| 2013 |
KIAA1199 (CEMIP) is a hyaluronan-binding protein that mediates hyaluronan depolymerization independently of CD44 and HYAL enzymes. Specific HA binding was demonstrated in glycosaminoglycan-binding assays; knockdown abolished HA degradation by skin fibroblasts; transfection of KIAA1199 cDNA conferred HA catabolism via an endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase-dependent mechanism through the clathrin-coated pit pathway. |
Glycosaminoglycan-binding assay, siRNA knockdown, cDNA transfection, clathrin pathway inhibition |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
23509262
|
| 2013 |
KIAA1199 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum where it forms a stable complex with the chaperone BiP. An ER-retention motif within KIAA1199 is required for ER localization, BiP interaction, and enhanced cell migration. KIAA1199 mediates ER calcium leakage, and the resultant increase in cytosolic calcium activates protein kinase C alpha (PKCα), promoting cell migration. |
SNAP-tag pull-down assay, confocal microscopy, FRET-based calcium measurement, spectrofluorometry, Western blotting, mutagenesis of ER-retention motif, siRNA knockdown, in vivo xenograft |
Journal of the National Cancer Institute |
High |
23990668
|
| 2013 |
The N-terminal 30 amino acids of KIAA1199 function as a cleavable signal sequence required for proper intracellular trafficking and KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization. Deletion of the N-terminal portion results in altered intracellular trafficking and loss of HA depolymerization activity. |
N-terminal deletion constructs, intracellular trafficking assays, HA depolymerization assay |
FEBS letters |
Medium |
24269685
|
| 2013 |
KIAA1199 is secreted into the extracellular environment by colon cancer cells. It is found in the perinuclear ER and at the cell membrane. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed interaction with the cell membrane receptor ephrin A2 and with the ER receptor ITPR3 (a key Ca2+ signaling component), linking KIAA1199 to Ca2+ and Wnt/CTNNB1 signaling. |
Immunostaining, mass spectrometry proteomics, co-immunoprecipitation, transcriptomics |
PloS one |
Medium |
23936024
|
| 2013 |
Murine Kiaa1199 (mKiaa1199) binds hyaluronan specifically and mediates HA depolymerization via the clathrin-coated pit pathway, consistent with the human ortholog, though slight differences exist in minimum HA degradate sizes. |
cDNA transfection in cells, glycosaminoglycan-binding assay, HA catabolism assay, clathrin pathway inhibition |
FEBS open bio |
Medium |
24251095
|
| 2014 |
KIAA1199 is a BCL-3- and p65-dependent NF-κB target gene. It binds Plexin A2 and protects cells from Semaphorin 3A-mediated cell death by promoting EGFR stability and signaling. KIAA1199 is an EGFR-binding protein and its deficiency impairs EGF-dependent Src, MEK1, and ERK1/2 phosphorylations, thereby promoting EGF-mediated EMT. |
ChIP, co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, siRNA knockdown, overexpression, cell death assays |
Nature communications |
High |
25366117
|
| 2014 |
KIAA1199 interacts with glycogen phosphorylase kinase β-subunit (PHKB) via its C-terminal region, as demonstrated by pull-down assay. Under serum-free conditions, KIAA1199 also interacts with glycogen phosphorylase brain form (PYGB). These interactions promote glycogen breakdown and cancer cell survival. |
MBP fusion protein pull-down assay, retroviral overexpression, glycogen breakdown assays, cell survival assays |
Oncotarget |
Medium |
25051373
|
| 2015 |
HIF-2α (but not HIF-1α) directly binds to the hypoxia response element within the CEMIP promoter, driving CEMIP transcription under hypoxic conditions. CEMIP is a downstream effector of HIF-2α-mediated cell migration. CEMIP expression negatively correlates with histone demethylase Jarid1A; low oxygen inhibits Jarid1A, increasing H3K4me3 at the CEMIP promoter. |
ChIP, promoter binding assay, siRNA knockdown of HIF-1α vs HIF-2α, H3K4me3 chromatin analysis, cell migration assay |
Oncotarget |
High |
26009875
|
| 2015 |
TGF-β1, bFGF, EGF, and PDGF-BB commonly enhance total HA in skin fibroblasts through HAS up-regulation, but molecular size of newly produced HA depends on HYBID/KIAA1199 expression. TGF-β1 suppresses HYBID expression via PI3K-Akt signaling and stimulates HAS1/2 via MAPK/Smad, resulting in high molecular weight HA. In arthritic synovial fibroblasts, inefficient TGF-β1-mediated suppression of HYBID leads to accumulation of low-MW HA. |
