Affinage

MAL

Myelin and lymphocyte protein · UniProt P21145

Round 2 corrected
Length
153 aa
Mass
16.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus 22 papers cited in narrative 22 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

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Mechanism profile

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Evidence

Reading pass · 22 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1995 VIP17/MAL (canine homolog of human MAL proteolipid) localizes to apical transport vesicles in MDCK cells, cycling between the Golgi complex and the apical plasma membrane, consistent with a role as a component of the vesicular trafficking machinery for apical sorting. Immunofluorescence microscopy of epitope-tagged VIP17/MAL in BHK and MDCK cells; subcellular fractionation; biochemical enrichment in CHAPS-insoluble complexes FEBS letters Medium 8549777
1995 MVP17, the rat oligodendrocyte homolog of human MAL (88.9% identity), is expressed specifically in oligodendrocytes and brain during active myelination and is enriched in detergent-insoluble protein-lipid complexes, indicating association with glycolipid-rich microdomains during myelinogenesis. Protein microsequencing, cDNA cloning, Northern analysis, in vitro translation, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of detergent-insoluble fractions Journal of neuroscience research Medium 8583510
1997 MAL and caveolin occupy distinct lipid microenvironments within internal detergent-insoluble membranes of MDCK cells; MAL resides in an internal glycolipid-enriched microdomain independently of caveolin expression, demonstrating heterogeneity within the raft compartment. Sucrose-gradient fractionation of Triton X-100 cell extracts; immunofluorescence in MDCK, Jurkat, and A498 cells; detergent-solubilization assays Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 9168919
1997 MAL is identified as a member of an extended gene family that includes plasmolipin, BENE, and other tetraspan proteins; the conserved fingerprint motif -[Q/Y-G-W-V-M-F/Y-V]- at the first extracellular loop/second transmembrane domain junction defines the MAL protein family. Mouse MAL cDNA cloning and structural gene characterization; database searches and computer-aided sequence analysis; Northern blot expression analysis Gene Medium 9168137
1998 MAL associates with GPI-anchored proteins and Src-like tyrosine kinases (including Lck) in glycolipid-enriched membrane (GEM) microdomains of T lymphocytes; co-immunoprecipitation with anti-MAL and anti-CD59 antibodies demonstrated specific association in both cell lines and primary T cells, and MAL and Lck co-localize in endosomal GEM fractions. Monoclonal antibody generation against MAL; co-immunoprecipitation; sucrose-gradient fractionation of GEM microdomains from HPB-ALL and primary human T lymphocytes European journal of immunology Medium 9842910
1998 A C-terminal tetrapeptide motif LIRW is necessary for incorporation of MAL into glycolipid-enriched membrane (GEM) microdomains; the arginine within LIRW is the most critical residue, and loss of GEM incorporation correlates with loss of brefeldin A sensitivity, linking GEM association to Golgi-dependent transport function. Site-directed mutagenesis of MAL C-terminus; pulse-chase experiments; sucrose-gradient fractionation of GEM fractions; brefeldin A treatment The Journal of biological chemistry High 9582298
1999 MAL is necessary for both normal apical transport rate and accurate sorting of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) to the apical surface of MDCK cells; MAL depletion reduces HA association with GEMs, slows surface delivery, inhibits apical delivery, and causes partial basolateral missorting; these defects are rescued by ectopic MAL re-expression. Antisense oligonucleotide-based MAL depletion; ectopic MAL expression rescue; surface biotinylation; domain-specific transport assays; monoclonal antibody to canine MAL The Journal of cell biology High 10189374
1999 Overexpression of VIP17/MAL in MDCK cells increases apical delivery and expands the apical surface domain; antisense-mediated knockdown causes Golgi accumulation and impaired apical transport of multiple apical markers (HA, clusterin/gp80, gp114, GPI-anchored protein) without affecting basolateral E-cadherin distribution, establishing MAL as a component of the apical sorting machinery that operates via sphingolipid-cholesterol rafts. Stable over-expression and antisense RNA expression in MDCK cells; immunofluorescence; domain-selective transport assays for multiple cargo proteins Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 10339572
