Affinage

KCNE1

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1 · UniProt P15382

Length
129 aa
Mass
14.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 36 papers cited in narrative 36 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

KCNE1 (minK/IsK) is a single-transmembrane auxiliary β-subunit that obligatorily coassembles with the KCNQ1 (KvLQT1) α-subunit to reconstitute the cardiac slow delayed-rectifier potassium current IKs (PMID:8900283). Its short transmembrane domain, with the immediately C-terminal cytoplasmic region, is sufficient and necessary for channel activity, and KCNE1 behaves as an integral component of the channel that sets gating rather than a passive accessory (PMID:1939241); its transmembrane helix adopts a curved conformation maintained in lipid bilayers (PMID:18611041, PMID:25234231). KCNE1 slows KCNQ1 activation through defined structural contacts: it lodges at the inter-voltage-sensor S4-S1 interface and disrupts S4-C/S2 electrostatic packing to restrain voltage-sensor movement (PMID:18398469, PMID:21112284), its C-terminus engages the S6 activation gate and S4-S5 linker via state-dependent (closed-state) interactions that slow gate opening (PMID:20479109), and it splits S4 motion into an initial independent step and a slower concerted gating step, thereby uncoupling charge movement from pore opening (PMID:24769622, PMID:28808020). Up to four KCNE1 subunits associate with the four KCNQ1 subunits, and gating and voltage dependence scale with the KCNQ1:KCNE1 ratio, allowing stoichiometry to tune repolarization (PMID:20962273). The channel is further controlled by PIP2 (PMID:15746441) and by an extensive regulatory network acting on trafficking and gating: AKAP/yotiao-anchored PKA upregulation (PMID:11299204, PMID:25037568), PKC-driven endocytosis requiring KCNE1 phosphorylation at Ser102 (PMID:21699843, PMID:7510407), SGK/PKB stimulation (PMID:12634932), AMPK/Nedd4-2-dependent surface downregulation (PMID:21231794), Rab5/Rab11 endocytic recycling (PMID:17293474), obligate co-assembly-dependent secretory trafficking (PMID:17065152), two-site N-glycosylation (PMID:21676880), and sequential BACE1/γ-secretase cleavage (PMID:23504710). KCNE1 also serves as a cofactor for the HERG/IKr (KCNH2) channel (PMID:10400998, PMID:12063283) and as a bona fide auxiliary subunit of the TMEM16A chloride channel, switching it from calcium-dependent to voltage-dependent gating (PMID:33373586). Beyond the heart, KCNE1 localizes to the apical membrane of strial marginal and vestibular dark cells where it is required for transepithelial K+ secretion and endolymph homeostasis (PMID:8982171, PMID:1663105, PMID:11223304), and KCNE1 variants cause the LQT5 long-QT syndrome through gating, trafficking, and subunit-interface defects (PMID:10400998, PMID:38816749).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 35 steps
  1. 1991 High

    Established that the minimal IsK transmembrane domain and the adjacent cytoplasmic region are sufficient and necessary for K+ channel activity, framing IsK as an integral pore-shaping element rather than a passive accessory.

    Evidence Truncation and site-directed mutagenesis with Xenopus oocyte electrophysiology

    PMID:1939241

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the partner α-subunit not yet known
    • No structural basis for gating effects
  2. 1991 Medium

    Localized IsK protein to the apical/endolymphatic surface of cochlear strial marginal cells, first connecting the protein to inner-ear K+ handling.

    Evidence Immunohistochemistry with two distinct anti-IsK antibodies

    PMID:1663105

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role inferred from location only
    • No genetic loss-of-function evidence yet
  3. 1993 Medium

    Reported that IsK expression induces a Cl-selective current alongside K+ current, with separable N- and C-terminal determinants, raising the model of IsK as a regulator of distinct endogenous channels.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis and Xenopus oocyte electrophysiology

    PMID:8413671

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the Cl- channel not resolved
    • Endogenous oocyte channel contribution unclear
  4. 1996 High

    Identified the obligate α-subunit partner: coexpression of KCNE1 with KCNQ1 reconstitutes native cardiac IKs, defining the molecular composition of the slow delayed rectifier.

    Evidence Heterologous coexpression in Xenopus oocytes with electrophysiology

    PMID:8900283

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry of the complex unknown
    • Mechanism of activation slowing not defined
  5. 1996 High

    Demonstrated genetically that IsK is required for transepithelial K+ secretion into endolymph, establishing its physiological role in inner-ear epithelia.

    Evidence IsK knockout mouse with short-circuit current measurement of inner-ear epithelia

    PMID:8982171

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the secretory channel partner in vivo not addressed here
    • Cardiac consequences not measured in same study
  6. 1998 High

    Showed in vivo that IsK blunts QT adaptation to heart rate, defining IKs as a contributor to rate-dependent repolarization reserve.

    Evidence ECG and cellular electrophysiology in isk-/- mice

    PMID:9670922

    Open questions at the time
    • Atrial versus ventricular contribution not separated
    • Molecular basis of rate dependence not yet mechanistic
  7. 1994 Medium

    Mapped the PKC regulatory response of IsK to specific cytoplasmic C-terminal residues, showing intracellular determinants set whether PKC enhances or inhibits current.

    Evidence Mutagenesis and phorbol-ester PKC activation in Xenopus oocytes

    PMID:7510407

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct phosphorylation site not pinpointed in this study
    • Native cardiomyocyte relevance not tested
  8. 1997 Medium

    Demonstrated that IsK confers distinct pharmacological sensitivity on the IKs heteromer, showing blockers and activators act through an IsK-dependent mechanism on the open state.

    Evidence Pharmacological profiling of homomeric vs heteromeric channels in Xenopus oocytes

    PMID:9313924

    Open questions at the time
    • Drug binding site not localized
    • Single expression system
  9. 1999 High

    Defined KCNE1 as a co-factor for both IKs and IKr by characterizing LQT5 mutants with divergent trafficking and gating defects.

