Affinage

KSR2

Kinase suppressor of Ras 2 · UniProt Q6VAB6

Round 2 corrected
Length
950 aa
Mass
107.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
51 papers in source corpus 16 papers cited in narrative 16 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

KSR2 (Kinase suppressor of Ras 2) is a molecular scaffold that organizes the RAF/MEK/ERK kinase cascade and simultaneously coordinates AMPK-dependent metabolic signaling, thereby coupling mitogenic signaling to cellular energy homeostasis (PMID:11882296, PMID:19883615, PMID:22801368). KSR2 selectively interacts with calcineurin, which dephosphorylates KSR2 in response to Ca²⁺ signals to regulate its subcellular localization, Ca²⁺-mediated ERK activation, and store-operated calcium entry (PMID:19560418, PMID:24672054). KSR2 stabilizes AMPKα1 by competing with the CRL4A E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor CRBN for the K52 binding site, preventing K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of AMPKα1, which maintains endothelial glycolytic balance and protects against atherosclerosis (PMID:41424849). Rare loss-of-function KSR2 mutations in humans cause impaired fatty acid and glucose oxidation, hyperphagia, reduced basal metabolic rate, and severe obesity with insulin resistance (PMID:24209692).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 9 steps
  1. 2002 High

    Whether KSR proteins are required for ERK cascade activation in vivo was resolved by showing that C. elegans ksr-2 and ksr-1 act redundantly to promote diphospho-ERK levels during development, establishing KSR as a bona fide scaffold for the Raf/MEK/ERK cascade.

    Evidence Genetic epistasis and double-mutant analysis with dpERK immunostaining in C. elegans

    PMID:11882296

    Open questions at the time
    • Vertebrate KSR2-specific scaffold function not yet demonstrated
    • No biochemical reconstitution of the scaffold complex
  2. 2009 High

    Three studies collectively revealed that KSR2 is not merely a MAPK scaffold but a signaling hub integrating AMPK-dependent metabolism, calcineurin-dependent Ca²⁺ signaling, and isoform-specific RAF engagement, distinguishing it functionally from KSR1.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP plus KSR2 KO mice with metabolic phenotyping (AMPK interaction); comparative MS-based proteomics with phosphosite mapping and siRNA rescue in two cell lines (calcineurin interaction); AP-MS interactome profiling ± TNF-α (A-RAF preference)

    PMID:19560418 PMID:19563921 PMID:19883615

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for selective calcineurin and AMPK binding unknown
    • A-RAF specificity from AP-MS not confirmed by orthogonal methods
    • Relative contributions of AMPK vs MAPK arms to in vivo obesity not dissected
  3. 2012 High

    The question of whether KSR2's MAPK and AMPK functions are separable was answered: constitutive AMPK activation rescued metabolic but not proliferative defects of KSR2 loss, and an ERK-interaction-defective mutant failed to support anchorage-independent growth, establishing dual independent effector arms.

    Evidence RNAi knockdown with constitutively active AMPK rescue and ERK-binding-defective KSR2 mutant in tumor cell colony formation assays

    PMID:22801368

    Open questions at the time
    • ERK-interaction domain structure and precise binding interface unresolved
    • Whether AMPK and ERK scaffolding occur on the same KSR2 molecule simultaneously is unknown
  4. 2013 High

    Translating mouse findings to humans, rare KSR2 mutations in severely obese individuals were shown to disrupt RAF-MEK-ERK signaling and impair fatty acid/glucose oxidation, with metabolic defects ameliorable by metformin, establishing KSR2 as a human obesity and insulin resistance gene.

    Evidence Sequencing of 2,101 obese vs 1,536 control individuals; functional validation of mutant constructs for ERK signaling and metabolic assays; metformin rescue

    PMID:24209692

    Open questions at the time
    • Penetrance and expressivity of individual KSR2 variants in larger populations unknown
    • Mechanism by which metformin bypasses KSR2-dependent AMPK signaling defects not molecularly defined
  5. 2014 Medium

    KSR2's Ca²⁺-regulatory role was extended by demonstrating that KSR2 is required for store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), with KSR2-associated calcineurin activity needed for STIM1/ORAI1 puncta formation and cytoskeletal organization.

    Evidence KSR2 KO mouse lymphocytes and fibroblasts; Ca²⁺ imaging; STIM1/ORAI1 co-localization; calcineurin inhibitor experiments

    PMID:24672054

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct physical link between KSR2-calcineurin and STIM1/ORAI1 machinery not reconstituted
    • Physiological consequences of impaired SOCE in KSR2 KO animals not explored
  6. 2016 Medium

    Tissue-specific conditional KO revealed that brain-expressed KSR2 is sufficient to drive the obesity and glucose intolerance phenotype, while peripheral KSR2 independently modulates leptin and AMPK activator sensitivity, demonstrating organ-specific KSR2 functions.

