Affinage

MAGEA3

Melanoma-associated antigen 3 · UniProt P43357

Length
314 aa
Mass
34.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 23 papers cited in narrative 23 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

MAGEA3 is a cancer-germline gene whose product is a ~48 kDa cytoplasmic protein that acts as a pro-survival factor in tumor cells while serving as a tumor-rejection antigen (PMID:7757970, PMID:20015885). As an antigen, full-length MAGE-A3 protein is processed into multiple epitopes presented on HLA class I molecules — including HLA-A1, HLA-A2, and HLA-B44 — to cytolytic CD8+ T cells (PMID:8113684, PMID:7805731, PMID:8606058), and into numerous promiscuous HLA class II epitopes (DR1, DR4/DR7, DR11, DR13, DP4) recognized by CD4+ T cells, several of which directly lyse antigen-positive tumor cells (PMID:10049940, PMID:10049951, PMID:11103782, PMID:12817001). Presentation of certain class I epitopes is tuned at the proteasomal level: the HLA-A*0201-restricted MAGE-3271-279 peptide is poorly generated under normal conditions and its production is rescued by selective proteasome inhibition (PMID:10075973), and class I deficiency in lung cancer cells abrogates CTL recognition until IFN-γ restores HLA and TAP expression (PMID:9415308). Because the protein is intracytoplasmic, dendritic cells acquire it by cross-presentation from apoptotic tumor bodies, with the uptake route (Fcγ-receptor versus macropinocytosis) biasing whether CD8+ or CD4+ responses are primed (PMID:10681453, PMID:22562379). Functionally, MAGE-A3 supports tumor cell survival and chemoresistance: its knockdown induces apoptosis, modulates Bax/p21/Puma/Noxa, and sensitizes cells to chemotherapy (PMID:20015885, PMID:26868260), and it promotes proliferation in part by suppressing AMPKα1, since AMPKα1 knockout abolishes the anti-tumor effect of MAGE-A3 silencing (PMID:30056111). Expression is governed epigenetically — silenced in normal tissue by promoter methylation and methyl-CpG-binding proteins MBD1 and MeCP2, and by histone H3 methylation/acetylation balance — and de-repressed in cancer through BORIS-driven activating chromatin modifications and promoter demethylation (PMID:18381936, PMID:17634428, PMID:21558405).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1994 High

    Established MAGE-A3 as a bona fide tumor antigen by showing its product is recognized by autologous CTL, defining the first HLA-A1-restricted epitope and its binding anchor residues.

    Evidence Autologous CTL recognition and alanine-scanning peptide competition on melanoma cells

    PMID:7805731 PMID:8113684

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address how the epitope is generated intracellularly
    • Restricted to HLA-A1 and HLA-A2 contexts initially
  2. 1995 Medium

    Defined the physical product of the gene, showing MAGE-A3 is a ~48 kDa cytoplasmic protein.

    Evidence Monoclonal antibody immunoblot and immunohistochemistry on expressing cell lines

    PMID:7757970

    Open questions at the time
    • No domain or biochemical activity assigned
    • Single-lab antibody characterization
  3. 1996 High

    Extended the antigenic repertoire to HLA-B44 and probed the antigen-processing pathway, linking TAP affinity to epitope availability.

    Evidence HLA-B44 refolding, CTL induction, and TAP binding assays

    PMID:8606058 PMID:8938145

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise trimming steps in the ER not defined
    • TAP-binding model for the 11-mer remains a proposed mechanism
  4. 1999 High

    Resolved why some epitopes escape recognition by showing proteasome activity gates generation of MAGE-3271-279, and broadened the picture to CD4+ T-cell recognition via multiple class II alleles.

    Evidence In vitro proteasome digestion with lactacystin and CTL assays; DC loading with recombinant protein and CD4+ T-cell clones (HLA-DR13, DR11)

    PMID:10049940 PMID:10049951 PMID:10075973

    Open questions at the time
    • Which specific proteasome subunit activities cleave the epitope not fully resolved
    • Class II processing compartment not mapped
  5. 2000 Medium

    Demonstrated how an intracytoplasmic antigen reaches T cells, establishing cross-presentation of MAGE-A3 from apoptotic tumor cells and adding HLA-DP4 class II presentation on tumor surfaces.

