Affinage

LOXL1

Lysyl oxidase homolog 1 · UniProt Q08397

Length
574 aa
Mass
63.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 24 papers cited in narrative 24 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

LOXL1 is an extracellular copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyzes oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine residues in elastin and fibrillar collagens, driving covalent cross-link formation essential for elastic fiber assembly and connective tissue mechanical integrity. All tested coding variants retain BAPN-inhibitable amine oxidase activity toward elastin, type I collagen, and cadaverine, though disease-associated variants R141L and G153D alter surface electrostatics and proteolytic processing rather than catalytic function (PMID:22328822, PMID:26997634). Loxl1 knockout mice develop pelvic organ prolapse with globally weakened connective tissues, disrupted ocular anterior segment barriers with decreased elastin, and resistance to CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis when deleted specifically in hepatic stellate cells, where LOXL1 activates a FAK/PI3K/AKT/HIF1α positive feedback loop and signals through Smad2/3 (PMID:18265927, PMID:24425853, PMID:34569648, PMID:30257391). Beyond its extracellular catalytic role, LOXL1 stabilizes the antiapoptotic protein BAG2 by competing with ubiquitylation at K186, confers antiapoptotic activity in glioma, and activates the Hippo pathway by phosphorylating MST1/2 kinases in colorectal cancer cells (PMID:32424143, PMID:32912229).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 1999 Medium

    Identifying LOXL1 as co-regulated with type III procollagen during liver fibrosis established it as a cross-linking enzyme with potentially distinct substrate preference from LOX.

    Evidence RT-PCR and Northern blot in CCl4-treated mouse liver fibrosis model

    PMID:10022501

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct enzymatic assay on type III collagen substrate
    • Substrate specificity versus LOX inferred from co-expression, not biochemistry
  2. 2004 Medium

    Comprehensive tissue and developmental mapping revealed LOXL1 as an extracellular and nuclear enzyme with distinct spatial expression from LOX, broadening its potential functional contexts beyond ECM crosslinking.

    Evidence Immunohistochemistry across multiple mouse tissues and developmental stages

    PMID:15609098

    Open questions at the time
    • Nuclear localization function unexplained
    • Single method (IHC) without biochemical confirmation of nuclear activity
  3. 2008 High

    Loxl1 knockout mice developing pelvic organ prolapse with quantifiable biomechanical failure demonstrated that LOXL1 is non-redundant for connective tissue structural integrity in vivo.

    Evidence Biomechanical testing to failure of vaginal/supportive tissue complex in Loxl1-null mice

    PMID:18265927

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of elastin versus collagen crosslinking defects not separated
    • No rescue experiment performed
  4. 2009 High

    Direct identification of LOXL1 protein within pseudoexfoliation deposits linked the enzyme physically to PEX disease pathology, not just genetically.

    Evidence Mass spectrometry of surgically isolated PEX material from anterior lens capsules, confirmed by IHC

    PMID:19442659

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether LOXL1 in PEX deposits is enzymatically active or aggregated unclear
    • Causative versus bystander role in deposit formation not resolved
  5. 2012 High

    Demonstrating that all four R141L/G153D haplotype variants retain full BAPN-inhibitable amine oxidase activity showed that PEX-associated coding variants do not impair catalysis, redirecting attention to non-catalytic mechanisms of disease.

    Evidence Recombinant protein purification and peroxidase-coupled fluorometric amine oxidase assay with BAPN inhibition

    PMID:22328822

    Open questions at the time
    • Substrate range tested limited to elastin, type I collagen, cadaverine
    • Processing and secretion effects of variants not assessed in this study
  6. 2014 High

    Loxl1-null mice developing disrupted blood-aqueous barrier and decreased ocular elastin established LOXL1 as essential for elastic fiber maintenance in the anterior segment, directly relevant to PEX pathogenesis.

    Evidence Loxl1 knockout mouse phenotyping with histology, fluorescein angiography, and elastin IHC

    PMID:24425853

    Open questions at the time
    • No rescue with exogenous LOXL1 attempted
    • Mechanism linking elastin loss to barrier disruption not defined
  7. 2015 Medium

    Identification of functional risk variants in the LOXL1-AS1 promoter region that respond to oxidative and mechanical stress established a regulatory lncRNA layer at the LOXL1 locus relevant to PEX pathogenesis.

    Evidence Deep sequencing, luciferase promoter reporters, cell stress experiments in lens epithelial and Schlemm's canal endothelial cells

    PMID:26307087

    Open questions at the time
    • LOXL1-AS1 mechanism of action on LOXL1 protein expression not defined
    • Whether lncRNA regulates LOXL1 in cis or trans unclear
  8. 2016 Medium

    Showing that R141L/G153D variants alter LOXL1 proteolytic processing rather than catalysis provided a mechanistic explanation for how coding variants cause disease without affecting enzyme activity.

