Affinage

ITLN1

Intelectin-1 · UniProt Q8WWA0

Length
313 aa
Mass
35.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 6 papers cited in narrative 6 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ITLN1 (intelectin-1) is a secreted, Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate-binding lectin that functions in mucosal innate immune defense, with intestinal expression localized to human goblet cells and mouse Paneth cells (PMID:34145348, PMID:36072603). Its lectin activity is direct and microbe-directed: the teleost ortholog binds bacterial pathogens in a Ca2+-dependent manner, restricts their growth and dissemination in vivo, and dampens pro-inflammatory cytokine output through MyD88-dependent signaling (PMID:31626818). Genetic reduction of Itln1 in mice increases susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis, establishing a protective role in intestinal mucosal defense (PMID:36072603). In cancer, ITLN1 acts as a tumor suppressor: it limits ovarian cancer cell invasion and proliferation by downregulating MMP1 and shifting tumor cell metabolism (PMID:32669559), and in colorectal carcinoma it suppresses IL-17D and CXCL2 production via KEAP1/Nrf2/ROS and p65 NF-κB cascades downstream of PI3K/AKT/GSK3β, thereby inhibiting tumor neovascularization and MDSC accumulation (PMID:34363021). In the context of intestinal inflammation, ITLN1 binds and stabilizes calpain-2 (CAPN2) by competing with and antagonizing TRIM8-mediated ubiquitin-dependent degradation, and through this ITLN1–TRIM8–CAPN2 axis drives ZBP1-dependent PANoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, promoting inflammation and impairing tight junctions (PMID:40520022). A Crohn's-associated V109D missense variant does not alter glycan binding or oligomerization, and disease-linked SNPs do not change ITLN1 abundance (PMID:34145348).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 6 steps
  1. 2019 Medium

    Establishing that intelectin acts as a direct, Ca2+-dependent antibacterial lectin defined its core molecular activity in innate immunity rather than leaving it as a presumed pattern-recognition role.

    Evidence Recombinant teleost ortholog binding and bacteriostatic assays with Ca2+ dependency, plus in vivo bacterial challenge and cytokine measurement

    PMID:31626818

    Open questions at the time
    • Demonstrated in a fish ortholog, not human ITLN1
    • Glycan target specificity for these bacteria not resolved
    • Mechanism linking lectin binding to MyD88 attenuation unclear
  2. 2021 Medium

    Linking ITLN1 to MMP1 suppression and metabolic reprogramming showed it is a functional tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer, not merely a biomarker.

    Evidence Cell invasion assays, MMP1 expression analysis, metabolic flux assays, and ITLN1-treated xenograft mouse models

    PMID:32669559

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular link between ITLN1 and MMP1 regulation undefined
    • Receptor or binding partner mediating the anti-invasive effect unknown
    • Single lab
  3. 2021 Medium

    Placing ITLN1 upstream of IL-17D/CXCL2 via PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling defined the pathway through which it limits tumor angiogenesis and immunosuppressive cell recruitment.

    Evidence Orthotopic/subcutaneous xenografts, bone marrow chimeras, flow cytometry, and PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) rescue

    PMID:34363021

    Open questions at the time
    • How secreted ITLN1 engages the PI3K cascade not identified
    • No direct ITLN1 receptor characterized
    • Confined to colorectal models
  4. 2021 Medium

    Testing the Crohn's-associated V109D variant and locus SNPs ruled out altered glycan recognition or expression as the disease mechanism, redirecting attention away from binding/abundance defects.

    Evidence β-D-galactofuranose glycan-binding assay, oligomerization analysis, and genotype-stratified intestinal expression profiling

    PMID:34145348

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of V109D, if any, remains unidentified
    • Negative results do not establish the actual disease-relevant mechanism
  5. 2022 Medium

    Genetic loss-of-function in mice established that Itln1 contributes causally to intestinal mucosal defense and revealed a species difference in cellular source (Paneth vs goblet cells).

