Affinage

IL11

Interleukin-11 · UniProt P20809

Length
199 aa
Mass
21.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 44 papers cited in narrative 44 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

IL-11 is a stromal- and fibroblast-enriched member of the IL-6 cytokine family that drives fibroinflammation, tissue remodeling, and age-related pathology by signaling through a receptor complex in which a dedicated IL-11Rα ligand-binding chain partners with the shared signal transducer gp130 (PMID:8360477, PMID:8637716, PMID:32566365). In fibroblasts and other mesenchymal cells, IL-11 is the dominant TGFβ1-induced transcript and is itself required for the pro-fibrotic effect of TGFβ1, establishing an autocrine loop that drives myofibroblast transformation and fibrogenic protein synthesis through non-canonical ERK signaling rather than STAT3 (PMID:29160304, PMID:33590875, PMID:35408908). Mechanistically, IL-11 activates an ERK/P90RSK axis that inactivates LKB1 by phosphorylation at S325 and S428, thereby inhibiting AMPK and de-repressing mTOR to drive translational output, including EPRS-regulated, ribosome-stalling-dependent collagen synthesis (PMID:34651016, PMID:35992082). In renal tubular epithelium this same ERK/p90RSK module inactivates GSK3β and upregulates SNAI1 to promote pro-inflammatory and EMT programs (PMID:36470928, PMID:37673330). STAT3 phosphorylation downstream of IL-11 is transient and context-dependent in fibroblasts, but in epithelial, monocytic, and tumor cells IL-11 engages JAK/STAT3 to promote inflammation, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, myeloid suppressor differentiation, and cancer progression (PMID:18431520, PMID:28781374, PMID:36012165, PMID:37339207). Genetic deletion of Il11 or Il11ra1, or anti-IL-11 therapy, protects against cardiac, pulmonary, renal, and hepatic fibrosis, suppresses tumor growth and metastasis, and extends mouse lifespan via an ERK-AMPK-mTORC1 aging axis, defining IL-11 as a non-redundant driver of fibrosis and aging (PMID:29160304, PMID:34239012, PMID:34108253, PMID:36470928, PMID:39020175). IL-11Rα ectodomain shedding by the rhomboid protease RHBDL2 generates a soluble receptor capable of trans-signaling through gp130, and IL-11R1 additionally mediates transcytosis of IL-11 across polarized epithelial barriers (PMID:9373251, PMID:33566379, PMID:27425614). Loss-of-function mutations in IL11RA, and a gp130 variant selectively abolishing IL-11 signaling, cause a human syndrome of craniosynostosis, maxillary hypoplasia, and dental anomalies (PMID:21741611, PMID:32566365).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 21 steps
  1. 1993 High

    Established that IL-11, despite distinct ligand binding, converges on the shared gp130 transducer used by IL-6, defining the molecular basis of its signaling.

    Evidence Anti-gp130 vs anti-IL-6R antibody neutralization with proliferation, phosphorylation, and junB readouts in TF-1 cells

    PMID:8360477

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not identify the IL-11-specific ligand-binding receptor chain
    • Downstream signaling branches not resolved
  2. 1996 High

    Identified IL-11Rα as the dedicated ligand-binding chain that obligately requires gp130 to assemble a functional high-affinity receptor.

    Evidence Receptor reconstitution by transfection of IL-11Rα +/- gp130 in Ba/F3 cells with radiolabeled binding and proliferation assays

    PMID:8637716

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor stoichiometry and structural architecture not defined
    • Downstream effectors not dissected
  3. 1995 Medium

    Resolved early intracellular branching, showing IL-11 activates JAK kinases, MAPKs, and pp90rsk, with pp90rsk—not STAT91 alone—critical for primary response gene induction.

    Evidence Kinase assays and H7 inhibitor studies with gene expression analysis in mouse preadipocytes

    PMID:7545369

    Open questions at the time
    • Pharmacological inhibitor specificity limits causal assignment
    • Relative contribution of ERK vs STAT to phenotype unresolved
  4. 1994 High

    Defined upstream control of IL-11, showing IL-1α and TGFβ synergistically induce its transcription in lung fibroblasts via pathways distinct from IL-6 regulation.

    Evidence ELISA, Northern blot, nuclear run-on, and pharmacological dissection in human lung fibroblasts

    PMID:8133053

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcription factors mediating induction not identified
    • Cell-type specificity of regulation not addressed
  5. 1997 High

    Demonstrated that a soluble IL-11Rα can signal in trans via gp130 but also act as an antagonist by sequestering limiting gp130, establishing dual modes of receptor function.

    Evidence Recombinant soluble receptor with Kd measurements, phosphorylation, and differentiation/proliferation assays

    PMID:9373251

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological source of soluble receptor not identified at this stage
    • In vivo relevance of trans-signaling not tested
  6. 2000 Medium

    Showed concentration-dependent signaling output, with low-dose IL-11 conferring STAT3/MAPK- and protein-synthesis-dependent cytoprotection without NF-κB activation.

    Evidence Phosphorylation Western blots, MEK inhibitor PD98059, and CTL/complement cytotoxicity assays in HUVECs

    PMID:10725745

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream cytoprotective effectors not yet identified
    • Single endothelial system
  7. 2004 Medium

    Identified survivin induction as a concrete cytoprotective effector of IL-11 in endothelium in vivo.

    Evidence Human skin graft/SCID alloinjury model with survivin antisense oligonucleotide and immunohistochemistry

    PMID:14734714

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling link from receptor to survivin not mapped
    • Single antisense approach
  8. 2005 High

    Placed IL-11Rα as a required downstream effector of IL-13-driven airway inflammation, fibrosis, and remodeling, linking IL-11 to type 2 tissue pathology.