    Evidence Molecular modelling and immunoprecipitation of secreted variant proteins in RFL-6 fibroblasts

    PMID:26997634

    Open questions at the time
    • BMP-1 as the responsible protease proposed but not directly confirmed
    • Processing differences not quantitated with purified protease
  9. 2017 High

    Discovery that the intronic rs11638944 variant reduces LOXL1 mRNA through RXRα-dependent transcription and alternative splicing established a cis-regulatory mechanism for disease-associated LOXL1 downregulation.

    Evidence GWAS, luciferase reporters, RXRα EMSA/ChIP, splicing analysis, allele-specific expression in patient tissues

    PMID:28534485

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether RXRα binding is necessary or sufficient for expression change not separated from splicing effects
    • Downstream functional consequence of specific splice variants not characterized
  10. 2018 High

    Identifying LOXL1 as the specific LOX family member driving elastin crosslinking in liver cirrhosis — absent in normal/fibrotic liver but co-localizing with activated HSCs in cirrhosis — separated its cirrhotic role from other family members and showed therapeutic knockdown arrests disease progression.

    Evidence CCl4 mouse cirrhosis model with AAV-shRNA LOXL1 knockdown, quantitative elastin/collagen analysis, IHC

    PMID:29366776

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether LOXL1 knockdown reverses established cirrhosis versus prevents progression not tested
    • Substrate specificity in cirrhotic ECM not defined biochemically
  11. 2018 Medium

    Placing LOXL1 upstream of Smad2/3 phosphorylation in TGF-β1-stimulated hepatic stellate cells revealed a signaling role beyond its extracellular catalytic function.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, overexpression, Smad2/3 double knockdown epistasis in LX-2 cells

    PMID:30257391

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether LOXL1 activates Smad2/3 through enzymatic activity or protein-protein interaction not resolved
    • Mechanism of Smad2/3 phosphorylation induction unknown
  12. 2019 Medium

    Demonstrating that the LOXL1 N-terminus is an intrinsically disordered region prone to intracellular aggregation in XFG patient fibroblasts, with autophagic clearance, provided a proteostasis-based disease mechanism complementing the crosslinking deficiency model.

    Evidence In silico disorder prediction, overexpression aggregation assays, autophagy flux assays in XFG patient-derived fibroblasts

    PMID:31928728

    Open questions at the time
    • No structural validation of disorder by NMR or SAXS
    • Aggregation propensity of endogenous versus overexpressed protein not compared
    • Whether aggregation is pathogenic or protective unclear
  13. 2019 High

    Linking a protective LOXL1-locus variant to retinoic acid signaling via STRA6 regulation identified a systemic signaling axis — thyroid hormone receptor β and RA pathway — converging on LOXL1 expression control.

    Evidence Multi-population deep sequencing, enhancer reporters, THRβ EMSA/ChIP, siRNA knockdown of RA signaling

    PMID:30986821

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether RA-mediated LOXL1 regulation is direct or indirect not fully resolved
    • Therapeutic potential of RA modulation not tested in disease model
  14. 2020 Medium

    Discovery that LOXL1 stabilizes BAG2 by competing with ubiquitylation at K186 revealed a non-canonical intracellular function — regulation of protein turnover — independent of its canonical oxidase activity, with antiapoptotic consequences in glioma.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, molecular docking, ubiquitylation competition assay, gain/loss-of-function in glioma cells and xenografts

    PMID:32424143

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether LOXL1 enzymatic activity is required for BAG2 stabilization not tested with catalytic-dead mutant
    • Generalizability beyond glioma unknown
  15. 2020 Medium

    Identification of LOXL1 as a Hippo pathway activator through physical interaction with MST1/2 kinases established a tumor-suppressive signaling function in colorectal cancer distinct from its ECM role.

    Evidence Co-IP of LOXL1-MST1/2, kinase phosphorylation assay, xenograft and metastasis models in CRC cells

    PMID:32912229

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether MST1/2 interaction requires LOXL1 catalytic domain not determined
    • Single cancer type; generalizability unclear
  16. 2021 High

    Hepatic stellate cell-specific Loxl1 conditional knockout preventing fibrosis and NASH, combined with identification of the ITGA8→LOXL1→FAK/PI3K/AKT/HIF1α positive feedback loop, defined the cell-autonomous and signaling circuit through which LOXL1 drives liver disease.

