Affinage

IL1B

Interleukin-1 beta · UniProt P01584

Length
269 aa
Mass
30.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 15 papers cited in narrative 15 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

IL1B encodes a pro-inflammatory cytokine whose production is gated at the levels of transcription, post-transcriptional control, and inflammasome-dependent processing, and which then acts extracellularly to remodel epithelial and stromal tissue (PMID:7799967, PMID:1663080, PMID:28786745). In monocytes/macrophages IL1B is not pre-formed but is induced rapidly upon LPS or monosodium urate crystal stimulation, with transcription depending on binding of the hematopoietic transcription factor Spi-1/PU.1 to two sites in the IL1B promoter (PMID:7799967, PMID:1663080). In CD4 T cells transcription instead proceeds from a bivalent H3K4me3/H3K27me3 promoter independently of Spi-1, yielding cytoplasmic proIL-1β despite low mRNA (PMID:30300855), while promoter haplotype context quantitatively sets the level of IL-1β produced (PMID:18369665). Beyond transcription, IL1B output is constrained by autophagy: autophagic degradation of the TLR4 scaffold PELI3 limits IL1B mRNA expression (PMID:25483963), degradation of PKM2 limits mature IL-1β production (PMID:31500508), and PTPN22-driven NLRP3 phosphorylation targets NLRP3 to autophagosomes to suppress inflammasome-mediated secretion (PMID:28786745). Secreted IL-1β signals through the MyD88 adaptor to drive inflammatory gene programs, as MyD88 inactivation abolishes the IL-1β transcriptional response in keratinocytes (PMID:29434599). Functionally, IL-1β increases intestinal tight-junction permeability by inducing MIR200C-3p, which degrades occludin mRNA (PMID:32569770), induces mesothelial β1-integrin to facilitate tumor cell adhesion (PMID:22296757), triggers ER stress and insulin-secretion defects in pancreatic islets (PMID:23836031), and drives CCL2-dependent neutrophil recruitment and adhesion-molecule expression in reproductive epithelium (PMID:33099841). In reproductive tissue it also regulates uterine Fut2 expression and fucosylation of embryo-attachment ligands and stimulates prostaglandin-synthetic enzymes PTGS1/PTGS2 and its own receptor subunits (PMID:20864644, PMID:22572995).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1991 Medium

    Established that IL-1β is an inducible rather than constitutive product, defining the kinetics by which stimulated monocytes accumulate IL1B mRNA, protein, and then secrete it.

    Evidence Time-course of IL-1β mRNA and protein in human adherent monocytes after LPS or crystal stimulation

    PMID:1663080

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not resolve the transcription factors driving induction
    • Does not define the processing/secretion machinery
  2. 1995 High

    Identified the cell-type-specific transcriptional basis for monocyte IL1B expression by showing Spi-1/PU.1 binds and activates the IL1B promoter.

    Evidence Promoter-reporter assays, EMSA, dominant-negative Spi-1, and cotransfection rescue in HeLa cells with site-directed mutagenesis

    PMID:7799967

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not address regulation in non-myeloid lineages
    • Does not connect promoter occupancy to signal-induced kinetics
  3. 2008 Medium

    Showed that IL1B promoter haplotype context, not single SNPs alone, quantitatively governs in vivo and ex vivo IL-1β production levels.

    Evidence Haplotype analysis of gingival fluid IL-1β, serum CRP, and stimulated PBMC validation

    PMID:18369665

    Open questions at the time
    • Correlative for individual SNP mechanism
    • Does not identify the transcription factors whose binding the haplotypes alter
  4. 2018 Medium

    Revealed lineage-divergent IL1B regulation by demonstrating Spi-1-independent, bivalent-chromatin-poised transcription in CD4 T cells distinct from monocytes.

    Evidence ChIP for H3K4me3/H3K27me3, RT-PCR, and immunoblot of proIL-1β in CD3/CD28-activated primary human CD4 T cells

    PMID:30300855

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not identify the T-cell-specific activating transcription factors
    • Does not establish whether T-cell proIL-1β is processed and secreted
  5. 2014 Medium

    Defined autophagy as a brake on IL1B mRNA expression by showing SQSTM1-mediated autophagic degradation of the TLR4 scaffold PELI3.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, autophagy inhibition, Co-IP, Lys316Arg mutagenesis, and RT-PCR in macrophages

    PMID:25483963

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Does not quantify contribution relative to other PELI3-independent pathways
  6. 2017 Medium

    Linked PTPN22 to inflammasome control by showing PTPN22 loss increases NLRP3 phosphorylation, routing NLRP3 to autophagic degradation and suppressing IL-1β secretion.