    Evidence DC phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies with CTL induction; CD4+ T-cell lysis of HLA-DP4+ tumor cells

    PMID:10681453 PMID:11103782

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor mediating apoptotic body uptake not yet identified
    • Efficiency of cross-presentation in vivo unknown
  6. 2002 Medium

    Systematically mapped naturally processed, promiscuous HLA-DR CD4+ epitopes, distinguishing processed from non-processed regions.

    Evidence TEPITOPE prediction, HLA-DR binding, and natural-processing confirmation with protein-loaded APCs

    PMID:11406551 PMID:12393675 PMID:12817001

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab epitope mapping
    • Cross-reactivity with other MAGE family members not exhaustively characterized
  7. 2009 Medium

    Shifted the picture from antigen to functional driver by showing MAGE-A3 is required for tumor cell survival independent of proliferation or adhesion.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown in multiple myeloma lines with apoptosis, clonogenic, and chemosensitivity readouts

    PMID:20015885

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular partners mediating survival not identified here
    • Single tumor type
  8. 2007 Medium

    Defined the epigenetic logic of MAGE-A3 silencing and de-repression, implicating promoter methylation, methyl-CpG-binding proteins, and histone-mark balance.

    Evidence ChIP, EMSA, methylation analysis, and luciferase reporters with MBD1/MeCP2 and FGF7/estradiol modulation

    PMID:17634428 PMID:18381936

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct demethylase machinery not identified
    • In vivo relevance to tumor expression incompletely established
  9. 2011 Medium

    Identified BORIS as a transcriptional activator that de-represses MAGEA3 in cancer via activating histone marks and promoter demethylation.

    Evidence ChIP, reporter assays, and BORIS gain/loss-of-function with methylation analysis in lung cancer cells

    PMID:21558405

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of BORIS-induced demethylation unresolved
    • Single lab
  10. 2018 Medium

    Provided a molecular pro-survival mechanism, showing MAGE-A3/6 promote tumor growth by suppressing AMPKα1, with genetic rescue confirming the axis.

    Evidence shRNA/miR-1273g-3p silencing, AMPKα1 knockout rescue, and xenograft growth assays

    PMID:26868260 PMID:30056111

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct biochemical link between MAGE-A3 and AMPKα1 degradation not reconstituted in these data
    • Bax/p21/Puma/Noxa regulation correlative
  11. 2019 Low

    Connected MAGE-A3 to additional oncogenic pathways and non-coding RNA regulation in cervical and hepatocellular carcinoma.

    Evidence Gain/loss-of-function with EMT/Wnt marker blots; miR-31-5p/LINC01234 ceRNA axis with RIP and drug-resistance protein analysis

    PMID:31838274 PMID:31918280

    Open questions at the time
    • Wnt activation shown only by marker blots without reporter or rescue
    • ceRNA rescue lacks rigorous controls; single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the cytoplasmic MAGE-A3 protein biochemically engages AMPKα1, the apoptotic machinery, and its degradation pathway to mediate tumor cell survival remains undefined.
  • No direct binding partner or structural model for the survival function
  • Mechanism linking antigen-processing biology to oncogenic function unexplored

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 6 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 3 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 3
Partners
AMPKΑ1BORISMBD1MECP2