1999 MAL is an itinerant protein that cycles between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the plasma membrane; surface-expressed MAL is rapidly internalized via an endosomal pathway requiring endosomal acidification, and approximately 30% of internalized MAL is recycled back to the TGN, consistent with a role as a reusable component of the apical transport machinery. FLAG-epitope and O-glycosylation tag insertion into MAL extracellular loop; surface biotinylation; anti-FLAG surface binding; neuraminidase sensitivity; resialylation assays; flow cytometry; chloroquine/monensin/NH4Cl inhibition Molecular biology of the cell High 10512878
2000 MAL co-purifies with specific glycosphingolipids (galactosylceramide and sulfatide) in detergent-insoluble domains in myelin and epithelial cells, indicating a close functional association with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains; MAL is localized to compact myelin in the nervous system and to the apical plasma membrane in kidney and stomach epithelial cells. Biochemical co-purification with detergent-resistant membranes; immunolocalization in multiple tissues Progress in neurobiology Medium 10739088
2003 Features required for HA apical sorting in MDCK cells differ from those required for DRM association or MAL co-precipitation; mutations in HA transmembrane residues that prevent DRM association also decrease MAL co-precipitation, but DRM association is not sufficient for apical sorting; the limited extent and timing of HA-MAL co-precipitation suggest MAL-containing vesicles are not the primary TGN-to-apical transport intermediates. Systematic transmembrane domain mutagenesis of HA; co-immunoprecipitation with MAL; domain-selective transport assays; detergent-resistant membrane fractionation; pulse-chase analysis Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) Medium 14617347
2003 MAL protein is expressed with a characteristic supranuclear granular distribution in multiple types of normal human epithelial cells throughout the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts and in exocrine/endocrine glands, consistent with MAL serving as a general component of the apical sorting machinery in diverse polarized human epithelia. Immunohistochemical survey using MAL-specific monoclonal antibody on normal and carcinoma human tissue sections The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry Low 12704214
2004 Genetic ablation of mal in mice results in cytoplasmic inclusions in compact myelin, everted paranodal loops, and disorganized transverse bands at the paranode-axon interface; MAL loss reduces protein levels of contactin-associated protein/paranodin, NF155, and Kv1.2 in myelin-derived rafts while nodal sodium channel clusters are unaltered, demonstrating a critical role for MAL in maintenance of CNS paranodal integrity, likely by controlling trafficking/sorting of NF155 and other membrane components in oligodendrocytes. Mal knockout mice; electron microscopy; immunofluorescence; subcellular fractionation of myelin and raft fractions; Western blot quantification of multiple myelin proteins The Journal of cell biology High 15337780
2004 MAL and Caveolin-1 co-fractionate with raft membranes and co-localize in a multivesicular intracellular compartment in PC-3 prostate cancer cells; MAL is present in prostasomes secreted by PC-3 cells, and prostasome secretion is reduced by wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor) but not brefeldin A, suggesting MAL-associated multivesicular compartments participate in PI3K-dependent prostasomal secretion rather than conventional secretory pathway. Subcellular fractionation; immunofluorescence co-localization; prostasome isolation from conditioned medium; electron microscopy; pharmacological inhibition (brefeldin A, wortmannin) Journal of cell science Medium 15466889
2004 In metachromatic leukodystrophy (arylsulfatase A-deficient) mice, sulfatide accumulation in myelin causes a specific and severe reduction of MAL protein and mistargeting of MAL to the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment in renal epithelial cells, revealing a regulatory link between sulfatide levels and MAL expression/intracellular distribution. Arylsulfatase A-deficient mouse model; Western blot quantification of myelin proteins; immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation in cultured renal epithelial cells with sulfatide loading Neurobiology of disease Medium 15193296