    Evidence Autophagosome fractionation, LC3B/LAMP2 co-localization, ATG7/SQSTM1 knockdown, autophagy inhibition, and NLRP3 K316R mutation

    PMID:28786745

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Kinase responsible for NLRP3 phosphorylation downstream of PTPN22 not defined
  7. 2019 Medium

    Extended autophagic control to mature cytokine output by showing SQSTM1-dependent degradation of PKM2 suppresses mature IL-1β production.

    Evidence SQSTM1-PKM2 Co-IP, siRNA knockdown rescue, ELISA, and an in vivo DMM mouse model under LIPUS

    PMID:31500508

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Mechanism connecting PKM2 levels to inflammasome processing not fully resolved
  8. 2018 Medium

    Established MyD88 as the obligate adaptor for IL-1β signal transduction in target epithelium.

    Evidence RNA-seq with CRISPR/Cas9 MYD88 knockout in primary human keratinocytes under IL-1β stimulation

    PMID:29434599

    Open questions at the time
    • Restricted to keratinocytes
    • Does not dissect downstream NF-κB versus other branches
  9. 2010 Medium

    Demonstrated a tissue-remodeling role for IL-1β in reproduction by showing macrophage-derived IL1B regulates uterine epithelial Fut2 and fucosylation of attachment ligands.

    Evidence Epithelial-macrophage co-culture, IL1B neutralization, in vivo Cd11b-dtr macrophage depletion, LCM, and lectin staining in mouse uterus

    PMID:20864644

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not establish the receptor/signaling route in epithelium
    • Co-dependency with LIF not fully separated
  10. 2012 Medium

    Showed IL-1β amplifies its own signaling and prostaglandin synthesis in peri-implantation endometrium, and separately that tumor-derived IL-1β promotes peritoneal metastatic adhesion via mesothelial β1-integrin.

    Evidence Recombinant IL1B dose-response RT-PCR in porcine endometrium; co-culture adhesion assays, IL-1β and β1-integrin neutralization, and SCID mouse metastasis model

    PMID:22296757 PMID:22572995

    Open questions at the time
    • Endometrial work is porcine and gene-expression-level only
    • Adhesion mechanism does not define the IL-1β receptor signaling step in mesothelium
  11. 2013 Medium

    Demonstrated that low circulating IL-1β, acting with IL-6, drives ER-stress-mediated pancreatic islet dysfunction and impaired insulin secretion.

    Evidence Cytokine treatment of mouse/human islets with calcium imaging, ER stress gene profiling, GSIS, and in vivo osmotic mini-pump delivery

    PMID:23836031

    Open questions at the time
    • Cannot isolate IL-1β from IL-6 contribution
    • Receptor and signaling intermediates in β-cells not mapped
  12. 2020 High

    Defined two distinct effector mechanisms: IL-1β disrupts intestinal barrier integrity via MIR200C-3p-mediated occludin mRNA degradation, and recruits neutrophils via CCL2 in reproductive epithelium.

    Evidence Caco-2 permeability with antagomiR and in vivo perfusion plus miRNA-mRNA structural modeling; bovine OEC PMN-migration assays with CCL2/CXCR2 blockade

    PMID:32569770 PMID:33099841

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not link these effector outputs back to IL-1β receptor/MyD88 signaling explicitly
    • CCL2 work is bovine
  13. 2024 Medium

    Identified a post-transcriptional amplifier of IL1B in trophoblasts whereby lnc-HZ06 promotes STAT4-driven transcription and METTL3/HuR-mediated mRNA stabilization, linking IL-1β dysregulation to miscarriage.

