Affinage

LRSAM1

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase LRSAM1 · UniProt Q6UWE0

Length
723 aa
Mass
83.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 8 papers cited in narrative 8 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

LRSAM1 is a RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase that couples substrate recognition to polyubiquitin chain formation across membrane trafficking, antibacterial autophagy, and iron homeostasis (PMID:15256501, PMID:23245322). Its two functional modules underlie this versatility: the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain mediates target recognition—localizing the ligase to cytosolic Salmonella Typhimurium—while the C-terminal RING domain catalyzes ubiquitin transfer to generate the bacteria-associated polyubiquitin signal that triggers selective autophagy and bacterial clearance (PMID:23245322). In its founding role, LRSAM1 multiply monoubiquitylates TSG101 through a bivalent docking mechanism requiring both a tandem PTAP tetrapeptide motif and a central region of LRSAM1, thereby regulating TSG101-dependent sorting of cargo into multivesicular bodies, EGF receptor endocytosis, and HIV budding (PMID:15256501). LRSAM1 also ubiquitinates and drives proteasomal degradation of the iron exporter SLC40A1 (ferroportin), promoting iron accumulation and ferroptosis (PMID:39039049). LRSAM1 protein levels are themselves controlled by PHF23, which interacts with LRSAM1 via its PHD finger domain and promotes its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby restraining autophagy (PMID:25484098). Loss-of-function and RING-domain frameshift mutations in LRSAM1 cause both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (PMID:20865121, PMID:22012984), consistent with abundant expression in peripheral motor and sensory neurons and the increased axonal vulnerability of Lrsam1-deficient mice (PMID:23519028).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 7 steps
  1. 2004 High

    Established LRSAM1 as a bona fide RING E3 ligase and defined its first substrate and trafficking role, answering what biochemical activity the protein carries.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, in vivo ubiquitylation assays, PTAP-motif mutagenesis, and endocytosis/retroviral budding readouts in cells

    PMID:15256501

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitin chain topology beyond multiple monoubiquitylation not resolved
    • Structural basis of the bivalent PTAP/central-region docking not determined
  2. 2010 Medium

    Linked complete loss of LRSAM1 to a human neurodegenerative disease, establishing physiological importance in peripheral nerve.

    Evidence Homozygosity mapping, sequencing, RNA splicing analysis, and Western blot of patient-derived cells

    PMID:20865121

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism connecting ligase loss to axonal degeneration not defined
    • Single recessive pedigree
  3. 2011 Medium

    Showed a RING-domain frameshift causes dominant CMT and impairs catalytic activity, tying disease directly to defective ubiquitin ligase function.

    Evidence Linkage, NGS, TSG101-abundance ligase activity assay in transfected cells, and zebrafish morpholino knockdown

    PMID:22012984

    Open questions at the time
    • Dominant-negative versus haploinsufficiency mechanism not distinguished
    • Neuronal substrate relevant to disease not identified
  4. 2012 High

    Defined the domain logic of LRSAM1 in antibacterial autophagy—LRR for recognition, RING for ubiquitination—answering how it targets intracellular pathogens.

    Evidence Patient-derived LRSAM1-deficient cells, LRR/RING domain deletions, immunofluorescence, ubiquitination and bacterial survival assays

    PMID:23245322

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct bacterial ligand recognized by the LRR not identified
    • Ubiquitin chain type on bacteria and autophagy receptor coupling not fully resolved
  5. 2013 Medium

    Located LRSAM1 to a perinuclear post-Golgi compartment and demonstrated neuronal expression and axonal vulnerability, contextualizing where it acts and its in vivo requirement.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence colocalization in transfected cells and Lrsam1 knockout mouse with acrylamide axon-degeneration challenge

    PMID:23519028

    Open questions at the time
    • Baseline knockout neuropathy phenotype mild, leaving disease mechanism incomplete
    • Functional significance of perinuclear localization not established
  6. 2014 Medium