2009 MAL forms oligomers via intramembrane protein-protein binding motifs and clusters sphingolipid raft markers while excluding phosphatidylethanolamine analogues; MAL-mediated raft lipid concentration is driven in part by positive hydrophobic mismatch between MAL transmembrane helices and membrane lipids; cholesterol and ceramide modulate MAL-raft association. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) for oligomerization; spontaneous clustering via DiHcRED-MAL fusion; antibody-mediated cross-linking of FLAG-MAL; site-directed mutagenesis of intramembrane motifs; exogenous cholesterol/ceramide membrane modulation; fluorescent lipid partitioning assays in COS7 cells Molecular biology of the cell High 19553470
2010 MAL interacts with Inverted Formin 2 (INF2) and requires INF2 for the formation of MAL-positive transport vesicles carrying Lck to the plasma membrane; MAL-positive vesicles move along microtubule tracks; INF2 knockdown reduces Lck at the plasma membrane and impairs immunological synapse formation; both actin polymerization and depolymerization activities of INF2 are required; Cdc42 and Rac1 regulate Lck transport in Jurkat and primary T cells. Co-immunoprecipitation of MAL with INF2; immunofluorescence co-localization; live videomicroscopy of MAL vesicle movement; siRNA knockdown of INF2; flow cytometry for surface Lck; immunological synapse assays; dominant-negative Cdc42/Rac1 constructs Blood High 20881207
2011 MAL accumulates at the central supramolecular activation cluster (cSMAC) of the immunological synapse, where it co-localizes with condensed (raft) membranes; mislocalization of MAL to the peripheral SMAC reduces membrane condensation at the cSMAC and redistributes microtubule/vesicle docking machinery, causing Lck and LAT to be missorted to the pSMAC while TCR sorting is unaffected, demonstrating that MAL controls membrane order and protein sorting at the immunological synapse. Live-cell imaging of MAL-GFP during IS formation; Laurdan membrane order probe; MAL mistargeting constructs; immunofluorescence for SMAC components in Jurkat and primary T cells Journal of immunology High 21508261
2011 MAL, but not its family member MAL2, self-associates and forms higher-order cholesterol-dependent complexes with apical cargo proteins, promoting formation of detergent-resistant membranes that recruit apical proteins; this biochemical activity is consistent with a role for MAL in raft coalescence and stabilization driven by hydrophobic mismatch between MAL's long transmembrane helices and short-acyl-chain Golgi phospholipids. Co-immunoprecipitation of MAL self-association; cholesterol depletion/replenishment; detergent-resistant membrane fractionation with apical cargo co-fractionation; comparison of MAL vs MAL2 The Biochemical journal Medium 21732912
2016 MAL is required for apical delivery of fusiform vesicles carrying uroplakins in urothelial umbrella cells; Rab27b functions upstream of MAL in the apical exocytic pathway, and MAL facilitates SNARE-mediated apical membrane fusion; keratin 20 defines a subapical compartment containing MAL-dependent fusion-primed vesicles. Immunomicroscopy of normal and Rab27b-knockout mouse urothelia; MAL-deficient mouse model; live imaging; genetic epistasis between Rab27b and MAL Molecular biology of the cell High 27009205
2019 Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ETX) binds to CNS microvasculature in a MAL-dependent manner; ETX-induced blood-brain barrier permeability via caveolae-dependent transcytosis requires expression of both MAL and caveolin-1; MAL-deficient mice show no detectable ETX binding to CNS vasculature and no BBB permeability, establishing MAL as a receptor or obligate co-factor for ETX binding on brain endothelial cells. In vivo ETX injection in wild-type, MAL-deficient, and caveolin-1-deficient mice; fluorescent tracer extravasation assays; immunofluorescence; electron microscopy of caveolae; endosomal marker analysis in primary brain endothelial cells PLoS pathogens High 31703116
2020 MAL and PLP are exceptional among multipass transmembrane proteins in preferring ordered (raft) membrane domains; using giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs), MAL showed high raft affinity among 24 multipass TMPs tested (92% had minimal raft affinity); PLP requires cholesterol and sphingolipids for raft association and appears to compete with MAL for cholesterol-mediated raft partitioning. Giant plasma membrane vesicle (GPMV) partitioning assay; systematic comparison of 24 multipass TMPs; cholesterol/sphingolipid depletion; competition assay between MAL and PLP The journal of physical chemistry. B High 32436385

