Affinage

LEP

Leptin · UniProt P41159

Length
167 aa
Mass
18.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 11 papers cited in narrative 11 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 5/5 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

LEP encodes leptin, a hormone secreted by white adipose tissue that operates as a central regulator of energy homeostasis, acting both on its own expression and on multiple downstream effector pathways (PMID:10426312, PMID:9575960). Leptin exerts tissue-specific negative autoregulation, suppressing its own expression in adipose tissue while inducing expression in skeletal muscle, establishing inter-tissue cross-talk via the circulating hormone (PMID:10426312); gene-dosage and receptor-genotype experiments place this autocrine suppression downstream of the leptin receptor and indicate that fat mass accumulates toward a set-point defined by leptin concentration (PMID:9575960). Nutritional regulation of LEP expression in adipose tissue requires insulin as a necessary mediator (PMID:9591754). Genetic epistasis in leptin-deficient (Lep(ob/ob)) mice resolves distinct downstream branches of leptin action: dopamine signaling is required for the hyperphagia of leptin deficiency (PMID:10802666), SREBP-1 mediates leptin-deficiency-induced hepatic lipogenesis but is dispensable for obesity and insulin resistance (PMID:11923308), hormone-sensitive lipase is needed for full adipogenesis and modulates hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptide expression (PMID:14752112), and hyperinsulinemia is a required mediator of excess adiposity (PMID:27818936). Beyond energy balance, LEP expression is directly suppressed by miR-874-3p binding to its 3'UTR, a regulatory axis that controls osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (PMID:34818977), and LEP locus variants act as a trans-acting determinant of LPS-induced IL-6 expression in immune cells (PMID:19942621).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 1996 Medium

    Established that LEP is an evolutionarily conserved adipose-expressed gene, providing the molecular foundation for cross-species study of its product.

    Evidence RT-PCR cloning, sequencing, and somatic cell hybrid mapping of the porcine OBS/LEP ortholog

    PMID:8856925

    Open questions at the time
    • Sequence conservation does not establish functional equivalence
    • No functional assay of the cloned product
  2. 1998 Medium

    Resolved that nutritional regulation of LEP expression is not direct but requires insulin as a necessary upstream mediator.

    Evidence Streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency in rats with Lep mRNA and plasma leptin/insulin readouts under fasting and feeding

    PMID:9591754

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not define the insulin signaling intermediates in adipocytes
    • Pharmacological model may have pleiotropic effects beyond insulin loss
  3. 1998 Medium

    Showed that fat mass is regulated toward a set-point defined by leptin concentration and that the leptin receptor mediates autocrine suppression of LEP.

    Evidence Body composition and plasma leptin measurements in Lep(ob)/+ and Lep(rdb)/+ gene-dosage/receptor-genotype mouse comparisons

    PMID:9575960

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor-mediated suppression inferred from genotype correlation, not direct intervention
    • Molecular mechanism of autocrine feedback unresolved
  4. 1999 Medium

    Demonstrated tissue-specific negative autoregulation of LEP and leptin-mediated adipose–muscle cross-talk, refining how leptin shapes its own expression landscape.

    Evidence In vivo leptin administration and nutritional manipulation in rodents with tissue-specific mRNA measurement

    PMID:10426312

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcriptional machinery driving opposite tissue responses unknown
    • Physiological role of muscle LEP induction undefined
  5. 2000 High

    Placed dopamine signaling as a required downstream node for the hyperphagia caused by leptin deficiency, linking leptin to a defined neurotransmitter pathway.

    Evidence Genetic epistasis with dopamine-deficient x Lep(ob/ob) double mutants and L-DOPA rescue of feeding behavior

    PMID:10802666

    Open questions at the time
    • Circuit-level site of dopamine action not mapped
    • Does not address dopamine's role in body-weight set-point versus acute feeding
  6. 2002 High

    Dissected leptin-deficiency phenotypes by showing SREBP-1 drives hepatic lipogenesis but is dispensable for obesity and insulin resistance, separating fatty liver from whole-body metabolic disease.

