacts with host proteins of the MGA/MAX complex (MGA, PCGF6, and TFDP1) in the Drosophila heart. This interaction blocks the antagonistic MGA/MAX complex, shifting the balance toward MYC/MAX and activating glycolysis, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac pathology. Inhibiting glycolysis with 2-deoxy-D-glucose attenuates the Nsp6-induced cardiac phenotype. Expression of individual SARS-CoV-2 proteins in Drosophila heart; protein interaction assays; transcriptomic analysis; mouse cardiomyocyte experiments; 2-DG pharmacological intervention Communications biology Medium 36180527
2010 In zebrafish, mga depletion causes morphogenetic defects in brain, heart, and gut. The heart and gut phenotypes resemble loss-of-function of gata4. Mga loss increases gata4 transcripts in lateral mesoderm, and knockdown of gata4 rescues the early heart-looping defect (but not gut defect), placing mga upstream of gata4 in heart development. Transcript profiling shows mga influences key regulators of mesendoderm including tbx6, cas, and sox17. Morpholino knockdown; transcript profiling; genetic epistasis (double-knockdown rescue); in situ hybridization Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists High 20044811
2012 In Xenopus, maternal MGA is required for dorsal axis formation and organizer gene expression. MGA potentiates β-catenin activity in the induction of organizer-specific genes. Depletion of XTcf3 does not rescue organizer gene expression in Xmga-depleted embryos, placing Xmga downstream of XTcf3 during organizer induction. MGA is thus required for β-catenin function in the Wnt signaling pathway. Morpholino knockdown; overexpression experiments; genetic epistasis analysis Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica Medium 23070227
2018 In zebrafish, MGA protein localized in the cytoplasm modulates BMPR1A activity by physical association with ZMYND11/BS69. The MYND domain of BS69 binds the kinase domain of BMPR1A, interfering with its phosphorylation and activation of SMAD1/5/8. MGA antagonizes BS69 to facilitate the BMP signaling pathway by disrupting the BS69-BMPR1A association. This was established using TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss-of-function assays. TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function; co-immunoprecipitation; protein interaction mapping; BMP signaling readouts (pSMAD1/5/8) Frontiers in cell and developmental biology Medium 30324105
2021 MAX restitution in MAX-deficient small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells restricts global MGA occupancy when MAX is absent, selectively driving MGA recruitment toward E2F6-binding motifs. MAX restitution enhances MGA occupancy genome-wide to repress genes involved in stem cell and DNA repair/replication functions. Thus, MAX is required for full MGA genomic occupancy and ncPRC1.6-mediated gene repression. Genetically modified MAX-deficient SCLC cells; ChIP-seq; proteomics; transcriptomics Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 34493659
2024 In a cardiac ischemia-reperfusion model, LTβR activation by TNFSF14 induces competitive binding of MAX to MGA rather than to c-Myc, suppressing c-Myc-mediated transcription of Cx43 (connexin 43). This mechanism underlies post-MIR reduction of Cx43 and arrhythmia. Valtrate promotes N-linked glycosylation of LTβR, reversing TNFSF14-induced MGA-MAX competitive displacement and restoring Cx43. In vitro cardiomyocyte experiments; protein interaction/competition assays; animal model with MIR; pharmacological intervention with valtrate Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology Medium 39028940
2024 In vivo CRISPR screens identified MGA as an immune evasion gene in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). MGA knockout significantly enhances antitumor immunity and inhibits tumor growth. Transcriptomics and single-cell RNA-seq show MGA influences multiple immune-related pathways in the tumor microenvironment. In vivo CRISPR screens across seven syngeneic tumor models; RNA-seq; single-cell RNA-seq Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 39298484
2024 Heterozygous loss-of-function variants of MGA cause premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) in humans. Mga+/- female mice are subfertile, with shorter reproductive lifespan and decreased follicle number compared to wild type, demonstrating MGA haploinsufficiency is sufficient to impair female reproductive function. Exome-wide gene-based case-control analysis; Mga+/- mouse model; follicle counting; reproductive lifespan analysis The Journal of clinical investigation Medium 39545409