    Evidence Hypomorphic Itln1 knockout mouse with DSS-induced colitis and disease activity scoring

    PMID:36072603

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular effectors downstream of Itln1 in colitis protection not defined
    • Relevance of Paneth-cell localization to human goblet-cell biology unclear
  6. 2025 Medium

    Identifying ITLN1 as a CAPN2-binding protein that antagonizes TRIM8-mediated degradation revealed an intracellular, ubiquitin-regulated mechanism by which ITLN1 drives epithelial PANoptosis, contrasting with its protective extracellular lectin role.

    Evidence Co-IP/MS, RNA-seq, knockdown/overexpression rescue, and IL-10 KO colitis model with shRNA-ITLN1

    PMID:40520022

    Open questions at the time
    • Reconciliation of pro-death intracellular role with protective extracellular role unresolved
    • Reciprocal validation and structural basis of ITLN1-CAPN2/TRIM8 binding not established
    • Single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The receptor or surface interaction through which secreted ITLN1 transmits its tumor-suppressive and immunomodulatory signaling remains unidentified.
  • No ITLN1 cell-surface receptor characterized
  • How an extracellular lectin engages intracellular CAPN2/TRIM8 is unexplained
  • Glycan ligand repertoire for human ITLN1 not fully defined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 3
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 1 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 1
Partners
CAPN2TRIM8

Evidence

Reading pass · 6 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2021 ITLN1 suppresses lactotransferrin-driven ovarian cancer cell invasion and proliferation by decreasing MMP1 expression, and induces a metabolic shift in metastatic ovarian cancer cells. In vivo, ITLN1-treated tumor-bearing mice showed marked decreases in tumor growth rates. Cell invasion assays, MMP1 expression analysis (Western blot/qPCR), metabolic flux assays, and xenograft mouse models with ITLN1 treatment Nature communications Medium 32669559
2021 ITLN1 inhibits tumor neovascularization and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) accumulation in colorectal carcinoma by suppressing tumor-derived IL-17D and CXCL2 through the KEAP1/Nrf2/ROS/IL-17D and p65 NF-κB/CXCL2 signaling cascades, both dependent on PI3K/AKT/GSK3β; this was reversed by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Orthotopic and subcutaneous xenograft tumor models, bone marrow transplantation chimera experiments, Western blot, ELISA, flow cytometry, PI3K inhibitor rescue experiments Oncogene Medium 34363021
2021 The ITLN1 missense variant V109D does not influence ITLN1 glycan binding to β-D-galactofuranose or protein oligomerization, and neither ITLN1 mRNA nor protein abundance in intestinal tissue (goblet-cell derived) is altered by Crohn's disease-associated SNPs at the ITLN1 locus. Glycan-binding assay (β-D-galactofuranose), protein oligomerization analysis, intestinal tissue expression profiling by genotype Scientific reports Medium 34145348
2022 In C57BL/6 mice, Itln1 is expressed in Paneth cells of the small intestine (in contrast to human ITLN1 which localizes to goblet cells). Mice with ~10,000-fold reduced Itln1 expression showed increased susceptibility in an acute DSS-induced colitis model, indicating Itln1 contributes to intestinal mucosal defense. Knockout mouse model (hypomorphic trapping allele), mRNA and protein expression analysis, DSS-induced colitis model with disease activity scoring Frontiers in immunology Medium 36072603
2019 Fish ortholog WR-ITLN (teleost intelectin) binds directly to Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae in a Ca2+-dependent manner, reduces relative bacterial activity, limits bacterial growth in vitro, restricts bacterial dissemination in vivo, and attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine production via MyD88-dependent pathways. Recombinant protein purification, direct bacterial binding assay, in vitro bacteriostatic assay with Ca2+ dependency, in vivo bacterial challenge model, cytokine measurement Developmental and comparative immunology Medium 31626818
2025 ITLN1 binds to calpain-2 (CAPN2) and enhances its protein stability by antagonizing TRIM8-mediated ubiquitination degradation of CAPN2. Through this ITLN1-TRIM8-CAPN2 axis, ITLN1 drives ZBP1-dependent PANoptosis (combined pyroptosis/apoptosis/necroptosis) in intestinal epithelial cells, promotes inflammation, and impairs tight junctions. ITLN1 also binds TRIM8 directly, competing with CAPN2-TRIM8 interaction. Co-immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry, RNA-seq, in vitro knockdown/overexpression rescue experiments, IL-10 KO colitis mouse model with shRNA-ITLN1 knockdown International journal of biological sciences Medium 40520022