    Evidence Electrophysiology and surface immunocytochemistry of LQT5 mutants in oocytes and HEK293

    PMID:10400998

    Open questions at the time
    • Native IKr association not yet shown biochemically
    • Structural interface with HERG undefined
  10. 1999 Medium

    Localized stilbene/fenamate activator binding to an extracellular domain flanking the IsK transmembrane segment and showed pharmacological rescue of LQT5 mutants, revealing allosteric α-β coupling.

    Evidence Mutagenesis and pharmacological rescue in Xenopus oocytes

    PMID:10428953

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise binding residues not resolved
    • Single lab
  11. 2001 High

    Established that cAMP/PKA upregulation of IKs requires PKA anchoring to the channel via AKAPs, linking adrenergic signaling to the complex.

    Evidence AKAP coexpression and Ht31 disruption with whole-cell patch clamp

    PMID:11299204

    Open questions at the time
    • Phosphorylation target residue not mapped here
    • Native cardiomyocyte AKAP identity not defined
  12. 2001 Medium

    Provided biochemical evidence in native cardiac tissue that KCNE1 associates with ERG1/HERG, supporting a physical KCNE1-IKr partnership in vivo.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation and RT-PCR from horse heart tissue

    PMID:12063283

    Open questions at the time
    • Single species and lab
    • Functional stoichiometry of KCNE1-HERG not defined
  13. 2001 High

    Demonstrated KCNQ1/KCNE1 co-localization at vestibular dark-cell apical membranes and that KCNE1 loss causes epithelial degeneration and endolymphatic collapse.

    Evidence In situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry, and ultrastructure of kcne1-/- mice

    PMID:11223304

    Open questions at the time
    • Degeneration mechanism downstream of K+ secretion failure not defined
  14. 2002 Medium

    Identified SGK isoforms and PKB as direct upstream stimulators of KCNE1/KCNQ1 activity independent of Na+/K+-ATPase.

    Evidence Coexpression of wild-type, constitutively active, and kinase-dead SGK with two-electrode voltage clamp

    PMID:12634932

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct channel phosphorylation vs trafficking mechanism not distinguished here
    • Single system
  15. 2005 High

    Showed PIP2 directly regulates the complex and that LQT KCNQ1 mutations act by reducing PIP2 affinity, establishing impaired lipid interaction as a disease mechanism.

    Evidence Giant excised patch electrophysiology, direct PIP2 application, MTSET chemical rescue, and PIP2 binding assay

    PMID:15746441

    Open questions at the time
    • KCNE1's specific contribution to the PIP2 site not isolated
    • Structural PIP2 binding site not resolved
  16. 2005 High

    Revealed that KCNE1 loss produces atrial fibrillation through paradoxical increases in outward K+ current, explaining how sigmoidal IKs activation prevents accumulation at fast rates.

    Evidence KCNE1-null mouse ECG, atrial myocyte patch clamp, and CHO electrophysiology

    PMID:15947250

    Open questions at the time
    • Human atrial relevance not directly tested
    • Chamber-specific KCNE1 stoichiometry not measured
  17. 2006 High

    Established that KCNE1 requires co-assembly with α-subunits to exit the early secretory pathway, defining co-assembly-dependent forward trafficking.

    Evidence Deglycosylation, immunofluorescence, and quantitative surface labeling in multiple cell lines

    PMID:17065152

    Open questions at the time
    • ER quality-control machinery retaining unassembled KCNE1 not identified
  18. 2007 High

    Defined endocytic recycling of the complex through Rab5/Rab11 and SGK1-driven exocytosis via PI(3,5)P2, providing a mechanism for stress-accelerated repolarization.

    Evidence Dominant-negative Rab constructs, pharmacology, biochemical trafficking assays, and electrophysiology

    PMID:17293474

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo cardiac relevance of the recycling pathway not established
  19. 2008 High

    Determined the KCNE1 NMR structure and modeled how it contacts the S4-S5 linker in the closed state and a gain-of-function cleft in the open state to slow activation and raise conductance.

    Evidence Solution NMR structure with restrained docking to KCNQ1 and functional validation

    PMID:18611041

    Open questions at the time
    • Structure solved in micelles, not the full assembled complex
    • Docking model not directly visualized
  20. 2008 Medium

    Mapped KCNE1 to the inter-VSD S4-S1 interface between adjacent subunits where it constrains the Kv7.1 voltage sensor.

    Evidence Tryptophan-scanning mutagenesis of KCNQ1 S4 and cysteine engineering with electrophysiology

    PMID:18398469

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Direct cross-link to KCNE1 residues not shown here
  21. 2009 Medium

    Established the KCNE1 C-terminus as a regulator of assembly, open-state stability, deactivation, and rate-dependent facilitation, with LQT5 D76N and C-terminal truncation impairing affinity and surface delivery.

    Evidence Electrophysiology, co-IP, surface expression, and overexpression titration

    PMID:19340287

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic-level C-terminal interaction interface not resolved
    • Single lab
  22. 2010 High

    Quantified flexible up-to-4:4 stoichiometry and showed gating depends on KCNQ1:KCNE1 ratio, indicating expression-level control of repolarization.

    Evidence Single-molecule fluorescence subunit counting with ratio-varied electrophysiology

    PMID:20962273

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo stoichiometry in cardiomyocytes not measured
  23. 2010 High

    Identified state-dependent disulfide contacts between the KCNE1 C-terminus and the KCNQ1 S6 gate and S4-S5 linker, providing a direct structural basis for slowed gate opening.

    Evidence Cysteine cross-linking screen of >300 pairs with electrophysiology

    PMID:20479109

    Open questions at the time
    • Dynamics of the interaction during gating not resolved
  24. 2010 Medium

    Showed KCNE1 disrupts S4-C/S2 (Glu170) electrostatic interactions, altering S4 packing to shape voltage-dependent gating.

    Evidence S4 tryptophan scanning, cysteine accessibility/MTS modification, and electrophysiology

    PMID:21112284

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Effect on individual gating transitions not fully separated
  25. 2011 High

    Identified two-site N-glycosylation of KCNE1, with a co-translational site governing a subsequent post-translational site and overall surface trafficking competence.

