Affinage

IL13RA2

Interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 · UniProt Q14627

Length
380 aa
Mass
44.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
40 papers in source corpus 19 papers cited in narrative 19 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/8 claims corpus-supported (88%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

IL13RA2 (IL-13Rα2) is a high-affinity IL-13 binding receptor that functions as a signaling-incompetent decoy, restraining type-2 cytokine responses and shaping fibrotic and oncogenic programs across diverse tissues (PMID:11861389, PMID:16751396). It was distinguished early from the signal-transducing IL-13Rα1/IL-4Rα complex as a distinct, non-signaling paralog that nonetheless binds IL-13 independently (PMID:9013879). As a decoy it suppresses both IL-13- and IL-4-driven STAT6 activation: in addition to sequestering ligand, its short intracellular domain physically engages the cytoplasmic tail of IL-4Rα to block STAT6 docking independent of ligand binding (PMID:11861389), and its inhibitory potency scales with expression and depends on N-linked glycosylation of the extracellular domain (PMID:16751396, PMID:17023392). The receptor resides predominantly in intracellular pools, with surface forms continuously released as soluble IL-13Rα2 generated in humans by MMP/MMP-8-mediated cleavage rather than alternative splicing (PMID:16751396, PMID:20007572). Transcription is driven by a defined promoter bearing functional NFAT and AP1 (c-JUN/c-FOS) cis-elements, with AP1 acting through JNK (PMID:12816724, PMID:20448330). In disease contexts IL13RA2 has opposing roles: it drives an IL-13-dependent fibrotic program through TGF-β1, IGF-I and Egr-1 in colitis (PMID:18938165), yet acts as a brake on fibroblast STAT6 activation, proliferation and ECM secretion in keloids (PMID:36757802). In cancer it modulates ERK, AKT/NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling—promoting EMT and migration in thyroid carcinoma (PMID:31290966), conferring sunitinib resistance and apoptosis evasion in renal carcinoma (PMID:26114873), and restraining AKT/NF-κB-driven survival and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (PMID:40663259). It also serves as the principal binding and internalization component exploited by IL-13 cytotoxin for glioblastoma targeting (PMID:15838375).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1997 Medium

    Established that the functional IL-13 signaling complex is built from IL-13Rα1 and IL-4Rα and does NOT include IL13RA2, framing IL13RA2 as a distinct ligand-binding paralog without a defined signaling role.

    Evidence CHO co-expression with radioligand binding and EMSA for STAT6 activation

    PMID:9013879

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not determine what IL13RA2 does biologically
    • IL13RA2 binding affinity and structural basis not characterized here
  2. 2002 Medium

    Answered how a non-signaling receptor inhibits cytokine signaling, showing IL13RA2 blocks both IL-13 and IL-4 STAT6 responses via direct interaction of its intracellular domain with the IL-4Rα cytoplasmic tail, beyond simple ligand sequestration.

    Evidence Transient transfection, STAT6 activation assays, co-IP of intracellular domains in heterologous cells

    PMID:11861389

    Open questions at the time
    • Co-IP in single lab without structural mapping of the interaction interface
    • Physiological relevance of intracellular-domain interaction vs. sequestration not quantified
  3. 2003 Medium

    Defined the transcriptional control of IL13RA2 by dissecting a promoter with functional NFAT, AP1, and AP2 cis-elements, identifying how the gene is regulated.

    Evidence Promoter cloning, reporter assays, deletion analysis, mutagenesis, JNK inhibition

    PMID:12816724

    Open questions at the time
    • Signals upstream of NFAT/AP1 activation not defined
    • Cell-type specificity of promoter usage not addressed
  4. 2005 Medium

    Demonstrated IL13RA2 is the rate-limiting ligand-binding and internalization component for IL-13 cytotoxin killing, establishing it as a therapeutic target in glioblastoma.