siRNA knockdown, signaling pathway inhibitors (PI3K, MAPK, Smad), HA size-exclusion chromatography, gene expression analysis, human tissue correlation |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
26518873
|
| 2016 |
Crohn's Disease fibroblasts overproduce KIAA1199 primarily through an IL-6-driven autocrine mechanism. IL-6 stimulation increases KIAA1199 deposition in the ECM. siRNA silencing of KIAA1199 abrogated HA degradation by colon fibroblasts. Antibody blockade of IL-6 receptors decreased KIAA1199 protein in the ECM. |
siRNA knockdown, IL-6 receptor antibody blockade, HA degradation biochemical assay, immunoblot, immunostaining of clinical specimens |
Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology |
High |
27981209
|
| 2017 |
KIAA1199 expression in cancer cells is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and suppressed by the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398. Forced expression of KIAA1199 increases low-molecular-weight HA in conditioned medium. siRNA knockdown decreases cell migration and proliferation in pancreatic cancer. |
siRNA knockdown, gene transduction (overexpression), IL-1β stimulation, NS-398 treatment, HA molecular weight analysis of conditioned medium |
Oncotarget |
Medium |
28179576
|
| 2017 |
KIAA1199 interacts with WBP11 (WW domain binding protein 11) and PTP4A3 (protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 3). This binding activates FGFR4/Wnt/β-catenin and EGFR signaling pathways to regulate E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression. Ectopic expression of WBP11 or PTP4A3 blocked KIAA1199-stimulated cell proliferation and migration. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression/knockdown, Western blotting, in vitro and in vivo functional assays |
Oncogene |
Medium |
30626935
|
| 2017 |
KIAA1199 promotes Nrg1-dependent MEK1 and ERK1/2 activation in Schwann cells. In the absence of KIAA1199, SC dedifferentiation is impaired: cJun and negative regulators of myelination are decreased while Krox20 is elevated, driving a pro-myelinating phenotype. KIAA1199-deficient SCs show lower myelin clearance and increased myelination capacity. |
RNA interference, conditional Cre-lox knockout mice (tamoxifen-inducible), Nrg1 stimulation, Western blotting for MEK/ERK pathway components, myelination assays |
Glia |
High |
28699206
|
| 2018 |
CEMIP localizes to endosomes where it acts as a scaffold protein binding MEK1, sustaining ERK1/2 activation in BRAF-mutated MEK1-inhibitor-resistant colorectal cancers. CEMIP expression is induced by β-catenin- and FRA-1-dependent Wnt pathway activation. CEMIP-dependent ERK1/2 signaling maintains c-Myc protein levels, providing metabolic advantage to resistant cells. |
siRNA knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation (CEMIP–MEK1 interaction), endosomal fractionation, Western blotting, intestinal organoids, in vivo mouse models |
Cancer research |
High |
29915160
|
| 2018 |
The AMPK/GSK3β/β-catenin cascade drives CEMIP overexpression in anoikis-resistant prostate cancer cells. CEMIP promotes migration, invasion, and metabolic reprogramming via PDK4 upregulation, increasing pyruvate and lactate production. CRISPR knockout of CEMIP reversed these effects and reduced MMP2, VEGF, PDK4, and lactate dehydrogenase A expression. |
CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, Western blotting, metabolic assays (pyruvate, lactate, ATP), genome microarray, migration/invasion assays |
FASEB journal |
Medium |
29505302
|
| 2018 |
KIAA1199 interacts with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) through its C-terminal domain and increases PP2A phosphatase activity. Downstream, stathmin (a microtubule-destabilizing protein) is dephosphorylated, leading to microtubule destabilization and enhanced cell motility. Paclitaxel (microtubule-stabilizing drug) prevents KIAA1199-induced microtubule destabilization. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (KIAA1199-PP2A), phosphatase activity assays, stathmin phosphorylation Western blotting, microtubule polymerization assays, paclitaxel rescue, in vivo orthotopic model |