Evidence

Reading pass · 23 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1994 MAGE-3 (MAGEA3) gene encodes a tumor antigen recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) on melanoma cell line MZ2-MEL; the antigenic peptide MZ2-D is presented by HLA-A1, and competition experiments with Ala-substituted peptides established that Asp at position 3 and Tyr at position 9 are essential for HLA-A1 binding. Autologous CTL recognition assay, single alanine-substituted peptide competition experiments The Journal of experimental medicine High 8113684
1994 MAGE-3 encodes a second antigenic peptide (FLWGPRALV) presented by HLA-A2 molecules that is recognized by CTL and can be used to stimulate peptide-specific CTL clones that kill HLA-A2+ MAGE-3-expressing tumor cell lines. HLA-A2 peptide binding assay, in vitro CTL induction with peptide-pulsed lymphoblasts, tumor cell killing assay European journal of immunology High 7805731
1995 The MAGE-3 gene product was identified as a ~48,000 Mr cytoplasmic protein by immunoblotting with a monoclonal antibody generated against recombinant His-tagged MAGE-3; immunohistochemistry confirmed cytoplasmic localization in MAGE-3-expressing cell lines. Recombinant protein expression, metal chelation purification, monoclonal antibody generation, immunoblot, immunohistochemistry Cancer research Medium 7757970
1996 MAGE3 encodes an antigenic peptide (MEVDPIGHLY) presented by HLA-B44 molecules to CTL; CTL clones raised against this peptide recognized HLA-B44+ MAGE3-expressing tumor cell lines. HLA-B44 peptide binding assay, in vitro CTL induction, tumor cell lysis assay Immunogenetics High 8606058
1996 A second HLA-B44-restricted MAGE-3 epitope (M3-167, an 11-mer) was characterized; TAP binding studies showed M3-167 has ~9-fold higher TAP affinity than the 9-mer M3-168, and M3-167 (or a longer precursor) is proposed to be transported into the ER and trimmed for presentation by either HLA-A1 or HLA-B44. HLA-B44 alpha-chain refolding assay, in vitro CTL induction, TAP binding assay International journal of cancer Medium 8938145
1997 IFN-γ gene transfer into HLA class I-deficient small cell lung cancer cells restored HLA class I and TAP-1/TAP-2 expression and enabled recognition by MAGE-3-specific HLA-A2-restricted CTL, establishing that HLA class I deficiency is the mechanism preventing CTL recognition of MAGE-3 in SCLC. Stable IFN-γ gene transfection, RT-PCR for TAP-1/TAP-2, CTL cytotoxicity assay Gene therapy Medium 9415308
1999 The HLA-A*0201-restricted MAGE-3271-279 peptide is not efficiently generated from full-length MAGE-3 protein by the proteasome under normal conditions; inhibition of specific proteasome activities by lactacystin rescued generation of the COOH terminus of the antigenic peptide and enabled CTL recognition of MAGE-3-expressing melanoma cells, demonstrating that proteasomal activity modulates presentation of this epitope. Minigene CTL assay, in vitro proteasome digestion of synthetic peptides, lactacystin inhibition of proteasome, CTL lysis assay of lactacystin-treated tumor cells The Journal of experimental medicine High 10075973
1999 MAGE-3 protein is processed and two HLA class II epitopes (MAGE-3114-127 and MAGE-3121-134) presented by HLA-DR13 to CD4+ T lymphocytes were identified by loading monocyte-derived dendritic cells with recombinant MAGE-3 protein. Dendritic cell loading with recombinant MAGE-3 protein, CD4+ T cell clone isolation, HLA-DR13 restriction confirmed by antibody blocking The Journal of experimental medicine High 10049940
1999 A MAGE-3 epitope (MAGE-3281-295) is presented by HLA-DR11 to CD4+ T cells; cold target inhibition confirmed recognition of this epitope on the surface of HLA-DR11/MAGE-3-positive melanoma cells by cytolytic CD4+ T cells of the Th1 type. TEPITOPE prediction, synthetic peptide stimulation of CD4+ T cells, cold target inhibition assay, cytotoxicity assay against melanoma cells The Journal of experimental medicine High 10049951
2000 Dendritic cells acquire MAGE-3 antigen from apoptotic bodies of irradiated MAGE-3-expressing cells via phagocytosis and present MAGE-3-derived epitopes via HLA-A*B5201 to induce MAGE-3-specific CTL, demonstrating cross-presentation of this intracytoplasmic tumor antigen. Apoptosis monitoring (annexin V/propidium iodide), DC phagocytosis assay, in vitro CTL induction from melanoma patient lymphocytes, tumor cell lysis assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 10681453
2000 A MAGE-A3 epitope (TQHFVQENYLEY) presented by HLA-DP4 to CD4+ T cells was identified; CD4+ T cells recognizing this epitope lysed HLA-DP4+ MAGE-A3-expressing tumor cells, indicating endogenous class II presentation on tumor cell surface. CD4+ T cell clone isolation, HLA-DP4 restriction confirmation, tumor cell cytotoxicity assay Cancer research High 11103782
2001 A MAGE-A3 T helper epitope (MAGE-A3146-160) is recognized in the context of HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR7 and is naturally processed from tumor cell lysates, dead/apoptotic tumor cells, and recombinant MAGE-A3 protein by antigen-presenting cells, enabling CD4+ Th responses. In vitro T helper cell induction with peptide, tumor cell lysates, apoptotic cells, and recombinant protein; HLA restriction by antibody blocking Cancer research Medium 11406551
2002 Four immunodominant regions (residues 111-125, 146-160, 191-205, and 281-295) of MAGE-3 were identified as naturally processed, promiscuous HLA-DR-restricted CD4+ T cell epitopes recognized in association with 3-4 different HLA-DR alleles; regions 161-175 and 171-185 were not naturally processed in vitro. TEPITOPE prediction, HLA-DR binding assay, CD4+ T cell proliferation assay, natural processing confirmed by T cell recognition of protein-loaded APCs vs. synthetic peptides Blood Medium 12393675