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2006 Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell 2861 17081983
2007 ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2519 17525332
2012 Insights into RNA biology from an atlas of mammalian mRNA-binding proteins. Cell 1718 22658674
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2006 A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization. Nature biotechnology 1336 16964243
2004 Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1159 15302935
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2001 Mal (MyD88-adapter-like) is required for Toll-like receptor-4 signal transduction. Nature 938 11544529
2013 Large-scale genotyping identifies 41 new loci associated with breast cancer risk. Nature genetics 895 23535729
2018 VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. Cell discovery 829 29507755
1999 The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. Nature 808 10591208
2001 Activation of cardiac gene expression by myocardin, a transcriptional cofactor for serum response factor. Cell 757 11439182
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2015 A Dynamic Protein Interaction Landscape of the Human Centrosome-Cilium Interface. Cell 433 26638075
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2007 Global proteomic profiling of phosphopeptides using electron transfer dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 426 17287340
2002 Potentiation of serum response factor activity by a family of myocardin-related transcription factors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 420 12397177
2009 Myocardin-related transcription factors and SRF are required for cytoskeletal dynamics and experimental metastasis. Nature cell biology 355 19198601
2013 Genome-wide association studies identify four ER negative-specific breast cancer risk loci. Nature genetics 344 23535733
2021 A proximity-dependent biotinylation map of a human cell. Nature 339 34079125
2003 Megakaryoblastic leukemia 1, a potent transcriptional coactivator for serum response factor (SRF), is required for serum induction of SRF target genes. Molecular and cellular biology 252 12944485
2001 Fusion of two novel genes, RBM15 and MKL1, in the t(1;22)(p13;q13) of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Nature genetics 240 11431691
2007 Dual roles of myocardin-related transcription factors in epithelial mesenchymal transition via slug induction and actin remodeling. The Journal of cell biology 239 18056415
1969 Chromosome micromanipulation. 3. Spindle fiber tension and the reorientation of mal-oriented chromosomes. The Journal of cell biology 238 5824068
2018 Pericyte-like spreading by disseminated cancer cells activates YAP and MRTF for metastatic colonization. Nature cell biology 236 30038252
2015 A deep proteomics perspective on CRM1-mediated nuclear export and nucleocytoplasmic partitioning. eLife 198 26673895
2001 Involvement of a human gene related to the Drosophila spen gene in the recurrent t(1;22) translocation of acute megakaryocytic leukemia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 187 11344311
1999 VIP17/MAL, a lipid raft-associated protein, is involved in apical transport in MDCK cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 176 10339572
2010 A genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel loci associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia research 172 20889312
2001 Mutations in the gene encoding SLURP-1 in Mal de Meleda. Human molecular genetics 170 11285253
2006 MyD88 adapter-like (Mal) is phosphorylated by Bruton's tyrosine kinase during TLR2 and TLR4 signal transduction. The Journal of biological chemistry 165 16439361
2004 Evidence for tension-based regulation of Drosophila MAL and SRF during invasive cell migration. Developmental cell 152 15239956
1999 The MAL proteolipid is necessary for normal apical transport and accurate sorting of the influenza virus hemagglutinin in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The Journal of cell biology 149 10189374
2017 Structural basis of TIR-domain-assembly formation in MAL- and MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling. Nature structural & molecular biology 147 28759049
2007 Control of phenotypic plasticity of smooth muscle cells by bone morphogenetic protein signaling through the myocardin-related transcription factors. The Journal of biological chemistry 145 17947237
2015 Amygdala-prefrontal interactions in (mal)adaptive learning. Trends in neurosciences 141 25583269
2004 The SRF target gene Fhl2 antagonizes RhoA/MAL-dependent activation of SRF. Molecular cell 136 15610731