Oncogene |
High |
30202098
|
| 2018 |
HYBID/KIAA1199 is indispensable for HA depolymerization in skin fibroblasts; TMEM2 knockdown unexpectedly enhanced HA depolymerization rather than reducing it, demonstrating that TMEM2 is not involved as a catalytic hyaluronidase in HYBID-mediated HA depolymerization. TGF-β1 coordinately suppresses HYBID expression and upregulates TMEM2 expression. |
siRNA knockdown of HYBID and TMEM2 separately, HA depolymerization assay, TGF-β1 and growth factor treatment, multiple cell lines |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
Medium |
30241936
|
| 2018 |
CEMIP upregulates BiP transcript and protein levels by mediating activation of the BiP promoter in breast cancer cells. CEMIP overexpression confers protective adaptations to hypoxia (decreased apoptosis, activated autophagy, increased glucose uptake). BiP signals downstream of CEMIP to modulate cellular resistance to hypoxia; reducing BiP in CEMIP-expressing cells sensitized cells to hypoxia and caused tumor regression in vivo. |
BiP promoter reporter assay, siRNA knockdown, overexpression, hypoxia treatment, apoptosis/autophagy assays, glucose uptake assay, in vivo xenograft |
Oncotarget |
Medium |
31303964
|
| 2019 |
CEMIP protein is elevated in exosomes from brain metastatic cancer cells. Uptake of CEMIP+ exosomes by brain endothelial and microglial cells induces endothelial cell branching and inflammation in the perivascular niche, upregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (Ptgs2, Tnf, Ccl/Cxcl) that promote brain vascular remodeling. CEMIP depletion in tumor cells impaired brain metastasis and tumor-vasculature association, phenotypes rescued by pre-conditioning the brain with CEMIP+ exosomes. |
Proteomic analysis of exosomes, CEMIP depletion (genetic), exosome uptake experiments, brain endothelial/microglial co-culture, cytokine profiling, in vivo brain metastasis model with exosome pre-conditioning |
Nature cell biology |
High |
31685984
|
| 2019 |
CEMIP promotes fibrosis-like transdifferentiation of OA chondrocytes into 'chondro-myo-fibroblasts' expressing α-SMA and type III collagen. CEMIP regulates β-catenin protein level, is required for chondrocyte proliferation, and promotes TGFβ signaling via the p-Smad2/3 (Alk5/PAI-1) pathway. CEMIP expression is induced by the pSmad1/5 (Alk1) pathway. |
siRNA knockdown, high-throughput RNA sequencing, Western blotting, in vitro chondrocyte dedifferentiation model, human and mouse OA tissue analysis, in situ co-localization |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
30718510
|
| 2019 |
KIAA1199 promotes osteoblastic stem cell (hMSC) migration. KIAA1199-deficient hMSCs show changes in cell morphology, reduced F-actin polymerization, and altered phosphorylation of cofilin1 (CFL1) and LIM-domain kinase 1 (LIMK1). KIAA1199 activates P38 kinase and its associated changes in Wnt signaling; impaired Wnt/TCF reporter activity in KIAA1199-deficient hMSCs was rescued by KIAA1199 treatment. |
shRNA knockdown, scratch assay, trans-well migration, F-actin staining, Western blotting (pCFL1, pLIMK1, DSTN), TCF-reporter assay, P38 kinase assay, rescue with recombinant KIAA1199 |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
30755597
|
| 2020 |
Cemip is the major inducible gene responsible for hyaluronan catabolism in mouse dermis upon S. aureus infection. Cemip-/- mice failed to digest hyaluronan and had significantly less infection after intradermal S. aureus challenge. Stabilization of large-MW HA in Cemip-/- mice enabled increased cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (Camp) expression, partly through enhanced differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes. Cemip-/- mice also showed greater IL-6 expression and neutrophil infiltration. |
Cemip knockout mice (genetic), intradermal S. aureus challenge, HA molecular weight analysis, Camp/antimicrobial peptide expression, histology (Pref1, PPARγ, Adipoq markers), IL-6 and neutrophil quantification |
Cell reports |
High |
31914398
|
| 2020 |
HYBID/KIAA1199 knockout mice show decreased dendritic spine density in the dentate gyrus granule cells, accompanied by HA accumulation and decreased doublecortin-positive immature neurons in the dentate gyrus, suggesting HYBID-mediated HA degradation is critical for synaptic formation and cognitive function. |