    Evidence Antisense/siRNA knockdown and overexpression with ligand-binding, cytotoxicity, and in vivo tumor treatment

    PMID:15838375

    Open questions at the time
    • Endogenous IL-13 signaling role distinct from cytotoxin delivery not resolved
    • Trafficking/internalization machinery not identified
  5. 2006 High

    Resolved the receptor's localization paradox—predominantly intracellular with constant surface levels despite continuous soluble release—and quantified that decoy inhibition scales with expression and is overcome by high ligand.

    Evidence Subcellular fractionation, flow cytometry, soluble-form ELISA, STAT6 assays; plus PNGase F deglycosylation establishing N-glycosylation requirement

    PMID:16751396 PMID:17023392

    Open questions at the time
    • Trafficking machinery controlling surface delivery not identified
    • Functional role of intracellular pool unclear
  6. 2008 High

    Identified the human-specific source of soluble IL13RA2 as MMP/MMP-8 cleavage of the membrane form (not splicing as in mouse), and placed IL13RA2 within an IL-13-driven fibrotic cascade engaging TGF-β1, IGF-I, and Egr-1.

    Evidence siRNA depletion, MMP inhibition, ELISA, RT-PCR; and in vivo TNBS colitis with siRNA/decoy blockade of fibrogenic readouts

    PMID:18938165 PMID:20007572

    Open questions at the time
    • How IL13RA2 transduces a pro-fibrotic signal despite lacking signaling motifs unresolved
    • Identity of the protease-cleavage site not mapped
  7. 2010 Medium

    Showed NFAT and AP1 drive a GBM-specific transcript encoding a secreted IL13RA2 form, refining promoter usage and transcript diversity.

    Evidence Mutation analysis, qRT-PCR, transcription-factor binding assay, flow cytometry, ELISA

    PMID:20448330

    Open questions at the time
    • Function of the secreted GBM transcript vs. cleaved soluble form not distinguished
    • Tumor-specific regulatory signals not identified
  8. 2019 Medium

    Extended IL13RA2 function into cancer cell biology, showing it promotes migration and EMT in papillary thyroid carcinoma independent of proliferation.

    Evidence Reciprocal siRNA knockdown and overexpression with migration assays and EMT marker readouts

    PMID:31290966

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling pathway linking IL13RA2 to EMT markers not defined
    • Single tumor type
  9. 2023 Medium

    Established that IL13RA2 acts as a brake on fibroblast activation, with its loss elevating JAK/STAT6 signaling, proliferation, and ECM secretion in keloids—reconciling its decoy function with a fibrosis-restraining role.

    Evidence Reciprocal gain/loss-of-function, p-STAT6 Western blot, patient-derived xenograft with STAT6 inhibitor

    PMID:36757802

    Open questions at the time
    • Tissue-context basis for pro- vs. anti-fibrotic roles not unified
    • Mechanism of STAT6 suppression in fibroblasts vs. epithelial cells not directly compared
  10. 2024 Low

    Probed additional signaling outputs and trafficking control: IL13RA2 binds β-catenin and activates Wnt/glycolysis in hemangioma endothelium, modulates an IL13RA2/STAT3 calcification axis, and is delivered to the cell surface by GOLIM4 post-translationally.

    Evidence Co-IP, overexpression/knockdown, glycolysis inhibition; cellular thermal shift binding; GOLIM4 siRNA with surface flow cytometry (two preprints)

    PMID:38432393 PMID:39220137 PMID:bio_10.1101_2024.10.22.619629

    Open questions at the time
    • β-catenin Co-IP not reciprocally validated
    • GOLIM4-IL13RA2 trafficking link from single knockdown preprint
    • STAT3 axis mechanism not dissected
  11. 2025 Medium

    Defined a tumor-suppressive arm in triple-negative breast cancer, where IL13RA2 loss derepresses AKT/NF-κB signaling to enhance survival and metastasis, creating an AKT-inhibitor vulnerability.