    Evidence RIP for the METTL3/HuR/IL1B complex, ChIP for STAT4, and in vivo lnc-hz06/Il1b knockdown rescue in BaP-exposed mice

    PMID:38991640

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Generality of lnc-HZ06 control beyond toxicant-exposed trophoblasts unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the divergent transcriptional inputs, autophagy-based brakes, and inflammasome processing are integrated in a single cell to set the quantitative threshold and timing of mature IL-1β release remains unresolved.
  • No unified quantitative model of transcription-to-secretion flux
  • Receptor-proximal signaling for most effector phenotypes not mapped within the corpus

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 5 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3
Partners
IL1R1IL1RAPMYD88

Evidence

Reading pass · 15 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1995 Cell-type-specific expression of the IL1B gene in monocytes/macrophages is dependent on binding of the hematopoietic transcription factor Spi-1/PU.1 to two sites in the IL1B promoter (between -50 and -39, and between -115 and -97). Mutation of the proximal site abrogated binding and reduced promoter activity; a dominant-negative Spi-1 inhibited reporter expression in monocytes; and cotransfection of Spi-1 into Spi-1-deficient HeLa cells activated the IL1B promoter. Promoter-reporter assays, EMSA, dominant-negative expression vector, cotransfection in HeLa cells, site-directed mutagenesis Molecular and cellular biology High 7799967
1991 IL-1β protein is absent from unstimulated human monocytes (no pre-formed mRNA or intracellular protein). After LPS or monosodium urate crystal stimulation, IL1B mRNA accumulates rapidly, followed by intracellular IL-1β protein that is subsequently released (approximately 60% secreted by 9 h). Other crystal types (hydroxylapatite, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate) failed to induce significant IL-1β production. Time-course measurement of IL-1β mRNA and protein in human adherent monocytes after LPS or crystal stimulation; intracellular and secreted protein quantification Immunology letters Medium 1663080
2018 In CD4 T cells, IL1B gene transcription is activated by CD3/CD28 stimulation independently of Spi-1/PU.1 (which is absent from the IL1B promoter in T cells). Unlike monocytes, activated CD4 T cells display bivalent H3K4me3+/H3K27me3+ nucleosome marks at the IL1B promoter, reflecting low transcriptional activity. Some CD4 T cell subsets accumulate higher cytoplasmic proIL-1β protein than unstimulated monocytes despite relatively low mRNA levels. ChIP for H3K4me3/H3K27me3 at the IL1B locus, RT-PCR for IL1B mRNA, immunoblot for proIL-1β protein, ex vivo CD3/CD28 activation of primary human CD4 T cells Cytokine Medium 30300855
2020 IL-1β increases intestinal tight junction (TJ) permeability by upregulating MIR200C-3p, which degrades occludin mRNA. IL-1β treatment of Caco-2 cells rapidly elevated MIR200C-3p and reduced occludin mRNA and protein without affecting other transmembrane TJ proteins. AntagomiR-200C prevented these effects and protected against IL-1β-induced permeability increases in vivo. 3D molecular modeling and mutational analyses identified the nucleotide bases in occludin mRNA 3'UTR that interact with MIR200C-3p. Caco-2 monolayer permeability assay, immunoblot, RT-PCR, antagomiR transfection, in vivo mouse intestinal perfusion, laser capture microdissection of enterocytes, 3D molecular modeling and mutational analysis of miRNA–mRNA interaction Gastroenterology High 32569770
2017 PTPN22 regulates NLRP3-mediated IL-1β secretion via an autophagy-dependent mechanism: loss of PTPN22 increases NLRP3 phosphorylation, phosphorylated NLRP3 is sequestered into autophagosomes and degraded, thereby inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion. Loss of autophagy abrogates the inhibitory effect on NLRP3 activation seen upon PTPN22 loss. Autophagosome fractionation, immunofluorescence co-localization with LC3B and LAMP2, siRNA knockdown of ATG7/SQSTM1, pharmacological autophagy inhibition, point mutation (Lys316Arg) of NLRP3 Autophagy Medium 28786745
2014 Autophagy-dependent degradation of PELI3 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase and TLR4-signaling scaffold) attenuates IL1B mRNA expression in macrophages. PELI3 knockdown reduced LPS-induced IL1b expression. SQSTM1/p62 binds PELI3; inhibition of autophagy (via wortmannin, bafilomycin A1, or siRNA against SQSTM1/ATG7) increased PELI3 protein. PELI3 is ubiquitinated after LPS stimulation; mutation of Lys316 to Arg attenuated autophagy-dependent PELI3 degradation. PELI3 co-localized with LC3B and LAMP2 in autophagosomes. siRNA knockdown, pharmacological autophagy inhibition, Co-IP, immunofluorescence, point mutagenesis (Lys316Arg), RT-PCR for Il1b Autophagy Medium 25483963
2019 LIPUS (low-intensity pulsed ultrasound) inhibits mature IL-1β production in LPS/ATP-stimulated macrophages via SQSTM1-dependent autophagic degradation of PKM2. LIPUS upregulated autophagy flux and promoted SQSTM1–PKM2 complex formation; SQSTM1 knockdown reversed LIPUS-induced PKM2 degradation and restored mature IL-1β production. Co-IP (SQSTM1-PKM2), siRNA knockdown of SQSTM1, ELISA for mature IL-1β, autophagy inhibition assays, in vivo DMM mouse model Autophagy Medium 31500508