    Evidence Glycosylation-site mutagenesis, pulse-chase kinetics, surface assays, and site-conversion rescue

    PMID:21676880

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of glycosylation state on gating not addressed
  26. 2011 High

    Defined PKC-induced dynamin-dependent endocytosis of the complex requiring KCNE1 Ser102 phosphorylation, confirmed in native cardiomyocytes.

    Evidence Patch clamp, transferrin colocalization, dominant-negative dynamin K44A, S102A mutation, neonatal mouse myocytes

    PMID:21699843

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream PKC isoform identity not specified
    • Adult myocyte relevance not tested
  27. 2011 Medium

    Established AMPK as a negative regulator of IKs surface abundance acting through Nedd4-2.

    Evidence Constitutively active AMPK and Nedd4-2 coexpression with voltage clamp and confocal imaging in oocytes

    PMID:21231794

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ubiquitination site not mapped
    • Single heterologous system
  28. 2012 Medium

    Pinpointed KCNQ1 S1 residue V141 in direct proximity to KCNE1, explaining differential KCNE1-dependence of familial atrial fibrillation mutations.

    Evidence Disulfide cross-linking and KCNE1-dependence analysis in Xenopus oocytes

    PMID:22250012

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Full S1 interaction surface not mapped
  29. 2013 High

    Showed KCNE1 undergoes sequential α/BACE1 then γ-secretase cleavage, with elevated BACE1 shifting channel activation positively and impairing repolarization.

    Evidence CTF biochemistry across multiple cell types, secretase inhibitors, BACE1 overexpression, and electrophysiology

    PMID:23504710

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological trigger of cleavage in heart not established
    • Fate/function of released fragments unknown
  30. 2014 High

    Demonstrated KCNE1 splits S4 movement into an early independent step and a slower concerted gating step, mechanistically uncoupling charge movement from pore opening.

    Evidence Voltage clamp fluorometry, S4 mutagenesis, and pharmacological isolation of gating steps

    PMID:24769622

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural correlate of the two-step model not visualized
  31. 2014 High

    Identified an intracellular KCNQ1 helix C / KCNE1 distal C-terminus interface whose mutations disrupt PIP2 modulation and yotiao-dependent PKA upregulation, integrating gating, lipid, and signaling control.

    Evidence Co-IP, electrophysiology, mutagenesis, and PKA phosphorylation assays

    PMID:25037568

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic structure of the helix C interface not resolved
  32. 2017 High

    Distinguished KCNE1 from KCNE3 mechanistically, showing KCNE1 affects both the first S4 movement and the gate, and mapped the divergence to specific transmembrane residues.

    Evidence Voltage clamp fluorometry, S4 mutagenesis, and PIP2 depletion in Xenopus oocytes

    PMID:28808020

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of transmembrane residue effects not visualized
  33. 2016 High

    Showed KCNE1 assembly creates channel fenestrations absent in KCNQ1 alone, providing an adamantane (JNJ303) binding site and a route to subtype-selective pharmacology.

    Evidence Scanning mutagenesis, electrophysiology, chemical cross-linking with MS/MS, and molecular modeling

    PMID:27731317

    Open questions at the time
    • High-resolution structure of the fenestration-drug complex not determined
  34. 2020 High

    Established KCNE1 as a bona fide auxiliary subunit of the TMEM16A chloride channel, switching it from calcium-dependent to voltage-dependent gating, expanding its role beyond K+ channels.

    Evidence Pharmacology, gene knockout, single-molecule co-assembly assays, and electrophysiology with KCNE1 mutants

    PMID:33373586

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological tissue context of KCNE1-TMEM16A not defined
    • Structure of the assembly not resolved
  35. 2024 High

    Mapped the functional consequences of all KCNE1 single-amino-acid variants, showing most deleterious variants affect gating rather than trafficking and concentrate at KCNQ1/calmodulin contact interfaces.

    Evidence Saturation mutagenesis variant effect mapping with surface and IKs functional readouts validated against electrophysiology

    PMID:38816749

    Open questions at the time
    • Calmodulin interaction not directly biochemically characterized in this corpus
    • In vivo penetrance of variants not addressed

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How KCNE1 stoichiometry, post-translational modification, and partner choice (KCNQ1 vs HERG vs TMEM16A) are coordinated in native tissues to set repolarization and secretion remains unresolved.
  • No high-resolution structure of an assembled KCNE1-containing channel complex in the corpus
  • In vivo stoichiometry and partner partitioning not quantified
  • Direct KCNE1-calmodulin interaction not biochemically defined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 4 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 3 GO:0005215 transporter activity 3
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 4 GO:0005768 endosome 2 GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 2
Pathway
R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 3
Partners
AKAP9/YOTIAOBACE1DNM1KCNH2KCNQ1NEDD4-2SGK1TMEM16A
Complex memberships
KCNH2/HERG (IKr) channelKCNQ1-KCNE1 (IKs) channelTMEM16A chloride channel