    Evidence IL-11Rα null mice crossed to IL-13 transgenics with histology and gene expression

    PMID:15699166

    Open questions at the time
    • Cell type mediating IL-11Rα effects not defined
    • Signaling pathway downstream not dissected
  9. 2003 High

    Mapped the transcriptional machinery inducing IL-11, implicating AP-1/c-Jun and ERK/p38 MAPK with p38-dependent mRNA stabilization in myofibroblasts.

    Evidence EMSA, dominant-negative c-Jun adenovirus, MAPK inhibitors, ELISA, and Northern blot in intestinal myofibroblasts

    PMID:12760902

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of AP-1 control not tested
    • Did not link induced IL-11 to a phenotype
  10. 2008 High

    Established endogenous IL-11/IL-11Rα as required for type 2 airway inflammation and, separately, as a STAT3-driven promoter of gastric inflammation and tumorigenesis, revealing both inflammatory and oncogenic roles.

    Evidence IL-11Rα null mice with OVA challenge and IL-11 mutein antagonist; gp130/IL-11Rα/STAT genetic models with STAT3 antisense oligonucleotides

    PMID:18431520 PMID:18617680

    Open questions at the time
    • Cell-type-specific source of pathogenic IL-11 not resolved
    • Mechanistic separation of STAT1 vs STAT3 contributions incomplete
  11. 2009 High

    Extended IL-11/IL-11Rα function across reproduction, neuroprotection, and additional MAPK-driven induction pathways, showing context-dependent protective and pathogenic roles.

    Evidence PEGylated IL-11 antagonist in decidualization; IL-11Rα null EAE model with neuroprotection assays; Raf/MEK/ERK/MSK1/CREB dissection of IL-17F-induced IL-11

    PMID:19144959 PMID:19251839 PMID:19734214

    Open questions at the time
    • Tissue-specific receptor requirement not isolated genetically
    • Opposing protective vs pathogenic outcomes not mechanistically reconciled
  12. 2011 High

    Provided human genetic proof that loss of IL-11Rα-mediated signaling causes a developmental syndrome of craniosynostosis and dental anomalies.

    Evidence Homozygosity mapping, mutational analysis, transfection signaling assays, and Il11ra null mouse phenotyping

    PMID:21741611

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism connecting IL-11 to suture and tooth biology not defined
    • Did not address fibrosis roles
  13. 2013 High

    Linked IL-11 to hypoxic tumor biology, showing HIF-1/AP-1-driven, VHL-regulated IL-11 supports autocrine STAT1-dependent anchorage-independent growth.

    Evidence Promoter reporter/mutagenesis, IL-11/STAT1 siRNA, VHL reconstitution, and xenograft models

    PMID:23549086

    Open questions at the time
    • STAT1 vs STAT3 selectivity in this context not fully explained
    • Single tumor model
  14. 2016 High

    Revealed receptor-intrinsic transcytosis and identified additional transcriptional inducers, broadening IL-11 receptor functions beyond classical signaling.

    Evidence Polarized transcytosis assays with IL-11R1 intracellular domain swaps; HMGA2 ChIP-PCR and reporter assays in colorectal cancer

    PMID:26964871 PMID:27425614

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological cargo/role of transcytosis in vivo unclear
    • Trafficking machinery for transcytosis not identified
  15. 2017 High

    Reframed IL-11 as the dominant TGFβ1-induced, fibroblast-autocrine driver of fibrosis acting through non-canonical ERK signaling, and placed IL-11 downstream of stromal LKB1 loss in tumorigenesis.

    Evidence Imaging-genomics of human fibroblasts, fibroblast-specific transgenic and Il11ra1 knockout mice with ERK assays; mesenchymal Lkb1 conditional knockout with ruxolitinib

    PMID:29160304 PMID:29202476

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular steps from ERK to fibrogenic translation not yet detailed
    • Contribution of STAT3 not fully excluded across tissues
  16. 2018 Medium

    Demonstrated IL-11-driven autocrine JAK signaling underlies therapy resistance in cancer, expanding its oncogenic signaling repertoire.

    Evidence qHTCS screen, anti-IL-11 antibody, and JAK2 inhibitor in ovarian cancer in vitro and xenografts

    PMID:29662190

    Open questions at the time
    • JAK2-STAT5 axis not validated genetically
    • Single cancer context
  17. 2020 High

    Defined cell-type-specific and senescence-linked fibrotic mechanisms and structurally established gp130's selectivity for IL-11 signaling.

    Evidence Fibroblast-specific Il11ra1 conditional knockout in bleomycin lung injury; Bmi-1/p16INK4a models of the TGFβ1/IL-11/MEK/ERK axis; IL6ST p.R279Q genome-edited mice and patient cells

    PMID:31959867 PMID:32566365 PMID:32656894

    Open questions at the time
    • How fibroblast ERK signaling relays to immune STAT3/NF-κB not fully mapped
    • Structural basis of gp130 selectivity for IL-11 not resolved at atomic level
  18. 2021 High

    Consolidated the non-canonical ERK/mTOR translational mechanism of fibrogenesis, distinguished it from transient STAT3 signaling, identified RHBDL2-mediated soluble receptor generation, and expanded inflammatory/oncogenic roles including CD4+ T cell suppression and hepatotoxicity.