2018 IL-1β-induced inflammatory gene responses in primary epidermal keratinocytes are entirely dependent on the MyD88 adaptor protein. CRISPR/Cas9 inactivation of MyD88 completely abolished IL-1β (and IL-36G) expression responses of a 225-gene shared cytokine-response signature including upregulation of IL1A, IL1B, IL36G, and inhibitors such as IL1RN. RNA-seq of primary human keratinocytes, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of MYD88, cytokine stimulation (IL-1B, IL-36A/B/G) Frontiers in immunology Medium 29434599
2010 In the mouse uterus during early pregnancy, macrophage-derived IL1B (together with LIF) regulates epithelial cell Fut2 mRNA expression and terminal fucosylation of embryo attachment ligands. Neutralizing antibodies to IL1B inhibited macrophage-conditioned medium-stimulated Fut2 upregulation in uterine epithelial cells in vitro; macrophage depletion in vivo reduced UEA-1 and LewisX staining on luminal epithelium. Epithelial cell co-culture with macrophages or conditioned medium, neutralizing antibody blockade of IL1B/LIF, in vivo macrophage depletion (Cd11b-dtr transgenic mice), laser capture microdissection, quantitative RT-PCR, lectin/immunostaining Biology of reproduction Medium 20864644
2012 In porcine uterine endometrium during peri-implantation, IL1B upregulates expression of its own receptor subunits (IL1R1 in a dose-dependent manner, IL1RAP in response to IL1B and estradiol cooperatively) and stimulates expression of prostaglandin-synthetic rate-limiting enzymes PTGS1 and PTGS2. In vitro treatment of porcine uterine endometrial cells with recombinant IL1B, dose-response RT-PCR for IL1R1, IL1RAP, PTGS1, PTGS2 Biology of reproduction Medium 22572995
2012 IL-1β produced by metastatic ovarian cancer cells induces mesothelial cell β1-integrin expression, facilitating tumor cell adhesion to the peritoneum. Neutralizing antibodies to IL-1β inhibited adhesion of metastatic MFOC3 cells to mesothelial monolayers; recombinant IL-1β enhanced adhesion; anti-β1-integrin antibody inhibited adhesion in vitro and reduced metastases in vivo. Co-culture adhesion assay on mesothelial monolayers, neutralizing antibody blockade, recombinant IL-1β stimulation, anti-β1-integrin blocking antibody, in vivo SCID mouse metastasis model Journal of ovarian research Medium 22296757
2008 IL1B promoter haplotypes (defined by SNPs at -511, -1464, -3737) predict in vivo IL-1β protein levels in gingival tissue fluid and serum CRP, and validated in stimulated PBMCs: haplotype-pairs associated with higher in vivo IL-1β caused 86–287% more IL-1β production in vitro, demonstrating that individual SNP function is governed by haplotype context affecting IL1B transcription. Haplotype analysis of 900 gingival fluid samples (IL-1β protein by immunoassay), serum CRP, validation in stimulated PBMCs (N=70) Human genetics Medium 18369665
2013 Low picogram/mL circulating levels of IL-1β combined with IL-6 directly trigger pancreatic islet dysfunction by reducing ER calcium storage, activating ER stress responses (Nos2, Bip, Atf4, Ddit3/CHOP), impairing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and increasing cell death—effects that were more severe in islets from prediabetic db/db mice. Subcutaneous osmotic mini-pump delivery of IL-1β+IL-6 in mice reproduced islet calcium handling and secretion defects observed in vitro. In vitro cytokine treatment of isolated mouse and human islets, intracellular calcium imaging, ER calcium measurements, ER stress gene expression, GSIS assay, in vivo osmotic mini-pump cytokine delivery Endocrinology Medium 23836031
2020 IL1B triggers SASP production (IL8, IL6, TNFA, CCL2) and upregulates cell adhesion molecule expression in bovine oviduct epithelial cells (OECs). CCL2 induced by IL1B is essential for neutrophil (PMN) migration toward OEC-conditioned medium; CCL2 inhibition, but not IL8/CXCR2 blockade, significantly reduced immune cell migration. IL1B also increased PMN adhesion to OECs, leading to further SASP amplification via direct PMN–OEC interaction. In vitro cytokine treatment of bovine OECs, PMN migration assay with conditioned medium, CCL2/CXCR2 inhibitor blockade, flow cytometry for PMN adhesion American journal of reproductive immunology Medium 33099841
2024 lnc-HZ06 promotes STAT4-mediated IL1B mRNA transcription and enhances IL1B mRNA stability by promoting formation of a METTL3/HuR/IL1B mRNA ternary complex, upregulating IL-1β levels in BaP/BPDE-exposed trophoblast cells. Knockdown of murine lnc-hz06 (which downregulates Il1b levels) or Il1b directly alleviated miscarriage in BaP-exposed mice. BPDE exposure promotes TBP-mediated lnc-HZ06 transcription upstream of this pathway. siRNA/shRNA knockdown, RIP (RNA immunoprecipitation for METTL3/HuR/IL1B mRNA complex), ChIP for STAT4 at IL1B promoter, in vivo BaP-exposed mouse miscarriage model Journal of hazardous materials Medium 38991640