Evidence

Reading pass · 36 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1996 KCNE1 (minK/IsK) coassembles with KCNQ1 (KvLQT1) to form the cardiac slow delayed-rectifier potassium channel (I(Ks)). Coexpression of the two subunits in heterologous systems produced a current nearly identical to native cardiac I(Ks), establishing KCNE1 as an obligate beta-subunit of this channel complex. Heterologous coexpression in Xenopus oocytes; electrophysiology Nature High 8900283
1996 KCNE1 (IsK) knockout mice lack potassium secretion into endolymph by strial marginal cells and vestibular dark cells, demonstrating that IsK is required for transepithelial K+ secretion in the inner ear. IsK gene knockout mouse; in vitro short-circuit current measurement of inner ear epithelia Neuron High 8982171
1991 The 63-amino-acid sequence covering the transmembrane domain of ISK is sufficient for K+ channel activity. The cytoplasmic region immediately C-terminal to the transmembrane domain is critical for channel activity, while amino-terminal substitutions had little effect. Specific transmembrane residues (e.g., L52I) alter gating properties, supporting ISK as an integral part of the channel pore. Site-directed mutagenesis, deletion/truncation analysis, Xenopus oocyte expression, electrophysiology The Journal of biological chemistry High 1939241
1993 IsK protein expression in Xenopus oocytes induces not only a slow K+ current but also a Cl-selective current. Mutagenesis identified distinct N-terminal and C-terminal domains as critical for Cl- and K+ channel activities respectively, supporting a model in which IsK acts as a regulatory activator of distinct endogenous channel complexes. Site-directed mutagenesis; Xenopus oocyte electrophysiology Nature Medium 8413671
2008 The three-dimensional NMR structure of KCNE1 shows a curved alpha-helical transmembrane domain flanked by extracellular and intracellular helices. Experimentally restrained docking suggests KCNE1 slows KCNQ1 activation by interacting with the S4-S5 linker in the closed state and binds a gain-of-function cleft in the open state to increase conductance and stabilize the open state. Solution NMR structure determination; computational docking to KCNQ1 models; functional validation Biochemistry High 18611041
2010 The stoichiometry of the KCNQ1-KCNE1 complex is flexible, with up to four KCNE1 subunits associating with the four KCNQ1 subunits (up to 4:4). Both voltage-dependence and gating kinetics depend on the relative expression densities of KCNQ1 and KCNE1, suggesting heart rhythm can be regulated by KCNE1 expression level and resulting stoichiometry. Single-molecule fluorescence subunit counting (bleaching); electrophysiology at varied KCNQ1:KCNE1 expression ratios Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 20962273
1999 Four LQT5 KCNE1 mutants show distinct cellular phenotypes: V47F and W87R traffic to the cell surface with altered IKs gating; L51H is retained intracellularly and fails to interact functionally with KvLQT1 or HERG; D76N suppresses both IKs and IKr. This establishes KCNE1 as a co-factor for both IKs and IKr channel function. Electrophysiology in Xenopus oocytes and HEK293 cells; immunocytochemistry for surface expression Human molecular genetics High 10400998
2007 KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel complex undergoes RAB5-dependent endocytosis and RAB11-dependent exocytosis/recycling to the plasma membrane. Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) enhances exocytosis via phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-phosphate 5-kinase and generation of PI(3,5)P2, providing a mechanism for stress-induced acceleration of cardiac repolarization. Dominant-negative Rab GTPase constructs; pharmacological inhibition; biochemical trafficking assays; electrophysiology Circulation research High 17293474
2005 PIP2 directly regulates the KCNQ1-KCNE1 complex; three LQT-associated KCNQ1 mutations (R243H, R539W, R555C) reduce PIP2 affinity of the channel, and direct PIP2 application or restoration of positive charge rescues channel activity, establishing impaired PIP2 interaction as a molecular mechanism for these LQT mutations. Giant excised patch electrophysiology; direct PIP2 application; MTSET chemical rescue; soluble PIP2 analog binding assay Circulation research High 15746441
2001 cAMP regulation of the KvLQT1/IsK (IKs) complex requires anchoring of protein kinase A (PKA) to the channel complex via A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). Coexpression of AKAP79, mAKAP fragment, or AKAP15/18 restored cAMP-dependent upregulation of IKs in heterologous cells; Ht31 peptide (disruptor of PKA anchoring) prevented the effect. Whole-cell patch clamp in mammalian heterologous expression systems; AKAP coexpression; Ht31 peptide disruption American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology High 11299204
2006 KCNE1 requires co-assembly with specific K+ channel alpha-subunits for efficient trafficking and cell surface expression; without co-assembly, KCNE1 is retained in the early secretory pathway. Co-assembly mediates progression through the secretory pathway. Enzymatic deglycosylation; immunofluorescence; quantitative cell-surface labeling in multiple cell lines The Journal of biological chemistry High 17065152
2011 Protein kinase C (PKC) activation downregulates IKs by stimulating dynamin-dependent endocytosis of KCNQ1-KCNE1 complexes. The effect requires phosphorylation of KCNE1 at serine 102; the KCNE1-S102A mutation abolishes PKC-induced endocytosis and current reduction. This mechanism was confirmed in neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes. Patch clamping; fluorescence microscopy with transferrin endosome colocalization; dominant-negative dynamin (K44A); site-directed mutagenesis (S102A); neonatal mouse myocytes Heart rhythm High 21699843
