Affinage

JTB

Protein JTB · UniProt O76095

Round 2 corrected
Length
146 aa
Mass
16.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
126 papers in source corpus 8 papers cited in narrative 8 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

JTB (Jumping Translocation Breakpoint) is a conserved, short-lived transmembrane protein that functions in mitotic progression and cell survival. During mitosis, JTB dynamically relocalizes from centrosomes to the spindle midzone and midbody, forms complexes with chromosomal passenger proteins Aurora A, Aurora B, survivin, and INCENP, and stimulates Aurora B kinase activity on histone H3; its depletion causes centrosome segregation defects, chromosome misalignment, failed cytokinesis, and polyploidy (PMID:21225229). JTB promotes cell survival by maintaining a low Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and confers resistance to UV-induced apoptosis, a protective function that is antagonized by direct interaction with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (PMID:19487072, PMID:23297497). The N-terminal ectodomain adopts a midkine-like three-β-strand antiparallel β-meander fold stabilized by disulfide bridges, and chromosomal translocations at the 1q21 locus can delete the transmembrane domain, potentially generating a soluble secreted form (PMID:10321732, PMID:22079049).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 6 steps
  1. 1999 High

    Identification of JTB as a novel transmembrane gene at 1q21 established the locus disrupted in jumping translocations and showed that breakpoints truncate the transmembrane domain, potentially generating an aberrant soluble product.

    Evidence Molecular cloning and positional mapping of jumping translocation breakpoints in a leukemia patient

    PMID:10321732

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional consequence of the truncation was demonstrated
    • Normal cellular role of the full-length protein was unknown
    • Expression pattern across normal tissues not characterized
  2. 2000 Medium

    Recognition that JTB (as PAR) is overexpressed in prostate cancer and carries myristoylation and PKC phosphorylation motifs suggested membrane-associated signaling roles and potential oncogenic relevance.

    Evidence Representational difference analysis, Northern blot, and RT-PCR in androgen-sensitive and -resistant prostate cancer lines

    PMID:10762645

    Open questions at the time
    • Predicted post-translational modifications not experimentally verified
    • Mechanism linking androgen regulation to JTB expression unknown
    • Functional significance of overexpression in cancer not tested
  3. 2009 Medium

    Demonstration that JTB directly binds HBsAg and that this interaction abolishes JTB's anti-apoptotic activity revealed a host–virus interface and established JTB as a pro-survival factor.

    Evidence Mammalian two-hybrid, co-IP, GST pull-down, and UV-apoptosis assay in 293FT cells

    PMID:19487072

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream signaling pathway mediating anti-apoptotic effect was not identified
    • Relevance to HBV pathogenesis in hepatocytes not examined
    • Endogenous interaction stoichiometry not determined
  4. 2011 High

    Solving the NMR structure of the JTB ectodomain revealed a midkine-like β-meander fold, providing the first structural framework and suggesting potential extracellular interaction capabilities for the truncated soluble form.

    Evidence NMR solution structure determination and structural homology analysis

    PMID:22079049

    Open questions at the time
    • No extracellular binding partner or ligand identified for the ectodomain
    • Functional consequence of the midkine-like fold not tested
    • Structure of the full-length transmembrane protein not determined
  5. 2011 High

    Discovery that JTB is a cell-cycle-regulated protein that peaks at G2/M, dynamically localizes to mitotic structures, complexes with chromosomal passenger proteins, and stimulates Aurora B kinase activity established its core mechanistic role in mitotic fidelity.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro Aurora B kinase assay on histone H3, immunofluorescence, siRNA knockdown with flow cytometry in DU145 cells

    PMID:21225229

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct versus scaffolding mechanism of Aurora B stimulation not distinguished
    • Whether JTB is a formal CPC subunit or an accessory factor is unclear
    • Structural basis for interaction with Aurora kinases not resolved
  6. 2012 Medium