    Evidence Il11ra1-null fibroblasts with ERK/mTOR/P70RSK and EPRS ribosome-stalling analysis; RHBDL2 cleavage-site mutagenesis with trans-signaling assays; Il11 knockout and germline/hepatocyte-specific Il11ra1 models in lung and liver injury; CD4+ T cell adoptive transfer and depletion; MAFF-BACH1 and piR-2158 promoter studies

    PMID:33566379 PMID:33590875 PMID:33906864 PMID:34108253 PMID:34239012 PMID:34262028 PMID:34651016 PMID:36012165 PMID:37153732

    Open questions at the time
    • Reconciliation of IL-11Rα-dependent vs -independent STAT3 activation incomplete
    • Relative in vivo weight of trans-signaling vs classical signaling unresolved
  19. 2022 High

    Identified the core IL-11/ERK/P90RSK/LKB1/AMPK/mTOR signaling axis and extended IL-11 fibrosis biology to vascular and pancreatic stromal disease.

    Evidence Phospho-LKB1 S325/S428 mapping with AMPK/mTOR and metformin studies; Fbn1 Marfan mouse with Il11ra1 knockout and anti-IL11RA antibody; PSC IL-11 vs IL-6 comparison with anti-IL11RA antibody

    PMID:35135328 PMID:35408908 PMID:35992082

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct kinase responsible for LKB1 phosphorylation context not fully defined
    • Why ERK is sustained selectively by IL-11 vs IL-6 unresolved
  20. 2023 High

    Extended IL-11 to innate immune amplification via NLRP3 inflammasome activation in monocytes and detailed STAT3/ERK-dependent renal EMT, with druggable competitive inhibition.

    Evidence scRNA-seq of IL-11-stimulated PBMCs and MS CSF cells with anti-IL-11 mAb in EAE; RTEC STAT3/ERK-metadherin dissection with micheliolide competitive binding and UUO model

    PMID:37339207 PMID:37673330

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct receptor-to-NLRP3 signaling steps not fully mapped
    • Micheliolide binding-site mechanism inferred indirectly
  21. 2024 High

    Established IL-11 as a driver of organismal aging via the ERK-AMPK-mTORC1 axis, and uncovered post-transcriptional (m6A) regulation and a non-canonical EGFR ligand role expanding its signaling biology.

    Evidence Il11/Il11ra1 knockout and anti-IL-11 lifespan/metabolic studies; ALKBH5 RIP-seq and macrophage-specific knockout with rescue; astrocyte IL-11/EGFR brain metastasis models; IL-11/JAK1/STAT4-CBP-c-MYC in prostate cancer

    PMID:38429845 PMID:38443404 PMID:38696655 PMID:39020175

    Open questions at the time
    • EGFR-as-IL-11-receptor not independently replicated
    • JAK1/STAT4 pathway novel and not yet confirmed in other contexts