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1998 HL-1 cells: a cardiac muscle cell line that contracts and retains phenotypic characteristics of the adult cardiomyocyte. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1311 9501201
2004 Cardiac physiology at the cellular level: use of cultured HL-1 cardiomyocytes for studies of cardiac muscle cell structure and function. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 343 14766671
2014 H9c2 and HL-1 cells demonstrate distinct features of energy metabolism, mitochondrial function and sensitivity to hypoxia-reoxygenation. Biochimica et biophysica acta 199 25450968
2006 Heat shock protein upregulation protects against pacing-induced myolysis in HL-1 atrial myocytes and in human atrial fibrillation. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 113 16876820
1999 Hypoxia regulates the expression of the adrenomedullin and HIF-1 genes in cultured HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 96 10558876
2006 Proapoptotic BCL-2 family members and mitochondrial dysfunction during ischemia/reperfusion injury, a study employing cardiac HL-1 cells and GFP biosensors. Biochimica et biophysica acta 90 16730326
2007 Angiotensin II increases expression of alpha1C subunit of L-type calcium channel through a reactive oxygen species and cAMP response element-binding protein-dependent pathway in HL-1 myocytes. Circulation research 84 17463319
2002 Functional expression of the hyperpolarization-activated, non-selective cation current I(f) in immortalized HL-1 cardiomyocytes. The Journal of physiology 77 12433951
2011 Antiapoptotic effects of GLP-1 in murine HL-1 cardiomyocytes. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 74 21278133
2011 Mitochondria-cytoskeleton interaction: distribution of β-tubulins in cardiomyocytes and HL-1 cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta 67 21296049
2011 PKC-dependent coupling of calcium permeation through transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) to calcineurin signaling in HL-1 myocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 67 21653882
2006 Distinct effects of short- and long-term leptin treatment on glucose and fatty acid uptake and metabolism in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Metabolism: clinical and experimental 60 16839843
2006 Different kinetics of the regulation of respiration in permeabilized cardiomyocytes and in HL-1 cardiac cells. Importance of cell structure/organization for respiration regulation. Biochimica et biophysica acta 60 17084805
2004 Hypoxia regulates the adenosine transporter, mENT1, in the murine cardiomyocyte cell line, HL-1. Cardiovascular research 59 14985075
2020 ITLN1 modulates invasive potential and metabolic reprogramming of ovarian cancer cells in omental microenvironment. Nature communications 51 32669559
2001 Endothelin-1 induces phosphorylation of GATA-4 transcription factor in the HL-1 atrial-muscle cell line. The Biochemical journal 51 11583584
2015 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Urate-Induced Enhancement of Kv1.5 Channel Expression in HL-1 Atrial Myocytes. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 49 26477273
2013 Cross-talk between mineralocorticoid receptor/angiotensin II type 1 receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways underlies aldosterone-induced atrial fibrotic responses in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. International journal of cardiology 48 24120080
2012 NOX4-Dependent Hydrogen Peroxide Overproduction in Human Atrial Fibrillation and HL-1 Atrial Cells: Relationship to Hypertension. Frontiers in physiology 48 22679437
2008 Distinct organization of energy metabolism in HL-1 cardiac cell line and cardiomyocytes. Biochimica et biophysica acta 46 18423391
2011 Store-operated calcium entry is present in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and contributes to resting calcium. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 45 22079292
2008 Renin-angiotensin system component expression in the HL-1 atrial cell line and in a pig model of atrial fibrillation. Journal of hypertension 44 18300870
2004 Functional expression of L- and T-type Ca2+ channels in murine HL-1 cells. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 44 14734053