    Evidence HSC-specific Loxl1 conditional KO, CCl4/CDAA models, RNA-seq, HIF1α ChIP on LOXL1 promoter, pharmacological inhibitors

    PMID:34014450 PMID:34569648

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the FAK/PI3K/AKT/HIF1α loop operates in non-hepatic tissues not tested
    • Direct ITGA8-LOXL1 interaction mechanism not defined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the structural basis of LOXL1 N-terminal disorder and aggregation, the mechanism by which LOXL1 activates intracellular kinases (MST1/2, Smad2/3, FAK) independently of its oxidase activity, and whether the distinct extracellular (crosslinking) and intracellular (BAG2 stabilization, Hippo activation) functions are coupled or context-specific.
  • No crystal or cryo-EM structure available
  • Catalytic-dead mutant not systematically tested across signaling and stabilization functions
  • Relative contribution of enzymatic versus non-enzymatic functions in disease models not separated

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity 2 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 1
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 3 GO:0031012 extracellular matrix 3 GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1474244 Extracellular matrix organization 5 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3
Partners
BAG2FBLN5HIF1AITGA8MST1MST2RXRA

Evidence

Reading pass · 24 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2004 LOXL1 (LOXL) protein is expressed as an extracellular enzyme that deaminates peptidyl lysyl residues, functioning in cross-linking of fibrillar collagens and elastin, and is localized to both extracellular matrix and nuclei of cells in multiple tissues; its expression pattern differs from LOX in kidney, stomach, intestine, retina, ovary, testis, and brain, and it is highly expressed during embryonic development and diminishes with aging. Immunohistochemistry and comparative immunolocalization in mouse tissues across developmental stages Journal of molecular histology Medium 15609098
1999 LOXL1 (LOXL) mRNA is co-induced with type III procollagen mRNA early in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis, suggesting LOXL1 participates in lysine-derived cross-link formation in collagenous substrates with potentially different substrate specificity from LOX (which parallels type I collagen). Real-time RT-PCR and Northern blotting in mouse liver fibrosis model Journal of cellular biochemistry Medium 10022501
2012 All four haplotype variants of LOXL1 (R141L and G153D combinations) exhibit beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN)-inhibitable amine oxidase activity toward elastin, type I collagen, and cadaverine; the disease-associated coding variants R141L and G153D in the NH2-terminal region do not significantly affect amine oxidase catalytic activity. Recombinant protein expression, nickel-affinity purification, and peroxidase-coupled fluorometric amine oxidase assay with BAPN inhibition Molecular vision High 22328822
2016 LOXL1 coding variants R141L and G153D are likely surface-exposed residues; the amino acid substitutions alter local protein electrostatic potential and modify protein-protein interactions, specifically affecting processing of secreted LOXL1 by endogenous proteases (possibly BMP-1, which cleaves LOXL1 for enzymatic activation), as detected by immunoprecipitation of secreted variant proteins in RFL-6 cells. Molecular modelling, ectopic expression in RFL-6 rat fetal lung fibroblasts, immunoprecipitation of secreted proteins, immunofluorescence Experimental eye research Medium 26997634
2014 LOXL1 knockout mice develop disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier in the ocular anterior segment, lens abnormalities (anterior subcapsular vesiculation), and decreased elastin in the iris and ciliary body, demonstrating that LOXL1 is required for elastic fiber maintenance in ocular tissues. Loxl1 null mouse phenotyping: anterior segment histology, fluorescein angiography, immunohistochemistry for elastin Investigative ophthalmology & visual science High 24425853
2008 Mice deficient in LOXL1 develop pelvic organ prolapse with a global connective tissue defect; LOXL1(-/-) vaginal and supportive tissues show a 31% decrease in ultimate load at failure compared to wild-type, demonstrating that LOXL1 is required for normal biomechanical properties of pelvic floor connective tissues. Loxl1 null mouse biomechanical testing to failure of vagina and supportive tissue complex International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction High 18265927