    Evidence Lep(ob/ob) x Srebp-1(-/-) double-knockout with hepatic lipid quantification, lipogenic enzyme mRNA, and metabolic phenotyping

    PMID:11923308

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not identify the signal linking leptin deficiency to hepatic SREBP-1 activation
    • Residual hepatic lipid pathways not characterized
  7. 2004 Medium

    Identified hormone-sensitive lipase as required for full adipogenesis in leptin deficiency and proposed an HSL-derived fatty acid signal modulating hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptides.

    Evidence Lep(ob/ob) x HSL(-/-) double-knockout with body composition, adipose histology, and hypothalamic NPY/AgRP expression

    PMID:14752112

    Open questions at the time
    • Free-fatty-acid signal to hypothalamus is inferred, not directly demonstrated
    • Cell-autonomous versus systemic role of HSL not separated
  8. 2009 Medium

    Connected LEP genetic variation to immune function, identifying leptin expression as a trans-acting correlate of LPS-induced IL-6 in immune cells.

    Evidence Expression and protein QTL mapping in PBMCs with high-density SNP typing and correlation with LPS-induced IL-6

    PMID:19942621

    Open questions at the time
    • Link is correlative rather than interventional
    • Causal mechanism connecting leptin levels to IL-6 induction undefined
  9. 2016 High

    Established hyperinsulinemia as a necessary downstream mediator of leptin-deficiency-induced obesity, repositioning excess insulin as cause rather than consequence of adiposity.

    Evidence Graded insulin gene knockout (Ins1/Ins2 allele series) in Lep(ob/ob) mice with body composition, glycemia, and islet morphology

    PMID:27818936

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not define the tissues where reduced insulin limits fat accrual
    • Relationship to leptin's central versus peripheral actions unresolved
  10. 2021 Medium

    Defined a post-transcriptional control of LEP via direct miR-874-3p targeting of its 3'UTR that governs osteogenic differentiation, extending LEP regulation beyond metabolism.

    Evidence Luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down validation plus gain-of-function/rescue in human BMSCs with osteoblast markers and mineralization assays

    PMID:34818977

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance to bone formation not tested
    • Downstream effectors linking LEP to osteogenic markers not mapped

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The molecular signaling intermediates that integrate leptin's autoregulation, insulin dependence, and tissue-specific downstream branches (dopamine, SREBP-1, HSL, insulin) into a unified mechanism remain unresolved.
  • No direct receptor-to-effector signaling chain established in the corpus
  • Human in vivo validation of the rodent epistasis findings is absent
  • Mechanism coupling leptin status to hepatic SREBP-1 and hypothalamic neuropeptides not defined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 2
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 1
Partners
INSLEPR