2002 Toll-like receptor signal transduction and the tailoring of innate immunity: a role for Mal? Trends in immunology 128 12072368
1989 Molecular evolution of the telomere-associated MAL loci of Saccharomyces. Genetics 121 2548922
2011 Crystal structure of Toll-like receptor adaptor MAL/TIRAP reveals the molecular basis for signal transduction and disease protection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118 21873236
2004 The raft-associated protein MAL is required for maintenance of proper axon--glia interactions in the central nervous system. The Journal of cell biology 118 15337780
1995 Cloning and characterization of MVP17: a developmentally regulated myelin protein in oligodendrocytes. Journal of neuroscience research 118 8583510
2012 Disconnection and reconnection: the morphological basis of (mal)adaptation to stress. Trends in neurosciences 109 23000140
2013 CADM1 and MAL promoter methylation levels in hrHPV-positive cervical scrapes increase proportional to degree and duration of underlying cervical disease. International journal of cancer 107 23456988
1995 VIP17/MAL, a proteolipid in apical transport vesicles. FEBS letters 100 8549777
2009 Mal connects TLR2 to PI3Kinase activation and phagocyte polarization. The EMBO journal 96 19574958
1999 The MAL gene is expressed in primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 93 10552968
2004 Caveolin-1 and MAL are located on prostasomes secreted by the prostate cancer PC-3 cell line. Journal of cell science 92 15466889
2009 Negative regulation of the EGFR-MAPK cascade by actin-MAL-mediated Mig6/Errfi-1 induction. Molecular cell 90 19683494
2014 CADM1, MAL and miR124-2 methylation analysis in cervical scrapes to detect cervical and endometrial cancer. Journal of clinical pathology 86 25281766
2012 Triangulated mal-signaling in Alzheimer's disease: roles of neurotoxic ceramides, ER stress, and insulin resistance reviewed. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 86 22337830
2015 Engineered VEGF-releasing PEG-MAL hydrogel for pancreatic islet vascularization. Drug delivery and translational research 85 25787738
2009 Repression of MAL tumour suppressor activity by promoter methylation during cervical carcinogenesis. The Journal of pathology 85 19662663
2006 MAL and ternary complex factor use different mechanisms to contact a common surface on the serum response factor DNA-binding domain. Molecular and cellular biology 84 16705166
2008 Epithelial cell-cell contacts regulate SRF-mediated transcription via Rac-actin-MAL signalling. Journal of cell science 81 18334560
2009 Guidelines for practical use of MAL-PDT in non-melanoma skin cancer. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 80 19807828
2000 MAL, a proteolipid in glycosphingolipid enriched domains: functional implications in myelin and beyond. Progress in neurobiology 80 10739088
1999 MAL, an integral element of the apical sorting machinery, is an itinerant protein that cycles between the trans-Golgi network and the plasma membrane. Molecular biology of the cell 79 10512878
1988 Overproduction of MalK protein prevents expression of the Escherichia coli mal regulon. Journal of bacteriology 69 3049541
1998 MAL, a novel integral membrane protein of human T lymphocytes, associates with glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and Src-like tyrosine kinases. European journal of immunology 65 9842910
2009 MAL/SRF complex is involved in platelet formation and megakaryocyte migration by regulating MYL9 (MLC2) and MMP9. Blood 64 19724058
2001 Structural model of MalK, the ABC subunit of the maltose transporter of Escherichia coli: implications for mal gene regulation, inducer exclusion, and subunit assembly. The Journal of biological chemistry 63 11709552
2006 Effect of postharvest storage on the expression of the apple allergen Mal d 1. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 62 16881695
2011 Mal mediates TLR-induced activation of CREB and expression of IL-10. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 61 21398611
1995 Differential expression of mal genes under cAMP and endogenous inducer control in nutrient-stressed Escherichia coli. Molecular microbiology 59 7651130
2005 Mutational analysis of amino acid positions crucial for IgE-binding epitopes of the major apple (Malus domestica) allergen, Mal d 1. International archives of allergy and immunology 57 16293967
2005 Genomic cloning and linkage mapping of the Mal d 1 (PR-10) gene family in apple (Malus domestica). TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik 56 15883791