    Identified PHF23 as an upstream regulator that controls LRSAM1 abundance, revealing how LRSAM1-dependent autophagy is tuned.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination and proteasome-inhibitor assays, PHD-domain mutagenesis, and LC3B-II autophagy flux readouts

    PMID:25484098

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PHF23 directly ubiquitinates LRSAM1 or recruits another ligase unresolved
    • Physiological contexts where this axis operates not defined
  7. 2024 Medium

    Identified SLC40A1 as a degradation substrate, expanding LRSAM1's role into iron homeostasis and ferroptosis control.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination and stability assays, ChIP/luciferase for REST regulation, and ferroptosis markers with ferrostatin-1 rescue in glioma stem cells

    PMID:39039049

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitin chain linkage on SLC40A1 not characterized
    • Generality beyond glioma stem cells not established

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How LRSAM1's distinct substrate-recognition modes are selected in different cellular contexts, and which substrate underlies its peripheral-nerve function, remain open.
  • No structural model linking LRR recognition to RING catalysis
  • Disease-relevant neuronal substrate unidentified
  • Chain-type specificity across substrates uncharacterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 3 GO:0016874 ligase activity 2
Localization
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 1 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 1
Pathway
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 3 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 2 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 1 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 1
Partners
PHF23SLC40A1TSG101

Evidence

Reading pass · 8 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2004 LRSAM1 (Tal) is a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase that specifically mediates multiple monoubiquitylation of TSG101. Bivalent binding of TSG101 to a tandem PTAP tetrapeptide motif and to a central region of LRSAM1 is required for LRSAM1-mediated ubiquitylation of TSG101. LRSAM1 regulates a TSG101-associated complex responsible for sorting cargo into multivesicular body vesicles and at the plasma membrane, impacting EGF receptor endocytosis and HIV budding. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vivo ubiquitylation assays, mutagenesis of PTAP motif, receptor endocytosis assays, retrovirus budding assays Genes & development High 15256501
2012 LRSAM1 is the E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for generating the polyubiquitin signal around cytosolic Salmonella Typhimurium that triggers autophagy-mediated bacterial clearance. LRSAM1 localizes to intracellular bacteria; its leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain is required for bacterial recognition/localization, and its RING domain is required for ubiquitin ligase activity generating the bacteria-associated ubiquitin signal. Using cells from LRSAM1-deficient individuals confirmed LRSAM1 is required for ubiquitination of intracellular bacteria but dispensable for ubiquitination of aggregated proteins. Loss-of-function studies using LRSAM1-deficient human cells, domain deletion mutagenesis (LRR and RING), immunofluorescence localization, ubiquitination assays, bacterial survival assays Cell host & microbe High 23245322