2012 The actions of mdivi-1, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission, on rapidly activating delayed-rectifier K⁺ current and membrane potential in HL-1 murine atrial cardiomyocytes. European journal of pharmacology 42 22374256
2010 Leptin regulates MMP-2, TIMP-1 and collagen synthesis via p38 MAPK in HL-1 murine cardiomyocytes. Cellular & molecular biology letters 42 20683677
2013 Regulation of autophagy and apoptosis in response to angiotensin II in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 41 24099770
2016 ZFHX3 knockdown increases arrhythmogenesis and dysregulates calcium homeostasis in HL-1 atrial myocytes. International journal of cardiology 39 26930642
2015 cAMP induces hypertrophy and alters DNA methylation in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 38 26224577
2014 Characterisation of connexin expression and electrophysiological properties in stable clones of the HL-1 myocyte cell line. PloS one 38 24587307
2014 Iron overload and apoptosis of HL-1 cardiomyocytes: effects of calcium channel blockade. PloS one 38 25390893
2012 Reduction of STAT3 expression induces mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy in cardiac HL-1 cells. European journal of cell biology 38 23102833
2019 C-reactive protein promotes inflammation through TLR4/NF-κB/TGF-β pathway in HL-1 cells. Bioscience reports 37 31391207
2014 Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Experimental physiology 37 24951501
2011 Doxorubicin increases oxidative metabolism in HL-1 cardiomyocytes as shown by 13C metabolic flux analysis. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 37 22048646
2017 Angiotensin II affects inflammation mechanisms via AMPK-related signalling pathways in HL-1 atrial myocytes. Scientific reports 36 28871102
2008 Aldosterone induces cardiotrophin-1 expression in HL-1 adult cardiomyocytes. Endocrinology 36 18566129
2016 Glucagon-like peptide-1 regulates calcium homeostasis and electrophysiological activities of HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Peptides 33 26930508
2009 Heme oxygenase-1 inhibits pro-oxidant induced hypertrophy in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 33 19244544
2004 Post-translational modifications of tubulin and microtubule stability in adult rat ventricular myocytes and immortalized HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 33 15030168
2013 Silencing of desmoplakin decreases connexin43/Nav1.5 expression and sodium current in HL‑1 cardiomyocytes. Molecular medicine reports 32 23877755
2014 FGF-23 dysregulates calcium homeostasis and electrophysiological properties in HL-1 atrial cells. European journal of clinical investigation 31 24942561
2011 ZnT-1 protects HL-1 cells from simulated ischemia-reperfusion through activation of Ras-ERK signaling. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) 31 22193398
2021 Role of the ROS-JNK Signaling Pathway in Hypoxia-Induced Atrial Fibrotic Responses in HL-1 Cardiomyocytes. International journal of molecular sciences 30 33806765
2017 Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals Cause Apoptosis in HL-1 Cardiomyocytes. Cardiovascular toxicology 30 27052339
2020 Apelin-13 regulates angiotensin ii-induced Cx43 downregulation and autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in HL-1 cells. Physiological research 27 32901500
2018 TWEAK/Fn14 mediates atrial-derived HL-1 myocytes hypertrophy via JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 26 29971943
2016 Colchicine modulates calcium homeostasis and electrical property of HL-1 cells. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 26 26928894
2016 MitoNEET Protects HL-1 Cardiomyocytes from Oxidative Stress Mediated Apoptosis in an In Vitro Model of Hypoxia and Reoxygenation. PloS one 26 27243905
2014 Investigating mitochondrial metabolism in contracting HL-1 cardiomyocytes following hypoxia and pharmacological HIF activation identifies HIF-dependent and independent mechanisms of regulation. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics 26 24607765
2021 ITLN1 inhibits tumor neovascularization and myeloid derived suppressor cells accumulation in colorectal carcinoma. Oncogene 25 34363021
2021 Human intelectin-1 (ITLN1) genetic variation and intestinal expression. Scientific reports 24 34145348