2013 KCNE1 and KCNE2 undergo sequential proteolytic cleavage: first by either alpha-secretase or BACE1, then by presenilin/gamma-secretase, generating C-terminal fragments and intracellular domains. Elevated BACE1 activity increases KCNE1 processing and shifts the KCNE1/KCNQ1 channel activation curve to more positive potentials, decreasing cardiac repolarization efficiency. Biochemical CTF detection in HEK293T, B104 neuroblastoma cells, cardiomyocytes, and primary neurons; secretase inhibitors; BACE1 overexpression; electrophysiology FASEB journal High 23504710
2010 The KCNE1 C-terminal cytoplasmic domain forms a protein-protein interaction with the KCNQ1 S6 activation gate and S4-S5 linker. Cysteine cross-linking identified three KCNQ1 residues (H363C, P369C, I257C) that form disulfide bonds with KCNE1 C-terminal cysteine residues; these interactions are state-dependent (primarily in closed state) and slow activation gate opening. Cysteine cross-linking (disulfide bond formation); electrophysiology; biochemical screening of >300 cysteine pairs The Journal of general physiology High 20479109
2014 KCNE1 divides voltage sensor (S4) movement in KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels into two steps: first, independent movement of each S4 (generating main gating charge, underlying activation delay); second, a slower concerted conformational change of all four voltage sensors and the gate that opens the channel. KCNE1 thus mechanistically uncouples these two steps with different voltage dependences. Voltage clamp fluorometry; S4 mutagenesis; pharmacological isolation of gating steps Nature communications High 24769622
2014 LQT mutations at the KCNQ1 helix C / KCNE1 distal C-terminus intracellular interface disrupt KCNQ1-KCNE1 subunit interaction. KCNQ1 helix C mutations impair PIP2 modulation (decreased current density and depolarizing activation shift), while KCNE1 C-terminus mutation P127T suppresses yotiao-dependent cAMP/PKA upregulation of IKs by reducing KCNQ1 S27 phosphorylation. Co-immunoprecipitation; electrophysiology; mutagenesis; PKA phosphorylation assays Journal of cell science High 25037568
2017 KCNE1 affects both the first S4 movement and the gate of KCNQ1, whereas KCNE3 primarily affects S4 movement and only affects the gate if S4-to-gate coupling is intact. A triple mutation in the KCNE3 transmembrane segment middle region introduced KCNE1-like effects on S4 movement and gating, mapping the functional divergence of KCNE1 and KCNE3 to specific transmembrane residues. Voltage clamp fluorometry; S4 mutagenesis; PIP2 depletion to separate S4 movement from gate opening Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 28808020
1991 KCNE1 (IsK) protein localizes specifically to the endolymphatic (apical/luminal) surface of strial marginal cells in the cochlea, as determined by immunohistochemistry with two distinct antibodies, suggesting a direct role in K+ permeation at the luminal membrane. Immunohistochemistry with two antibodies targeting distinct epitopes of the Isk protein Hearing research Medium 1663105
1997 The IsK protein modulates both pharmacological sensitivity and activator responses of the IKs channel: IKs blockers (293B, azimilide, 17β-estradiol) have 6–100-fold higher affinity for KvLQT1/IsK heteromers than KvLQT1 alone. IKs activators (mefenamic acid, DIDS) dramatically enhance heteromeric IKs by arresting channels in an open state, but have little effect on KvLQT1 homomers, demonstrating a direct IsK-dependent pharmacological mechanism. Heterologous coexpression in Xenopus oocytes; electrophysiology; pharmacological profiling British journal of pharmacology Medium 9313924
1998 IsK/KCNE1 knockout mice exhibit a steeper QT-RR relationship and longer QT intervals at slow heart rates, indicating that the isk gene product blunts QT adaptation to heart rate variations. The absence of IKs leads to a paradoxically shorter QT at fast rates, revealing the channel's role in rate-dependent repolarization reserve. ECG recordings in isk-/- mice; comparison with wild-type; cellular electrophysiology Circulation research High 9670922
2005 KCNE1-null mice spontaneously develop atrial fibrillation associated with shortened atrial action potentials and increased outward K+ currents (including KCNQ1-sensitive currents) in atrial myocytes. At rapid pacing rates, IKs (KCNQ1+KCNE1) does not accumulate due to sigmoidal activation, whereas KCNQ1 alone accumulates markedly, explaining the paradoxical increase in outward current with KCNE1 deletion. KCNE1-null mouse model; in vivo ECG; patch clamp of atrial myocytes; isoproterenol and vagomimetic pharmacology; CHO cell electrophysiology Circulation research High 15947250
1999 Stilbene and fenamate IKs activators bind to an extracellular domain flanking the IsK transmembrane segment and rescue dominant-negative loss-of-function in IsK C-terminal mutants, including the naturally occurring LQT5 mutant D76N, by restoring slow activation gating. This reveals allosteric interactions between extracellular/intracellular boundaries of the IsK transmembrane segment and between alpha and beta subunit domains. Mutagenesis; Xenopus oocyte electrophysiology; pharmacological rescue with stilbenes and fenamates The EMBO journal Medium 10428953
2002 SGK1, SGK2, SGK3, and protein kinase B (PKB) all stimulate KCNE1/KCNQ1 channel activity in Xenopus oocytes; kinase-dead SGK1 (K127N) had no effect. The stimulation is independent of Na+/K+-ATPase, establishing serum/glucocorticoid-inducible kinases as direct upstream regulators of KCNE1-dependent K+ channel activity. Xenopus oocyte two-electrode voltage clamp; coexpression of wild-type, constitutively active, and kinase-dead SGK isoforms Pflugers Archiv Medium 12634932
2011 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reduces KCNQ1/KCNE1-mediated currents and decreases KCNQ1 plasma membrane abundance, likely via the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2. Nedd4-2 mimicked AMPK's effect. This establishes AMPK as a negative regulator of IKs channel surface expression. Xenopus oocyte voltage clamp; constitutively active and wild-type AMPK coexpression; Nedd4-2 coexpression; immunostaining and confocal imaging of KCNQ1 membrane abundance Molecular membrane biology Medium 21231794