Evidence

Reading pass · 11 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1999 Leptin (LEP gene product) exerts tissue-specific negative autoregulation: moderate increases in circulating leptin decreased Lep expression in adipose tissue and induced Lep expression in skeletal muscle (a tissue that normally does not express the gene), demonstrating cross-talk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle via leptin secretion. In vivo leptin administration with tissue-specific mRNA measurements (Northern/RT-PCR) in rodents; nutritional manipulation experiments Nature medicine Medium 10426312
1998 Insulin is required for food intake-dependent increases in Lep mRNA and plasma leptin: in streptozotocin-treated (insulin-deficient) animals, changes in food intake (fasting or feeding) did not alter plasma insulin and consequently failed to alter Lep mRNA or plasma leptin, establishing insulin as a necessary mediator of nutritional regulation of Lep expression in adipose tissue. Streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency in rats with measurements of Lep mRNA (Northern blot) and plasma leptin/insulin under fasting and feeding conditions Metabolism: clinical and experimental Medium 9591754
1998 Heterozygosity at Lep(ob) reduces leptin protein produced per unit fat mass, and body fat accumulates in Lep(ob)/+ mice until plasma leptin reaches the level of wild-type mice, consistent with a fat-mass set-point regulated by leptin concentration. Additionally, elevated plasma leptin in Lep(rdb)/+ mice suggests that the leptin receptor (LEPR) mediates autocrine suppression of Lep expression. Body composition analysis and plasma leptin measurements in +/+, Lep(ob)/+, Lep(rdb)/+, and compound heterozygous mice; gene dosage comparison The American journal of physiology Medium 9575960
2000 Dopamine signaling is required downstream of leptin deficiency for hyperphagia: leptin-null (Lep(ob/ob)) mice that also lack dopamine (DD x Lep(ob/ob) double mutants) failed to feed when L-DOPA treatment was withdrawn despite retained locomotor capacity, demonstrating that dopamine is necessary for the feeding behavior driven by leptin deficiency. Genetic epistasis — double mutant mice (dopamine-deficient x Lep(ob/ob)) with L-DOPA rescue and behavioral feeding assessment Nature genetics High 10802666
2002 SREBP-1 is required for leptin-deficiency-induced fatty liver but not for obesity or insulin resistance: Lep(ob/ob) x Srebp-1(-/-) double-mutant mice showed marked attenuation of hepatic triglyceride accumulation and reduced lipogenic enzyme mRNAs in liver, but remained obese and insulin resistant, placing SREBP-1 downstream of leptin deficiency specifically in the hepatic lipogenesis pathway. Genetic epistasis — double-knockout mice (Lep(ob/ob) x Srebp-1(-/-)) with hepatic lipid analysis, mRNA quantification of lipogenic enzymes, and metabolic phenotyping The Journal of biological chemistry High 11923308
2004 Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is required for full adipogenesis in leptin-deficient mice: Lep(ob/ob)/HSL(-/-) double mutants showed reduced food intake, weight gain, and adiposity compared to Lep(ob/ob)/HSL(+/+) mice, with accumulation of preadipocytes and decreased expression of mature adipocyte marker genes. Hypothalamic NPY and AgRP expression was decreased, suggesting that HSL in the hypothalamus generates free fatty acids that modulate orexigenic neuropeptide expression in the context of leptin deficiency. Genetic epistasis — double-knockout mice (Lep(ob/ob) x HSL(-/-)) with body composition, adipose tissue histology, gene expression analysis of adipocyte differentiation markers and hypothalamic neuropeptides The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 14752112
2016 Hyperinsulinemia is required for excess adiposity in leptin-deficient Lep(ob/ob) mice: reducing insulin gene dosage by 2–3 alleles in Lep(ob/ob) mice reduced plasma insulin by 75–95% and attenuated body weight gain by 50–90%, with ~30–50% reduced total body fat, placing excess insulin as a necessary downstream mediator of leptin-deficiency-induced obesity. Genetic epistasis — Lep(ob/ob) mice crossed with graded insulin gene knockouts (Ins1/Ins2 allele series); body composition, glucose homeostasis, and islet morphology assessed Molecular metabolism High 27818936
2021 miR-874-3p directly targets the LEP 3'UTR to suppress LEP expression and promote osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs): luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays confirmed LEP as a direct target; overexpression of LEP reversed miR-874-3p-induced osteoblast marker expression, calcium deposition, and cell proliferation. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down to validate miR-874-3p–LEP targeting; gain-of-function and rescue experiments in hBMSCs with osteogenic differentiation markers (ALP, RUNX2, OCN, OSX) and alizarin red staining Bioengineered Medium 34818977
2009 Common SNP variants in the LEP locus are major determinants of basal leptin expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the same LEP variants that associate with leptin expression also associate with a 1.7–2-fold higher level of LPS-induced IL-6 expression; basal leptin expression significantly correlates with LPS-induced IL-6 expression, placing LEP/leptin as a trans-acting regulator of IL-6 induction in immune cells. Expression and protein quantitative trait locus mapping in PBMCs with high-density SNP typing; correlation of leptin expression levels with LPS-induced IL-6 expression Human molecular genetics Medium 19942621
1996 The porcine obesity gene (OBS/LEP) ortholog was physically mapped to pig chromosome 18 by PCR of somatic cell hybrids, and partial cDNA sequence showed 86% identity to human and 84% identity to mouse LEP cDNA, confirming conservation of the gene across mammals. RT-PCR from pig white adipose tissue, sequencing, and somatic cell hybrid PCR mapping Animal genetics Medium 8856925
2013 FABP4 knockdown in bovine adipocytes significantly decreased LEP and ADIPOQ mRNA expression (without affecting preadipocyte differentiation genes), indicating that FABP4 positively regulates LEP expression in adipocytes as part of lipid metabolism regulation. Adenovirus-mediated shRNA knockdown of FABP4 in bovine adipocytes; RT-PCR quantification of LEP, ADIPOQ, and LEPR mRNA at 24 h and 72 h Genetics and molecular research : GMR Low 23315880