2019 Microvesicles Derived from Human Embryonic Neural Stem Cells Inhibit the Apoptosis of HL-1 Cardiomyocytes by Promoting Autophagy and Regulating AKT and mTOR via Transporting HSP-70. Stem cells international 24 31772588
2017 Identification of murine phosphodiesterase 5A isoforms and their functional characterization in HL-1 cardiac cell line. Journal of cellular physiology 24 28247930
2012 Regulation of apoptosis in HL-1 cardiomyocytes by phosphorylation of the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 and protection by lithocholic acid. British journal of pharmacology 24 22845314
2009 Nuclear targeting of FBPase in HL-1 cells is controlled by beta-1 adrenergic receptor-activated Gs protein signaling cascade. Biochimica et biophysica acta 24 19250949
2015 The ER stress-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and MAPKs modulate tachypacing-induced apoptosis in HL-1 atrial myocytes. PloS one 23 25689866
2014 AKT1 and AKT2 induce distinct phosphorylation patterns in HL-1 cardiac myocytes. Journal of proteome research 23 25162660
2013 Distinct effects of methamphetamine on autophagy-lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome systems in HL-1 cultured mouse atrial cardiomyocytes. Toxicology 23 23933405
2011 Transcriptional activation of the anchoring protein SAP97 by heat shock factor (HSF)-1 stabilizes K(v) 1.5 channels in HL-1 cells. British journal of pharmacology 23 21232033
2005 Attenuation of oxidative stress in HL-1 cardiomyocytes improves mitochondrial function and stabilizes Hif-1alpha. Free radical research 23 16298857
2000 Alpha-1 adrenergic signaling in a cardiac murine atrial myocyte (HL-1) cell line. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 23 11195782
2012 Promoter DNA methylation regulates murine SUR1 (Abcc8) and SUR2 (Abcc9) expression in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. PloS one 22 22844491
2005 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis in HL-1 cells and neonatal rat cardiocytes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 22 15694378
2022 The Beneficial Effect of Carvacrol in HL-1 Cardiomyocytes Treated with LPS-G: Anti-Inflammatory Pathway Investigations. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 21 35204269
2018 Activation of voltage-gated sodium current and inhibition of erg-mediated potassium current caused by telmisartan, an antagonist of angiotensin II type-1 receptor, in HL-1 atrial cardiomyocytes. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 21 29617054
2009 HL-1 mouse cardiomyocyte injury and death after simulated ischemia and reperfusion: roles of pH, Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2, and Na+/H+ exchange. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 21 19261908
2000 The MRE11-NBS1-RAD50 pathway is perturbed in SV40 large T antigen-immortalized AT-1, AT-2 and HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Nucleic acids research 21 10908350
2012 Murine atrial HL-1 cell line is a reliable model to study drug metabolizing enzymes in the heart. Vascular pharmacology 20 23268359
2003 HL-1 myocytes exhibit PKC and K(ATP) channel-dependent delta opioid preconditioning. The Journal of surgical research 20 14559445
2019 A small-molecule LF3 abrogates β-catenin/TCF4-mediated suppression of NaV1.5 expression in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 19 31419437
2012 Phosphoinositide-3-kinase/akt - dependent signaling is required for maintenance of [Ca(2+)](i), I(Ca), and Ca(2+) transients in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Journal of biomedical science 19 22715995
2023 Functional coupling between Piezo1 and TRPM4 influences the electrical activity of HL-1 atrial myocytes. The Journal of physiology 18 38098265
2018 Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases Induces K+ Channel Remodeling and Action Potential Prolongation in HL-1 Atrial Cardiomyocytes. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 18 30134221
2017 Uncovering the arrhythmogenic potential of TRPM4 activation in atrial-derived HL-1 cells using novel recording and numerical approaches. Cardiovascular research 18 28898995
2013 9-Phenanthrol and flufenamic acid inhibit calcium oscillations in HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes. Cell calcium 18 23831210
2012 Ranolazine inhibits shear sensitivity of endogenous Na+ current and spontaneous action potentials in HL-1 cells. Channels (Austin, Tex.) 18 23018927