    Evidence CRISPR knockout, p-AKT/NF-κB Western blot, intracardiac metastasis model, inhibitor sensitivity

    PMID:40663259

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanistic link from IL13RA2 to AKT/NF-κB restraint not defined
    • Whether decoy/ligand-binding function is involved unclear

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How a receptor lacking signaling motifs produces context-opposite outcomes—pro-fibrotic vs. anti-fibrotic, pro- vs. anti-metastatic—through ERK, AKT/NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, and STAT3/STAT6 remains unresolved, as does the structural basis of its intracellular IL-4Rα interaction and the trafficking machinery governing its surface vs. intracellular distribution.
  • No unifying model for cell-type-dependent signaling outputs
  • No structure of the IL13RA2 intracellular domain bound to IL-4Rα
  • Trafficking/internalization machinery only partially identified

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0001618 virus receptor activity 2 GO:0140313 molecular sequestering activity 2
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 2 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2
Partners
CTNNB1IL4RMMP8

Evidence

Reading pass · 19 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1997 IL-13Rα1 (not IL13RA2) forms a heterodimeric signaling complex with IL-4Rα that binds IL-13 with high affinity (~30 pM) and activates STAT6; IL13RA2 (27% identical to IL-13Rα1) binds IL-13 independently but this paper establishes the signaling complex does not include IL13RA2. CHO cell co-expression, radioligand binding, EMSA for STAT6 activation FEBS letters Medium 9013879
2002 IL-13Rα2 acts as a decoy receptor that inhibits not only IL-13- but also IL-4-mediated STAT6 signaling; the inhibition mechanism involves physical interaction between the short intracellular domain of IL-13Rα2 and the cytoplasmic domain of IL-4Rα (which harbors STAT6 docking sites), independent of ligand binding. Transient transfection of IL13RA2 in heterologous cells, STAT6 activation assay, co-immunoprecipitation of IL-13Rα2 intracellular domain with IL-4Rα cytoplasmic domain Cancer research Medium 11861389
2006 IL-13Rα2 distribution is predominantly intracellular; surface IL-13Rα2 is continually released in soluble form yet surface levels remain constant, indicating active receptor trafficking to the cell surface. IL-13Rα2 inhibits IL-13 signaling proportionally to its expression level, and this inhibition can be overcome with high IL-13 concentrations. Subcellular fractionation, flow cytometry, ELISA for soluble form, IL-13 signaling (STAT6) assay in transfected and primary cells Journal of immunology Medium 16751396
2006 N-linked glycosylation of IL-13Rα2 extracellular domain (ECD) is essential for optimal IL-13 inhibitory activity; deglycosylation by PNGase F reduced inhibitory potency. Glycosylated ECD inhibited IL-13-induced STAT6 phosphorylation, IL-13 binding, and IL-13 cytotoxin cytotoxicity, but did not inhibit IL-4-induced STAT6 phosphorylation, demonstrating receptor-specific inhibition. Expression of ECD in E. coli vs. mammalian cells, PNGase F deglycosylation, STAT6 phosphorylation assay, ligand binding assay, cytotoxicity assay FASEB journal High 17023392
2008 In humans, soluble IL-13Rα2 is generated exclusively from membrane IL-13Rα2 by MMP/MMP-8-mediated cleavage of the membrane-bound form (not by alternative splicing as in mice). siRNA depletion of full-length human IL-13Rα2 decreased both membrane and soluble forms, and MMP/MMP-8 inhibition abolished soluble IL-13Rα2 production. siRNA-mediated depletion of specific transcripts, MMP inhibitor treatment, ELISA for soluble IL-13Rα2, RT-PCR for transcript variants Journal of immunology High 20007572
2008 IL-13 signaling via IL-13Rα2 initiates a fibrotic program in chronic colitis by driving TGF-β1 activation, IGF-I and Egr-1 expression; Egr-1 promotes myofibroblast apoptosis and urokinase plasminogen activator production (which activates TGF-β1), and IGF-I (with TGF-β1) stimulates myofibroblast collagen deposition. siRNA and decoy oligonucleotide blockade of IL-13Rα2 and TGF-β1 signaling in TNBS colitis mouse model, ELISA, Western blot for fibrogenic factors, collagen measurement Gastroenterology Medium 18938165
2005 IL-13Rα2 is the primary IL-13 binding and internalization component required for IL-13 cytotoxin (IL13-PE38QQR) cytotoxicity in GBM cells; antisense/siRNA knockdown of IL-13Rα2 decreased ligand binding and reduced sensitivity to cytotoxin, while overexpression of IL-13Rα2 in tumors enhanced cytotoxin-mediated tumor regression and survival. Antisense oligonucleotide and siRNA knockdown, plasmid-mediated overexpression, IL-13 binding assay, in vivo tumor treatment with convection-enhanced delivery Journal of immunotherapy Medium 15838375