2003 A MAGE-3 epitope (ACYEFLWGPRALVETS, MAGE-3267-282) restricted by HLA-DR1 was identified; CD4+ T cell clones with this specificity were isolated from a vaccinated melanoma patient, and one clone with high LFA-1 expression lysed DR1+/MAGE-3+ tumor cells; a second clone showed cross-reactivity with homologous peptides from MAGE-1, -2, -4, -6, -10, and -11. CD4+ T cell clone isolation from vaccinated patient, TCR sequencing, tumor cell cytotoxicity assay, cross-reactivity panel Journal of immunology Medium 12817001
2007 MAGE-A3 expression is regulated by the balance between histone H3 acetylation and methylation at the MAGE-A3 promoter; FGF7/FGFR2-IIIb signaling suppresses MAGE-A3 expression by promoting histone H3 methylation, while estradiol induces expression via enhanced H3 acetylation; downregulation of MAGE-A3 induces p53 transcription via reciprocal histone modifications. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for histone marks, methylation-specific PCR, combined bisulfite restriction analysis, reverse transcription-PCR, estradiol and FGF7 treatment of pituitary cell lines Clinical cancer research Medium 18381936
2007 Methyl-CpG binding proteins MBD1 and MeCP2 bind in vivo to the methylated MAGE-A3 promoter and repress its transcriptional activity; MBD1 splice variants (1v1 and 1v3) also repress unmethylated MAGE-A3 promoter activity; MBD2a had no inhibitory effect on MAGE-A3 promoters but up-regulated basal promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), transient transfection/luciferase reporter assay in MCF-7 and Mbd1-deficient fibroblasts, co-transfection experiments Molecular cancer research Medium 17634428
2009 RNA interference-mediated knockdown of MAGE-A3 in multiple myeloma cell lines induced apoptosis, reduced survival of clonogenic myeloma precursors, and enhanced sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy, establishing a pro-survival function for MAGE-A3 in myeloma cells that is independent of cell proliferation or adhesion. siRNA knockdown of MAGE-A3 in myeloma cell lines, functional assays for proliferation, adhesion, apoptosis, colony formation, chemosensitivity Haematologica Medium 20015885
2011 BORIS binds to the MAGEA3 promoter in lung cancer cells and induces MAGEA3 transcription by promoting activating histone modifications (H3 acetylation/permissive marks) and, for MAGEA3 specifically, by causing promoter demethylation; BORIS knockdown reduced MAGEA3 expression, while BORIS induction increased it. ChIP for BORIS and histone marks, luciferase reporter assay, BORIS induction and knockdown, methylation analysis, RT-PCR for MAGE-A3 expression Clinical cancer research Medium 21558405
2016 MAGE-A3 knockdown in MKN1 gastric cancer cells reduced proliferation and colony formation, regulated Bax and p21 expression under stress conditions, and increased Puma and Noxa expression, enhancing docetaxel sensitivity; these effects were associated with epigenetic regulation of MAGE-A3 by promoter methylation. miRNA-mediated MAGE-A3 knockdown, cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, apoptosis assay, cell cycle analysis, Western blot for Bax, p21, Puma, Noxa, drug sensitivity assay Cellular oncology Medium 26868260
2018 miR-1273g-3p targets the 3'UTR of MAGEA3/6 to suppress their expression; MAGEA3/6 silencing via shRNA or miR-1273g-3p leads to AMPKα1 upregulation, inhibition of colorectal cancer cell proliferation, and apoptosis; the anti-cancer activity was blocked by AMPKα1 knockout, establishing that MAGEA3/6 promote cancer cell growth by suppressing AMPKα1. Bioinformatic target prediction, RNA pull-down and RIP assay to confirm miR-31-5p binding, shRNA knockdown, miRNA overexpression, AMPKα1 knockout, in vitro proliferation/apoptosis assays, in vivo xenograft tumor growth assay Cancer letters Medium 30056111
2019 MAGE-A3 overexpression facilitates cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating EMT markers and the Wnt signaling pathway; MAGE-A3 knockdown suppressed EMT and Wnt signaling and reduced in vivo tumor growth. qRT-PCR, loss-of-function (siRNA knockdown) and gain-of-function (overexpression) in HeLa and SiHa cells, Western blot for EMT and Wnt pathway proteins, in vivo tumorigenesis assay Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Low 31918280
2019 MAGE-A3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma is regulated by miR-31-5p; MAGEA3 depletion inhibited proliferation, invasion, and cisplatin resistance of HCC cells and reduced expression of drug resistance proteins MRP2, MRP3, and MDR-1; LINC01234 acts as a competing endogenous RNA to sponge miR-31-5p and thereby restore MAGEA3 expression. siRNA knockdown of MAGEA3, RNA pull-down and RIP assay for LINC01234/miR-31-5p/MAGEA3 binding, in vitro proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis assays, Western blot for MRP2, MRP3, MDR-1, ALB Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids Low 31838274
2012 Receptor-mediated uptake of MAGE-A3 antigen by dendritic cells (via Fcγ receptor using antibody-opsonized protein, or via phagocytosis of bortezomib-treated apoptotic myeloma cells) favors cross-presentation and induction of CD8+ T cells, whereas macropinocytosis of uncoated protein preferentially induces CD4+ T cell priming. MAGE-A3 protein uptake assay with antibody opsonization, Fcγ receptor blocking, bortezomib-induced immunogenic apoptosis assay with hsp90 surface staining, phagocytosis assay, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell priming assays Cancer immunology, immunotherapy Medium 22562379