2010 Formin INF2 regulates MAL-mediated transport of Lck to the plasma membrane of human T lymphocytes. Blood 55 20881207
2021 Probing the Extremes of Covalency in M-Al bonds: Lithium and Zinc Aluminyl Compounds. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 54 34396660
2018 Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Cryptosporidiosis in Children From 8 Low-income Sites: Results From the MAL-ED Study. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 53 29701852
2008 Adaptation and mal-adaptation to ambient hypoxia; Andean, Ethiopian and Himalayan patterns. PloS one 53 18523639
2010 IRAK1 and IRAK4 promote phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of MyD88 adaptor-like (Mal). The Journal of biological chemistry 52 20400509
2016 NDE1 and NDEL1 from genes to (mal)functions: parallel but distinct roles impacting on neurodevelopmental disorders and psychiatric illness. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 51 27742926
2011 MAL protein controls protein sorting at the supramolecular activation cluster of human T lymphocytes. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 51 21508261
2009 Clustering and lateral concentration of raft lipids by the MAL protein. Molecular biology of the cell 51 19553470
1999 Protease activation in apoptosis induced by MAL. Experimental cell research 51 10366425
2010 Elevated MAL expression is accompanied by promoter hypomethylation and platinum resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. International journal of cancer 47 19642140
2007 The Troll in Toll: Mal and Tram as bridges for TLR2 and TLR4 signaling. Journal of leukocyte biology 47 17449723
2008 Hypermethylated MAL gene - a silent marker of early colon tumorigenesis. Journal of translational medicine 45 18346269
2010 SLURP1 mutation-impaired T-cell activation in a family with mal de Meleda. The British journal of dermatology 44 20854438
2012 Utility of CD200 immunostaining in the diagnosis of primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma: comparison with MAL, CD23, and other markers. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 42 22899296
2010 Epigenetic silencing of MAL, a putative tumor suppressor gene, can contribute to human epithelium cell carcinoma. Molecular cancer 42 21092172
2006 Protein kinase Cdelta binds TIRAP/Mal to participate in TLR signaling. Molecular immunology 42 17161867
2003 A novel missense mutation in the gene encoding SLURP-1 in patients with Mal de Meleda from northern Tunisia. The British journal of dermatology 42 14674887
1997 Myelin and lymphocyte protein (MAL/MVP17/VIP17) and plasmolipin are members of an extended gene family. Gene 42 9168137
2014 Combined CADM1/MAL methylation and cytology testing for colposcopy triage of high-risk HPV-positive women. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 41 24962840
2004 Specific downregulation and mistargeting of the lipid raft-associated protein MAL in a glycolipid storage disorder. Neurobiology of disease 41 15193296
2013 Differential role of MyD88 and Mal/TIRAP in TLR2-mediated gastric tumourigenesis. Oncogene 40 23728346
1997 Caveolin and MAL, two protein components of internal detergent-insoluble membranes, are in distinct lipid microenvironments in MDCK cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 40 9168919
2013 Aberrant methylation of LINE-1, SLIT2, MAL and IGFBP7 in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncology reports 39 23381221
2009 Inactivation of the MAL gene in breast cancer is a common event that predicts benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Molecular cancer research : MCR 39 19208741
2019 Conservation through the lens of (mal)adaptation: Concepts and meta-analysis. Evolutionary applications 38 31417615
2017 Structure of the Major Apple Allergen Mal d 1. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 37 28161953
2013 Current methods for photodynamic therapy in the US: comparison of MAL/PDT and ALA/PDT. Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD 36 23986167
2006 Developmental expression of the SRF co-activator MAL in brain: role in regulating dendritic morphology. Journal of neurochemistry 36 16945101
2015 CADM1 and MAL methylation status in cervical scrapes is representative of the most severe underlying lesion in women with multiple cervical biopsies. International journal of cancer 35 26219541
2013 The GEF Bcr activates RhoA/MAL signaling to promote keratinocyte differentiation via desmoglein-1. The Journal of cell biology 35 23940119
2010 Characterization and expression analysis of a maltose-utilizing (MAL) cluster in Aspergillus oryzae. Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B 35 19850146