2003 The human IL-13Rα2 gene promoter contains TATA boxes, a CCAAT site, and functional binding sites for NFAT, AP1 (c-JUN, c-FOS), AP2, and other transcription factors; a 64-bp region containing AP1, NFAT, and AP2 cis-elements is necessary for promoter activity. AP1 role was confirmed by in vitro mutagenesis and JNK inhibition. Promoter cloning, secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter assay, deletion analysis, in vitro mutagenesis, JNK inhibition, methylation analysis Neuro-oncology Medium 12816724
2010 NFAT and AP1 transcription factors are necessary and essential for expression of a GBM-specific IL-13Rα2 transcript; this transcript produces a secreted (soluble) form of IL-13Rα2. The IL-13Rα2 gene has at least 2 promoters and 4 transcripts. Mutation analysis, quantitative RT-PCR, flow cytometry, transcription factor binding assay, ELISA Cellular oncology Medium 20448330
2015 IL13RA2 expression promotes sunitinib resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma; IL13RA2 overexpression in sensitive cells conferred resistance in vivo, and shRNA-mediated knockdown reversed resistance in Caki-1 cells. Mechanistically, IL13RA2 repressed sunitinib-induced apoptosis without increasing tumor vasculature. Xenograft models, shRNA knockdown, IL13RA2 overexpression, histopathological apoptosis analysis PloS one Medium 26114873
2015 IL13RA2 expression is induced by ingenol mebutate through PKC/MEK/ERK signaling in keratinocytes; siRNA knockdown of IL13RA2 partially rescued ingenol mebutate-treated cells, functionally linking IL13RA2 induction to reduced cell viability downstream of PKCδ/MEK/ERK. Transcriptional profiling, pathway inhibition, siRNA knockdown, phosphorylation screen, viability assays Molecular cancer therapeutics Medium 26116359
2019 IL13RA2 promotes cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in papillary thyroid carcinoma; knockdown reduced cell viability, migration, and EMT markers (N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail), while overexpression increased migration and EMT without affecting proliferation. siRNA knockdown, exogenous overexpression, CCK-8 proliferation, transwell migration, Western blot and qRT-PCR for EMT markers The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Medium 31290966
2020 Silencing of IL13RA2 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells promotes partial EMT and increases invasiveness via activation of ERK phosphorylation. siRNA knockdown, Western blot for p-ERK, invasion assay FEBS open bio Low 31823484
2023 IL-13RA2 downregulation in keloid fibroblasts leads to elevated STAT6 phosphorylation (via JAK/STAT6 activation); ectopic expression of IL-13RA2 in keloid fibroblasts inhibited STAT6 phosphorylation, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, ECM secretion, and myofibroblast marker expression. Western blot for p-STAT6, ectopic IL-13RA2 expression, IL-13RA2 knockdown in normal fibroblasts, patient-derived xenograft mouse model with STAT6 inhibitor JCI insight Medium 36757802
2024 IL13RA2 interacts physically with β-catenin and activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in haemangioma-derived endothelial cells, promoting proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis; these effects were confirmed with a glycolysis inhibitor. Co-immunoprecipitation (IL13RA2-β-catenin interaction), overexpression/knockdown, Wnt/β-catenin pathway Western blot, glycolysis inhibitor rescue Oncology research Low 39220137
2024 Moscatilin binds directly to IL13RA2 (confirmed by cellular thermal shift assay) and augments IL13RA2 expression; IL13RA2 is reduced during osteogenic differentiation of HASMCs, leading to STAT3-mediated inflammatory factor secretion. Moscatilin suppresses vascular calcification via the IL13RA2/STAT3 and WNT3/β-catenin axes. Cellular thermal shift assay (direct binding), transcriptional profiling, in vitro HASMC osteogenesis model, in vivo mouse vascular calcification model Journal of advanced research Medium 38432393
2025 Loss of IL13RA2 in triple-negative breast cancer cells increases AKT and NF-κB signaling, enhancing cell survival in vitro and augmenting metastatic tumor growth in vivo; IL13RA2-deficient cells are sensitive to AKT inhibition. CRISPR knockout, Western blot for p-AKT and NF-κB, in vivo intracardiac metastasis model, pathway inhibitor sensitivity assay Clinical & experimental metastasis Medium 40663259
2024 IL-13 promotes angiosarcoma cell proliferation specifically through IL-13Rα2; siRNA knockdown of IL13RA2 or neutralizing anti-IL-13 antibodies blocked this proliferative effect. IL-13 stimulation increased IL13RA2 and VEGFA mRNA levels in a STAT6-dependent positive feedback loop (blocked by STAT6 inhibitor). siRNA knockdown, neutralizing antibodies, proliferation assays, STAT6 inhibitor treatment, qRT-PCR bioRxivpreprint Low bio_10.1101_2024.10.24.619789
2024 GOLIM4 silencing (downstream of IRE1/XBP1s) reduces surface expression of IL13RA2 in glioblastoma cells without altering IL13RA2 transcript levels, indicating that GOLIM4 controls post-translational trafficking of IL13RA2 to the cell surface. GOLIM4 siRNA knockdown, flow cytometry for surface IL13RA2, RT-PCR for transcript levels bioRxivpreprint Low bio_10.1101_2024.10.22.619629