    Linking JTB depletion to increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and enhanced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells defined the molecular axis through which JTB promotes survival, connecting its mitotic and anti-apoptotic functions.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, Western blot for Bcl-2 and Bax, flow cytometry for apoptosis and cell cycle in PC3 cells

    PMID:23297497

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether JTB directly regulates Bcl-2 transcription or protein stability is unknown
    • Relationship between G2/M arrest and Bcl-2/Bax modulation not mechanistically dissected
    • Findings from a single prostate cancer cell line

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include how JTB structurally engages the CPC and Aurora kinases, whether the truncated soluble ectodomain has signaling activity, and what upstream signals regulate JTB turnover at G2/M.
  • No reconstituted in vitro system for JTB-Aurora B activation
  • Physiological role of the ectodomain fold remains untested
  • In vivo knockout or transgenic models have not been reported

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 1 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 1
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2 GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center 1 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 2
Partners
AURKAAURKBBIRC5HBSAGINCENP

Evidence

Reading pass · 8 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1999 JTB (Jumping Translocation Breakpoint) was identified as a novel gene at chromosomal locus 1q21 that encodes a transmembrane protein highly conserved across eukaryotic species. In a case of jumping translocation (JT), JTB fuses with telomeric repeats of acceptor telomeres, producing a truncated product devoid of the transmembrane domain. The gene resides in the Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC) gene-rich region at 1q21. Molecular cloning, positional mapping, sequence analysis of jumping translocation breakpoints Oncogene High 10321732
2000 The PAR gene (identical to JTB) encodes a 146-amino acid protein with sequence motifs for myristoylation and phosphorylation by protein kinase C, suggesting membrane association and post-translational regulation. PAR/JTB was found to be overexpressed in prostate carcinoma cell lines and downregulated by androgens in androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) but not androgen-resistant prostate cancer cells. Representational difference analysis, cDNA sequencing, Northern blot, RT-PCR, sequence motif analysis International journal of oncology Medium 10762645
2009 JTB protein interacts directly with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), specifically via the S region of HBsAg. Overexpression of JTB conferred resistance to ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis in 293FT cells, but co-overexpression of HBsAg compromised this protective effect, suggesting HBsAg sequesters JTB's anti-apoptotic function. Mammalian two-hybrid assay, co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down, laser scanning confocal microscopy, UV-induced apoptosis assay Cancer letters Medium 19487072
2011 The NMR solution structure of the N-terminal ectodomain of human JTB was determined, revealing a fold architecture that is a new variant of a three-β-strand antiparallel β-meander. The JTB ectodomain has a distant structural relationship to the midkine/pleiotrophin fold, particularly in distinctive disulfide bridge patterns, suggesting potential involvement in protein–protein or extracellular matrix interactions. Translocations at the JTB locus produce a truncated gene potentially encoding a soluble secreted ectodomain. NMR spectroscopy, structural determination, sequence/structural comparison Journal of molecular biology High 22079049
2011 PAR/JTB protein is a short-lived protein that peaks in expression during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and exhibits dynamic subcellular localization during mitosis: it localizes to centrosomes during prophase and metaphase, moves to the spindle midzone in anaphase, and concentrates at the midbody during telophase and cytokinesis. PAR/JTB forms complexes with Aurora A, survivin, Aurora B, and INCENP (chromosomal passenger proteins), colocalizes with Aurora A at centrosomes and with survivin at the midbody, and increases Aurora B kinase activity on histone H3. Depletion of PAR in DU145 cells caused defects in centrosome segregation, failed cytokinesis, chromosome misalignment, polyploidy, and increased apoptosis. Immunofluorescence microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay (Aurora B on histone H3), siRNA knockdown, flow cytometry International journal of oncology High 21225229
2012 Knockdown of PAR/JTB expression by siRNA in human prostate cancer PC3 cells increased G2/M phase arrest and enhanced apoptosis. Mechanistically, PAR depletion decreased Bcl-2 expression, increased Bax expression, and elevated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, indicating JTB promotes cell survival at least partly through modulation of the Bcl-2/Bax apoptotic balance. siRNA knockdown, MTT proliferation assay, flow cytometry (cell cycle/apoptosis), Western blot (Bcl-2, Bax) Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology Medium 23297497
2021 Affinity-purification mass spectrometry (BioPlex 3.0) identified JTB as part of the human protein interactome in 293T cells, revealing physical interaction partners in the context of proteome-scale interaction mapping. JTB interactions were detected among the 118,162 interactions mapped across 14,586 proteins. Affinity-purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS), proteome-scale interaction network Cell Low 33961781
2022 OpenCell endogenous tagging and confocal live-cell imaging localized JTB protein to a specific subcellular compartment in human cells, contributing to the cartography of human cellular organization. The localization data for JTB were derived from genome-engineered cells expressing endogenously tagged JTB. Genome engineering (endogenous tagging), confocal live-cell imaging, mass spectrometry Science Low 35271311