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2020 IL1B Increases Intestinal Tight Junction Permeability by Up-regulation of MIR200C-3p, Which Degrades Occludin mRNA. Gastroenterology 197 32569770
2016 Prebiotic administration normalizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anxiety and cortical 5-HT2A receptor and IL1-β levels in male mice. Brain, behavior, and immunity 163 26476141
2018 The role of IL-1B in breast cancer bone metastasis. Endocrine-related cancer 148 29760166
2021 Single-cell analysis of human skin identifies CD14+ type 3 dendritic cells co-producing IL1B and IL23A in psoriasis. The Journal of experimental medicine 137 34279540
1999 IL1B gene polymorphisms influence the course and severity of inflammatory bowel disease. Immunogenetics 124 10380697
1995 Monocyte expression of the human prointerleukin 1 beta gene (IL1B) is dependent on promoter sequences which bind the hematopoietic transcription factor Spi-1/PU.1. Molecular and cellular biology 122 7799967
2013 Circulating levels of IL-1B+IL-6 cause ER stress and dysfunction in islets from prediabetic male mice. Endocrinology 115 23836031
2017 PTPN22 regulates NLRP3-mediated IL1B secretion in an autophagy-dependent manner. Autophagy 112 28786745
2001 IL-1B and IL-1Ra gene polymorphisms and disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis: interaction with their plasma levels. Genes and immunity 110 11477478
2019 SQSTM1-dependent autophagic degradation of PKM2 inhibits the production of mature IL1B/IL-1β and contributes to LIPUS-mediated anti-inflammatory effect. Autophagy 108 31500508
2005 Role of the polymorphic IL-1B, IL-1RN and TNF-A genes in distal gastric cancer in Mexico. International journal of cancer 104 15540224
2004 Extended haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium in the IL1R1-IL1A-IL1B-IL1RN gene cluster: association with knee osteoarthritis. Genes and immunity 104 15190266
2020 Blocking IL1 Beta Promotes Tumor Regression and Remodeling of the Myeloid Compartment in a Renal Cell Carcinoma Model: Multidimensional Analyses. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 102 33148676
1994 Expression of mRNA for IL1 beta, IL6 and TGF beta 1 in developing human bone and cartilage. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 101 8189035
2013 Il1-β involvement in cognitive impairment after sepsis. Molecular neurobiology 96 24234155
2018 RNA-Seq Analysis of IL-1B and IL-36 Responses in Epidermal Keratinocytes Identifies a Shared MyD88-Dependent Gene Signature. Frontiers in immunology 91 29434599
2005 Interleukin-1B (IL-1B) polymorphisms and gastric mucosal levels of IL-1beta cytokine in Korean patients with gastric cancer. International journal of cancer 89 15551344
1997 Serum Levels of IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a, sTNF-RI and CRP in Patients with Oral Cavity Cancer. Pathology oncology research : POR 79 11173639
2008 IL1B gene promoter haplotype pairs predict clinical levels of interleukin-1beta and C-reactive protein. Human genetics 71 18369665
2002 IL-1B and IL-6 gene polymorphisms encode significant risk for the development of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Genes and immunity 69 12140751
1999 Interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 regulate IL1-beta induced mouse primary astrocyte activation: a comparative study. Glia 66 10088668
2004 IL1B and IL1RN polymorphic genes and Helicobacter pylori cagA strains decrease the risk of reflux esophagitis. Gastroenterology 61 15236174
2005 IL-1RN and IL-1B gene polymorphisms and cerebral hemorrhagic events after traumatic brain injury. Neurology 60 16217062
2014 Autophagy-dependent PELI3 degradation inhibits proinflammatory IL1B expression. Autophagy 59 25483963
2001 The polymorphic IL-1B and IL-1RN genes in the aetiopathogenesis of peptic ulcer. Clinical and experimental immunology 59 11531943
2016 Resveratrol Interferes with IL1-β-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Paracrine Interaction between Primary Chondrocytes and Macrophages. Nutrients 58 27187448
2009 Circulating IL-1beta levels, polymorphisms of IL-1B, and risk of cervical cancer in Chinese women. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 53 19904560