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 40 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1997 Cloning of the human IL-13R alpha1 chain and reconstitution with the IL4R alpha of a functional IL-4/IL-13 receptor complex. FEBS letters 185 9013879
2002 IL-13R(alpha)2, a decoy receptor for IL-13 acts as an inhibitor of IL-4-dependent signal transduction in glioblastoma cells. Cancer research 151 11861389
2008 IL-13 signaling via IL-13R alpha2 induces major downstream fibrogenic factors mediating fibrosis in chronic TNBS colitis. Gastroenterology 135 18938165
2006 Mast cells express IL-13R alpha 1: IL-13 promotes human lung mast cell proliferation and Fc epsilon RI expression. Allergy 76 16918506
2017 IL13RA2 targeted alpha particle therapy against glioblastomas. Oncotarget 74 28562337
2019 Mucosal IL13RA2 expression predicts nonresponse to anti-TNF therapy in Crohn's disease. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 59 30663072
2004 A bispecific immunotoxin (DTAT13) targeting human IL-13 receptor (IL-13R) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in a mouse xenograft model. Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS 56 15047912
2009 IL-13R alpha 2 membrane and soluble isoforms differ in humans and mice. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 54 20007572
2006 Level of expression of IL-13R alpha 2 impacts receptor distribution and IL-13 signaling. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 49 16751396
2023 IL-13RA2 downregulation in fibroblasts promotes keloid fibrosis via JAK/STAT6 activation. JCI insight 48 36757802
2020 IL13RA2 is overexpressed in malignant gliomas and related to clinical outcome of patients. American journal of translational research 46 32913543
2013 New agents for targeting of IL-13RA2 expressed in primary human and canine brain tumors. PloS one 41 24147065
2006 IL13RA2 gene polymorphisms are associated with systemic sclerosis. The Journal of rheumatology 41 16981293
2015 Role of IL13RA2 in Sunitinib Resistance in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. PloS one 39 26114873
2015 Ingenol Mebutate Signals via PKC/MEK/ERK in Keratinocytes and Induces Interleukin Decoy Receptors IL1R2 and IL13RA2. Molecular cancer therapeutics 38 26116359
2021 Phase I trial of convection-enhanced delivery of IL13RA2 and EPHA2 receptor targeted cytotoxins in dogs with spontaneous intracranial gliomas. Neuro-oncology 37 32812637
2008 A novel and sensitive ELISA reveals that the soluble form of IL-13R-alpha2 is not expressed in plasma of healthy or asthmatic subjects. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 35 18307523
2005 Evidence that IL-13R alpha2 chain in human glioma cells is responsible for the antitumor activity mediated by receptor-directed cytotoxin therapy. Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) 31 15838375
2017 Peptide-based PET imaging of the tumor restricted IL13RA2 biomarker. Oncotarget 30 28881623
2001 Interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-4 inhibit proliferation and stimulate IL-6 formation in human osteoblasts: evidence for involvement of receptor subunits IL-13R, IL-13Ralpha, and IL-4Ralpha. Bone 30 11248656
2010 Vaccine therapy with dendritic cells transfected with Il13ra2 mRNA for glioma in mice. Journal of neurosurgery 26 19895199