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 126 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2015 Gene essentiality and synthetic lethality in haploid human cells. Science (New York, N.Y.) 657 26472760
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2012 On PAR with PARP: cellular stress signaling through poly(ADP-ribose) and PARP-1. Genes & development 618 22391446
2007 The PAR proteins: fundamental players in animal cell polarization. Developmental cell 602 17981131
2006 Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymer is a death signal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 553 17116882
1997 Interactions of mast cell tryptase with thrombin receptors and PAR-2. The Journal of biological chemistry 510 9020112
2003 The Par complex directs asymmetric cell division by phosphorylating the cytoskeletal protein Lgl. Nature 453 12629552
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2003 Drosophila PAR-1 and 14-3-3 inhibit Bazooka/PAR-3 to establish complementary cortical domains in polarized cells. Cell 343 14675534
2001 Antagonistic role of E4BP4 and PAR proteins in the circadian oscillatory mechanism. Genes & development 332 11316793
2007 Numb controls integrin endocytosis for directional cell migration with aPKC and PAR-3. Developmental cell 292 17609107
2011 A directed protein interaction network for investigating intracellular signal transduction. Science signaling 258 21900206
1999 PAR-6 is a conserved PDZ domain-containing protein that colocalizes with PAR-3 in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Development (Cambridge, England) 252 9834192
2004 Role of the PAR-3-KIF3 complex in the establishment of neuronal polarity. Nature cell biology 232 15048131
2004 Atypical PKC phosphorylates PAR-1 kinases to regulate localization and activity. Current biology : CB 228 15084291
2004 The loss of circadian PAR bZip transcription factors results in epilepsy. Genes & development 217 15175240
2010 Rho-kinase directs Bazooka/Par-3 planar polarity during Drosophila axis elongation. Developmental cell 212 20833361
2011 Toward an understanding of the protein interaction network of the human liver. Molecular systems biology 207 21988832
2001 PAR-1 is a Dishevelled-associated kinase and a positive regulator of Wnt signalling. Nature cell biology 205 11433294
2009 The tumor suppressor Par-4 activates an extrinsic pathway for apoptosis. Cell 192 19632185
2003 Physical and functional interaction between DNA ligase IIIalpha and poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase 1 in DNA single-strand break repair. Molecular and cellular biology 188 12897160
2006 The polarity protein PAR-3 and TIAM1 cooperate in dendritic spine morphogenesis. Nature cell biology 178 16474385
2011 Identification of RNA-protein interaction networks using PAR-CLIP. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA 172 22213601
2009 Basement membrane proteoglycans: modulators Par Excellence of cancer growth and angiogenesis. Molecules and cells 172 19466598
2000 Cloning and functional analysis of cDNAs with open reading frames for 300 previously undefined genes expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Genome research 161 11042152
2004 C. elegans PAR proteins function by mobilizing and stabilizing asymmetrically localized protein complexes. Current biology : CB 153 15186741
2019 The Enigmatic Function of PARP1: From PARylation Activity to PAR Readers. Cells 139 31842403
2009 Interaction between PAR-3 and the aPKC-PAR-6 complex is indispensable for apical domain development of epithelial cells. Journal of cell science 135 19401335
2011 Interactions of pathological hallmark proteins: tubulin polymerization promoting protein/p25, beta-amyloid, and alpha-synuclein. The Journal of biological chemistry 131 21832049
2011 Elaborating polarity: PAR proteins and the cytoskeleton. Development (Cambridge, England) 127 21303844
2017 aPKC Cycles between Functionally Distinct PAR Protein Assemblies to Drive Cell Polarity. Developmental cell 125 28781174
2006 Stabilization of cell polarity by the C. elegans RING protein PAR-2. Developmental cell 121 16459299