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1994 Human gene MAGE-3 codes for an antigen recognized on a melanoma by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. The Journal of experimental medicine 713 8113684
1999 Tumor regressions observed in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with an antigenic peptide encoded by gene MAGE-3 and presented by HLA-A1. International journal of cancer 673 9935203
2016 Efficacy of the MAGE-A3 cancer immunotherapeutic as adjuvant therapy in patients with resected MAGE-A3-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (MAGRIT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. Oncology 410 27132212
1994 A peptide encoded by human gene MAGE-3 and presented by HLA-A2 induces cytolytic T lymphocytes that recognize tumor cells expressing MAGE-3. European journal of immunology 360 7805731
2013 Predictive gene signature in MAGE-A3 antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 319 23715562
2013 Adjuvant MAGE-A3 immunotherapy in resected non-small-cell lung cancer: phase II randomized study results. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 251 23715567
2017 Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Cancer Using a Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II-Restricted T-Cell Receptor Targeting the Cancer Germline Antigen MAGE-A3. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 232 28809608
2013 Selection of immunostimulant AS15 for active immunization with MAGE-A3 protein: results of a randomized phase II study of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Group in Metastatic Melanoma. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 180 23715572
1999 Melanoma cells present a MAGE-3 epitope to CD4(+) cytotoxic T cells in association with histocompatibility leukocyte antigen DR11. The Journal of experimental medicine 177 10049951
1999 Identification of MAGE-3 epitopes presented by HLA-DR molecules to CD4(+) T lymphocytes. The Journal of experimental medicine 176 10049940
2001 A monoclonal cytolytic T-lymphocyte response observed in a melanoma patient vaccinated with a tumor-specific antigenic peptide encoded by gene MAGE-3. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 175 11517302
2000 Mage-3 and influenza-matrix peptide-specific cytotoxic T cells are inducible in terminal stage HLA-A2.1+ melanoma patients by mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 170 10975870
2004 Messenger RNA-electroporated dendritic cells presenting MAGE-A3 simultaneously in HLA class I and class II molecules. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 169 15153480
2018 MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic as adjuvant therapy for patients with resected, MAGE-A3-positive, stage III melanoma (DERMA): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. Oncology 153 29908991
2004 Vaccine-induced CD4+ T cell responses to MAGE-3 protein in lung cancer patients. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 148 14978137
2010 A TCR targeting the HLA-A*0201-restricted epitope of MAGE-A3 recognizes multiple epitopes of the MAGE-A antigen superfamily in several types of cancer. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 144 21149604
2015 A phase I trial combining decitabine/dendritic cell vaccine targeting MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3 and NY-ESO-1 for children with relapsed or therapy-refractory neuroblastoma and sarcoma. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 140 26105625
2003 Immunisation of metastatic cancer patients with MAGE-3 protein combined with adjuvant SBAS-2: a clinical report. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 134 12504661
2005 Phase 1/2 study of subcutaneous and intradermal immunization with a recombinant MAGE-3 protein in patients with detectable metastatic melanoma. International journal of cancer 128 15945101
2008 Booster vaccination of cancer patients with MAGE-A3 protein reveals long-term immunological memory or tolerance depending on priming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 127 18216244
1995 Identification and intracellular location of MAGE-3 gene product. Cancer research 124 7757970
2000 A MAGE-A3 peptide presented by HLA-DP4 is recognized on tumor cells by CD4+ cytolytic T lymphocytes. Cancer research 117 11103782
2004 Melanoma associated antigen (MAGE)-A3 expression in Stages I and II non-small cell lung cancer: results of a multi-center study. European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 116 14690745