2018 LOXL1 is the specific LOX family member responsible for elastin crosslinking in liver cirrhosis; LOXL1 co-localizes with alpha-SMA in cirrhotic liver and is absent in normal and fibrotic (non-cirrhotic) liver; AAV-shRNA-mediated LOXL1 knockdown in CCl4-induced cirrhosis mice reduces insoluble elastin by 58% and collagen area by 51%, arresting disease progression. CCl4 mouse fibrosis/cirrhosis model, immunohistochemistry, AAV2/8 shRNA knockdown, quantitative elastin/collagen analysis Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease High 29366776
2018 LOXL1 knockdown in TGF-β1-stimulated hepatic stellate cells (LX-2) suppresses proliferation and fibrogenesis by reducing phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3; Smad2/3 double knockdown abolishes both TGF-β1- and LOXL1 overexpression-mediated fibrogenic effects, placing LOXL1 upstream of the Smad2/3 pathway in hepatic stellate cell activation. siRNA knockdown and overexpression in LX-2 cells, Western blot for pSmad2/3, proliferation assay, genetic epistasis (double knockdown) Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Medium 30257391
2021 Hepatic stellate cell-specific LOXL1 knockout prevents CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and NASH-associated inflammation; RNA sequencing identifies integrin α8 (ITGA8) as a key upstream modulator of LOXL1; siRNA silencing of ITGA8 reduces LOXL1 expression; HIF1α directly binds the LOXL1 promoter and upregulates its expression; LOXL1 activates FAK/PI3K/AKT/HIF1α signaling, forming a positive feedback loop. HSC-specific Loxl1fl/fl Gfap-cre knockout mice, CCl4/CDAA diet models, RNA sequencing, ChIP (HIF1α-LOXL1 promoter), siRNA epistasis, FAK/PI3K inhibitor experiments FASEB journal High 34569648
2021 HSC-specific LOXL1 deficiency (Loxl1fl/fl Gfapcre) in CDAA diet-induced non-obese NASH mice ameliorates hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, and restores adipose tissue function, indicating LOXL1 in HSCs contributes to both ECM crosslinking and systemic metabolic dysregulation in non-obese NAFLD. Conditional HSC-specific Loxl1 knockout mice on CDAA diet, liver histology, pro-fibrogenic/inflammatory gene expression, serum LOXL1 correlation with fibrosis in human NAFLD biopsies Hepatology international High 34014450
2009 LOXL1 protein is directly identified as a component of surgically isolated pseudoexfoliation (PEX) material from anterior lens capsules by mass spectrometry, confirmed by immunohistochemistry, establishing that LOXL1 protein is physically incorporated into pathological PEX deposits. Direct mass spectrometry of isolated PEX material, immunohistochemistry confirmation Experimental eye research High 19442659
2017 A noncoding rs11638944:C>G transversion in introns 1-2 of LOXL1, in a region with enhancer-like chromatin features, mediates cis-acting reduction in LOXL1 mRNA levels through differential binding of transcription factor RXRα and by modulating alternative splicing of LOXL1 exons, leading to reduced LOXL1 mRNA in risk allele carrier cells and tissues. GWAS, luciferase reporter assays, RXRα binding (EMSA/ChIP), alternative splicing analysis by RT-PCR, allele-specific expression in patient tissues Nature communications High 28534485
2011 TGF-β1, oxidative stress, UV light, and hypoxia induce significant upregulation of LOXL1 expression and elastic fiber proteins in human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts, with assembly into extracellular microfibrillar networks and PEX-like fibrils, demonstrating that these pathogenic stimuli regulate LOXL1-mediated elastic fiber formation. Cultured human fibroblast stimulation, real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy Investigative ophthalmology & visual science Medium 21948647
2020 LOXL1 inhibits the transcriptional activity of YAP in colorectal cancer by physically interacting with MST1/2 kinases and increasing their phosphorylation, thereby activating the Hippo pathway and functioning as a tumor suppressor. Co-immunoprecipitation, kinase phosphorylation assay, colony formation, wound healing, migration/invasion assays, in vivo xenograft and metastasis models Cell communication and signaling Medium 32912229
2020 LOXL1 interacts with the antiapoptotic protein BAG2 through a hydrogen bond between LOXL1-D515 and BAG2-K186; LOXL1's lysyl oxidase enzymatic activity prevents BAG2 degradation by competing with K186 ubiquitylation, thereby stabilizing BAG2 and conferring antiapoptotic activity in glioma cells; LOXL1 expression is specifically upregulated via the VEGFR-Src-CEBPA transcriptional axis. Co-immunoprecipitation, molecular docking/hydrogen bond analysis, ubiquitylation competition assay, gain/loss-of-function in cells and animals, VEGFR-Src-CEBPA pathway analysis Cell death and differentiation Medium 32424143