2010 KCNE1 disrupts electrostatic interactions of the C-terminal half of KCNQ1 S4 (S4-C) with the lower conserved glutamate in S2 (Glu170), altering packing around S4 and thereby affecting voltage-dependent gating. Tryptophan scanning of S4 revealed a cluster of S4-C residues where mutations abolish current in the presence of KCNE1. S4 tryptophan scanning mutagenesis; cysteine accessibility and MTS modification; electrophysiology in presence/absence of KCNE1 Biophysical journal Medium 21112284
2001 ERG1 (KCNH2) coimmunoprecipitates with KCNE1 in horse heart tissue, providing direct biochemical evidence for KCNE1 association with the HERG channel complex in native cardiac tissue. Co-immunoprecipitation from native horse heart tissue; immunoblotting; RT-PCR American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology Medium 12063283
2009 The KCNE1 C-terminus interacts with KCNQ1 to regulate channel assembly, open-state stability, and deactivation kinetics. The LQT5 mutant D76N and full C-terminal truncation (Δ70) both shift voltage dependence, decrease current density, accelerate deactivation, and impair rate-dependent IKs facilitation. C-terminal truncation reduces apparent KCNE1 affinity for KCNQ1, impairing surface delivery of the complex. Electrophysiology; co-immunoprecipitation; surface expression assays; overexpression titration in heterologous cells PloS one Medium 19340287
2008 KCNE1 constrains the Kv7.1 voltage sensor by lodging at the inter-VSD S4-S1 interface between adjacent subunits, as revealed by tryptophan scanning mutagenesis of S4 and cysteine engineering. Specific S4 perturbations that mimic KCNE1 effects or compromise KCNE1 regulation mapped to this interface. Tryptophan-scanning mutagenesis of KCNQ1 S4; cysteine engineering; electrophysiology with and without KCNE1 PloS one Medium 18398469
2011 Post-translational N-glycosylation of KCNE1 occurs at two sites: one co-translational and one post-translational. Ablation of the co-translational glycosylation site also prevents post-translational glycosylation, resulting in unglycosylated KCNE1 that cannot reach the cell surface with its cognate K+ channel. Engineering the post-translational site into a co-translational context restored monoglycosylation and anterograde trafficking. Site-directed mutagenesis of glycosylation sites; pulse-chase glycosylation kinetics; cell surface expression assays; mutagenic site conversion The Journal of biological chemistry High 21676880
2014 The transmembrane domain of KCNE1 is helical and slightly curved in proteoliposomes (POPC/POPG bilayers), consistent with the solution NMR structure in micelles. DEER distance measurements in three membrane environments confirmed the curvature is maintained in lipid bilayers, supporting its functional relevance. Double electron-electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy; simulated annealing MD simulations; comparison across LMPG micelles, proteoliposomes, and lipodisq nanoparticles Biochemistry High 25234231
2016 KCNE1 association with KCNQ1 creates fenestrations in the channel that are not present in KCNQ1 alone, providing a binding site for adamantane derivative inhibitors (e.g., JNJ303). These compounds access the channel through KCNE1-dependent fenestrations, enabling highly subtype-specific pharmacological targeting. Scanning mutagenesis; electrophysiology; chemical ligand modification; chemical cross-linking; MS/MS analysis; molecular modelling Nature communications High 27731317
2020 KCNE1 fulfils criteria of a bona fide auxiliary subunit of the TMEM16A chloride channel (anoctamin superfamily), in addition to its established role with KCNQ1. KCNE1 assembly with TMEM16A switches channel behavior from calcium-dependent to voltage-dependent. Clinically relevant KCNE1 mutations within the TMEM16A-regulating domain abolish TMEM16A modulation. Pharmacology; gene invalidation (knockout); single-molecule fluorescence co-assembly assays; electrophysiology with KCNE1 mutants Cell High 33373586
2012 KCNQ1 residue V141 (in S1) is in direct physical proximity to KCNE1 as shown by disulfide cross-linking: V141C forms disulfide bonds with cysteine-substituted KCNE1 residues, while adjacent S140C does not. This structural difference explains the differential KCNE1 dependence of two familial atrial fibrillation mutations (V141M vs. S140G) and maps the KCNE1-KCNQ1 S1 interaction interface. Disulfide cross-linking; electrophysiology; KCNE1-dependence analysis in Xenopus oocytes The Journal of general physiology Medium 22250012
2024 Saturation mutagenesis variant effect mapping of all KCNE1 single-amino-acid variants revealed that most functionally deleterious variants affect channel gating rather than surface trafficking. Residues at positions 56-104 are dispensable for trafficking but essential for function. 73% of residues highly intolerant to variation are predicted to contact KCNQ1 or calmodulin, identifying these interfaces as critical for KCNE1 function. Saturation mutagenesis coupled with high-throughput sequencing (variant effect mapping); cell surface expression assay; functional IKs assay; validated against gold-standard electrophysiology Genome medicine High 38816749
1994 Protein kinase C (PKC) enhancement or inhibition of IsK channel current is determined by specific cytoplasmic residues. Guinea pig IsK (with serine at position 102 context) shows PKC-enhanced current amplitude mimicking native IKs; mutagenesis of four cytoplasmic amino acids converts the PKC response from enhancement to inhibition, mapping the PKC regulatory site to the intracellular C-terminal domain. Mutagenesis; Xenopus oocyte electrophysiology; phorbol ester activation of PKC Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 7510407
2001 KCNE1 (IsK) and KCNQ1 (KvLQT1) co-localize at the apical membrane of vestibular dark cells in a polarized fashion, as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry in wild-type and kcne1-/- mice. KCNE1-null mice develop progressive vestibular epithelial degeneration and endolymphatic space collapse, establishing KCNE1 as required for dark-cell endolymph homeostasis. In situ hybridization; RT-PCR; immunocytochemistry; ultrastructural analysis of kcne1-/- mice Hearing research High 11223304