2006 N-linked glycosylation of IL-13R alpha2 is essential for optimal IL-13 inhibitory activity. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 26 17023392
2011 Epigenetic modulation enhances the therapeutic effect of anti-IL-13R(alpha)2 antibody in human mesothelioma xenografts. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 24 21357681
2010 NFAT and AP1 are essential for the expression of a glioblastoma multiforme related IL-13Ra2 transcript. Cellular oncology : the official journal of the International Society for Cellular Oncology 21 20448330
2024 Moscatilin inhibits vascular calcification by activating IL13RA2-dependent inhibition of STAT3 and attenuating the WNT3/β-catenin signalling pathway. Journal of advanced research 20 38432393
2003 Molecular cloning and identification of the human interleukin 13 alpha 2 receptor (IL-13Ra2) promoter. Neuro-oncology 20 12816724
2019 IL13RA2 Is Differentially Regulated in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma vs Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 19 31290966
2023 Targeting of the Interleukin-13 Receptor (IL-13R)α2 Expressing Prostate Cancer by a Novel Hybrid Lytic Peptide. Biomolecules 9 36830725
2015 The expression of CCN2, IQSEC, RSPO1, DNAJC15, RIPK2, IL13RA2, IRS1, and IRS2 genes in blood of obese boys with insulin resistance. Fiziolohichnyi zhurnal (Kiev, Ukraine : 1994) 9 26040030
2022 Investigation on Probable Association Between IL-13, IL-13RA1, and IL-13RA2 Genes Polymorphism and Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Journal of inflammation research 5 35966004
2020 Silencing of IL13RA2 promotes partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma via ERK signaling pathway activation. FEBS open bio 5 31823484
2024 DPP4 promotes an immunoenhancing tumor microenvironment through exhausted CD8+ T cells with activating IL13-IL13RA2 axis in papillary thyroid cancer. International immunopharmacology 4 39662266
2025 IL13RA2-integrated genetically engineered mouse model allows for CAR T cells targeting pediatric high-grade gliomas. Acta neuropathologica communications 3 40176156
2025 Loss of IL13RA2 promotes metastatic tumor growth in triple-negative breast cancer via increased AKT and NF-κB signaling. Clinical & experimental metastasis 2 40663259
2024 IL13RA2 promotes progression of infantile haemangioma by activating glycolysis and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncology research 2 39220137
2026 Development and evaluation of IL13RA2 targeted drug delivery system based on glioblastoma homing peptide A2b11. Materials today. Bio 1 41624510
2026 An in silico approach to peptide-based dual-receptor targeting for IL13RA2 and VEGFR-2 extracellular domain. Journal of molecular modeling 0 41493642
2026 LEF1 and IL13RA2 in testicular sex cord-stromal tumors: LEF1 as a potential diagnostic marker for Sertoli cell tumors. Annals of diagnostic pathology 0 41671911
2025 Novel IL13RA2-targeted immunocytokines exhibit superior antitumor activities. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 0 40797114
2024 IL13RA2-integrated genetically engineered mouse model allows for CAR T cells targeting pediatric high-grade gliomas. Research square 0 39711568

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