2010 A homozygous intronic splice-site mutation in LRSAM1 causes autosomal recessive axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT2P). The mutation causes aberrant splicing with obligatory frameshift and premature truncation, resulting in complete absence of LRSAM1 protein. LRSAM1 plays a role in membrane vesicle fusion during viral maturation and in proper adhesion of neuronal cells in culture. Homozygosity mapping, SNP genotyping, direct DNA sequencing, RNA analysis (aberrant splicing), Western blotting of patient-derived immortalized cells PLoS genetics Medium 20865121
2011 A frameshift mutation (p.Leu708Argfx28) in the C-terminal RING finger motif of LRSAM1 causes autosomal dominant axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. The patient mutation impairs ubiquitin ligase activity as measured by elevated abundance of TSG101 (LRSAM1's reported substrate) in transfected cells. Morpholino knockdown of zebrafish Lrsam1 disturbs neural structure and tail formation, confirming a neurodevelopmental role. Linkage analysis, next-generation sequencing, Sanger confirmation, ubiquitin ligase activity assay in transfected cells (TSG101 levels), zebrafish morpholino knockdown Human molecular genetics Medium 22012984
2013 In transfected cells, LRSAM1 primarily localizes to a perinuclear compartment immediately beyond the Golgi and shows little colocalization with components of the endosome-to-lysosome trafficking pathway. Mouse Lrsam1 is abundantly expressed in motor and sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system. Lrsam1 knockout mice show increased sensitivity to acrylamide-induced axon degeneration, indicating compromised axons, though baseline neuropathy phenotype is mild. Subcellular localization by immunofluorescence in transfected cells, colocalization with organelle markers, Lrsam1 knockout mouse generation, acrylamide challenge assay, neuromuscular performance testing Disease models & mechanisms Medium 23519028
2014 PHF23 (PHD finger protein 23) negatively regulates autophagy by interacting with LRSAM1 and promoting its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby reducing LRSAM1 protein levels. The PHD finger domain of PHF23 is required for interaction with LRSAM1. PHF23 overexpression impairs autophagy (decreased LC3B-II levels), while PHF23 knockdown enhances autophagy through increased LRSAM1 availability. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, proteasome inhibitor experiments, LC3B-II autophagy flux assays, domain deletion mutagenesis of PHF23, siRNA knockdown Autophagy Medium 25484098
2020 Berberine (BBR) induces autophagic lysosomal degradation of BCR-ABL and BCR-ABL T315I by recruiting LRSAM1 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. BBR binds to the tyrosine kinase domain of BCR-ABL, and LRSAM1 is required for BBR-mediated ubiquitination and autophagic degradation of BCR-ABL. Molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance, NMR, thermoshift assays for BBR-BCR-ABL binding; Western blotting for protein degradation; autophagy pathway inhibitors; LRSAM1 involvement assessed in cell lines and mouse models Clinical cancer research Low 32098768
2024 LRSAM1 ubiquitinates and promotes proteasomal degradation of SLC40A1 (ferroportin), a ferrous iron exporter that inhibits ferroptosis. In glioma stem cells, the transcription repressor REST suppresses LRSAM1 expression; erianin inhibits REST's repressive function, upregulates LRSAM1, which then ubiquitinates and degrades SLC40A1, causing iron accumulation and ferroptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, protein stability assays, ChIP assays, luciferase reporter assays, ferroptosis markers (ROS, GSH, MDA, BODIPY C11), TEM, ferrostatin-1 rescue Cell death & disease Medium 39039049