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Absence of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) ameliorates fatty livers but not obesity or insulin resistance in Lep(ob)/Lep(ob) mice. The Journal of biological chemistry 297 11923308
2000 Dopamine is required for hyperphagia in Lep(ob/ob) mice. Nature genetics 115 10802666
2011 DNA methylation of IGF2, GNASAS, INSIGF and LEP and being born small for gestational age. Epigenetics 102 20930547
2016 Neurological manifestations of autosomal dominant familial Alzheimer's disease: a comparison of the published literature with the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network observational study (DIAN-OBS). The Lancet. Neurology 100 27777020
2012 Fetal growth restriction: current knowledge to the general Obs/Gyn. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 87 22526452
2019 Bioaccumulation in the gut and liver causes gut barrier dysfunction and hepatic metabolism disorder in mice after exposure to low doses of OBS. Environment international 81 31146162
1998 Heterozygosity for Lep(ob) or Lep(rdb) affects body composition and leptin homeostasis in adult mice. The American journal of physiology 80 9575960
2020 Developmental toxicity of the novel PFOS alternative OBS in developing zebrafish: An emphasis on cilia disruption. Journal of hazardous materials 73 33223314
2005 The zebrafish mutants dre, uki, and lep encode negative regulators of the hedgehog signaling pathway. PLoS genetics 68 16121254
1999 The effect of leptin on Lep expression is tissue-specific and nutritionally regulated. Nature medicine 68 10426312
2009 Polymorphisms of the LEP- and LEPR gene and obesity in patients using antipsychotic medication. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology 60 19142102
2017 Next-generation sequencing of the monogenic obesity genes LEP, LEPR, MC4R, PCSK1 and POMC in a Norwegian cohort of patients with morbid obesity and normal weight controls. Molecular genetics and metabolism 53 28377240
2012 Hypomethylation of the LEP gene in placenta and elevated maternal leptin concentration in early onset pre-eclampsia. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 52 23274423
2004 Absence of hormone-sensitive lipase inhibits obesity and adipogenesis in Lep ob/ob mice. The Journal of biological chemistry 52 14752112
2007 LEPR p.Q223R, beta3-AR p.W64R and LEP c.-2548G>A gene variants in obese Brazilian subjects. Genetics and molecular research : GMR 50 18273796
2017 36 h fasting of young men influences adipose tissue DNA methylation of LEP and ADIPOQ in a birth weight-dependent manner. Clinical epigenetics 48 28439315
2003 Effect of rosiglitazone on the differential expression of obesity and insulin resistance associated proteins in lep/lep mice. Proteomics 46 12923776
2019 Duration of breastfeeding is associated with leptin (LEP) DNA methylation profiles and BMI in 10-year-old children. Clinical epigenetics 45 31464656
1998 Increase in plasma leptin and Lep mRNA concentrations by food intake is dependent on insulin. Metabolism: clinical and experimental 45 9591754
2021 Reduction in massive postpartum haemorrhage and red blood cell transfusion during a national quality improvement project, Obstetric Bleeding Strategy for Wales, OBS Cymru: an observational study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth 44 33992094
2023 Effects of PFOS, F-53B and OBS on locomotor behaviour, the dopaminergic system and mitochondrial function in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 43 36958660
2020 The emerging PFOS alternative OBS exposure induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and hepatic metabolism disorder in adult zebrafish. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP 43 31917275
2009 Common genetic variations in the LEP and LEPR genes, obesity and breast cancer incidence and survival. Breast cancer research and treatment 43 19697123
1986 lep operon proximal gene is not required for growth or secretion by Escherichia coli. Journal of bacteriology 42 3514582
2023 Insights into the circadian rhythm alterations of the novel PFOS substitutes F-53B and OBS on adult zebrafish. Journal of hazardous materials 37 36860044