Hybid knockout mice, Golgi-Cox staining (dendritic spine density), HA staining, doublecortin immunostaining |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
Medium |
30060951
|
| 2020 |
Histamine increases HA degradation in skin fibroblasts by up-regulating HYBID/KIAA1199 and down-regulating HAS2. The histamine H1 receptor mediates these effects. HYBID up-regulation requires protein kinase Cδ signaling, while HAS2 suppression requires PI3K-Akt signaling downstream of H1 receptor. |
Histamine H1 agonist/antagonist, PKCδ inhibitor, PI3K-Akt inhibitor, HA molecular weight analysis, HYBID/HAS2 expression analysis, immunohistochemistry in human skin biopsies |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
31949043
|
| 2021 |
Secreted KIAA1199 mediates extracellular HA degradation by attaching to the cell membrane of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes via its G8 domain binding to ANXA1. In vivo, KIAA1199 knockout mice showed greater resistance to collagen-induced arthritis, partially reversed by intra-articular injection of full-length but not G8-deleted KIAA1199. NF-κB activation by IL-6 through PI3K/Akt signaling is the main pathway inducing KIAA1199 expression in RA FLS. |
Anti-KIAA1199 mAb treatment, KIAA1199 KO mice, collagen-induced arthritis model, intra-articular gene injection (WT vs G8-deleted mutant), cell membrane binding assay, HA degradation assay, NF-κB/PI3K/Akt inhibitor analysis |
Cell death & disease |
High |
33473125
|
| 2021 |
CEMIP acts as a novel adaptor protein for O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). CEMIP interacts with OGT and β-catenin, leading to elevated O-GlcNAcylation of β-catenin and enhanced β-catenin nuclear translocation. Nuclear β-catenin then enhances CEMIP transcription in a reciprocal positive feedback loop and upregulates glutaminase 1, SLC1A5, and SLC38A2 (glutamine transporters) to promote glutamine metabolic reprogramming and CRC metastasis. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (CEMIP-OGT-β-catenin complex), O-GlcNAcylation assay, β-catenin nuclear fractionation, transcriptional reporter, in vivo CRC metastasis model with combinational inhibition |
Oncogene |
High |
34608265
|
| 2022 |
ATF4 triggers CEMIP transcription during ECM detachment, and elevated CEMIP promotes PKCα membrane translocation, leading to serine-70 phosphorylation of Bcl-2. This phosphorylation dissociates the Bcl-2/Beclin1 complex, inducing protective autophagy and anoikis resistance in prostate cancer cells. |
siRNA knockdown, Western blotting (pBcl-2 Ser70, Beclin1 complex), PKCα translocation assay, autophagy flux assay, ATF4 ChIP/promoter analysis, in vivo metastasis model |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
35013120
|
| 2022 |
CEMIP promotes ferroptosis resistance during ECM detachment by promoting cystine uptake. Mechanistically, CEMIP interacts with ITPR3 to modulate ER calcium leakage, activating CaMKII, which phosphorylates NRF2 and promotes its nuclear localization, leading to elevated SLC7A11 transcription (a cystine/glutamate antiporter). Silencing CEMIP abolishes cystine uptake promotion and ferroptosis resistance. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (CEMIP-ITPR3), CaMKII activity assay, NRF2 nuclear fractionation, SLC7A11 expression analysis, cystine uptake assay, ferroptosis assays, siRNA knockdown |
Cancer science |
Medium |
35363929
|
| 2022 |
CEMIP acts as an adaptor for the interaction between MHC-I and clathrin, driving MHC-I internalization via clathrin-dependent endocytosis in colorectal cancer cells. Internalized MHC-I is anchored to lysosomes for degradation, disrupting MHC-I recycling to the cell surface and reducing CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay (CEMIP–MHC-I–clathrin), immunofluorescence (intracellular MHC-I trafficking), flow cytometry (surface MHC-I), in vivo murine CRC model, CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity assay |
Journal for immunotherapy of cancer |
High |
36596591
|
| 2022 |