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved how IL-11 selectively sustains non-canonical ERK signaling versus transient STAT3, and what determines its opposing protective versus pathogenic outcomes across tissues.
  • No structural model explaining receptor-level bias toward ERK vs STAT3
  • Mechanistic basis for IL-11Rα-independent STAT3 activation by recombinant IL-11 unexplained
  • Physiological balance of classical vs trans- vs transcytotic signaling in vivo unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 3 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 3 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 2
Partners
EGFRIL11RAIL6ST
Complex memberships
IL-11Rα/gp130 receptor complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 44 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1993 IL-11 and IL-6 share the common signal transducer gp130; anti-gp130 antibodies abolished IL-11-induced cell proliferation, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and junB gene expression in TF-1 cells, whereas anti-IL-6R antibody had no effect on IL-11 signaling, demonstrating that IL-11 uses a distinct ligand-binding protein but the same gp130 signal transducer as IL-6. Anti-gp130 antibody neutralization, tyrosine phosphorylation assay, gene expression assay in TF-1 cells Journal of immunology High 8360477
1995 IL-11 activates JAK tyrosine kinases, MAP kinases, and pp90rsk; pp90rsk was identified as an H7-sensitive kinase critical for primary response gene (JunB, tis11, tis8) expression induced by IL-11; STAT91 tyrosine phosphorylation occurs but is not sufficient alone for primary response gene activation. Kinase activity assays, H7 inhibitor studies, gene expression analysis in mouse preadipocytes Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Medium 7545369
1996 The human IL-11 receptor alpha chain (IL-11Rα) absolutely requires gp130 for signaling; expression of IL-11Rα alone in Ba/F3 cells allowed IL-11 binding but no proliferative response, whereas co-expression of IL-11Rα with human gp130 generated high-affinity binding sites and IL-11-dependent proliferation. Molecular cloning, receptor transfection in Ba/F3 and M1 cells, radiolabeled IL-11 binding, proliferation assay, macrophage differentiation assay Oncogene High 8637716
1994 IL-1α and TGF-β (β1 and β2) are dose-dependent stimulators of IL-11 protein production, mRNA accumulation, and gene transcription in human lung fibroblasts, acting synergistically via largely PKC- and cyclic nucleotide-independent but partially calmodulin-dependent pathways; these regulation pathways are distinct from those governing IL-6. ELISA for IL-11 protein, Northern blot for mRNA, nuclear run-on for gene transcription, pharmacological inhibitors (HA1004, staurosporine, phorbol ester, W7, TFP, A23187) Journal of immunology High 8133053
1997 A soluble form of the IL-11 receptor alpha chain (sIL-11R) can signal in trans via gp130 (inducing gp130 phosphorylation, STAT3, and SHP-2 phosphorylation) but requires 10–20-fold higher IL-11 concentrations than membrane-bound receptor; sIL-11R can also act as an IL-11 antagonist by competing for limiting gp130 on cells expressing the transmembrane receptor. Recombinant protein expression, receptor binding assays (Kd measurements), phosphorylation assays, M1 differentiation assay, Ba/F3 proliferation assay Blood High 9373251
2000 IL-11 induces rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of gp130, STAT3 (at 0.1 ng/ml) and STAT1 (at 10 ng/ml), and phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAPKs in HUVECs; at low (STAT3/MAPK-activating) concentrations, IL-11 confers cytoprotection against immune-mediated injury in a protein synthesis- and MEK1-dependent manner without activating NF-κB. Western blot for phosphorylation, MEK inhibitor (PD98059), functional cytotoxicity assay with CTL and complement Journal of immunology Medium 10725745
2003 In human intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts, IL-1β and TGF-β1 induce IL-11 secretion via AP-1 (c-Jun) activation and through ERK p42/44 and p38 MAPK pathways; p38 MAPK also mediates IL-11 mRNA stabilization; dominant-negative c-Jun adenovirus blocked IL-11 induction. EMSA for AP-1 binding, dominant-negative c-Jun adenovirus, MAP kinase inhibitors (SB-202190, PD-98059, U-0216), ELISA, Northern blot American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology High 12760902
2004 IL-11 protects human microvascular endothelium from alloinjury in vivo by upregulating survivin expression in endothelial cells and keratinocytes; topical survivin antisense oligonucleotide abrogated IL-11-mediated protection, identifying survivin induction as the cytoprotective mechanism. Human skin graft/SCID mouse alloinjury model, intradermal IL-11 injection, survivin antisense oligonucleotide, immunohistochemistry Journal of immunology Medium 14734714
2005 IL-11Rα (IL-11 receptor alpha) is required for IL-13-induced inflammation, fibrosis, hyaluronic acid accumulation, myofibroblast accumulation, alveolar remodeling, mucus metaplasia, and respiratory failure in mice; IL-13 stimulates CC chemokines, MMPs, mucin genes, and gob-5 via IL-11Rα-dependent pathways. IL-11Rα null mutant mice crossed to IL-13-overexpressing transgenic mice, histology, gene expression analysis Journal of immunology High 15699166
2008 IL-11 promotes chronic gastric inflammation and associated tumorigenesis via excessive STAT3 and STAT1 activation; gp130(Y757F/Y757F) mice lacking IL-11Rα showed normal gastric STAT3 activation and failed to develop gastric tumors; reducing STAT3 activity (genetically or with antisense oligonucleotides) normalized gastric IL-11 expression. Genetic mouse models (gp130 mutant, IL-11Rα knockout, STAT3/STAT1 reduction), STAT3 antisense oligonucleotides, histology, immunohistochemistry The Journal of clinical investigation High 18431520