2008 The Mal/TIRAP S180L and TLR4 G299D polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility to, or severity of, rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 35 18180278
2014 The core and conserved role of MAL is homeostatic regulation of actin levels. Genes & development 34 24831700
2019 CADM1, MAL, and miR124 Promoter Methylation as Biomarkers of Transforming Cervical Intrapithelial Lesions. International journal of molecular sciences 33 31067838
2017 Rotavirus Infection and Disease in a Multisite Birth Cohort: Results From the MAL-ED Study. The Journal of infectious diseases 32 28472348
2003 Features of influenza HA required for apical sorting differ from those required for association with DRMs or MAL. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 32 14617347
2015 Preliminary evaluation of [18F]AlF-NOTA-MAL-Cys39-exendin-4 in insulinoma with PET. Journal of drug targeting 31 25758750
1992 Chromosome mal-orientation and reorientation during mitosis. Cell motility and the cytoskeleton 31 1423661
2017 Solution structure of the TLR adaptor MAL/TIRAP reveals an intact BB loop and supports MAL Cys91 glutathionylation for signaling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 30 28739909
2004 Characterisation of Mal d 1-related genes in Malus. Plant molecular biology 30 15604687
2003 Expression of MAL, an integral protein component of the machinery for raft-mediated pical transport, in human epithelia. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 30 12704214
2019 HSV-1/TLR9-Mediated IFNβ and TNFα Induction Is Mal-Dependent in Macrophages. Journal of innate immunity 29 31851971
2017 Human Papillomavirus Genotypes and Methylation of CADM1, PAX1, MAL and ADCYAP1 Genes in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 28 28240513
2013 TLR4-MyD88/Mal-NF-kB axis is involved in infection of HSV-2 in human cervical epithelial cells. PloS one 28 24278275
2006 Characterization of recombinant Mal d 4 and its application for component-resolved diagnosis of apple allergy. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 28 16911365
2023 Cancer CD39 drives metabolic adaption and mal-differentiation of CD4+ T cells in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Cell death & disease 27 38062068
2016 A Common Variant in the Adaptor Mal Regulates Interferon Gamma Signaling. Immunity 27 26885859
2012 Oral exposure to Mal d 1 affects the immune response in patients with birch pollen allergy. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 27 22921871
1999 Functional domain analysis of the Saccharomyces MAL-activator. Current genetics 27 10447589
2016 MAL and TMEM220 are novel DNA methylation markers in human gastric cancer. Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals 26 27329150
2011 MAL, but not MAL2, expression promotes the formation of cholesterol-dependent membrane domains that recruit apical proteins. The Biochemical journal 26 21732912
1998 A short peptide motif at the carboxyl terminus is required for incorporation of the integral membrane MAL protein to glycolipid-enriched membranes. The Journal of biological chemistry 26 9582298
1989 The productive gene for alpha-H chain disease protein MAL is highly modified by insertion-deletion processes. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 26 2555418
2019 On The Role of Myelin and Lymphocyte Protein (MAL) In Cancer: A Puzzle With Two Faces. Journal of Cancer 25 31258734
2019 Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin induces blood brain barrier permeability via caveolae-dependent transcytosis and requires expression of MAL. PLoS pathogens 25 31703116
1995 Identification of Lrp-regulated genes by inverse PCR and sequencing: regulation of two mal operons of Escherichia coli by leucine-responsive regulatory protein. Journal of bacteriology 25 7751276
2020 Myelin-Associated MAL and PLP Are Unusual among Multipass Transmembrane Proteins in Preferring Ordered Membrane Domains. The journal of physical chemistry. B 24 32436385
2016 Sequential and compartmentalized action of Rabs, SNAREs, and MAL in the apical delivery of fusiform vesicles in urothelial umbrella cells. Molecular biology of the cell 24 27009205
2013 Synthesis and preclinical characterization of [64Cu]NODAGA-MAL-exendin-4 with a Nε-maleoyl-L-lysyl-glycine linkage. Nuclear medicine and biology 24 23932646
1988 Structural analysis of the 5' regions of yeast SUC genes revealed analogous palindromes in SUC, MAL and GAL. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 24 2835632