    Evidence Nestin-Cre conditional KO mice with metabolic phenotyping; comparison to global KSR2 KO; separate study showed cell non-autonomous regulation of hepatic GH-JAK2-STAT5 signaling in KSR2 KO mice

    PMID:27561547 PMID:28180061

    Open questions at the time
    • Brain cell types and circuits mediating KSR2-dependent energy balance unidentified
    • Molecular basis of cell non-autonomous hepatic GH signaling defect unresolved
  7. 2022 Medium

    KSR2's roles were extended to lineage commitment and drug resistance: osteoblast-specific KSR2 deletion increased bone formation at the expense of marrow adiposity, while KSR2–14-3-3ζ complex formation hyperactivated MAPK signaling and conferred sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.

    Evidence Osteoblast-specific conditional KO with micro-CT and histomorphometry; Co-IP of KSR2–14-3-3ζ with co-overexpression/knockdown and xenograft drug resistance models

    PMID:35468812 PMID:36342465

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream KSR2 effectors governing osteoblast-adipocyte fate decision not identified
    • 14-3-3ζ binding site on KSR2 and stoichiometry not mapped
  8. 2025 Medium

    KSR2's ERK-interaction domain was shown to be specifically required for tumor-initiating self-renewal in ASCL1-subtype small cell lung cancer, establishing a cancer context where the ERK-scaffolding arm—not the AMPK arm—drives clonogenicity.

    Evidence KSR2 KO/knockdown in SCLC-A lines; ERK-interaction-defective mutant rescue; colony formation and in vivo xenograft tumor initiation

    PMID:40063515

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific ERK substrates mediating self-renewal downstream of KSR2 not identified
    • Whether AMPK arm also contributes to SCLC maintenance in vivo not tested
  9. 2026 High

    The molecular mechanism by which KSR2 stabilizes AMPK was resolved: KSR2 competes with CRBN for binding at K52 of AMPKα1, blocking CRL4A-mediated K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby sustaining endothelial AMPK signaling and protecting against atherosclerosis.

    Evidence Co-IP and competitive binding assays; ubiquitination site mapping; endothelial-specific AAV9 overexpression; KSR2 KO and KSR2/Apoe double KO atherosclerosis models; SNP regulatory dissection by CRISPR/ChIP/EMSA

    PMID:41424849

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether KSR2-CRBN competition applies beyond endothelial cells is untested
    • Structural basis for KSR2-AMPKα1 K52 interface not determined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the structural basis for KSR2's selective engagement of calcineurin, AMPK, and RAF isoforms; the identity of neuronal circuits through which brain KSR2 controls energy balance; and whether KSR2's scaffolding of MAPK and AMPK signaling occurs within a single complex or through distinct populations of KSR2 molecules.
  • No high-resolution structure of KSR2 in complex with any partner
  • Brain KSR2-expressing cell types and downstream neuropeptide targets unknown
  • Simultaneous vs sequential engagement of AMPK and ERK on KSR2 not resolved