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2009 Breaking the code of DNA binding specificity of TAL-type III effectors. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1822 19933107
2011 Efficient design and assembly of custom TALEN and other TAL effector-based constructs for DNA targeting. Nucleic acids research 1511 21493687
2009 A simple cipher governs DNA recognition by TAL effectors. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1365 19933106
2010 Targeting DNA double-strand breaks with TAL effector nucleases. Genetics 1299 20660643
1995 Absence of blood formation in mice lacking the T-cell leukaemia oncoprotein tal-1/SCL. Nature 763 7830794
2011 TAL effectors: customizable proteins for DNA targeting. Science (New York, N.Y.) 696 21960622
1996 The T cell leukemia oncoprotein SCL/tal-1 is essential for development of all hematopoietic lineages. Cell 593 8689686
2012 TAL Effector-Nucleotide Targeter (TALE-NT) 2.0: tools for TAL effector design and target prediction. Nucleic acids research 475 22693217
2012 Structural basis for sequence-specific recognition of DNA by TAL effectors. Science (New York, N.Y.) 424 22223738
2012 The crystal structure of TAL effector PthXo1 bound to its DNA target. Science (New York, N.Y.) 396 22223736
2010 TAL nucleases (TALNs): hybrid proteins composed of TAL effectors and FokI DNA-cleavage domain. Nucleic acids research 370 20699274
1990 The tal gene undergoes chromosome translocation in T cell leukemia and potentially encodes a helix-loop-helix protein. The EMBO journal 349 2303035
1990 Site-specific recombination of the tal-1 gene is a common occurrence in human T cell leukemia. The EMBO journal 329 2209547
2003 Haematopoietic stem cells retain long-term repopulating activity and multipotency in the absence of stem-cell leukaemia SCL/tal-1 gene. Nature 289 12540851
2015 Gene targeting by the TAL effector PthXo2 reveals cryptic resistance gene for bacterial blight of rice. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 282 25824104
2013 A library of TAL effector nucleases spanning the human genome. Nature biotechnology 280 23417094
2011 Modularly assembled designer TAL effector nucleases for targeted gene knockout and gene replacement in eukaryotes. Nucleic acids research 275 21459844
2010 TAL effectors: finding plant genes for disease and defense. Current opinion in plant biology 275 20570209
1998 Unsuspected role for the T-cell leukemia protein SCL/tal-1 in vascular development. Genes & development 255 9472016
1996 Tal-1 induces T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia accelerated by casein kinase IIalpha. The EMBO journal 243 8895560
1994 The SCL/TAL-1 gene is expressed in progenitors of both the hematopoietic and vascular systems during embryogenesis. Blood 239 8118024
1993 Expression of tal-1 and GATA-binding proteins during human hematopoiesis. Blood 230 7678994
2012 The LRR and RING domain protein LRSAM1 is an E3 ligase crucial for ubiquitin-dependent autophagy of intracellular Salmonella Typhimurium. Cell host & microbe 190 23245322
2014 The rice TAL effector-dependent resistance protein XA10 triggers cell death and calcium depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum. The Plant cell 178 24488961
2012 Iterative capped assembly: rapid and scalable synthesis of repeat-module DNA such as TAL effectors from individual monomers. Nucleic acids research 147 22740649
2017 TAL effector driven induction of a SWEET gene confers susceptibility to bacterial blight of cotton. Nature communications 145 28537271
1991 Two site-specific deletions and t(1;14) translocation restricted to human T-cell acute leukemias disrupt the 5' part of the tal-1 gene. Oncogene 145 1886719
2014 TAL effectors--pathogen strategies and plant resistance engineering. The New phytologist 131 25539004
2004 Tal, a Tsg101-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulates receptor endocytosis and retrovirus budding. Genes & development 130 15256501
2000 Role of SCL/Tal-1, GATA, and ets transcription factor binding sites for the regulation of flk-1 expression during murine vascular development. Blood 125 11049987
2007 Vasopressin V2 receptor expression along rat, mouse, and human renal epithelia with focus on TAL. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 122 17626156
1993 Site-specific deletions involving the tal-1 and sil genes are restricted to cells of the T cell receptor alpha/beta lineage: T cell receptor delta gene deletion mechanism affects multiple genes. The Journal of experimental medicine 122 8459224
2014 Code-assisted discovery of TAL effector targets in bacterial leaf streak of rice reveals contrast with bacterial blight and a novel susceptibility gene. PLoS pathogens 117 24586171