KIAA1199 activates TGFβ signaling by interacting with TGFBR1/2, stimulating CXCL1 and CXCL3 production, driving aggregation of immunosuppressive neutrophils that facilitate CRC liver metastasis. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (KIAA1199-TGFBR1/2), flow cytometry (immune cell infiltration), CXCL1/3 ELISA, siRNA knockdown, in vivo mouse CRC metastasis model |
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) |
Medium |
35108400
|
| 2022 |
HIF1α lactylation (by lactate imported via MCT1) stabilizes HIF1α under normoxia. Lactylated HIF1α is a transcriptional enhancer of KIAA1199, as shown by dual-luciferase and ChIP-PCR. KIAA1199 in turn promotes angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry by increasing secretory VEGFA and decreasing sema3A, while elevating depolymerized HA levels; the HA biosynthesis inhibitor 4MU reversed these effects. |
Dual-luciferase reporter, ChIP-PCR, VEGFA ELISA, sema3A/VEGFA Western blotting, tube formation assay, 4MU treatment, in vivo tumorigenesis |
International journal of biological macromolecules |
Medium |
36209908
|
| 2023 |
KIAA1199 deficiency in bone marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) enhances osteoblast differentiation and increases bone mass in vivo. Mechanistically, KIAA1199 inhibits osteopontin production by osteoblasts via integrin-mediated AKT and ERK-MAPK intracellular signaling. KIAA1199 KO mice are protected from ovariectomy-induced bone loss and show accelerated healing of bone defects. |
KIAA1199 knockout mice, ectopic bone formation assay, in vitro osteoblast differentiation, Western blotting (AKT, ERK-MAPK), integrin inhibition, osteopontin expression analysis, micro-CT, biomechanical testing |
Nature communications |
High |
37037828
|
| 2023 |
CEMIP acts as a scaffold protein bridging MIB1 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase) and GRAF1. CEMIP interacts with the SH3 domain of GRAF1 through its 295-819aa domain and negatively regulates GRAF1 stability by facilitating MIB1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of GRAF1. GRAF1 degradation activates CDC42/MAPK pathway-regulated EMT, promoting CRC metastasis. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (CEMIP-GRAF1-MIB1), domain mapping (295-819aa), ubiquitination assay, CDC42 activity assay, Western blotting, in vivo CRC metastasis model, CDC42 inhibitor |
Cell death & disease |
High |
36849460
|
| 2023 |
Human TMEM2 does not function as a catalytic hyaluronidase (in contrast to mouse TMEM2). In HEK293T cells, human HYBID and mouse TMEM2, but not human TMEM2, degraded extracellular HA. Chimeric domain analysis identified mouse GG domain residues His248 and Ala303 as critical for HA-degrading activity; replacing these with corresponding human TMEM2 residues (Asn248, Phe303) abolished mTMEM2 activity. In fibroblasts, hTMEM2 regulates HA metabolism by modulating HYBID and HAS2 expression. |
HEK293T transfection with human HYBID, mTMEM2, hTMEM2, and chimeric constructs; HA degradation assay; site-directed mutagenesis; siRNA knockdown of hTMEM2; HYBID/HAS2 expression analysis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
37196767
|
| 2023 |
CEMIP inhibits c-Myc ubiquitination by hindering the interaction between FBXW7 (E3 ubiquitin ligase) and c-Myc, increasing c-Myc stabilization and nuclear accumulation, thereby promoting glutamine-dependent SCLC cell proliferation. |
LC-MS/MS proteomics, co-immunoprecipitation (CEMIP-FBXW7-c-Myc), ubiquitination assay, c-Myc nuclear fractionation, GLS1 inhibitor CB-839, in vivo/in vitro functional assays |
Biochemical pharmacology |
Medium |
36746261
|
| 2024 |
ALKBH5 (m6A demethylase) negatively regulates CEMIP expression by reducing the stability of CEMIP mRNA. Reduced ALKBH5 in paclitaxel-resistant NSCLC cells leads to elevated CEMIP, promoting EMT and drug resistance; ALKBH5 overexpression reverses EMT and restores paclitaxel sensitivity. |
RNA-seq, RT-PCR, Western blotting, mRNA stability assay, ALKBH5 overexpression/knockdown, paclitaxel sensitivity assay, EMT marker analysis |
Toxicology and applied pharmacology |
Medium |
38199493
|
| 2003 |
A point mutation H783Y in KIAA1199 causes an unusual cytoplasmic distribution pattern distinct from the localization of wild-type protein, suggesting altered subcellular trafficking as a potential mechanism of hearing impairment. |
Site-directed mutagenesis, in vitro subcellular localization by microscopy |
Journal of human genetics |
Low |
14577002
|