2000 Dendritic cells acquire the MAGE-3 human tumor antigen from apoptotic cells and induce a class I-restricted T cell response. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114 10681453
2003 Expression of cancer/testis (CT) antigens MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, MAGE-A4, CT-7, and NY-ESO-1 in malignant gammopathies is heterogeneous and correlates with site, stage and risk status of disease. Cancer immunity 108 12875607
1999 A phase I trial of an HLA-A1 restricted MAGE-3 epitope peptide with incomplete Freund's adjuvant in patients with resected high-risk melanoma. Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) 107 10546159
2000 The cancer germ-line genes MAGE-1, MAGE-3 and PRAME are commonly expressed by human myeloma cells. European journal of immunology 102 10741395
1996 A peptide encoded by the human MAGE3 gene and presented by HLA-B44 induces cytolytic T lymphocytes that recognize tumor cells expressing MAGE3. Immunogenetics 102 8606058
2001 Immunotherapy of bladder cancer using autologous dendritic cells pulsed with human lymphocyte antigen-A24-specific MAGE-3 peptide. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 94 11205913
2001 Immunization of HLA-A2+ melanoma patients with MAGE-3 or MelanA peptide-pulsed autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells plus recombinant human interleukin 12. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 91 11300489
1999 Modulation of proteasomal activity required for the generation of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte-defined peptide derived from the tumor antigen MAGE-3. The Journal of experimental medicine 90 10075973
2004 The complex between hydrogenase-maturation proteins HypC and HypD is an intermediate in the supply of cyanide to the active site iron of [NiFe]-hydrogenases. Journal of molecular biology 88 15504408
2009 Cancer-testis antigens MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-A3 promote the survival of multiple myeloma cells. Haematologica 79 20015885
1997 MAGE-3 immunoreactivity in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary and metastatic melanoma: frequency and distribution. The American journal of pathology 78 9403705
2011 MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, and NY-ESO-1 can be upregulated on neuroblastoma cells to facilitate cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated tumor cell killing. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 76 21626030
2009 The CD4(+) T-cell response of melanoma patients to a MAGE-A3 peptide vaccine involves potential regulatory T cells. Cancer research 76 19435913
2008 Vaccination of a melanoma patient with mature dendritic cells pulsed with MAGE-3 peptides triggers the activity of nonvaccine anti-tumor cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 76 18292586
2004 Immunologic analysis of a phase I/II study of vaccination with MAGE-3 protein combined with the AS02B adjuvant in patients with MAGE-3-positive tumors. Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) 75 14770084
2012 Expression of MAGE-A3, NY-ESO-1, LAGE-1 and PRAME in urothelial carcinoma. British journal of cancer 71 22596240
2018 Preclinical evaluation of a MAGE-A3 vaccination utilizing the oncolytic Maraba virus currently in first-in-human trials. Oncoimmunology 70 30546947
2003 Identification of NY-ESO-1, MAGE-1, and MAGE-3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head & neck 70 12784237
2001 Induction of MAGE-3 expression in lung and esophageal cancer cells. The Annals of thoracic surgery 70 11216765
1998 HLA-independent heterogeneity of CD8+ T cell responses to MAGE-3, Melan-A/MART-1, gp100, tyrosinase, MC1R, and TRP-2 in vaccine-treated melanoma patients. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 69 9862732
2001 Tumor-reactive T helper lymphocytes recognize a promiscuous MAGE-A3 epitope presented by various major histocompatibility complex class II alleles. Cancer research 68 11406551
2002 Identification of immunodominant regions among promiscuous HLA-DR-restricted CD4+ T-cell epitopes on the tumor antigen MAGE-3. Blood 66 12393675
2015 MAGE-A3: an immunogenic target used in clinical practice. Immunotherapy 64 26100270
2014 A phase I dose escalation trial of MAGE-A3- and HPV16-specific peptide immunomodulatory vaccines in patients with recurrent/metastatic (RM) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 63 25537079
2013 Immunogenicity of dendritic cells pulsed with MAGE3, Survivin and B-cell maturation antigen mRNA for vaccination of multiple myeloma patients. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 63 23728352