2008 Endogenous IL-11 signaling via IL-11Rα is required for antigen-induced Th2 eosinophilic inflammation, mucus production, and IL-13 production in the murine lung; an antagonistic IL-11 mutein reduced OVA-induced inflammation, mucus responses, and IL-13 production. IL-11Rα null mutant mice, OVA sensitization/challenge model, IL-11 mutein antagonist administration, BAL and lung analysis American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology High 18617680
2009 IL-17F induces IL-11 expression in bronchial epithelial cells via the Raf1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2-MSK1-CREB signaling pathway; siRNA knockdown of MSK1 inhibited CREB activation and IL-11 expression; Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) augmented this response. MEK inhibitors (PD-98059, U0126), Raf1 dominant-negative mutant overexpression, MSK1 inhibitors (Ro-31-8220, H89), MSK1 and CREB siRNA, phosphorylation assays American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology High 19251839
2009 IL-11 signaling via IL-11Rα is required for uterine stromal decidualization; a PEGylated IL-11 antagonist administered to mice during early decidualization blocked IL-11 action in decidual cells (reducing cyclin D3 expression) and completely abolished pregnancy; IL-11 antagonist reduced STAT3 phosphorylation in human endometrial cells. In vivo PEGylated IL-11 antagonist administration in mice, immunohistochemistry for cyclin D3, STAT3 phosphorylation assay in HES cells Biology of reproduction Medium 19144959
2009 IL-11 regulates autoimmune demyelination via immunoregulation (modulation of CD11c+ APC-mediated lymphocyte activation, reducing T effector cytokine production) and direct neuroprotection (reducing oligodendrocyte progenitor apoptosis and potentiating mitosis); IL-11Rα-null mice showed exacerbated EAE severity. IL-11Rα null mutant mice in EAE model, exogenous IL-11 treatment, T cell/APC co-culture cytokine assays, oligodendrocyte progenitor culture apoptosis/mitosis assays Journal of immunology High 19734214
2011 Mutations in IL11RA that render the receptor unable to mediate IL-11 signaling cause a human syndrome of craniosynostosis, maxillary hypoplasia, delayed tooth eruption, and supernumerary teeth; cell-transfection experiments confirmed the p.Arg296Trp mutation causes loss of IL-11 signaling function. Homozygosity mapping, mutational analysis, cell transfection signaling assay, Il11ra null mouse phenotyping American journal of human genetics High 21741611
2013 IL-11 is a hypoxia-inducible, VHL-regulated gene in human cancer cells; HIF-1 and AP-1 cooperatively mediate transcriptional activation of the IL-11 promoter; autocrine IL-11 production under hypoxia increases anchorage-independent growth via IL-11Rα-triggered STAT1-dependent signaling; IL-11 silencing abrogated hypoxia-induced tumor growth. Luciferase reporter assays for IL-11 promoter (HIF-1/AP-1 mutagenesis), siRNA knockdown of IL-11 and STAT1, VHL reconstitution, xenograft tumor models The Journal of clinical investigation High 23549086
2015 IL-11 induces differentiation of CD11b+CD14+ monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) from PBMCs via STAT3 phosphorylation through the IL-11Rα/gp130/JAK/STAT3 pathway; MDSC generated in the presence of IL-11 expressed higher arginase-1 and suppressed T cell proliferation. PBMC culture with IL-11, flow cytometry, STAT3 phosphorylation assay, T cell co-culture suppression assay Scientific reports Medium 28781374
2016 HMGA2 directly binds the IL-11 promoter and induces its transcriptional activity; IL-11 downstream of HMGA2 modulates cell migration and invasion through pSTAT3-dependent signaling in colorectal cancer cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR, luciferase reporter assay, HMGA2 overexpression/silencing, invasion assays Carcinogenesis Medium 26964871
2017 IL-11 is the dominant TGFβ1-induced transcript in primary human fibroblasts and is required for TGFβ1's pro-fibrotic effect; IL-11 and IL-11Rα are expressed specifically in fibroblasts and drive non-canonical, ERK-dependent autocrine signaling required for fibrogenic protein synthesis; fibroblast-specific Il11 transgene expression or IL-11 injection causes heart and kidney fibrosis, while Il11ra1 deletion protects against fibrosis. Integrated imaging-genomics of human fibroblasts, fibroblast-specific transgenic mice, Il11ra1 knockout mice, ERK pathway assays, organ histology and function Nature High 29160304
2017 Stromal/fibroblast loss of LKB1 induces IL-11 production and activation of the JAK/STAT3 pathway in tumor epithelia; JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib dramatically decreased polyposis in LKB1-deficient mice, placing IL-11-JAK/STAT3 downstream of LKB1 loss in gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. Mesenchymal Lkb1 conditional knockout mice, lineage tracing, immunohistochemistry, ruxolitinib treatment The Journal of clinical investigation High 29202476
2018 Autocrine JAK2 activation by IL-11 (via FRA1-mediated IL-11 expression induced by elevated ROS) mediates platinum drug resistance in ovarian cancer via JAK2-STAT5 signaling; JAK2 inhibitor or anti-IL-11 antibody overcomes resistance in vitro and in vivo. qHTCS screen, genomic sequencing, anti-IL-11 antibody, JAK2 inhibitor (LY2784544), in vitro and xenograft models Oncogene Medium 29662190
2020 TGFβ1-induced IL-11 upregulation in fibroblasts drives pulmonary fibrosis via a TGF-β1/IL-11/MEK/ERK (TIME) signaling axis; anti-IL-11 antibody or MEK inhibitor PD98059 blocked senescence-associated collagen deposition; cytoplasmic p16INK4a accumulation in senescent fibroblasts upregulated MEK/ERK by inhibiting nuclear translocation of pERK1/2. Bmi-1 knockout mouse model, anti-IL-11 antibody, MEK inhibitor, p16INK4a/Bmi-1 double knockout, pulmonary fibroblast and AT2 cell culture Experimental & molecular medicine Medium 31959867