2007 Association of CD14, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and TNFA functional gene polymorphisms with symptomatic dental abscesses. International endodontic journal 53 17511783
2021 IL-1B drives opposing responses in primary tumours and bone metastases; harnessing combination therapies to improve outcome in breast cancer. NPJ breast cancer 52 34290237
2010 Macrophage-derived LIF and IL1B regulate alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase 2 (Fut2) expression in mouse uterine epithelial cells during early pregnancy. Biology of reproduction 52 20864644
2010 Association of IL1B -511C/-31T haplotype and Helicobacter pylori vacA genotypes with gastric ulcer and chronic gastritis. BMC gastroenterology 52 20979650
2007 Association of polymorphisms in the IL1B and IL2 genes with susceptibility and severity of systemic sclerosis. The Journal of rheumatology 51 17444587
2014 IL1B and DEFB1 Polymorphisms Increase Susceptibility to Invasive Mold Infection After Solid-Organ Transplantation. The Journal of infectious diseases 50 25398456
2012 Regulatory mechanism for expression of IL1B receptors in the uterine endometrium and effects of IL1B on prostaglandin synthetic enzymes during the implantation period in pigs. Biology of reproduction 49 22572995
2005 NOD2/CARD15 and TNFA, but not IL1B and IL1RN, are associated with Crohn's disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases 47 15803022
2005 Association of interleukin-1B (IL-1B) gene polymorphisms with risk of gastric cancer in Chinese population. Cytokine 45 15878285
2008 Interleukin-1B (IL1B) and interleukin-6 (IL6) gene polymorphisms are associated with risk of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Hematological oncology 44 18271063
2009 Association of IL-1B genetic polymorphisms with an increased risk of opioid and alcohol dependence. Pharmacogenetics and genomics 41 19801958
2020 Influence of inflammasome NLRP3, and IL1B and IL2 gene polymorphisms in periodontitis susceptibility. PloS one 39 31978095
2013 Polymorphisms of genes encoding P2X7R, IL-1B, OPG and RANK in orthodontic-induced apical root resorption. Oral diseases 37 24118270
2011 Polymorphisms in interleukin-1B (IL-1B) and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) genes associate with gastric cancer risk in the Chinese population. Digestive diseases and sciences 37 21243433
2005 Polymorphism in IL1B: IL1B-511 association with tuberculosis and decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1beta in IFN-gamma primed ex-vivo whole blood assay. Journal of endotoxin research 37 16263000
2022 Curcumin-Attenuated TREM-1/DAP12/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL1B, TLR4/NF-κB Pathways, and Tau Hyperphosphorylation Induced by 1,2-Diacetyl Benzene: An in Vitro and in Silico Study. Neurotoxicity research 36 35781221
2012 IL1B, IL4R, IL12RB1 and TNF gene polymorphisms are associated with Plasmodium vivax malaria in Brazil. Malaria journal 34 23217179
2011 Interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) promoter polymorphism and cancer risk: evidence from 47 published studies. Mutagenesis 33 21653279
2018 Tryptophan Photoproduct FICZ Upregulates IL1A, IL1B, and IL6 Expression via Oxidative Stress in Keratinocytes. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 32 30595799
2018 Upregulation of osteopontin expression via the interaction of macrophages and fibroblasts under IL-1b stimulation. Cytokine 31 29704820
2012 Production of IL1-beta by ovarian cancer cells induces mesothelial cell beta1-integrin expression facilitating peritoneal dissemination. Journal of ovarian research 31 22296757
2022 Integrated Bioinformatics and Validation Reveal IL1B and Its Related Molecules as Potential Biomarkers in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Frontiers in immunology 30 35371000
2019 Increased levels of plasma IL-1b and BDNF can predict resistant depression patients. Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) 30 30994834