2021 LOXL1 promotes angiogenesis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by interacting with fibulin 5 (FBLN5), which binds αvβ3 integrin in an RGD domain-dependent manner, activating the FAK-MAPK signaling pathway in vascular endothelial cells. Co-immunoprecipitation (LOXL1-FBLN5 interaction), αvβ3 integrin binding assays, FAK-MAPK pathway Western blotting, overexpression/knockdown in RBE and 9810 cells, in vivo angiogenesis models Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids Medium 33614230
2021 LOXL1 promotes tumor growth and invasion in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) by remodeling extracellular matrix; pan-LOX inhibitor BAPN and LOXL1-specific silencing decrease tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis by disrupting ECM structure, resulting in decreased estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. Intraductal xenograft models, BAPN pharmacological inhibition, shRNA knockdown, ECM structural analysis, ER signaling readouts EMBO molecular medicine High 33616307
2019 LOXL1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stroma is regulated by integrin α11 in cancer-associated fibroblasts; LOXL1 in turn mediates collagen matrix remodeling and collagen fiber alignment, supporting tumor growth and progression in a NSCLC xenograft model. Integrin α11 KD/OE, LOXL1 KD/OE in cancer-associated fibroblasts, collagen matrix assays, in vivo NSCLC xenograft model, correlation analysis in patient datasets Cancers Medium 31121900
2020 LOXL1-AS1 lncRNA localizes to the nucleus where it selectively binds to the mRNA processing protein hnRNPL; both components regulate global gene expression in ocular cells relevant to pseudoexfoliation glaucoma pathogenesis. RNA-FISH (nuclear localization), RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), pulldown assays identifying hnRNPL as LOXL1-AS1 binding partner, functional gene expression analysis Human molecular genetics Medium 32037441
2015 Risk alleles in the region upstream of the LOXL1-AS1 lncRNA (located at the 3'-end of exon 1 and adjacent intron 1 of LOXL1) are functional variants that significantly modulate LOXL1-AS1 promoter activity; LOXL1-AS1 expression is altered by oxidative stress in human lens epithelial cells and by cyclic mechanical stress in Schlemm's canal endothelial cells, implicating this lncRNA in cellular stress response relevant to pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Deep sequencing of LOXL1 locus, luciferase promoter reporter assays, multi-population replication, cell stress experiments with qRT-PCR Human molecular genetics Medium 26307087
2019 The LOXL1 N-terminus (first ~369 aa) constitutes an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) with maximum disorder at amino acid position 153 (the G153D risk variant site); overexpression of LOXL1 or fluorescent chimeras preserving the intact N-terminus causes copious intracellular protein aggregation in XFG patient-derived fibroblasts; in XFG cells, a substantial fraction of LOXL1 is processed for autophagic degradation. In silico disorder prediction, overexpression with fluorescent tags, aggregation assays, autophagy flux assays in XFG patient-derived fibroblasts Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology Medium 31928728
2019 The protective variant rs7173049-G at the LOXL1 locus lies in an enhancer-like region that regulates ISLR2 and STRA6 expression via allele-specific binding of thyroid hormone receptor beta; siRNA-mediated downregulation of retinoic acid (RA) signaling induces upregulation of LOXL1 and PEX-associated matrix genes, linking RA signaling via STRA6 to regulation of LOXL1 expression in PEX-relevant cell types. LOXL1 deep sequencing across 9 ethnic populations, luciferase enhancer assays, allele-specific transcription factor binding (thyroid hormone receptor beta EMSA/ChIP), siRNA knockdown of RA signaling components, tissue expression analysis Human molecular genetics High 30986821
2021 Loxl1-deficient mice develop pelvic organ prolapse with disorganized collagen and elastic fibers in pelvic tissues, urinary dysfunction, decreased pelvic floor tissue mechanical properties, and upregulation of ECM catabolism and inflammatory response genes, consistent with pathological features in human POP patients. Loxl1 knockout mice, histology of collagen/elastic fibers, urodynamics, mechanical testing, GO/transcriptome analysis, comparison to human prolapse tissue Aging Medium 34923484
2017 Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) induces post-natal maturation of immature articular cartilage with a 10-fold upregulation of LOXL1 gene expression correlating with a 5-fold increase in cartilage stiffness as measured by atomic force microscopy, identifying LOXL1 as a mediator of PRP-induced cartilage stiffening. In vitro PRP treatment of immature cartilage explants, gene expression analysis, atomic force microscopy for stiffness, BrdU incorporation for proliferation Scientific reports Medium 28623328