2002 E4BP4/NFIL3, a PAR-related bZIP factor with many roles. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 120 12386933
2008 The PAR-6 polarity protein regulates dendritic spine morphogenesis through p190 RhoGAP and the Rho GTPase. Developmental cell 119 18267090
2017 A Single-Cell Biochemistry Approach Reveals PAR Complex Dynamics during Cell Polarization. Developmental cell 114 28829947
2007 Toward a confocal subcellular atlas of the human proteome. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 114 18029348
2005 Binding and phosphorylation of par-4 by akt is essential for cancer cell survival. Molecular cell 113 16209943
2017 The PAR proteins: from molecular circuits to dynamic self-stabilizing cell polarity. Development (Cambridge, England) 110 28974638
2004 Requirement for Par-6 and Bazooka in Drosophila border cell migration. Development (Cambridge, England) 108 15456726
2005 Par-4 links dopamine signaling and depression. Cell 106 16051151
2003 Role and regulation of the thrombin receptor (PAR-1) in human melanoma. Oncogene 105 12789289
2003 Apoptosis by Par-4 in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Experimental cell research 101 12565819
2017 Mammalian APE1 controls miRNA processing and its interactome is linked to cancer RNA metabolism. Nature communications 99 28986522
2015 Colon Cancer Growth and Dissemination Relies upon Thrombin, Stromal PAR-1, and Fibrinogen. Cancer research 98 26238780
2010 ASPP2 binds Par-3 and controls the polarity and proliferation of neural progenitors during CNS development. Developmental cell 97 20619750
2020 Systematic mapping of genetic interactions for de novo fatty acid synthesis identifies C12orf49 as a regulator of lipid metabolism. Nature metabolism 92 32694731
2007 Cooperative roles of Par-3 and afadin in the formation of adherens and tight junctions. Journal of cell science 89 17606991
2005 Phosphorylation of Par-4 by protein kinase A is critical for apoptosis. Molecular and cellular biology 89 15657440
2007 Acto-myosin reorganization and PAR polarity in C. elegans. Development (Cambridge, England) 88 17287245
2004 An overview of the KIN1/PAR-1/MARK kinase family. Biology of the cell 85 15182702
2006 par genes and the pathology of chromosome loss in Vibrio cholerae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 81 17197419
2003 Positional mapping for amplified DNA sequences on 1q21-q22 in hepatocellular carcinoma indicates candidate genes over-expression. Journal of hepatology 77 12586295
2005 PAR proteins and the establishment of cell polarity during C. elegans development. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 76 15666355
2015 Establishment of Par-Polarized Cortical Domains via Phosphoregulated Membrane Motifs. Developmental cell 75 26481050
2006 A distinct PAR complex associates physically with VE-cadherin in vertebrate endothelial cells. EMBO reports 75 17057644
2001 Bazooka and PAR-6 are required with PAR-1 for the maintenance of oocyte fate in Drosophila. Current biology : CB 75 11516655
2009 Protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR 4): a role as inhibitor of visceral pain and hypersensitivity. Neurogastroenterology and motility 73 19413681
2008 EphrinB1 controls cell-cell junctions through the Par polarity complex. Nature cell biology 73 18604196
2013 Principles of PAR polarity in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology 72 23594951
2013 The PAR network: redundancy and robustness in a symmetry-breaking system. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 70 24062581
2019 Thrombin Signaling Promotes Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma through PAR-1-Dependent Immune Evasion. Cancer research 68 31048498
2017 Plant-derived phosphocholine facilitates cellular uptake of anti-pulmonary fibrotic HJT-sRNA-m7. Science China. Life sciences 68 28378154
2010 Cancer-selective apoptotic effects of extracellular and intracellular Par-4. Oncogene 67 20440265
2009 RalA and the exocyst complex influence neuronal polarity through PAR-3 and aPKC. Journal of cell science 65 19383721