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 4 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 7 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4
Partners
ARAFBRAFCRBNMAP2K1MAPK1PPP3CAPRKAA1YWHAZ
Complex memberships
KSR2-AMPK complexKSR2-calcineurin complexRAF/MEK/ERK scaffold complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 16 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2002 C. elegans ksr-2 is required for Ras-mediated signaling during germline meiotic progression and functions redundantly with ksr-1 during excretory system, vulva, and spicule development; ksr-2; ksr-1 double mutants show severely reduced or absent diphosphorylated MPK-1 ERK, establishing KSR as a scaffold that promotes activation/maintenance of the Raf/MEK/ERK kinase cascade. Genetic epistasis in C. elegans; double-mutant analysis; immunostaining for diphospho-ERK (MPK-1) Current biology : CB High 11882296
2009 KSR2 functions as a molecular scaffold for the RAF-MEK-ERK kinase module and interacts with and modulates the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). KSR2 regulates AMPK-dependent glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and glycolysis in neuronal cells. Disruption of KSR2 in vivo impairs AMPK-regulated fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis, causing obesity and profound insulin resistance despite hypophagia. Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation; KSR2 knockout mice; hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp; metabolic cage studies; AMPK activity assays in MEFs Cell metabolism High 19883615
2009 KSR2 selectively interacts with the protein phosphatase calcineurin (not KSR1), which dephosphorylates KSR2 on specific sites in response to Ca2+ signals, thereby regulating KSR2 subcellular localization and scaffolding activity. KSR2 uniquely contributes to Ca2+-mediated ERK signaling; depletion of KSR2 impairs Ca2+-induced ERK activation in INS1 pancreatic beta-cells and NG108 neuroblastoma cells, identifying KSR2 as a Ca2+-regulated ERK scaffold. Comparative proteomics (mass spectrometry) of KSR1 vs KSR2 binding partners; co-immunoprecipitation; phospho-site mapping; KSR2 depletion (siRNA) with ERK activation assays; subcellular localization imaging Molecular cell High 19560418
2009 Proteomic characterization of the KSR2 interactome revealed ~100 associated proteins; under TNF-α stimulation ~43 additional proteins are recruited. KSR2 preferentially associates with A-RAF (rather than c-RAF as does KSR1), suggesting isoform-specific RAF engagement. KSR2 complexes also include components of p38 MAPK, PI3K, and insulin signaling pathways. AP-MS proteomics of KSR2 complex in HEK-293 cells ± TNF-α stimulation Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 19563921
2012 KSR2 promotes ERK cascade activation and can induce anchorage-independent growth synergistically with Ras(V12). In tumor cell lines, KSR2 RNAi impairs AMPK signaling, nutrient metabolism, and metabolic capacity. Constitutive AMPK activation rescues the metabolic but not the ERK-dependent proliferative phenotype, demonstrating that KSR2 integrates distinct MAPK and AMPK signaling outputs for tumor cell energy homeostasis. RNAi knockdown; constitutively active AMPK rescue; KSR2 mutant unable to interact with ERK; colony formation and anchorage-independent growth assays; MEK inhibitor experiments Molecular and cellular biology High 22801368
2013 Rare human KSR2 mutations disrupt signaling through the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway and impair cellular fatty acid oxidation and glucose oxidation in transfected cells; these metabolic defects can be ameliorated by metformin. Mutation carriers exhibit hyperphagia, low heart rate, reduced basal metabolic rate, and severe insulin resistance, establishing KSR2 as a regulator of energy intake, expenditure, and substrate utilization in humans. Sequencing of 2,101 obese individuals vs 1,536 controls; functional assays of KSR2 mutant constructs in transfected cells (ERK signaling, fatty acid oxidation, glucose oxidation); metformin rescue experiments Cell High 24209692
2014 KSR2 is required for store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). In ksr2−/− lymphocytes and fibroblasts, KSR2 deficiency impairs optimal Ca2+ entry without affecting Ca2+ store depletion, and disrupts STIM1/ORAI1 puncta formation correlated with cytoskeleton disorganization. KSR2-associated calcineurin activity is required for SOCE, STIM1/ORAI1 puncta formation, and cytoskeletal organization in a KSR2-dependent manner. ksr2−/− mouse cells; shKSR2 depletion; Ca2+ imaging; STIM1/ORAI1 co-localization and puncta assays; calcineurin inhibitor experiments Molecular biology of the cell Medium 24672054