2019 The IL-1B Gene Polymorphisms rs16944 and rs1143627 Contribute to an Increased Risk of Coronary Artery Lesions in Southern Chinese Children with Kawasaki Disease. Journal of immunology research 30 31093510
2010 Association of IL1A and IL1B loci with primary open angle glaucoma. BMC medical genetics 30 20565898
2024 Single-cell profiling identifies IL1Bhi macrophages associated with inflammation in PD-1 inhibitor-induced inflammatory arthritis. Nature communications 29 38453911
2018 Distinct mechanisms regulate IL1B gene transcription in lymphoid CD4 T cells and monocytes. Cytokine 29 30300855
2021 IL-1B(3954) polymorphism and red complex bacteria increase IL-1β (GCF) levels in periodontitis. Journal of periodontal research 26 33638191
2020 Association between IL1B polymorphisms and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. International immunopharmacology 26 32240943
2019 Anti-inflammatory activities of Waltheria indica extracts by modulating expression of IL-1B, TNF-α, TNFRII and NF-κB in human macrophages. Inflammopharmacology 26 31686273
2017 Association between TNF, IL1B, IL6, IL10 and IFNG polymorphisms and recurrent miscarriage: a case control study. Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E 26 29017513
2007 Potential influence of IL1B haplotype and IL1A-IL1B-IL1RN extended haplotype on hand osteoarthritis risk. Osteoarthritis and cartilage 26 17532232
2002 Linkage and association studies of IL1B and IL1RN gene polymorphisms in preeclampsia. Hypertension in pregnancy 26 12044341
2023 TNF-α, IL-1B and IL-6 affect the differentiation ability of dental pulp stem cells. BMC oral health 24 37568110
2023 Assessment of antiarthritic potential of Asparagus dumosus using formaldehyde and CFA-induced arthritic models in rats via modulation of oxidative stress biomarkers and mRNA expression of IL-1b, IL-6, RANKL, OPG, TNF-α and COX-2. Inflammopharmacology 24 38057565
2017 Influence of IL1B, IL6 and IL10 gene variants and plasma fatty acid interaction on metabolic syndrome risk in a cross-sectional population-based study. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 24 28268030
2017 Decreased Expression of IFNG-AS1, IFNG and IL-1B Inflammatory Genes in Medicated Schizophrenia and Bipolar Patients. Scandinavian journal of immunology 24 29032575
2016 Determination of NLRP3 (rs4612666) and IL-1B (rs1143634) genetic polymorphisms in periodontally diseased and healthy subjects. Archives of oral biology 24 26854620
2016 Association of Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and Interleukin-1beta (IL1B), Genotype-Phenotype Correlation and Plasma Lipids with Type-II Diabetes. PloS one 24 27749914
2015 CDH1 and IL1-beta expression dictates FAK and MAPKK-dependent cross-talk between cancer cells and human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cell research & therapy 24 26204886
2014 Genetic polymorphism of interleukin-1A (IL-1A), IL-1B, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) and prostate cancer risk. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 24 25374200
2007 Investigation of functional gene polymorphisms: IL-1B, IL-6 and TNFA in benign migratory glossitis in Brazilian individuals. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology 24 17850436
2019 Association between IL1B gene and cervical cancer susceptibility in Chinese Uygur Population: A Case-Control study. Molecular genetics & genomic medicine 23 31222982
2008 Association of IL-1B gene polymorphisms with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a Chinese population. Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)) 22 18289837
2021 Monocyte-derived and M1 macrophages from ankylosing spondylitis patients released higher TNF-α and expressed more IL1B in response to BzATP than macrophages from healthy subjects. Scientific reports 21 34497300
2015 IL-1A rs1800587, IL-1B rs1143634 and IL-1R1 rs2234650 polymorphisms in Iranian patients with systemic sclerosis. International journal of immunogenetics 21 26416393
2009 Association between IL-1B and IL-1RN gene polymorphisms and Chagas' disease development susceptibility. Immunological investigations 21 19811434