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1990 cDNA cloning and immunological characterization of the rye grass allergen Lol p I. The Journal of biological chemistry 139 1697854
1991 Cloning and sequencing of Lol pI, the major allergenic protein of rye-grass pollen. FEBS letters 118 2001733
2008 Molecular pathology of pseudoexfoliation syndrome/glaucoma--new insights from LOXL1 gene associations. Experimental eye research 103 18809397
2015 Outer membrane lipoprotein biogenesis: Lol is not the end. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 100 26370942
2008 Association of LOXL1 common sequence variants in German and Italian patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 96 18385063
2008 DNA sequence variants in the LOXL1 gene are associated with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in a U.S. clinic-based population with broad ethnic diversity. BMC medical genetics 88 18254956
2008 Association of LOXL1 gene polymorphisms with pseudoexfoliation in the Japanese. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 84 18450598
1989 Human immune responsiveness to Lolium perenne pollen allergen Lol p III (rye III) is associated with HLA-DR3 and DR5. Human immunology 82 2715056
2011 Regulation of lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) and elastin-related genes by pathogenic factors associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 79 21948647
2008 Evaluation of LOXL1 gene polymorphisms in exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma. Molecular vision 79 18385788
2004 Comparative immunocytochemical localization of lysyl oxidase (LOX) and the lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) proteins: changes in the expression of LOXL during development and growth of mouse tissues. Journal of molecular histology 78 15609098
1988 Association of HLA-DR3 with human immune response to Lol p I and Lol p II allergens in allergic subjects. Tissue antigens 77 3261461
2018 LncRNA LOXL1-AS1 Promotes the Proliferation and Metastasis of Medulloblastoma by Activating the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) 70 30050750
2009 Identification of LOXL1 protein and Apolipoprotein E as components of surgically isolated pseudoexfoliation material by direct mass spectrometry. Experimental eye research 70 19442659
2019 LncRNA LOXL1-AS1 facilitates the tumorigenesis and stemness of gastric carcinoma via regulation of miR-708-5p/USF1 pathway. Cell proliferation 68 31468594
2009 Evaluation of LOXL1 polymorphisms in exfoliation syndrome in a Chinese population. Molecular vision 68 19936304
2008 Evaluation of LOXL1 polymorphisms in eyes with exfoliation glaucoma in Japanese. Molecular vision 68 18648524
2018 Inhibition of lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) expression arrests liver fibrosis progression in cirrhosis by reducing elastin crosslinking. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease 67 29366776
1989 Complete primary structure of a Lolium perenne (perennial rye grass) pollen allergen, Lol p III: comparison with known Lol p I and II sequences. Biochemistry 67 2605214
2015 Genetic variants and cellular stressors associated with exfoliation syndrome modulate promoter activity of a lncRNA within the LOXL1 locus. Human molecular genetics 65 26307087
2019 LOXL1 Is Regulated by Integrin α11 and Promotes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumorigenicity. Cancers 57 31121900
2009 Association of LOXL1 gene with Finnish exfoliation syndrome patients. Journal of human genetics 57 19343041
2002 Mutants of the major ryegrass pollen allergen, Lol p 5, with reduced IgE-binding capacity: candidates for grass pollen-specific immunotherapy. European journal of immunology 56 11782018
2018 Silencing LncRNA LOXL1-AS1 attenuates mesenchymal characteristics of glioblastoma via NF-κB pathway. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 55 29678575
2019 LncRNA LOXL1-AS1/miR-let-7a-5p/EGFR-related pathway regulates the doxorubicin resistance of prostate cancer DU-145 cells. IUBMB life 54 31188543
2017 Pseudoexfoliation syndrome-associated genetic variants affect transcription factor binding and alternative splicing of LOXL1. Nature communications 50 28534485
2009 Association of LOXL1 polymorphisms with pseudoexfoliation in the Chinese. Molecular vision 49 19503743
1999 Cutting edge: identification of novel T cell epitopes in Lol p5a by computational prediction. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 45 10438899
1989 Complete amino acid sequence of a Lolium perenne (perennial rye grass) pollen allergen, Lol p II. The Journal of biological chemistry 44 2472390
2021 Intraductal xenografts show lobular carcinoma cells rely on their own extracellular matrix and LOXL1. EMBO molecular medicine 43 33616307
2011 Outer membrane targeting of Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteins shows variable dependence on the components of Bam and Lol machineries. mBio 43 22147293
2019 LncRNA LOXL1-AS1/miR-28-5p/SEMA7A axis facilitates pancreatic cancer progression. Cell biochemistry and function 42 31732974
2020 LOXL1 confers antiapoptosis and promotes gliomagenesis through stabilizing BAG2. Cell death and differentiation 41 32424143
2014 Disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier and lens abnormalities in mice lacking lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1). Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 41 24425853
2008 Genetic association of LOXL1 gene variants and exfoliation glaucoma in a Utah cohort. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 41 18287813