2016 KSR2 expression specifically in the brain (demonstrated using Nestin-Cre conditional KO) is sufficient to recapitulate the obesity and glucose intolerance of global KSR2 KO, with KSR2 in the brain regulating energy balance via feeding behavior and adaptive thermogenesis. A second KSR2-dependent mechanism in peripheral tissues (not brain) modulates sensitivity to leptin and AICAR (AMPK activator). Tissue-specific (Nestin-Cre) conditional KO mice; body composition; glucose/AICAR/leptin tolerance tests; comparison with global KSR2−/− mice Molecular metabolism Medium 28180061
2016 KSR2 disruption selectively impairs hepatic GH-stimulated JAK2 and STAT5 phosphorylation in vivo, leading to reduced IGF-1 and IGFBP3 expression and postnatal growth deficits (reduced body mass, shortened length, reduced bone mineral density). This effect is cell non-autonomous: primary hepatocytes from ksr2−/− mice show normal GH-stimulated STAT5 phosphorylation, suggesting KSR2 acts via an indirect mechanism to regulate GH signaling in the liver. ksr2−/− mice; GH injection with phospho-JAK2/STAT5 measurement; primary hepatocyte isolation; adenoviral IGF-1 rescue; fgf21−/−ksr2−/− double KO Scientific reports Medium 27561547
2020 SF3B1 promotes KSR2 pre-mRNA maturation; loss of SF3B1 reduces KSR2 expression through impaired KSR2 pre-mRNA processing, and restoration of KSR2 expression partially rescues cell growth deficits caused by SF3B1 knockdown in endometrial cancer cells. SF3B1 siRNA knockdown; RNA-seq with alternative splicing analysis; KSR2 rescue experiments; endometrial cancer cell proliferation/invasion assays Cell death & disease Medium 33040078
2021 miR-3138 directly targets KSR2 mRNA (confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay); overexpression of miR-3138 suppresses KSR2 protein levels, leading to reduced AMPK activation and decreased GLUT4 expression, thereby impairing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in HUVECs. Dual-luciferase reporter assay; miR-3138 overexpression; Western blot for KSR2, AMPK, GLUT4; glucose consumption assay in insulin-resistant HUVEC model Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) Medium 33509040
2022 KSR2 forms a complex with 14-3-3ζ (identified by co-immunoprecipitation); elevated 14-3-3ζ increases KSR2 protein levels. Co-overexpression of both KSR2 and 14-3-3ζ, but not either alone, causes hyperactivated MAPK signaling and confers resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Co-immunoprecipitation; co-overexpression and knockdown experiments; flow cytometry (apoptosis/drug resistance); xenograft tumor models Biomarker research Medium 35468812
2022 In bone marrow, KSR2 negatively regulates femoral bone mass by promoting adipocyte differentiation at the expense of osteoblasts. Osteoblast-specific conditional deletion of KSR2 is sufficient to increase bone formation autonomously, demonstrating a cell-intrinsic role for KSR2 in osteoblast vs adipocyte lineage commitment independent of its systemic metabolic effects. Global Ksr2 null mice; pair-feeding experiments; osteoblast-specific conditional KO; micro-CT; bone histomorphometry; adipocyte differentiation assays eLife Medium 36342465
2025 KSR2 promotes self-renewal and clonogenicity of ASCL1-subtype small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC-A) cells; disruption of KSR2 inhibits colony-forming ability in vitro and tumor-initiating capacity in vivo. The effect on self-renewal and clonogenicity is dependent specifically on the interaction of KSR2 with ERK, as shown by ERK-interaction-defective KSR2 mutants. KSR2 knockdown/knockout in SCLC-A cell lines; ERK-interaction-defective KSR2 mutant rescue; colony formation assay; in vivo tumor-initiation xenograft assay Molecular cancer research : MCR Medium 40063515
2026 Endothelial KSR2 protects against atherosclerosis by competing with CRBN for binding to the K52 site of AMPKα1, thereby blocking CRL4A E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of AMPKα1. This stabilizes AMPK signaling, maintaining glycolytic balance and exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in endothelial cells. Co-IP; CRISPR/Cas9 KSR2-SNP editing; endothelial-specific KSR2 overexpression (AAV9); global KSR2 KO and KSR2/Apoe double KO atherosclerosis models; ubiquitination assays; ChIP/EMSA for SNP regulatory mechanism Theranostics High 41424849
2026 KSR2 drives resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in lung cancer by functioning as a metabolic checkpoint: KSR2 enhances glucose uptake, potentiates the Warburg effect, promotes lactate accumulation, and disrupts the TCA cycle, creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with reduced CD8+ T cell infiltration and function and enrichment of regulatory T cells. Transcriptomic analysis of anti-PD-1-resistant mouse model; in vivo KSR2 overexpression and knockdown; glucose uptake assays; metabolic flux analysis; immune cell profiling by flow cytometry Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII Medium 42012646