2016 Interfering TAL effectors of Xanthomonas oryzae neutralize R-gene-mediated plant disease resistance. Nature communications 111 27811915
2011 TAL effectors are remote controls for gene activation. Current opinion in microbiology 110 21215685
2012 Optimized TAL effector nucleases (TALENs) for use in treatment of sickle cell disease. Molecular bioSystems 106 22301904
1995 Expression of TAL-1 proteins in human tissues. Blood 106 7833471
2005 SCL/Tal-1 is essential for hematopoietic commitment of the hemangioblast but not for its development. Blood 101 15677567
2003 Clinical significance of HOX11L2 expression linked to t(5;14)(q35;q32), of HOX11 expression, and of SIL-TAL fusion in childhood T-cell malignancies: results of EORTC studies 58881 and 58951. Blood 98 14504110
1990 Coding sequences of the tal-1 gene are disrupted by chromosome translocation in human T cell leukemia. The Journal of experimental medicine 95 2230650
2015 TAL effectors and the executor R genes. Frontiers in plant science 94 26347759
1994 The E2A and tal-1 helix-loop-helix proteins associate in vivo and are modulated by Id proteins during interleukin 6-induced myeloid differentiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94 8016095
2012 RNA-seq pinpoints a Xanthomonas TAL-effector activated resistance gene in a large-crop genome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93 23132937
2013 TAL effectors: highly adaptable phytobacterial virulence factors and readily engineered DNA-targeting proteins. Trends in cell biology 91 23707478
2012 TAL effectors: function, structure, engineering and applications. Current opinion in structural biology 88 23265998
2014 Targeted genome editing by lentiviral protein transduction of zinc-finger and TAL-effector nucleases. eLife 82 24843011
1997 Defects of the mismatch repair gene MSH2 are implicated in the development of murine and human lymphoblastic lymphomas and are associated with the aberrant expression of rhombotin-2 (Lmo-2) and Tal-1 (SCL). Blood 82 9116269
2013 Engineering plant disease resistance based on TAL effectors. Annual review of phytopathology 80 23725472
1996 T-cell-directed TAL-1 expression induces T-cell malignancies in transgenic mice. Cancer research 79 8912842
2015 MorTAL Kombat: the story of defense against TAL effectors through loss-of-susceptibility. Frontiers in plant science 77 26236326
2013 An improved method for TAL effectors DNA-binding sites prediction reveals functional convergence in TAL repertoires of Xanthomonas oryzae strains. PloS one 70 23869221
2013 Designer TAL effectors induce disease susceptibility and resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice. Molecular plant 68 23430045
1995 Lineage-restricted regulation of the murine SCL/TAL-1 promoter. Blood 67 7632958
2013 Efficient gene targeting by TAL effector nucleases coinjected with exonucleases in zygotes. Scientific reports 66 23409244
2012 The Schistosoma mansoni tegumental-allergen-like (TAL) protein family: influence of developmental expression on human IgE responses. PLoS neglected tropical diseases 66 22509417
2007 TAL-1/SCL and its partners E47 and LMO2 up-regulate VE-cadherin expression in endothelial cells. Molecular and cellular biology 66 17242194
2015 Single molecule real-time sequencing of Xanthomonas oryzae genomes reveals a dynamic structure and complex TAL (transcription activator-like) effector gene relationships. Microbial genomics 63 27148456
1994 GATA-and SP1-binding sites are required for the full activity of the tissue-specific promoter of the tal-1 gene. Oncogene 63 8058326
1992 A third tal-1 promoter is specifically used in human T cell leukemias. The Journal of experimental medicine 60 1402666
2019 A Decade Decoded: Spies and Hackers in the History of TAL Effectors Research. Annual review of phytopathology 56 31387457
2016 Long read and single molecule DNA sequencing simplifies genome assembly and TAL effector gene analysis of Xanthomonas translucens. BMC genomics 53 26729225
2000 A pentamer transcriptional complex including tal-1 and retinoblastoma protein downmodulates c-kit expression in normal erythroblasts. Molecular and cellular biology 53 10866689
2010 Mutation in the gene encoding ubiquitin ligase LRSAM1 in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. PLoS genetics 52 20865121
2011 A frameshift mutation in LRSAM1 is responsible for a dominant hereditary polyneuropathy. Human molecular genetics 50 22012984
2001 The DNA binding activity of TAL-1 is not required to induce leukemia/lymphoma in mice. Oncogene 50 11439353
2013 Characterization and DNA-binding specificities of Ralstonia TAL-like effectors. Molecular plant 49 23300258
1996 Association of a novel GTP binding protein, DRG, with TAL oncogenic proteins. Oncogene 48 8649774