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 84 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2001 Fba, a novel fibronectin-binding protein from Streptococcus pyogenes, promotes bacterial entry into epithelial cells, and the fba gene is positively transcribed under the Mga regulator. Molecular microbiology 147 11679068
1999 Mga, a dual-specificity transcription factor that interacts with Max and contains a T-domain DNA-binding motif. The EMBO journal 144 10601024
2007 The Mga virulence regulon: infection where the grass is greener. Molecular microbiology 129 18001346
1997 Role of mga in growth phase regulation of virulence genes of the group A streptococcus. Journal of bacteriology 120 9260962
2018 MGA, L3MBTL2 and E2F6 determine genomic binding of the non-canonical Polycomb repressive complex PRC1.6. PLoS genetics 94 29381691
2006 Defining the Mga regulon: Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals both direct and indirect regulation by Mga in the group A streptococcus. Molecular microbiology 90 16965517
1995 Specific binding of the activator Mga to promoter sequences of the emm and scpA genes in the group A streptococcus. Journal of bacteriology 88 7592441
1995 Biological properties of a Streptococcus pyogenes mutant generated by Tn916 insertion in mga. Microbial pathogenesis 87 8778565
2007 The catabolite control protein CcpA binds to Pmga and influences expression of the virulence regulator Mga in the Group A streptococcus. Journal of bacteriology 68 17905980
1996 What is the size of the group A streptococcal vir regulon? The Mga regulator affects expression of secreted and surface virulence factors. Medical microbiology and immunology 68 9007823
2007 RivR and the small RNA RivX: the missing links between the CovR regulatory cascade and the Mga regulon. Molecular microbiology 66 18005100
2013 PTS phosphorylation of Mga modulates regulon expression and virulence in the group A streptococcus. Molecular microbiology 63 23651410
2002 Two DNA-binding domains of Mga are required for virulence gene activation in the group A streptococcus. Molecular microbiology 58 11952907
1987 Evidence for progressional changes in the human malignant glioma line U-343 MGa: analysis of karyotype and expression of genes encoding the subunit chains of platelet-derived growth factor. Cancer research 55 3497714
2009 Molecular evidence for progression of microglandular adenosis (MGA) to invasive carcinoma. The American journal of surgical pathology 53 19047897
2018 A recurrent novel MGA-NUTM1 fusion identifies a new subtype of high-grade spindle cell sarcoma. Cold Spring Harbor molecular case studies 48 30552129
2003 MgrA, an orthologue of Mga, Acts as a transcriptional repressor of the genes within the rlrA pathogenicity islet in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Journal of bacteriology 45 14594838
1999 Regulation of mga transcription in the group A streptococcus: specific binding of mga within its own promoter and evidence for a negative regulator. Journal of bacteriology 44 10464209
2021 Loss of MGA repression mediated by an atypical polycomb complex promotes tumor progression and invasiveness. eLife 36 34236315
2004 Transcriptional activation of sclA by Mga requires a distal binding site in Streptococcus pyogenes. Journal of bacteriology 36 15547255
2019 Multi-Omics Analysis Identifies MGA as a Negative Regulator of the MYC Pathway in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Molecular cancer research : MCR 34 31862696
2018 Glucose Levels Alter the Mga Virulence Regulon in the Group A Streptococcus. Scientific reports 32 29563558
2022 SARS-CoV-2 Nsp6 damages Drosophila heart and mouse cardiomyocytes through MGA/MAX complex-mediated increased glycolysis. Communications biology 30 36180527
2015 Mga is essential for the survival of pluripotent cells during peri-implantation development. Development (Cambridge, England) 30 25516968
2014 Mycoplasma gallisepticum MGA_0676 is a membrane-associated cytotoxic nuclease with a staphylococcal nuclease region essential for nuclear translocation and apoptosis induction in chicken cells. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 29 25363559
2013 Natural variation in the promoter of the gene encoding the Mga regulator alters host-pathogen interactions in group a Streptococcus carrier strains. Infection and immunity 29 23980109
2007 Histologic features of mammary carcinomas in zoo felids treated with melengestrol acetate (MGA) contraceptives. Veterinary pathology 28 17491073
2021 Mga safeguards embryonic stem cells from acquiring extraembryonic endoderm fates. Science advances 27 33523934