2000 Factor Xa activates endothelial cells by a receptor cascade between EPR-1 and PAR-2. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 63 11073863
2006 The aPKC-PAR-6-PAR-3 cell polarity complex localizes to the centrosome attracting body, a macroscopic cortical structure responsible for asymmetric divisions in the early ascidian embryo. Journal of cell science 60 16569661
2010 ASPP2 regulates epithelial cell polarity through the PAR complex. Current biology : CB 58 20619648
2007 The Par-1/MARK family of protein kinases: from polarity to metabolism. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 58 17721078
2004 Baz, Par-6 and aPKC are not required for axon or dendrite specification in Drosophila. Nature neuroscience 58 15543144
2014 Quantitative proteomics analysis reveals similar release profiles following specific PAR-1 or PAR-4 stimulation of platelets. Cardiovascular research 56 24776597
2011 Drosophila tao controls mushroom body development and ethanol-stimulated behavior through par-1. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 54 21248138
2008 Par-4 inhibits Akt and suppresses Ras-induced lung tumorigenesis. The EMBO journal 54 18650932
1996 A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction. Analytical biochemistry 53 8619474
2006 The angiopoietin pathway is modulated by PAR-1 activation on human endothelial progenitor cells. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 52 16803467
2008 PAR-1 kinase regulates epithelial detachment and directional protrusion of migrating border cells. Current biology : CB 51 18976916
2012 Mechanisms of apoptosis by the tumor suppressor Par-4. Journal of cellular physiology 49 22552839
2006 Induction of IL-6 release from human T cells by PAR-1 and PAR-2 agonists. Immunology and cell biology 49 16869943
2014 Phosphorylation of LKB1/Par-4 establishes Schwann cell polarity to initiate and control myelin extent. Nature communications 48 25255972
2005 GSK-3beta directly phosphorylates and activates MARK2/PAR-1. The Journal of biological chemistry 48 16257959
1999 Par-4: an emerging pivotal player in neuronal apoptosis and neurodegenerative disorders. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 48 10691289
2010 Expression of proteinase-activated receptor 1-4 (PAR 1-4) in human cancer. Journal of molecular histology 46 20563836
2019 Rewiring of the Human Mitochondrial Interactome during Neuronal Reprogramming Reveals Regulators of the Respirasome and Neurogenesis. iScience 45 31536960
1997 Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing. Genome research 45 9110174
2008 Antagonistic effects of doublecortin and MARK2/Par-1 in the developing cerebral cortex. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 44 19036994
2008 The horse pseudoautosomal region (PAR): characterization and comparison with the human, chimp and mouse PARs. Cytogenetic and genome research 43 18544933
1999 JTB: a novel membrane protein gene at 1q21 rearranged in a jumping translocation. Oncogene 43 10321732
2016 Regulation of Cell Polarity by PAR-1/MARK Kinase. Current topics in developmental biology 40 28236972
2009 Proteinase activated receptor (PAR) involvement in mediating arthritis pain and inflammation. Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] 40 19184346
2017 PAR-TERRA directs homologous sex chromosome pairing. Nature structural & molecular biology 39 28692038
2011 NAD+ depletion or PAR polymer formation: which plays the role of executioner in ischaemic cell death? Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) 38 21091637
2008 Emerging roles of PAR-1 and PAFR in melanoma metastasis. Cancer microenvironment : official journal of the International Cancer Microenvironment Society 38 19308689
2005 Thrombin and PAR-1-AP increase proinflammatory cytokine expression in C6 cells. The Journal of surgical research 38 16143343
2022 Mice expressing fluorescent PAR2 reveal that endocytosis mediates colonic inflammation and pain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 37 35110404