2010 Association of LEP and ADIPOQ common variants with colorectal cancer in Mexican patients. Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers 37 21263187
2011 Polymorphisms in three obesity-related genes (LEP, LEPR, and PON1) and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 36 21887553
2019 The Makorin lep-2 and the lncRNA lep-5 regulate lin-28 to schedule sexual maturation of the C. elegans nervous system. eLife 35 31264582
2014 The expression of LEP, LEPR, IGF1 and IL10 in obesity and the relationship with microRNAs. PloS one 35 24690978
2013 Up-regulated expression and aberrant DNA methylation of LEP and SH3PXD2A in pre-eclampsia. PloS one 35 23544093
2010 Polymorphisms of the LEP- and LEPR genes, metabolic profile after prolonged clozapine administration and response to the antidiabetic metformin. Schizophrenia research 33 20591628
2020 Association analysis of polymorphisms in LEP (rs7799039 and rs2167270) and LEPR (rs1137101) gene towards the development of type 2 diabetes in North Indian Punjabi population. Gene 32 32512158
2013 Leptospiral outer membrane protein LipL41 is not essential for acute leptospirosis but requires a small chaperone protein, lep, for stable expression. Infection and immunity 32 23690405
2016 The p. N103K mutation of leptin (LEP) gene and severe early onset obesity in Pakistan. Biological research 30 27075752
2016 Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI downregulates neonatal cord blood LEP methylation. Pediatric obesity 30 27933755
2017 LEP rs7799039, LEPR rs1137101, and ADIPOQ rs2241766 and 1501299 Polymorphisms Are Associated With Obesity and Chemotherapy Response in Mexican Women With Breast Cancer. Clinical breast cancer 29 28416193
2016 Suppressing hyperinsulinemia prevents obesity but causes rapid onset of diabetes in leptin-deficient Lepob/ob mice. Molecular metabolism 28 27818936
2020 Comparison of toxicokinetics and toxic effects of PFOS and its novel alternative OBS in zebrafish larvae. Chemosphere 27 33279233
2002 Activation tagging of the two closely linked genes LEP and VAS independently affects vascular cell number. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 27 12472696
2021 Associations of MC4R, LEP, and LEPR Polymorphisms with Obesity-Related Parameters in Childhood and Adulthood. Genes 25 34205732
2014 The LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism is associated with age at menarche and breast cancer susceptibility. Gene 25 25510398
2021 MicroRNA miR-874-3p inhibits osteoporosis by targeting leptin (LEP). Bioengineered 24 34818977
2017 lep Expression and Its Role in Obesity and Type-2 Diabetes. Critical reviews in eukaryotic gene expression 24 28436331
2016 Makorin ortholog LEP-2 regulates LIN-28 stability to promote the juvenile-to-adult transition in Caenorhabditis elegans. Development (Cambridge, England) 24 26811380
2013 Association of LEP G2548A and LEPR Q223R polymorphisms with cancer susceptibility: evidence from a meta-analysis. PloS one 24 24146750
2011 Polymorphisms of INSIG2, MC4R, and LEP are associated with obesity- and metabolic-related traits in schizophrenic patients. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology 23 22020349
1996 Partial characterization of porcine obesity gene (OBS) and its localization to chromosome 18 by somatic cell hybrids. Animal genetics 23 8856925
2024 γ-Secretase activity, clinical features, and biomarkers of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease: cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network observational study (DIAN-OBS). The Lancet. Neurology 22 39074479
2016 Prevalence of mutations in LEP, LEPR, and MC4R genes in individuals with severe obesity. Genetics and molecular research : GMR 22 27706562
2013 Adenovirus-mediated interference of FABP4 regulates mRNA expression of ADIPOQ, LEP and LEPR in bovine adipocytes. Genetics and molecular research : GMR 22 23315880
2009 An integrated expression phenotype mapping approach defines common variants in LEP, ALOX15 and CAPNS1 associated with induction of IL-6. Human molecular genetics 22 19942621