2012 Common variants of SLAMF1 and ITLN1 on 1q21 are associated with type 2 diabetes in Indian population. Journal of human genetics 17 22277902
2012 The promotion of HL-1 cardiomyocyte beating using anisotropic collagen-GAG scaffolds. Biomaterials 17 22979989
2010 HL-1 cells express an inwardly rectifying K+ current activated via muscarinic receptors comparable to that in mouse atrial myocytes. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 17 20186548
2007 Functional coupling of angiotensin II type 1 receptor with insulin resistance of energy substrate uptakes in immortalized cardiomyocytes (HL-1 cells). British journal of pharmacology 17 17982475
2002 Roles of protein kinase C and alpha-tocopherol in regulation of signal transduction for GATA-4 phosphorylation in HL-1 cardiac muscle cells. Free radical biology & medicine 17 11841924
2012 Delineation of the effects of angiotensin type 1 and 2 receptors on HL-1 cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death 16 22527949
2009 Regulation of urocortin I and its related peptide urocortin II by inflammatory and oxidative stresses in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Journal of molecular endocrinology 16 19318426
2022 Characterization of an intelectin-1 (Itln1) knockout mouse model. Frontiers in immunology 15 36072603
2021 Pterostilbene Increases LDL Metabolism in HL-1 Cardiomyocytes by Modulating the PCSK9/HNF1α/SREBP2/LDLR Signaling Cascade, Upregulating Epigenetic hsa-miR-335 and hsa-miR-6825, and LDL Receptor Expression. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 15 34439528
2019 ITLN in diploid hybrid fish (Carassius auratus cuvieri ♀ × Carassius auratus red var ♂) is involved in host defense against bacterial infection. Developmental and comparative immunology 15 31626818
2015 Nanostructured cavity devices for extracellular stimulation of HL-1 cells. Nanoscale 15 25939765
2008 Inosine and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 contribute to hypoxic preconditioning in the murine cardiomyocyte HL-1 cell line. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 15 18424636
2003 Inhibition of glucose uptake in murine cardiomyocyte cell line HL-1 by cardioprotective drugs dilazep and dipyridamole. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 15 14551048
2020 Hypoxia-induced alterations of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility in HL-1 cells. IUBMB life 14 32351020
2020 Mitoxantrone impairs proteasome activity and prompts early energetic and proteomic changes in HL-1 cardiomyocytes at clinically relevant concentrations. Archives of toxicology 14 32894303
2015 Maintenance of HL-1 cardiomyocyte functional activity in PEGylated fibrin gels. Biotechnology and bioengineering 14 25657056
2013 Monounsaturated 14:1n-9 and 16:1n-9 fatty acids but not 18:1n-9 induce apoptosis and necrosis in murine HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Lipids 14 24281896
2010 Integrin β3 prevents apoptosis of HL-1 cardiomyocytes under conditions of oxidative stress. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology 14 20393597
2006 Effects of hypoxia, glucose deprivation and acidosis on phosphatidylcholine synthesis in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase activity correlates with sarcolemmal disruption. The Biochemical journal 14 16236026
2025 ITLN1 exacerbates Crohn's colitis by driving ZBP1-dependent PANoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells through antagonizing TRIM8-mediated CAPN2 ubiquitination. International journal of biological sciences 13 40520022
2022 Rotenone-Induced 4-HNE Aggresome Formation and Degradation in HL-1 Cardiomyocytes: Role of Autophagy Flux. International journal of molecular sciences 12 35563066
2020 LRP1-Mediated AggLDL Endocytosis Promotes Cholesteryl Ester Accumulation and Impairs Insulin Response in HL-1 Cells. Cells 12 31936892
2019 Sodium hydrosulphide restores tumour necrosis factor-α-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic dysregulation in HL-1 cells. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 12 31496037
2000 An immortalized myocyte cell line, HL-1, expresses a functional delta -opioid receptor. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 12 11112994

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