2008 TrxR, a new CovR-repressed response regulator that activates the Mga virulence regulon in group A Streptococcus. Infection and immunity 25 18678666
2006 Mga is sufficient to activate transcription in vitro of sof-sfbX and other Mga-regulated virulence genes in the group A Streptococcus. Journal of bacteriology 24 16513733
2014 Extraembryonic signals under the control of MGA, Max, and Smad4 are required for dorsoventral patterning. Developmental cell 23 24525188
2004 Role of Streptococcus pyogenes two-component response regulators in the temporal control of Mga and the Mga-regulated virulence gene emm. Infection and immunity 22 15155682
2012 Nucleotides critical for the interaction of the Streptococcus pyogenes Mga virulence regulator with Mga-regulated promoter sequences. Journal of bacteriology 21 22773785
2019 Sarcoma with MGA-NUTM1 fusion in the lung: an emerging entity. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 20 31385070
2012 Characterization of the Group A Streptococcus Mga virulence regulator reveals a role for the C-terminal region in oligomerization and transcriptional activation. Molecular microbiology 20 22468267
2010 The tbx/bHLH transcription factor mga regulates gata4 and organogenesis. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 20 20044811
2006 Domains required for transcriptional activation show conservation in the mga family of virulence gene regulators. Journal of bacteriology 20 16428389
2003 amrA encodes a putative membrane protein necessary for maximal exponential phase expression of the Mga virulence regulon in Streptococcus pyogenes. Molecular microbiology 19 14617188
2012 Activator role of the pneumococcal Mga-like virulence transcriptional regulator. Journal of bacteriology 18 22661692
2021 Two DNA binding domains of MGA act in combination to suppress ectopic activation of meiosis-related genes in mouse embryonic stem cells. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 17 34224650
2020 Epithelioid Hyalinizing Sarcoma With MGA-NUTM1 Fusion. American journal of clinical pathology 16 32880623
2015 The Mga Regulon but Not Deoxyribonuclease Sda1 of Invasive M1T1 Group A Streptococcus Contributes to In Vivo Selection of CovRS Mutations and Resistance to Innate Immune Killing Mechanisms. Infection and immunity 16 26283338
2010 Impact of the Streptococcus pyogenes Mga regulator on human matrix protein binding and interaction with eukaryotic cells. International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM 16 20097132
2008 Transcriptional changes in U343 MG-a glioblastoma cell line exposed to ionizing radiation. Human & experimental toxicology 16 19273547
2003 The evolutionary relationships of zebrafish genes tbx6, tbx16/spadetail and mga. Development genes and evolution 16 12908107
1996 Complementation of divergent mga genes in group A Streptococcus. Gene 15 8917079
2000 Identification of a novel glycoprotein-binding activity in Streptococcus pyogenes regulated by the mga gene. Microbiology (Reading, England) 14 10658649
1997 Transcriptional analysis of mga, a regulatory gene in Streptococcus pyogenes: identification of monocistronic and bicistronic transcripts that phase vary. Gene 14 9373146
2023 Sarcoma with MGA::NUTM1 fusion: a report of three cases and literature review. Histopathology 13 37442637
2002 p16(ink4a) and retinoic acid modulate rhoA and GFAP expression during induction of a stellate phenotype in U343 MG-A astrocytoma cells. Glia 13 12237846
2001 A sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the determination of melengestrol acetate (MGA) in adipose and muscle tissues. Food additives and contaminants 13 11339262
2024 MGA deletion leads to Richter's transformation by modulating mitochondrial OXPHOS. Science translational medicine 12 39083585
2021 MGA Mutation as a Novel Biomarker for Immune Checkpoint Therapies in Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Frontiers in pharmacology 11 33927616
2021 Identification of germ cell-specific Mga variant mRNA that promotes meiosis via impediment of a non-canonical PRC1. Scientific reports 11 33958653
2022 Carbon catabolite repression on the Rgg2/3 quorum sensing system in Streptococcus pyogenes is mediated by PTSMan and Mga. Molecular microbiology 10 34923680
2022 Primary Spindle Cell Sarcoma of the Lung with MGA::NUTM1 Fusion: An Extremely Rare Case of a Potentially Emerging Entity and Review of the Literature. International journal of surgical pathology 10 35388715
2018 MGA repository: a curated data resource for ChIP-seq and other genome annotated data. Nucleic acids research 9 29069466