2020 Fibroblast-specific IL-11Rα signaling drives chronic (but not acute) lung inflammation following bleomycin injury; conditional knockout of Il11ra1 in adult fibroblasts reduced ERK activation in fibroblasts and STAT3 phosphorylation in immune cells, and diminished NF-κB phosphorylation and pro-inflammatory gene activation. Fibroblast-specific Il11ra1 conditional knockout (loxP/Cre), bleomycin lung injury model, neutralizing anti-IL-11 antibodies, ERK/STAT3/NF-κB western blotting FASEB journal High 32656894
2021 IL-11 drives fibrogenesis in fibroblasts through ERK/mTOR/P70RSK protein translation rather than STAT3; recombinant human IL-11 increases pSTAT3 in Il11ra1-null fibroblasts (indicating STAT3 activation by rhIL11 is IL-11Rα-independent); STAT3 inhibition causes ER stress and cell death; IL-11 selectively promotes Collagen 1 synthesis via an EPRS-regulated ribosome stalling mechanism; nintedanib causes dose-dependent ER stress. Il11ra1 null fibroblasts, ERK/mTOR/P70RSK inhibitors, STAT3 inhibitors, ER stress assays, ribosome stalling analysis, nintedanib/pirfenidone drug studies Frontiers in molecular biosciences High 34651016
2021 IL-11 deletion (Il11-/-) places Il11 activity upstream of IL-6 in the bleomycin lung injury model; Il11-/- mice are protected from pulmonary fibrosis and show lesser ERK, STAT3, and NF-κB activation with reduced Il1b, Timp1, Ccl2 and IL-6 expression; unlike Il11ra1-/- mice, Il11-/- mice do not have craniosynostosis or long bone mass changes. Il11 knockout mice generation, bleomycin lung injury, ERK/STAT3/NF-κB assays, hematological profiling, bone phenotyping Scientific reports High 34239012
2021 IL-11 stimulates ERK activation leading to fibrogenesis in dermal fibroblasts independently of STAT3, TGFβ upregulation, and SMAD2/3 phosphorylation; TGFβ isoforms induce IL-11 secretion from dermal fibroblasts creating an autocrine loop; ERK inhibition phenocopied anti-IL-11 antibody in preventing TGFβ-induced HDF-to-myofibroblast transformation. IL-11 neutralizing antibody, IL11RA siRNA, ERK inhibitor, STAT3/SMAD2/3 western blotting, myofibroblast transformation assays, HDF cultures from SSc patients Rheumatology High 33590875
2021 The MAFF-BACH1 heterodimer directly transcriptionally activates IL-11 expression (identified by ChIP-seq and RNA-seq), leading to STAT3 signaling activation; IL-11 inhibition suppresses tumor metastasis to similar levels as MAFF inhibition in breast cancer. ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, IL-11 inhibition, in vivo metastasis models Nature communications High 34262028
2021 IL-11 stimulation of fibroblasts causes transient STAT3 phosphorylation and sustained ERK activation, triggering a proinflammatory transcriptional program including robust IL-33 upregulation (38-fold); STAT3 inhibition (but not MEK/ERK inhibition) prevented IL-11-induced IL33 expression; IL-11 stimulated a proinflammatory secretome including IL8, IL6, MCP1, CCL20, CXCL1/5/6. RNA sequencing time course, proteomic secretome analysis, STAT3 and MEK/ERK inhibitors, primary human kidney/lung/skin fibroblasts International journal of molecular sciences High 36012165
2021 The rhomboid intramembrane protease RHBDL2 cleaves the IL-11 receptor between Ala-370 and Ser-371 in the extracellular domain (proximal to the plasma membrane), generating soluble IL-11R (sIL-11R) capable of IL-11 trans-signaling; RHBDL2 can cleave IL-11R within the early secretory pathway; the human mutation IL-11R-A370V prevents RHBDL2-mediated cleavage but does not impede classical IL-11 signaling. RHBDL2 overexpression, cleavage site mapping, transmembrane domain mutagenesis, IL-11 trans-signaling assays, subcellular localization studies FASEB journal High 33566379
2021 Species-matched IL-11 is hepatotoxic rather than hepatoprotective; IL-11 secreted from APAP-damaged hepatocytes triggers an autocrine loop of NOX4-dependent cell death downstream of mitochondrial dysfunction; hepatocyte-specific deletion of Il11ra1 or germline deletion of Il11 protected against APAP-induced liver injury with reduced JNK and ERK activation. Hepatocyte-specific Il11ra1 conditional knockout, Il11 germline knockout, anti-IL-11RA neutralizing antibody, NOX4 pathway analysis, JNK/ERK western blotting, APAP liver injury model Science translational medicine High 34108253
2021 IL-11 suppresses host CD4+ T cell-mediated antitumor responses; adoptive bone marrow transfer and in vivo CD4+ T cell depletion showed the tumor-promoting activity of IL-11 is mediated through suppression of CD4+ T cells; IL11Rα-deficient CD4+ T cells showed elevated IFNγ and TNFα expression; IL-11 potently suppressed IFNγ, TNFα, IL-6, and IL-12p70 production by CD4+ T cells in vitro. Adoptive bone marrow transfer, in vivo T cell depletion, Il11ra conditional knockout, in vitro cytokine suppression assays, RNAscope, syngeneic tumor models Cancer immunology research High 33906864
2021 IL-11 stimulation of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) induces ERK- and p90RSK-mediated GSK3β inactivation, SNAI1 upregulation, and pro-inflammatory gene expression; TEC-specific deletion of Il11ra1 reduces pathogenic signaling and protects from renal injury-induced inflammation, fibrosis, and failure; anti-IL-11 therapy promotes TEC proliferation and parenchymal regeneration in chronic kidney disease. TEC-specific Il11ra1 conditional knockout, anti-IL-11 neutralizing antibody, ERK/p90RSK/GSK3β/SNAI1 pathway assays, acute and chronic kidney injury mouse models Nature communications High 36470928
2022 IL-11 stimulates an ERK/P90RSK axis that phosphorylates LKB1 at S325 and S428, causing LKB1 inactivation, which in turn inhibits AMPK and activates mTOR; this IL-11/ERK/LKB1/AMPK/mTOR axis drives myofibroblast transformation in stromal cells and mesenchymal transition in hepatocytes and epithelial cells; metformin-stimulated AMPK activation inhibits IL-11-induced phenotypes. Phospho-LKB1 site-specific analysis (S325, S428), AMPK/mTOR assays, metformin treatment, genetic manipulation of IL-11 in fatty liver disease mouse model, multiple cell types iScience High 35992082