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 51 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2014 Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci. Nature 5878 25056061
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2009 Defining the human deubiquitinating enzyme interaction landscape. Cell 1282 19615732
2005 The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. Nature 816 15772651
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
2007 Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry. Molecular systems biology 733 17353931
2008 Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 607 19056867
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2005 Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. Genome research 409 16344560
1996 Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. Genome research 401 8889548
2006 Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 Interactome: evidence for the close connectivity of risk genes and a potential synaptic basis for schizophrenia. Molecular psychiatry 345 17043677
2020 Systems analysis of RhoGEF and RhoGAP regulatory proteins reveals spatially organized RAC1 signalling from integrin adhesions. Nature cell biology 194 32203420
1998 Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes 190 10048485
2013 KSR2 mutations are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired cellular fuel oxidation. Cell 141 24209692
2009 KSR2 is an essential regulator of AMP kinase, energy expenditure, and insulin sensitivity. Cell metabolism 120 19883615
2007 Toward a confocal subcellular atlas of the human proteome. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 114 18029348
2018 Histone Interaction Landscapes Visualized by Crosslinking Mass Spectrometry in Intact Cell Nuclei. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 101 30021884
2009 KSR2 is a calcineurin substrate that promotes ERK cascade activation in response to calcium signals. Molecular cell 101 19560418
2002 C. elegans ksr-1 and ksr-2 have both unique and redundant functions and are required for MPK-1 ERK phosphorylation. Current biology : CB 90 11882296
1995 [IMAGE: molecular integration of the analysis of the human genome and its expression]. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences. Serie III, Sciences de la vie 70 7757816
1999 MAGUIN, a novel neuronal membrane-associated guanylate kinase-interacting protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 66 10207009
2022 Proteome-scale mapping of binding sites in the unstructured regions of the human proteome. Molecular systems biology 61 35044719
2002 Densin-180, a synaptic protein, links to PSD-95 through its direct interaction with MAGUIN-1. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 60 12390249
2004 Sequence comparison of human and mouse genes reveals a homologous block structure in the promoter regions. Genome research 57 15342556
2014 The CNK2 scaffold interacts with vilse and modulates Rac cycling during spine morphogenesis in hippocampal neurons. Current biology : CB 55 24656827
2006 Uncovering quantitative protein interaction networks for mouse PDZ domains using protein microarrays. Journal of the American Chemical Society 54 16637659
2020 Splicing factor SF3B1 promotes endometrial cancer progression via regulating KSR2 RNA maturation. Cell death & disease 53 33040078
2012 Kinase suppressor of Ras 2 (KSR2) regulates tumor cell transformation via AMPK. Molecular and cellular biology 53 22801368
2003 Human homologue of Drosophila CNK interacts with Ras effector proteins Raf and Rlf. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 50 14597674
2013 The kinases LF4 and CNK2 control ciliary length by feedback regulation of assembly and disassembly rates. Current biology : CB 48 24184104
2011 Loss-of-Function CNKSR2 Mutation Is a Likely Cause of Non-Syndromic X-Linked Intellectual Disability. Molecular syndromology 48 22511892
2004 CNK2 couples NGF signal propagation to multiple regulatory cascades driving cell differentiation. Current biology : CB 48 15028221
2022 NUDT21 limits CD19 levels through alternative mRNA polyadenylation in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nature immunology 46 36138187
2014 Absent CNKSR2 causes seizures and intellectual, attention, and language deficits. Annals of neurology 46 25223753
2009 Genome-wide association study of biochemical traits in Korcula Island, Croatia. Croatian medical journal 42 19260141
2008 CNK and HYP form a discrete dimer by their SAM domains to mediate RAF kinase signaling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 41 18287031
2009 Proteomic characterization of the dynamic KSR-2 interactome, a signaling scaffold complex in MAPK pathway. Biochimica et biophysica acta 32 19563921
2016 Kinase Suppressor of Ras 2 (KSR2) expression in the brain regulates energy balance and glucose homeostasis. Molecular metabolism 16 28180061
2014 The KSR2-calcineurin complex regulates STIM1-ORAI1 dynamics and store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). Molecular biology of the cell 15 24672054
2021 MiR-3138 deteriorates the insulin resistance of HUVECs via KSR2/AMPK/GLUT4 signaling pathway. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 11 33509040
2016 Cell non-autonomous regulation of hepatic IGF-1 and neonatal growth by Kinase Suppressor of Ras 2 (KSR2). Scientific reports 10 27561547
2022 Contrasting effects of Ksr2, an obesity gene, on trabecular bone volume and bone marrow adiposity. eLife 7 36342465
2017 The KSR2-rs7973260 Polymorphism is Associated with Metabolic Phenotypes, but Not Psychological Phenotypes, in Chinese Elders. Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers 5 28537769
2022 KSR2-14-3-3ζ complex serves as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target in sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomarker research 4 35468812
2024 Identification of KSR2 Variants in Pediatric Patients with Severe Early-Onset Obesity from Qatar. Genes 2 39202327
2024 The bta-miR-22-3p can alleviate LPS-induced inflammatory response in yak endometrial epithelial cells by targeting KSR2. Microbial pathogenesis 2 39510361
2025 KSR2 Promotes Self-Renewal and Clonogenicity of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Molecular cancer research : MCR 1 40063515
2019 Expression analysis of LTR-derived miR-1269a and target gene, KSR2 in Sebastes schlegelii. Genes & genomics 1 31721105
2026 Endothelial KSR2 regulated by genetic variation protects against atherosclerosis through AMPKα1 stabilization. Theranostics 0 41424849
2026 KSR2 functions as a metabolic checkpoint for anti-PD-1 resistance by reprogramming glucose metabolism. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 0 42012646
2025 Obese-diabetic female Ksr2 knockout mice develop brittle bones near end of life. JBMR plus 0 40303835