2001 Restoration of Mga function to a Streptococcus pyogenes strain (M Type 50) that is virulent in mice. Infection and immunity 9 11160026
2023 High-Grade Spindle Cell Sarcoma of the Scalp With an MGA::NUTM1 Gene Fusion in a Pediatric Patient. The American Journal of dermatopathology 8 38055974
2021 MAX mutant small-cell lung cancers exhibit impaired activities of MGA-dependent noncanonical polycomb repressive complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 8 34493659
2018 Mechanism of Apoptosis Induction by Mycoplasmal Nuclease MGA_0676 in Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 8 29670864
2017 Postimplantation Mga expression and embryonic lethality of two gene-trap alleles. Gene expression patterns : GEP 8 29066359
2005 Identification of residues responsible for the defective virulence gene regulator Mga produced by a natural mutant of Streptococcus pyogenes. Journal of bacteriology 8 16109937
1999 Attenuated expression of the mga virulence regulon in an M serotype 50 mouse-virulent group A streptococcal strain. Infection and immunity 8 10569793
2018 Mga Modulates Bmpr1a Activity by Antagonizing Bs69 in Zebrafish. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 7 30324105
2014 mga genosensor for early detection of human rheumatic heart disease. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 7 24639090
2024 In vivo CRISPR screens identify Mga as an immunotherapy target in triple-negative breast cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 5 39298484
2024 MGA loss-of-function variants cause premature ovarian insufficiency. The Journal of clinical investigation 4 39545409
2023 MGA-seq: robust identification of extrachromosomal DNA and genetic variants using multiple genetic abnormality sequencing. Genome biology 4 37904244
2020 Precocious puberty in a girl with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 1 (3-MGA-I) due to a novel AUH gene mutation. Molecular genetics and metabolism reports 4 33304818
2025 MGA directly recruits SETDB1/ATF7IP for histone H3K9me3 mark on meiosis-related genes in mouse embryonic stem cells. iScience 3 40727931
2024 Functional characterization of cooperating MGA mutations in RUNX1::RUNX1T1 acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 3 38454121
2023 Slipped-strand mispairing within a polycytidine tract in transcriptional regulator mga leads to M protein phase variation and Mga length polymorphism in Group A Streptococcus. Frontiers in microbiology 3 37434706
2015 Generation of monoclonal antibodies against MGA and comparison of their application in breast cancer detection by immunohistochemistry. Scientific reports 3 26272389
2012 Maternal Mga is required for Wnt signaling and organizer formation in the early Xenopus embryo. Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 3 23070227
2023 MGA deletion leads to Richter's transformation via modulation of mitochondrial OXPHOS. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2 36798339
2003 Non-invasive screening for treatment of heifers with the anabolic steroid melengestrol acetate (MGA) by feces analysis. Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry 2 12953971
2024 MGA-related syndrome: A proposed novel disorder. HGG advances 1 39600096
2023 Functional Characterization of Cooperating MGA Mutations in RUNX1::RUNX1T1 Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Research square 1 37790524
2002 Existence of two emm-like "mrp" and "emm" genes in the mga regulon of the Streptococcus pyogenes strain ST4547. Journal of biochemistry, molecular biology, and biophysics : JBMBB : the official journal of the Federation of Asian and Oceanian Biochemists and Molecular Biologists (FAOBMB) 1 12186779
2025 Investigation on the Substrate Specificity of Serine Protease Neuropsin by Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Marmoset Gene Atlas (MGA). ACS omega 0 40547665
2024 Genetic organization of an M protein trans-acting positive regulator (Mga) orthologue and its adjacent M-like protein (SCM) alleles in Streptococcus canis. BMC research notes 0 38750516
2024 Valtrate Suppresses TNFSF14-Mediated Arrhythmia After Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion by Inducing N-linked Glycosylation of LTβR to Regulate MGA/MAX/c-Myc/Cx43. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 0 39028940
2022 Alternative splicing for germ cell-specific Mga transcript can be eliminated without compromising mouse viability or fertility. Development, growth & differentiation 0 36053973

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