2014 Expression of cancer-testis antigens MAGEA1, MAGEA3, ACRBP, PRAME, SSX2, and CTAG2 in myxoid and round cell liposarcoma. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 60 24457462
2008 Fibroblast growth factor 2 and estrogen control the balance of histone 3 modifications targeting MAGE-A3 in pituitary neoplasia. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 59 18381936
1997 Stimulation of CD8+ T cell responses to MAGE-3 and Melan A/MART-1 by immunization to a polyvalent melanoma vaccine. International journal of cancer 59 9378560
2019 LINC01234/MicroRNA-31-5p/MAGEA3 Axis Mediates the Proliferation and Chemoresistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 58 31838274
2006 The clinical significance of MAGEA3 expression in pancreatic cancer. International journal of cancer 57 16331618
2012 Induction of MAGE-A3 and HPV-16 immunity by Trojan vaccines in patients with head and neck carcinoma. Head & neck 54 22287423
2002 Evaluation of MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 as tumour-specific markers to detect blood dissemination of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. British journal of cancer 54 11857021
2015 Safety and Immunogenicity of MAGE-A3 Cancer Immunotherapeutic with or without Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Resected Stage IB to III MAGE-A3-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer 51 26309191
1996 Expression of MAGE-1, MAGE-3 and MART-1 genes in neuroblastoma. International journal of cancer 48 8900375
2018 miR-1273g silences MAGEA3/6 to inhibit human colorectal cancer cell growth via activation of AMPK signaling. Cancer letters 47 30056111
2011 BORIS binding to the promoters of cancer testis antigens, MAGEA2, MAGEA3, and MAGEA4, is associated with their transcriptional activation in lung cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 47 21558405
2003 Efficient presentation of known HLA class II-restricted MAGE-A3 epitopes by dendritic cells electroporated with messenger RNA encoding an invariant chain with genetic exchange of class II-associated invariant chain peptide. Cancer research 47 14500399
1997 IFN-gamma gene transfer restores HLA-class I expression and MAGE-3 antigen presentation to CTL in HLA-deficient small cell lung cancer. Gene therapy 46 9415308
2006 Properties of the [NiFe]-hydrogenase maturation protein HypD. FEBS letters 44 16814778
2004 MAGE-A3 is a frequent tumor antigen of metastasized melanoma. Archives of dermatological research 44 15570431
2008 Peripheral blood lymphocytes genetically modified to express the self/tumor antigen MAGE-A3 induce antitumor immune responses in cancer patients. Blood 43 19074732
2012 MAGE-A3 is highly expressed in a subset of colorectal cancer patients. Cancer immunity 42 23390371
2013 HypD is the scaffold protein for Fe-(CN)2CO cofactor assembly in [NiFe]-hydrogenase maturation. Biochemistry 41 23597401
2014 MAGE-A3 is highly expressed in a cancer stem cell-like side population of bladder cancer cells. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 40 25031712
2007 Methyl-CpG binding domain proteins and their involvement in the regulation of the MAGE-A1, MAGE-A2, MAGE-A3, and MAGE-A12 gene promoters. Molecular cancer research : MCR 40 17634428
2003 Vaccine-induced CD8+ T-cell responses to MAGE-3 correlate with clinical outcome in patients with melanoma. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 36 12576432
1999 Expression and clinical relevance of NY-ESO-1, MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 in neuroblastoma. Anticancer research 36 10472332
2006 Promoter hypomethylation and reactivation of MAGE-A1 and MAGE-A3 genes in colorectal cancer cell lines and cancer tissues. World journal of gastroenterology 35 17007017
2007 Immunization with a recombinant MAGE-A3 protein after high-dose therapy for myeloma. Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) 33 18049337
2003 A MAGE-3 peptide presented by HLA-DR1 to CD4+ T cells that were isolated from a melanoma patient vaccinated with a MAGE-3 protein. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 33 12817001
2001 Detection of MAGE-A3 in breast cancer patients' sentinel lymph nodes. British journal of cancer 33 11720472
2018 Expression of NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A3, PRAME and WT1 in different subgroups of breast cancer: An indication to immunotherapy? Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) 32 30189381
2018 A phase II trial of recombinant MAGE-A3 protein with immunostimulant AS15 in combination with high-dose Interleukin-2 (HDIL2) induction therapy in metastatic melanoma. BMC cancer 32 30567529