2018 Associations between obesity candidate gene polymorphisms (fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR)) and dietary intake in pregnant women. The British journal of nutrition 21 29893663
2024 Impact of the Oral Administration of Polystyrene Microplastics on Hepatic Lipid, Glucose, and Amino Acid Metabolism in C57BL/6Korl and C57BL/6-Lepem1hwl/Korl Mice. International journal of molecular sciences 20 38732183
2019 The Long Non-Coding RNA lep-5 Promotes the Juvenile-to-Adult Transition by Destabilizing LIN-28. Developmental cell 20 30956008
2015 The Impact of LEP G-2548A and LEPR Gln223Arg Polymorphisms on Adiposity, Leptin, and Leptin-Receptor Serum Levels in a Mexican Mestizo Population. BioMed research international 20 26064921
2013 Investigation of associations between obesity and LEP G2548A and LEPR 668A/G polymorphisms in a Turkish population. Disease markers 20 24319309
2012 Carbenoxolone prevents the development of fatty liver in C57BL/6-Lep ob/ob mice via the inhibition of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c activity and apoptosis. European journal of pharmacology 20 22742899
2009 Assessment of DGAT1 and LEP gene polymorphisms in three Nelore (Bos indicus) lines selected for growth and their relationship with growth and carcass traits. Journal of animal science 20 19820053
2020 Designing and implementing an all Wales postpartum haemorrhage quality improvement project: OBS Cymru (the Obstetric Bleeding Strategy for Wales). BMJ open quality 19 32273281
2017 Investigation of TCF7L2, LEP and LEPR polymorphisms with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Oncotarget 19 29312594
2020 Study of LEP, MRAP2 and POMC genes as potential causes of severe obesity in Brazilian patients. Eating and weight disorders : EWD 17 32578125
2010 Association between LEP and LEPR gene polymorphisms and dyslipidemia in patients using atypical antipsychotic medication. Psychiatric genetics 17 20562674
2023 High placental expression of FLT1, LEP, PHYHIP and IL3RA - In persons of African ancestry with severe preeclampsia. Placenta 16 37949031
2008 The -2548G/A LEP polymorphism is associated with blood pressure in Tunisian obese patients. Blood pressure 16 18923972
2022 Toxicity, antifeedant and physiological effects of trans-anethole against Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lep: Arctiidae). Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 15 35772838
2014 DNA methylation of the LEP gene is associated with craving during alcohol withdrawal. Psychoneuroendocrinology 15 25462909
2011 The effect of ponderal index at birth on the relationships between common LEP and LEPR polymorphisms and adiposity in adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 15 21512510
2021 ADIPOQ and LEP variants on asthma and atopy: Genetic association modified by overweight. Gene 14 33631239
2018 Genetic polymorphisms of HTR2C, LEP and LEPR on metabolic syndromes in patients treated with atypical antipsychotic drugs. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 14 29441581
2008 Identification of a novel agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma that may contribute to the anti-diabetic activity of guggulipid in Lep(ob)/Lep(ob) mice. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 14 18926687
2022 Effects of Sex and Obesity on LEP Variant and Leptin Level Associations in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. International journal of molecular sciences 13 36293132
2021 Promoter Methylation of and before and after Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study. Obesity facts 13 33530087
2019 Prediction and Structural Comparison of Deleterious Coding Nonsynonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in Human LEP Gene Associated with Obesity. BioMed research international 13 31871931
2019 Associations of ADIPOQ and LEP Gene Variants with Energy Intake: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 12 30935050
2018 Glycaemic Index of Maternal Dietary Carbohydrate Differentially Alters Fto and Lep Expression in Offspring in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 12 30241328
2014 Arthrobacter pityocampae sp. nov., isolated from Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae). International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 12 25013228