2022 In Marfan syndrome aortic VSMCs, IL-11 is upregulated and drives ERK-dependent collagen secretion, MMP2/9 expression, aortic dilation, fibrosis, and inflammation; genetic deletion of Il11ra1 or therapeutic anti-IL11RA antibody (X209) reduced aortic pathology and ERK/COL1A1/MMP2/9 expression. Fbn1C1041G/+ Marfan mouse model, Il11-EGFP reporter, Il11ra1 knockout crossed to MFS mice, anti-IL11RA antibody X209, echocardiography, histology, immunoblotting Circulation research High 35135328
2022 IL-11 activates pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which specifically express IL11RA in the pancreas, causing transient STAT3 phosphorylation and sustained ERK activation leading to PSC-to-myofibroblast transformation; IL-6 stimulation caused sustained STAT3 phosphorylation without ERK activation or PSC transformation; TGFβ, CTGF, and PDGF induced IL-11 secretion from PSCs via autocrine IL-11 activity; anti-IL11RA antibody prevented PSC activation. PSC culture with IL-11 vs IL-6, ERK/STAT3 assays, anti-IL11RA neutralizing antibody, pancreatic duct ligation mouse model, NF-κB signaling analysis International journal of molecular sciences High 35408908
2023 IL-11 in monocytes induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation (upregulating NFKB1, NLRP3, IL1B by scRNA-seq); IL-11R+ monocytes in CSF of MS patients upregulate NLRP3 inflammasome genes, complement, IL-18, and migratory genes (VEGFA/B); anti-IL-11 mAb in EAE mice decreased NFκBp65+, NLRP3+, and IL-1β+ monocytes in the CNS. Single-cell RNA sequencing of IL-11-stimulated PBMCs, IL-11R+-sorted CSF cells, anti-IL-11 mAb treatment in EAE mice PNAS High 37339207
2023 IL-11-induced renal tubular epithelial cell EMT is dependent on sequential activation of STAT3 and ERK1/2 signaling and upregulation of metadherin (MTDH); micheliolide (MCL) competitively inhibits IL-11 binding to IL-11Rα1, suppressing STAT3/ERK1/2-metadherin pathways and inhibiting IL-11-induced EMT and fibrosis. IL-11 stimulation of RTECs, STAT3/ERK inhibitors, MCL competitive binding assay, UUO mouse model, dimethylaminomicheliolide (DMAMCL) in vivo The American journal of pathology Medium 37673330
2024 As mice age, IL-11 upregulates across tissues to regulate an ERK-AMPK-mTORC1 axis governing cellular and organismal aging pathologies; deletion of Il11 or Il11ra1 protects against metabolic decline, multi-morbidity, and frailty; anti-IL-11 treatment of aged mice improves metabolism and muscle function; genetic deletion of Il11 extended lifespan by 24.9% on average. Il11 and Il11ra1 knockout mice, anti-IL-11 antibody administration from 75 weeks, ERK/AMPK/mTORC1 pathway assays, lifespan studies in both sexes Nature High 39020175
2024 ALKBH5-mediated m6A demethylation of IL-11 mRNA increases IL-11 mRNA stability and protein levels in cardiac macrophages, driving macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT) under hypertensive stress; macrophage-specific ALKBH5 knockout inhibited MMT and cardiac fibrosis; IL-11 overexpression in macrophages reversed the ALKBH5-deficient phenotype. RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing, macrophage-specific ALKBH5 knockout, lineage tracing, parabiosis, single-cell transcriptomics, siRNA targeting ALKBH5 and IL11RA1 in monocytes Nature communications High 38443404
2024 IL-11 functions as a ligand of EGFR in brain metastasis from EGFR-mutated NSCLC; IL-11 secreted from reactive astrocytes binds EGFR on tumor cells activating downstream signaling to upregulate PDL1 and promote CD8+ T cell apoptosis; IL-11 also signals via its canonical IL-11Rα/gp130 receptor; combined gp130 and EGFR inhibition suppressed brain metastasis growth. Co-culture of astrocytes and tumor cells, EGFR binding/activation assays, PDL1 expression analysis, in vivo brain metastasis models, gp130 and EGFR inhibitors Advanced science Medium 38696655
2016 IL-11R1 (but not IL-11R2 or IL-6R) promotes transcytosis of IL-11 across polarized epithelial cell barriers; basolaterally supplied IL-11 is transported to the apical side in an IL-11R1-dependent, intracellular domain-dependent manner; synthetic transfer of the IL-11R1 intracellular domain to IL-6R confers transcytotic activity on IL-6. Polarized cell transcytosis assays, domain swap experiments (IL-11R1 intracellular domain transferred to IL-6R), comparison of IL-11R1 vs IL-11R2 vs IL-6R Cell reports High 27425614
2020 A homozygous variant in IL6ST (p.R281Q/p.R279Q in mice) causes selective loss of IL-11 signaling without affecting IL-6, IL-27, OSM, LIF, CT-1, CLC, and CNTF signaling; this selectivity phenocopies aspects of IL-11Rα deficiency (craniosynostosis, teeth abnormalities, reduced litter size). In vitro transfected cell line signaling assays, primary patient-derived cells, genome-edited mouse model (Il6st p.R279Q) Bone research High 32566365
2021 piR-2158 acts as a transcriptional repressor of IL-11 by competing with AP-1 transcription factor subunit FOSL1 to bind the IL-11 promoter; STAT3 signaling mediates piR-2158-IL-11 regulation of cancer cell stemness, tumor growth, and angiogenesis in breast cancer. RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, luciferase reporter assays, FOSL1 competition assays, STAT3 signaling assays Theranostics Medium 37153732
2024 Autocrine IL-11/IL-11RA signaling in docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer activates JAK1/STAT4 pathway; activated pSTAT4 translocates to the nucleus, binds CBP at the c-MYC promoter, and amplifies c-MYC transcription; disruption of IL-11/IL-11RA or JAK1/STAT4 reduces pSTAT4 nuclear binding to CBP and restores docetaxel sensitivity. Single-cell secretion profiling, ChIP-seq for pSTAT4, Co-IP of pSTAT4 and CBP, luciferase reporter assay, IL-11/IL-11RA inhibition in prostate cancer cells Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research Medium 38429845