2006 Expression of protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) in gastric cancer. Journal of surgical oncology 37 16425301
2019 PARP-1 activity (PAR) determines the sensitivity of cervical cancer to olaparib. Gynecologic oncology 33 31434613
2015 Regulation of epithelial cell polarity by PAR-3 depends on Girdin transcription and Girdin-Gαi3 signaling. Journal of cell science 33 25977476
2010 Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)) in human periodontitis. Journal of dental research 33 20530726
2015 Proteases in agricultural dust induce lung inflammation through PAR-1 and PAR-2 activation. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 32 26092994
2005 Regulation of cancer cell survival by Par-4. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 31 16382046
2015 PAR-4 and anillin regulate myosin to coordinate spindle and furrow position during asymmetric division. The Journal of cell biology 30 26416962
2008 Apoptosis and tumor resistance conferred by Par-4. Cancer biology & therapy 30 18836307
2000 The ribosome--a macromolecular machine par excellence. Chemistry & biology 30 10873840
2020 The PAR-1 antagonist vorapaxar ameliorates kidney injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Clinical science (London, England : 1979) 29 33078834
2019 HIV-1 Tat promotes astrocytic release of CCL2 through MMP/PAR-1 signaling. Glia 29 31124192
2022 Genome-wide CRISPR screens using isogenic cells reveal vulnerabilities conferred by loss of tumor suppressors. Science advances 28 35559673
2014 Canonical and noncanonical roles of Par-1/MARK kinases in cell migration. International review of cell and molecular biology 28 25262242
2008 Par-4 binds to topoisomerase 1 and attenuates its DNA relaxation activity. Cancer research 28 18676842
2007 PAR-3 and PAR-1 inhibit LET-99 localization to generate a cortical band important for spindle positioning in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Molecular biology of the cell 28 17761536
2015 Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 is required for PAR-1 signalling in pulmonary fibrosis. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 27 25689283
2003 Human corneal epithelial cells express functional PAR-1 and PAR-2. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 27 12506061
2022 A particle size threshold governs diffusion and segregation of PAR-3 during cell polarization. Cell reports 26 35417695
2020 A Conserved PDZ-Binding Motif in aPKC Interacts with Par-3 and Mediates Cortical Polarity. Current biology : CB 26 32084408
2000 The two-receptor system PAR-1/PAR-4 mediates alpha-thrombin-induced [Ca(2+)](i) mobilization in human astrocytoma cells. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 26 10664248
2015 Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Mediates PAR-Induced Bladder Pain. PloS one 25 26020638
2021 Par-3 family proteins in cell polarity & adhesion. The FEBS journal 24 33565714
2017 Protein clustering for cell polarity: Par-3 as a paradigm. F1000Research 24 29026528
2000 PAR, a novel androgen regulated gene, ubiquitously expressed in normal and malignant cells. International journal of oncology 21 10762645
2011 PAR, a protein involved in the cell cycle, is functionally related to chromosomal passenger proteins. International journal of oncology 12 21225229
2016 Jumping translocations in myelodysplastic syndromes. Cancer genetics 9 27751357
2009 Interacting with HBsAg compromises resistance of jumping translocation breakpoint protein to ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis in 293FT cells. Cancer letters 9 19487072
2011 The structure of the extracellular domain of the jumping translocation breakpoint protein reveals a variation of the midkine fold. Journal of molecular biology 5 22079049
2025 Knockdown of SUCLG2 inhibits glioblastoma proliferation and promotes apoptosis through LMNA acetylation and the mediation of H4K16la lactylation. Cell death discovery 1 41249152
2012 [Downregulation of PAR expression induces the apoptosis of human prostate cancer PC3 cells and increases the Bcl-2/Bax ratio]. Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology 1 23297497