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1996 Coassembly of K(V)LQT1 and minK (IsK) proteins to form cardiac I(Ks) potassium channel. Nature 1490 8900283
2000 Spectrum of mutations in long-QT syndrome genes. KVLQT1, HERG, SCN5A, KCNE1, and KCNE2. Circulation 962 10973849
1996 Inner ear defects induced by null mutation of the isk gene. Neuron 311 8982171
1997 IsK and KvLQT1: mutation in either of the two subunits of the slow component of the delayed rectifier potassium channel can cause Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome. Human molecular genetics 248 9328483
1990 Cloning and expression of the delayed-rectifier IsK channel from neonatal rat heart and diethylstilbestrol-primed rat uterus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 186 2183220
2008 Structure of KCNE1 and implications for how it modulates the KCNQ1 potassium channel. Biochemistry 172 18611041
1998 Mutation of the gene for IsK associated with both Jervell and Lange-Nielsen and Romano-Ward forms of Long-QT syndrome. Circulation 169 9445165
1995 A corticosteroid-induced gene expressing an "IsK-like" K+ channel activity in Xenopus oocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 161 7597086
2010 Stoichiometry of the KCNQ1 - KCNE1 ion channel complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 158 20962273
1999 Cellular dysfunction of LQT5-minK mutants: abnormalities of IKs, IKr and trafficking in long QT syndrome. Human molecular genetics 137 10400998
2007 Regulation of endocytic recycling of KCNQ1/KCNE1 potassium channels. Circulation research 135 17293474
1993 The protein IsK is a dual activator of K+ and Cl- channels. Nature 126 8413671
2009 D85N, a KCNE1 polymorphism, is a disease-causing gene variant in long QT syndrome. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 121 19695459
1997 The role of the IsK protein in the specific pharmacological properties of the IKs channel complex. British journal of pharmacology 110 9313924
1998 MinK-KvLQT1 fusion proteins, evidence for multiple stoichiometries of the assembled IsK channel. The Journal of biological chemistry 105 9852064
1998 Involvement of IsK-associated K+ channel in heart rate control of repolarization in a murine engineered model of Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome. Circulation research 104 9670922
2001 Differential expression of KvLQT1 and its regulator IsK in mouse epithelia. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 98 11208532
2000 Novel mutations in KvLQT1 that affect Iks activation through interactions with Isk. Cardiovascular research 98 10728423
1991 Alteration of channel activities and gating by mutations of slow ISK potassium channel. The Journal of biological chemistry 96 1939241
2005 Impaired KCNQ1-KCNE1 and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate interaction underlies the long QT syndrome. Circulation research 94 15746441
1991 Cellular localization of rat Isk protein in the stria vascularis by immunohistochemical observation. Hearing research 91 1663105
2000 A novel lantibiotic, nukacin ISK-1, of Staphylococcus warneri ISK-1: cloning of the structural gene and identification of the structure. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 85 11193411
2001 KCNQ1/KCNE1 potassium channels in mammalian vestibular dark cells. Hearing research 84 11223304
2002 Regulation of KCNE1-dependent K(+) current by the serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK) isoforms. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 81 12634932
2014 KCNE1 divides the voltage sensor movement in KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels into two steps. Nature communications 76 24769622
1999 Stilbenes and fenamates rescue the loss of I(KS) channel function induced by an LQT5 mutation and other IsK mutants. The EMBO journal 75 10428953
2015 KCNE1 and KCNE3: The yin and yang of voltage-gated K(+) channel regulation. Gene 71 26410412
2013 MicroRNA-1 accelerates the shortening of atrial effective refractory period by regulating KCNE1 and KCNB2 expression: an atrial tachypacing rabbit model. PloS one 70 24386485
2005 Atrial fibrillation in KCNE1-null mice. Circulation research 70 15947250
2002 Expression and coassociation of ERG1, KCNQ1, and KCNE1 potassium channel proteins in horse heart. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 69 12063283
1994 Positive regulation by chloride channel blockers of IsK channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Molecular pharmacology 65 7969055
1999 KCNE1-like gene is deleted in AMME contiguous gene syndrome: identification and characterization of the human and mouse homologs. Genomics 64 10493825
2001 Distinct gene-specific mechanisms of arrhythmia revealed by cardiac gene transfer of two long QT disease genes, HERG and KCNE1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 59 11320260
2012 Ring A of nukacin ISK-1: a lipid II-binding motif for type-A(II) lantibiotic. Journal of the American Chemical Society 58 22329487
2005 Lanthionine introduction into nukacin ISK-1 prepeptide by co-expression with modification enzyme NukM in Escherichia coli. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 57 16143300
2002 The multifaceted phenotype of the knockout mouse for the KCNE1 potassium channel gene. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 55 11832382
2001 AKAP proteins anchor cAMP-dependent protein kinase to KvLQT1/IsK channel complex. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 55 11299204
2007 Preparation, functional characterization, and NMR studies of human KCNE1, a voltage-gated potassium channel accessory subunit associated with deafness and long QT syndrome. Biochemistry 54 17892302
2006 KCNE1 subunits require co-assembly with K+ channels for efficient trafficking and cell surface expression. The Journal of biological chemistry 54 17065152
2013 Three distinct two-component systems are involved in resistance to the class I bacteriocins, Nukacin ISK-1 and nisin A, in Staphylococcus aureus. PloS one 53 23894484
2009 Dynamic partnership between KCNQ1 and KCNE1 and influence on cardiac IKs current amplitude by KCNE2. The Journal of biological chemistry 48 19372218
2017 KCNE1 and KCNE3 modulate KCNQ1 channels by affecting different gating transitions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 47 28808020
2011 Protein kinase C downregulates I(Ks) by stimulating KCNQ1-KCNE1 potassium channel endocytosis. Heart rhythm 47 21699843
2003 Coordinated down-regulation of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 expression contributes to reduction of I(Ks) in canine hypertrophied hearts. Cardiovascular research 47 12566121
2015 A new KCNQ1 mutation at the S5 segment that impairs its association with KCNE1 is responsible for short QT syndrome. Cardiovascular research 45 26168993
2005 A novel type of immunity protein, NukH, for the lantibiotic nukacin ISK-1 produced by Staphylococcus warneri ISK-1. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 44 16041148
2001 The role of KCNQ1/KCNE1 K(+) channels in intestine and pancreas: lessons from the KCNE1 knockout mouse. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 44 11889581
1993 Are Xenopus oocytes unique in displaying functional IsK channel heterologous expression? Receptors & channels 44 8081718
2014 Long QT mutations at the interface between KCNQ1 helix C and KCNE1 disrupt I(KS) regulation by PKA and PIP₂. Journal of cell science 43 25037568
1997 KvLQT1 potassium channel but not IsK is the molecular target for trans-6-cyano-4-(N-ethylsulfonyl-N-methylamino)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl- chromane. Molecular pharmacology 42 9396783