2019 Long non-coding RNA LOXL1-AS1 acts as a ceRNA for miR-324-3p to contribute to cholangiocarcinoma progression via modulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 40 31003776
2021 LOXL1 exerts oncogenesis and stimulates angiogenesis through the LOXL1-FBLN5/αvβ3 integrin/FAK-MAPK axis in ICC. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 39 33614230
2019 The role of lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) in exfoliation syndrome and glaucoma. Experimental eye research 39 31563608
2018 Knockdown of LOXL1 inhibits TGF-β1-induced proliferation and fibrogenesis of hepatic stellate cells by inhibition of Smad2/3 phosphorylation. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 39 30257391
2008 LOXL1 deficiency negatively impacts the biomechanical properties of the mouse vagina and supportive tissues. International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction 39 18265927
1991 HLA-D gene studies in relation to immune responsiveness to a grass allergen Lol p III. Immunogenetics 39 1995475
2020 LncRNA LOXL1-AS1 is transcriptionally activated by JUND and contributes to osteoarthritis progression via targeting the miR-423-5p/KDM5C axis. Life sciences 38 32679142
2012 Variations in LOXL1 associated with exfoliation glaucoma do not affect amine oxidase activity. Molecular vision 38 22328822
1999 Coexpression of the lysyl oxidase-like gene (LOXL) and the gene encoding type III procollagen in induced liver fibrosis. Journal of cellular biochemistry 38 10022501
1994 IgE and IgG cross-reactivity among Lol p I and Lol p II/III. Identification of the C-termini of Lol p I, II, and III as cross-reactive structures. Allergy 38 7518655
2011 An investigation into LOXL1 variants in black South African individuals with exfoliation syndrome. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) 37 21320968
2010 Analysis of LOXL1 polymorphisms in a Saudi Arabian population with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Molecular vision 37 21197115
2020 Non-coding RNA LOXL1-AS1 exhibits oncogenic activity in ovarian cancer via regulation of miR-18b-5p/VMA21 axis. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 36 32058209
2004 Downregulation of tissue factor by RNA interference in human melanoma LOX-L cells reduces pulmonary metastasis in nude mice. International journal of cancer 36 15386437
2014 Expression and regulation of LOXL1 and elastin-related genes in eyes with exfoliation syndrome. Journal of glaucoma 34 25275906
2011 Analysis of LOXL1 single nucleotide polymorphisms in Polish population with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Acta ophthalmologica 34 21272281
2021 Hepatic stellate cells-specific LOXL1 deficiency abrogates hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and corrects lipid metabolic abnormalities in non-obese NASH mice. Hepatology international 33 34014450
2011 Polymorphisms in ARMS2 (LOC387715) and LOXL1 genes in the Japanese with age-related macular degeneration. American journal of ophthalmology 33 21236409
2020 LncRNA LOXL1-AS1 controls osteogenic and adipocytic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in postmenopausal osteoporosis through regulating the miR-196a-5p/Hmga2 axis. Journal of bone and mineral metabolism 32 32651705
2019 LncRNA LOXL1-AS1 regulates the tumorigenesis and development of lung adenocarcinoma through sponging miR-423-5p and targeting MYBL2. Cancer medicine 31 31758653
2014 Association of LOXL1 polymorphisms with pseudoexfoliation, glaucoma, intraocular pressure, and systemic diseases in a Greek population. The Thessaloniki eye study. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 31 24917141
2020 LncRNA LOXL1-AS1 promotes endometrial cancer progression by sponging miR-28-5p to upregulate RAP1B expression. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 30 32006897
2020 LOXL1 modulates the malignant progression of colorectal cancer by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of YAP. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 30 32912229
2008 The LOXL1 gene variations are not associated with primary open-angle and primary angle-closure glaucomas. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 30 18223248
2008 Exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma-associated LOXL1 variations are not involved in pigment dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma. Molecular vision 30 18618003
2021 Speculative assessment, molecular composition, PDOS, topology exploration (ELF, LOL, RDG), ligand-protein interactions, on 5-bromo-3-nitropyridine-2-carbonitrile. Heliyon 27 34095571
2018 Exfoliation Syndrome: A Disease of Autophagy and LOXL1 Proteopathy. Journal of glaucoma 27 29547474
2016 LOXL1 Gene Polymorphism With Exfoliation Syndrome/Exfoliation Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of glaucoma 27 25304275
2013 Association of LOXL1 gene polymorphisms with exfoliation syndrome/glaucoma and primary open angle glaucoma in a Turkish population. Molecular vision 27 23378724
2010 LOXL1 expression in lens capsule tissue specimens from individuals with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and glaucoma. Molecular vision 27 21139690
1995 Mapping of the antigenic and allergenic epitopes of Lol p VB using gene fragmentation. Molecular immunology 27 7723775
2019 LncRNA LOXL1-AS1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as induced apoptosis in breast cancer via regulating miR-143-3p. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 26 31841194