2015 A randomized pilot trial testing the safety and immunologic effects of a MAGE-A3 protein plus AS15 immunostimulant administered into muscle or into dermal/subcutaneous sites. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 32 26581199
2005 Heat shock protein 70/MAGE-3 fusion protein vaccine can enhance cellular and humoral immune responses to MAGE-3 in vivo. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 32 15756604
1996 MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 or -6 expression in neuroblastoma-related pediatric solid tumors. International journal of cancer 32 8900370
2020 Next-Generation Cancer-Specific Hybrid Theranostic Nanomaterials: MAGE-A3 NIR Persistent Luminescence Nanoparticles Conjugated to Afatinib for In Situ Suppression of Lung Adenocarcinoma Growth and Metastasis. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 31 32382487
2016 Melanoma associated antigen (MAGE)-A3 promotes cell proliferation and chemotherapeutic drug resistance in gastric cancer. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 31 26868260
2015 A Comprehensive Expression Analysis of Cancer Testis Antigens in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Revels MAGEA3/6 as a Marker for Recurrence. Molecular cancer therapeutics 31 25564441
2019 MAGE-A3 is a Clinically Relevant Target in Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma/Myxofibrosarcoma. Cancers 29 31096717
2016 Isolation and Characterization of an HLA-DPB1*04: 01-restricted MAGE-A3 T-Cell Receptor for Cancer Immunotherapy. Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) 29 27163739
2005 A polyclonal anti-vaccine CD4 T cell response detected with HLA-DP4 multimers in a melanoma patient vaccinated with MAGE-3.DP4-peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. European journal of immunology 29 15756643
2000 Efficient expression of the tumor-associated antigen MAGE-3 in human dendritic cells, using an avian influenza virus vector. Human gene therapy 29 11084678
2009 Quantitative expression and immunogenicity of MAGE-3 and -6 in upper aerodigestive tract cancer. International journal of cancer 28 19610063
2019 Decitabine enhances tumor recognition by T cells through upregulating the MAGE-A3 expression in esophageal carcinoma. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 27 30797153
2010 Epigenetic modulation of MAGE-A3 antigen expression in multiple myeloma following treatment with the demethylation agent 5-azacitidine and the histone deacetlyase inhibitor MGCD0103. Cytotherapy 27 21171821
2005 Monitoring of anti-vaccine CD4 T cell frequencies in melanoma patients vaccinated with a MAGE-3 protein. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 27 15699177
1999 MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 tumor rejection antigens in human germ cell tumors. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 27 10530563
2012 Uptake routes of tumor-antigen MAGE-A3 by dendritic cells determine priming of naïve T-cell subtypes. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 26 22562379
2009 A Mage3/Heat Shock Protein70 DNA vaccine induces both innate and adaptive immune responses for the antitumor activity. Vaccine 26 19835823
2008 Melanoma vaccine candidates from chimeric hepatitis B core virus-like particles carrying a tumor-associated MAGE-3 epitope. Biotechnology journal 26 18956370
1996 Characterization of antigenic peptides presented by HLA-B44 molecules on tumor cells expressing the gene MAGE-3. International journal of cancer 26 8938145
2022 Chemical complementarity between tumor resident, T-cell receptor CDR3s and MAGEA3/6 correlates with increased melanoma survival: Potential relevance to MAGE vaccine auto-reactivity. Molecular immunology 25 35987136
2014 MAGE-A3 with cell-penetrating domain as an efficient therapeutic cancer vaccine. JAMA surgery 25 24671426
2019 Aberrantly enhanced melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE)-A3 expression facilitates cervical cancer cell proliferation and metastasis via actuating Wnt signaling pathway. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 24 31918280
2016 The prevalence of expression of MAGE-A3 and PRAME tumor antigens in East and South East Asian non-small cell lung cancer patients. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 24 27794402
2010 MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A4 specific CD4(+) T cells in head and neck cancer patients: detection of naturally acquired responses and identification of new epitopes. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 24 20857101

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