2013 Loss of the E3 ubiquitin ligase LRSAM1 sensitizes peripheral axons to degeneration in a mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Disease models & mechanisms 47 23519028
1998 Chromatin immunoselection defines a TAL-1 target gene. The EMBO journal 46 9724651
1998 Enforced TAL-1 expression stimulates primitive, erythroid and megakaryocytic progenitors but blocks the granulopoietic differentiation program. Cancer research 45 9458106
2014 TAL effectors: tools for DNA targeting. Briefings in functional genomics 44 24907364
1995 Loss of TAL-1 protein activity induces premature apoptosis of Jurkat leukemic T cells upon medium depletion. The EMBO journal 44 7774592
1997 Distinct mechanisms direct SCL/tal-1 expression in erythroid cells and CD34 positive primitive myeloid cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 43 9079714
2015 QueTAL: a suite of tools to classify and compare TAL effectors functionally and phylogenetically. Frontiers in plant science 41 26284082
2013 FairyTALE: a high-throughput TAL effector synthesis platform. ACS synthetic biology 41 24237314
2003 Control of erythroid cell production via caspase-mediated cleavage of transcription factor SCL/Tal-1. Cell death and differentiation 41 12867998
2014 A TAL effector repeat architecture for frameshift binding. Nature communications 39 24614980
2004 The bHLH TAL-1/SCL regulates endothelial cell migration and morphogenesis. Journal of cell science 39 14970264
1997 Ectopic TAL-1/SCL expression in phenotypically normal or leukemic myeloid precursors: proliferative and antiapoptotic effects coupled with a differentiation blockade. Molecular and cellular biology 39 9111367
2008 Differential use of SCL/TAL-1 DNA-binding domain in developmental hematopoiesis. Blood 38 18550854
1992 T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia--the associated gene SCL/tal codes for a 42-Kd nuclear phosphoprotein. Blood 38 1450410
2013 Molecular dynamics simulations of DNA-free and DNA-bound TAL effectors. PloS one 36 24130757
2013 TAL effector specificity for base 0 of the DNA target is altered in a complex, effector- and assay-dependent manner by substitutions for the tryptophan in cryptic repeat -1. PloS one 36 24312634
2010 TAL effector-DNA specificity. Virulence 35 21178484
2020 A TAL effector-like protein of an endofungal bacterium increases the stress tolerance and alters the transcriptome of the host. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 34 32632014
2013 ULtiMATE system for rapid assembly of customized TAL effectors. PloS one 34 24228087
1997 Simultaneous SIL-TAL1 RT-PCR detection of all tal(d) deletions and identification of novel tal(d) variants. British journal of haematology 34 9432040
1995 Inhibition of cellular differentiation by the SCL/tal oncoprotein: transcriptional repression by an Id-like mechanism. Blood 34 7812000
2017 The effect of increasing numbers of repeats on TAL effector DNA binding specificity. Nucleic acids research 32 28460076
2013 Genome engineering with TAL-effector nucleases and alternative modular nuclease technologies. Current gene therapy 31 23888878
2020 Discovery of Berberine that Targetedly Induces Autophagic Degradation of both BCR-ABL and BCR-ABL T315I through Recruiting LRSAM1 for Overcoming Imatinib Resistance. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 30 32098768
1993 tal-1 deletions in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia as PCR target for detection of minimal residual disease. Leukemia 30 8255100
2024 Erianin induces ferroptosis in GSCs via REST/LRSAM1 mediated SLC40A1 ubiquitination to overcome TMZ resistance. Cell death & disease 28 39039049
2012 The TAL effector PthA4 interacts with nuclear factors involved in RNA-dependent processes including a HMG protein that selectively binds poly(U) RNA. PloS one 28 22384209
2017 Deciphering TAL effectors for 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine recognition. Nature communications 27 29026078
2016 TAL Effectors Drive Transcription Bidirectionally in Plants. Molecular plant 26 27965000
2015 A LRSAM1 mutation links Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 to Parkinson's disease. Annals of clinical and translational neurology 26 26900582
2012 A novel LRSAM1 mutation is associated with autosomal dominant axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 26 22781092
2018 Two ancestral genes shaped the Xanthomonas campestris TAL effector gene repertoire. The New phytologist 25 29677397
2014 PHF23 (plant homeodomain finger protein 23) negatively regulates cell autophagy by promoting ubiquitination and degradation of E3 ligase LRSAM1. Autophagy 25 25484098

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