2021 Selective depletion of hepatic stellate cells-specific LOXL1 alleviates liver fibrosis. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 25 34569648
2019 LncRNA LOXL1-AS1 promotes invasion and proliferation of non-small-cell lung cancer through targeting miR-324-3p. American journal of translational research 25 31737192
2007 Systematic screening of lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) family genes demonstrates that LOXL2 is a susceptibility gene to intracranial aneurysms. Human genetics 25 17287949
1997 Biochemical and immunological characterization of recombinant allergen Lol p 1. European journal of biochemistry 25 9395340
1993 Zea mI, the maize homolog of the allergen-encoding Lol pI gene of rye grass. Gene 25 8406014
2020 LOXL1-AS1/miR-515-5p/STAT3 Positive Feedback Loop Facilitates Cell Proliferation and Migration in Atherosclerosis. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 24 32453072
2020 LOXL1-AS1 contributes to the proliferation and migration of laryngocarcinoma cells through miR-589-5p/TRAF6 axis. Cancer cell international 24 33061856
2010 Sorting of bacterial lipoproteins to the outer membrane by the Lol system. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 24 20419407
2008 Evaluation of LOXL1 polymorphisms in primary open-angle glaucoma in southern and northern Chinese. Molecular vision 24 19098994
2016 Biological effect of LOXL1 coding variants associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Experimental eye research 23 26997634
2021 LOXL1-AS1 communicating with TIAR modulates vasculogenic mimicry in glioma via regulation of the miR-374b-5p/MMP14 axis. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 22 34890108
2021 Structural, functional and molecular pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse in patient and Loxl1 deficient mice. Aging 22 34923484
2019 Transcriptome analysis of luminal breast cancer reveals a role for LOL in tumor progression and tamoxifen resistance. International journal of cancer 22 30720865
1993 Cloning, expression, and immunological characterization of recombinant Lolium perenne allergen Lol p II. The Journal of biological chemistry 22 7691817
1988 Isolation and characterization of Poa p I allergens of Kentucky bluegrass pollen with a murine monoclonal anti-Lol p I antibody. International archives of allergy and applied immunology 22 3203966
2021 MiR-15b and miR-16 suppress TGF-β1-induced proliferation and fibrogenesis by regulating LOXL1 in hepatic stellate cells. Life sciences 21 33545201
2019 The protective variant rs7173049 at LOXL1 locus impacts on retinoic acid signaling pathway in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Human molecular genetics 21 30986821
2011 Evaluation of LOXL1 polymorphisms in exfoliation syndrome in the Uygur population. Molecular vision 21 21738402
2021 lncRNA LOXL1-AS1 promotes liver cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating the miR-377-3p/NFIB axis. Oncology letters 20 34267816
2017 Platelet-rich plasma induces post-natal maturation of immature articular cartilage and correlates with LOXL1 activation. Scientific reports 20 28623328
2016 Screening of lysyl oxidase (LOX) and lysyl oxidase like (LOXL) enzyme expression and activity in preterm prelabor rupture of fetal membranes. Journal of perinatal medicine 20 26011922
2009 From epidemiology to lysyl oxidase like one (LOXL1) polymorphisms discovery: phenotyping and genotyping exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma in Iceland. Acta ophthalmologica 20 19664108
2014 Expression and regulation of LOXL1 and elastin-related genes in eyes with exfoliation syndrome. Journal of glaucoma 19 25275910
1989 Molecular genetics of human immune responsiveness to Lolium perenne (rye) allergen, Lol p III. International archives of allergy and applied immunology 19 2496037
2020 Identification and activity of the functional complex between hnRNPL and the pseudoexfoliation syndrome-associated lncRNA, LOXL1-AS1. Human molecular genetics 18 32037441
2020 Potential association of LOXL1 with peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer possibly via promotion of EMT. PloS one 18 33095806
2019 LOXL1 folding in exfoliation glaucoma. Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology 18 31928728
2016 Baicalein Inhibits Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition via Downregulation of Cyr61 and LOXL-2 in MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules and cells 18 28008161
1996 Identification of T-cell epitopes of Lol p 9, a major allergen of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) pollen. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 18 8765826
1994 Mapping of T cell epitopes of the major fraction of rye grass using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from atopics and non-atopics. II. Isoallergen clone 5A of Lolium perenne group I (Lol p I). European journal of immunology 18 7522159
1992 Recombinant pollen allergens from Dactylis glomerata: preliminary evidence that human IgE cross-reactivity between Dac g II and Lol p I/II is increased following grass pollen immunotherapy. Immunology 18 1526648
2021 LOXL1‑AS1 promotes thymoma and thymic carcinoma progression by regulating miR‑525‑5p‑HSPA9. Oncology reports 17 33907842
1993 T cell epitopes of the major fraction of rye grass Lolium perenne (Lol p I) defined using overlapping peptides in vitro and in vivo. I. Isoallergen clone1A. Clinical and experimental immunology 17 7691451