1997 cAMP increases K+ secretion via activation of apical IsK/KvLQT1 channels in strial marginal cells. Hearing research 42 9447925
2013 BACE1 and presenilin/γ-secretase regulate proteolytic processing of KCNE1 and 2, auxiliary subunits of voltage-gated potassium channels. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 41 23504710
2009 Nukacin ISK-1, a bacteriostatic lantibiotic. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 41 19506061
2006 KCNE2 is colocalized with KCNQ1 and KCNE1 in cardiac myocytes and may function as a negative modulator of I(Ks) current amplitude in the heart. Heart rhythm 41 17161791
2014 Structural investigation of the transmembrane domain of KCNE1 in proteoliposomes. Biochemistry 40 25234231
2010 Identification of a protein-protein interaction between KCNE1 and the activation gate machinery of KCNQ1. The Journal of general physiology 40 20479109
2009 Functional interactions between KCNE1 C-terminus and the KCNQ1 channel. PloS one 40 19340287
2008 KCNE4 can co-associate with the I(Ks) (KCNQ1-KCNE1) channel complex. The FEBS journal 40 18279388
2006 N- and C-terminal KCNE1 mutations cause distinct phenotypes of long QT syndrome. Heart rhythm 40 17341399
1996 Exclusion of KCNE1 (IsK) as a candidate gene for Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 40 8899564
2012 The KCNE Tango - How KCNE1 Interacts with Kv7.1. Frontiers in pharmacology 39 22876232
2010 KCNE1 remodels the voltage sensor of Kv7.1 to modulate channel function. Biophysical journal 39 21112284
1994 Differential expression of Isk mRNAs in mouse tissue during development and pregnancy. The American journal of physiology 39 7943198
1994 K+ currents expressed from the guinea pig cardiac IsK protein are enhanced by activators of protein kinase C. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 38 7510407
2011 KCNE1 and KCNE2 inhibit forward trafficking of homomeric N-type voltage-gated potassium channels. Biophysical journal 37 21943416
1997 P2U purinergic receptor inhibits apical IsK/KvLQT1 channel via protein kinase C in vestibular dark cells. The American journal of physiology 37 9435509
2011 Reconstitution of KCNE1 into lipid bilayers: comparing the structural, dynamic, and activity differences in micelle and vesicle environments. Biochemistry 36 22085289
2008 KCNE1 constrains the voltage sensor of Kv7.1 K+ channels. PloS one 36 18398469
1997 Role of the ISK protein in the IminK channel complex. Trends in pharmacological sciences 36 9114727
2016 A novel transgenic rabbit model with reduced repolarization reserve: long QT syndrome caused by a dominant-negative mutation of the KCNE1 gene. British journal of pharmacology 35 27076034
2007 Differential association between HERG and KCNE1 or KCNE2. PloS one 35 17895974
2004 Heterologous expression and functional analysis of the gene cluster for the biosynthesis of and immunity to the lantibiotic, nukacin ISK-1. Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 35 16233732
1998 Divalent cations inhibit IsK/KvLQT1 channels in excised membrane patches of strial marginal cells. Hearing research 35 9745964
1998 Adult KCNE1-knockout mice exhibit a mild cardiac cellular phenotype. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 34 9790991
2020 Gating and Regulation of KCNQ1 and KCNQ1 + KCNE1 Channel Complexes. Frontiers in physiology 33 32581825
2006 Characterization of recombinant human cardiac KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels (I (Ks)) stably expressed in HEK 293 cells. The Journal of membrane biology 33 16909339
1996 Cytoplasmic and extracellular IsK peptides activate endogenous K+ and Cl- channels in Xenopus oocytes. Evidence for regulatory function. The Journal of biological chemistry 32 8621512
1995 Molecular basis of IsK protein regulation by oxidation or chelation. The Journal of biological chemistry 32 7876101
2013 Involvement of the novel two-component NsrRS and LcrRS systems in distinct resistance pathways against nisin A and nukacin ISK-1 in Streptococcus mutans. Applied and environmental microbiology 31 23709506
2016 KCNE1 induces fenestration in the Kv7.1/KCNE1 channel complex that allows for highly specific pharmacological targeting. Nature communications 30 27731317
2015 Probing Structural Dynamics and Topology of the KCNE1 Membrane Protein in Lipid Bilayers via Site-Directed Spin Labeling and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Biochemistry 30 26418890
2012 Characterization of KCNQ1 atrial fibrillation mutations reveals distinct dependence on KCNE1. The Journal of general physiology 30 22250012
2011 Inhibition of the heterotetrameric K+ channel KCNQ1/KCNE1 by the AMP-activated protein kinase. Molecular membrane biology 30 21231794
2005 KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels during germ-cell differentiation in the rat: expression associated with testis pathologies. Journal of cellular physiology 30 15389592
2004 Characterization of a gene cluster of Staphylococcus warneri ISK-1 encoding the biosynthesis of and immunity to the lantibiotic, nukacin ISK-1. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 30 15322349
2000 A new spontaneous mouse mutation in the Kcne1 gene. Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society 30 11003695
1997 cAMP increases apical IsK channel current and K+ secretion in vestibular dark cells. The Journal of membrane biology 30 9070461
1995 Hypo-osmotic challenge stimulates transepithelial K+ secretion and activates apical IsK channel in vestibular dark cells. The Journal of membrane biology 30 8558592
2011 Working model for the structural basis for KCNE1 modulation of the KCNQ1 potassium channel. Current opinion in structural biology 29 21296569
2011 Post-translational N-glycosylation of type I transmembrane KCNE1 peptides: implications for membrane protein biogenesis and disease. The Journal of biological chemistry 29 21676880
1998 Conformation and ion-channeling activity of a 27-residue peptide modeled on the single-transmembrane segment of the IsK (minK) protein. Biochemistry 29 9609707
2024 High-throughput functional mapping of variants in an arrhythmia gene, KCNE1, reveals novel biology. Genome medicine 28 38816749
2012 KCNQ1 channels do not undergo concerted but sequential gating transitions in both the absence and the presence of KCNE1 protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 28 22908235
2007 Cooperative transport between NukFEG and NukH in immunity against the lantibiotic nukacin ISK-1 produced by Staphylococcus warneri ISK-1. Journal of bacteriology 28 17951378
2003 Characterization of a novel Long QT syndrome mutation G52R-KCNE1 in a Chinese family. Cardiovascular research 28 14499862
1994 Species variants of the IsK protein: differences in kinetics, voltage dependence, and La3+ block of the currents expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 28 8146016
2020 KCNE1 is an auxiliary subunit of two distinct ion channel superfamilies. Cell 27 33373586
2003 Swelling-activated chloride and potassium conductance in primary cultures of mouse proximal tubules. Implication of KCNE1 protein. The Journal of membrane biology 27 12962276
2011 KCNE1 and KCNE2 provide a checkpoint governing voltage-gated potassium channel α-subunit composition. Biophysical journal 25 21943417
2009 Mapping and identification of the region and secondary structure required for the maturation of the nukacin ISK-1 prepeptide. Peptides 25 19481127

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