2008 Polymorphisms in two genes, IL-1B and ACE, are associated with erythropoietin resistance in Korean patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Experimental & molecular medicine 21 18446054
2020 IL1B triggers inflammatory cytokine production in bovine oviduct epithelial cells and induces neutrophil accumulation via CCL2. American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) 20 33099841
2014 Association between the IL1B, IL1RN polymorphisms and COPD risk: a meta-analysis. Scientific reports 20 25174605
2023 Sijunzi Decoction Targets IL1B and TNF to Reduce Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Ulcerative Colitis: Evidence from Silicon Prediction and Experiment Validation. Drug design, development and therapy 19 37868820
2019 Interleukin-1β Gene (IL1B) Polymorphism and Risk of Developing Diabetic Nephropathy. Immunological investigations 19 31044637
2015 IL1B gene polymorphisms, age and the risk of non-small cell lung cancer in a Chinese population. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 19 26141218
1991 Kinetics of IL1 beta mRNA and protein accumulation in human mononuclear cells. Immunology letters 19 1663080
2024 The role of IL-1B in breast cancer bone metastasis. Journal of bone oncology 18 38800348
2021 Cortical expression of IL1-β, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and 9, SEMA-3a, NT-3 and P-glycoprotein as biological markers of intrinsic severity in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain research 18 33516813
2019 Are IL1B, IL6 and IL6R Gene Variants Associated with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture Susceptibility? Journal of sports science & medicine 18 30787661
2019 Association of ENAM, TUFT1, MMP13, IL1B, IL10 and IL1RN gene polymorphism and dental caries susceptibility in Chinese children. The Journal of international medical research 18 30803280
2015 Lipocalin 2 Upregulation Protects Hepatocytes from IL1-β-Induced Stress. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 18 26021263
2017 A link between osteomyelitis and IL1RN and IL1B polymorphisms-a study in patients from Northeast Brazil. Acta orthopaedica 17 28682145
2017 Interleukin-1B (IL-1B-31 and IL-1B-511) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) gene polymorphisms in primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood research 17 29333402
2014 Interleukin 1B gene (IL1B) variation and internalizing symptoms in maltreated preschoolers. Development and psychopathology 17 25422961
2011 IL1B -511(G>A) and IL1RN (VNTR) allelic polymorphisms and susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis in Croatian population. Rheumatology international 17 21523343
2005 No relationship between IL-1B gene polymorphism and gastric acid secretion in younger healthy volunteers. World journal of gastroenterology 17 16425433
2001 Association analysis of IL1A and IL1B variants in alopecia areata. Heredity 17 11703512
2024 BaP/BPDE exposure causes human trophoblast cell dysfunctions and induces miscarriage by up-regulating lnc-HZ06-regulated IL1B. Journal of hazardous materials 16 38991640
2020 Evaluation of genetic variants in IL-1B and its interaction with the predisposition of osteoporosis in the northwestern Chinese Han population. The journal of gene medicine 16 32391643
2017 Flavonolignans Inhibit IL1-β-Induced Cross-Talk between Blood Platelets and Leukocytes. Nutrients 16 28914761
2013 Current evidences on IL1B polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 15 23784458
2023 Common variants of pro-inflammatory gene IL1B and interactions with PPP1R13L and POLR1G in relation to lung cancer among Northeast Chinese. Scientific reports 14 37147350
2022 IL-1B can serve as a healing process and is a critical regulator of diabetic foot ulcer. Annals of translational medicine 14 35280410
2017 Alendronate treatment induces IL-1B expression and apoptosis in glioblastoma cell line. Inflammopharmacology 14 28646347
2013 Polymorphisms of the IL12B, IL1B, and TNFA genes and susceptibility to asthma. Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology 14 24654313

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for IL1B? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.