2001 The LEP gene and age of menarche: maternal age as a potential cause of hidden stratification in association studies. Molecular genetics and metabolism 12 11461187
2022 Screening of non-syndromic early-onset child and adolescent obese patients in terms of LEP, LEPR, MC4R and POMC gene variants by next-generation sequencing. Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM 11 35801948
2022 Association of PRLR, IGF1, and LEP genes polymorphism with milk production and litter size in Egyptian Zaraibi goat. Tropical animal health and production 11 36155857
2015 Evaluation of CYP17A1 and LEP Gene Polymorphisms in Breast Cancer. Oncology research and treatment 11 26407154
2008 Structural analysis and haplotype diversity in swine LEP and MC4R genes. Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie 11 18363978
2002 Human leptin locus (LEP) alleles and BMI in Samoans. International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 11 12037648
2023 Adipogenic and osteogenic effects of OBS and synergistic action with PFOS via PPARγ-RXRα heterodimers. Environment international 10 38043320
2022 Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CAPN, CAST, LEP, GH, and IGF-1 genes with growth parameters and ultrasound characteristics of the Longissimus dorsi muscle in Colombian hair sheep. Tropical animal health and production 10 35088174
2022 -2548G>A LEP Polymorphism Is Positively Associated with Increased Leptin and Glucose Levels in Obese Saudi Patients Irrespective of Blood Pressure Status. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 10 35334523
2022 The Influence of FTO, FABP2, LEP, LEPR, and MC4R Genes on Obesity Parameters in Physically Active Caucasian Men. International journal of environmental research and public health 10 35627568
2021 Association of PON1, LEP and LEPR Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 10 34452542
2017 Korean Chungtaejeon tea extract attenuates body weight gain in C57BL/6J-Lep ob/ob mice and regulates adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Journal of integrative medicine 10 28088260
2016 Association of ADIPOQ, LEP, and FTO gene polymorphisms with large for gestational age infants. American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council 10 27392994
2014 Association of LEP A19G polymorphism with cancer risk: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 10 24845032
2013 Synergistic effect of LEP and LEPR gene polymorphism on body mass index in a Chinese population. Obesity research & clinical practice 10 24308887
2009 Efficient method for obtaining Lep(ob)/Lep(ob)-derived animal models using adipose tissue transplantations. International journal of obesity (2005) 10 19528967
2023 The novel polyfluoroalkyl benzenesulfonate OBS exposure induces cell cycle arrest and senescence of rat pituitary cell GH3 via the p53/p21/RB pathway. Toxicology 9 37059347
2019 Differential placental DNA methylation of VEGFA and LEP in small-for-gestational age fetuses with an abnormal cerebroplacental ratio. PloS one 9 31469872
2006 Microsatellite polymorphism of the human leptin gene (LEP) and risk of cardiovascular disease. International journal of obesity (2005) 9 16261186
2006 LEP 3'HVR is associated with obesity and leptin levels in Brazilian individuals. Molecular genetics and metabolism 9 16762576
2020 Methylation of the LEP gene promoter in blood at 12 months and BMI at 4 years of age-a population-based cohort study. International journal of obesity (2005) 8 32107462
2019 Circulating leptin concentration, LEP gene variants and haplotypes, and polycystic ovary syndrome in Bahraini and Tunisian Arab women. Gene 8 30721746
2019 Association between polymorphisms of LEP, LEPR, DRD2, HTR2A and HTR2C genes and risperidone- or clozapine-induced hyperglycemia. Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine 8 31496784
2015 Haplotypic diversity of porcine LEP and LEPR genes involved in growth and fatness regulation. Journal of applied genetics 8 25910874

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for LEP? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.