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2017 IL-11 is a crucial determinant of cardiovascular fibrosis. Nature 519 29160304
2008 STAT3 and STAT1 mediate IL-11-dependent and inflammation-associated gastric tumorigenesis in gp130 receptor mutant mice. The Journal of clinical investigation 311 18431520
1993 Involvement of IL-6 signal transducer gp130 in IL-11-mediated signal transduction. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 250 8360477
1996 Targeted expression of IL-11 in the murine airway causes lymphocytic inflammation, bronchial remodeling, and airways obstruction. The Journal of clinical investigation 177 8981933
2024 Inhibition of IL-11 signalling extends mammalian healthspan and lifespan. Nature 168 39020175
2011 Inactivation of IL11 signaling causes craniosynostosis, delayed tooth eruption, and supernumerary teeth. American journal of human genetics 148 21741611
2018 Meta-analysis of Icelandic and UK data sets identifies missense variants in SMO, IL11, COL11A1 and 13 more new loci associated with osteoarthritis. Nature genetics 126 30374069
2016 Cancer-associated fibroblasts treated with cisplatin facilitates chemoresistance of lung adenocarcinoma through IL-11/IL-11R/STAT3 signaling pathway. Scientific reports 123 27922075
2020 TGF-β1/IL-11/MEK/ERK signaling mediates senescence-associated pulmonary fibrosis in a stress-induced premature senescence model of Bmi-1 deficiency. Experimental & molecular medicine 122 31959867
2010 More than a sidekick: the IL-6 family cytokine IL-11 links inflammation to cancer. Journal of leukocyte biology 119 20610798
2000 IL-11 expression is increased in severe asthma: association with epithelial cells and eosinophils. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 117 10669841
2016 miR-206 Inhibits Stemness and Metastasis of Breast Cancer by Targeting MKL1/IL11 Pathway. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 108 27435395
2015 Emerging roles for IL-11 signaling in cancer development and progression: Focus on breast cancer. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 104 26209885
2016 The role of IL-11 in immunity and cancer. Cancer letters 103 26826523
2021 The HIF target MAFF promotes tumor invasion and metastasis through IL11 and STAT3 signaling. Nature communications 100 34262028
1994 IL-1 and transforming growth factor-beta regulation of fibroblast-derived IL-11. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 98 8133053
2024 ALKBH5-mediated m6A modification of IL-11 drives macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition and pathological cardiac fibrosis in mice. Nature communications 97 38443404
1996 IL-11 enhances survival and decreases TNF production after radiation-induced thoracic injury. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 88 8759759
2002 Secretion of IL-6, IL-11 and LIF by human cardiomyocytes in primary culture. Cytokine 82 12126642
2014 Molecular pathways: IL11 as a tumor-promoting cytokine-translational implications for cancers. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 79 25074610
2003 Regulation of IL-11 expression in intestinal myofibroblasts: role of c-Jun AP-1- and MAPK-dependent pathways. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 79 12760902
2019 Hepatectomy promotes recurrence of liver cancer by enhancing IL-11-STAT3 signaling. EBioMedicine 76 31375423
1992 Genomic sequence and chromosomal location of human interleukin-11 gene (IL11). Genomics 75 1386338
2021 Emerging roles for IL-11 in inflammatory diseases. Cytokine 74 34689057
2015 IL-11 signaling as a therapeutic target for cancer. Immunotherapy 73 25917632
1996 The human IL-11 receptor requires gp130 for signalling: demonstration by molecular cloning of the receptor. Oncogene 72 8637716
2020 IL-11 in cardiac and renal fibrosis: Late to the party but a central player. British journal of pharmacology 70 32022251
2013 Autocrine production of IL-11 mediates tumorigenicity in hypoxic cancer cells. The Journal of clinical investigation 70 23549086
2023 IL-11 induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation in monocytes and inflammatory cell migration to the central nervous system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 67 37339207
2018 Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote the Chemo-resistance in Gastric Cancer through Secreting IL-11 Targeting JAK/STAT3/Bcl2 Pathway. Cancer research and treatment 65 29690750
2005 IL-11 receptor alpha in the pathogenesis of IL-13-induced inflammation and remodeling. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 65 15699166
2022 Targeting endogenous kidney regeneration using anti-IL11 therapy in acute and chronic models of kidney disease. Nature communications 63 36470928
2017 Stromal Lkb1 deficiency leads to gastrointestinal tumorigenesis involving the IL-11-JAK/STAT3 pathway. The Journal of clinical investigation 63 29202476
2016 Transcriptional activation of FN1 and IL11 by HMGA2 promotes the malignant behavior of colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 63 26964871
2009 IL-11 regulates autoimmune demyelination. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 63 19734214
2021 Redefining IL11 as a regeneration-limiting hepatotoxin and therapeutic target in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Science translational medicine 62 34108253
2000 IL-11 activates human endothelial cells to resist immune-mediated injury. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 62 10725745
2020 Fibroblast-specific IL11 signaling drives chronic inflammation in murine fibrotic lung disease. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 61 32656894
2018 IL-11 facilitates a novel connection between RA joint fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Angiogenesis 61 29327326
2008 Endogenous IL-11 signaling is essential in Th2- and IL-13-induced inflammation and mucus production. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 61 18617680
2021 IL11 is elevated in systemic sclerosis and IL11-dependent ERK signalling underlies TGFβ-mediated activation of dermal fibroblasts. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 60 33590875
2013 Dietary iron enhances colonic inflammation and IL-6/IL-11-Stat3 signaling promoting colonic tumor development in mice. PloS one 59 24223168
2022 IL11 Stimulates IL33 Expression and Proinflammatory Fibroblast Activation across Tissues. International journal of molecular sciences 58 36012165
2016 TMED3 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via IL-11/STAT3 signaling. Scientific reports 58 27901021
1997 Blood thrombopoietin, IL-6 and IL-11 levels in patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. Leukemia 58 9369414
2015 IL-11 Induces Th17 Cell Responses in Patients with Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 54 25895532
2011 IL-11 is a parietal cell cytokine that induces atrophic gastritis. Gut 53 22180059
2019 IL-11 Induces Encephalitogenic Th17 Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 50 31341075
2021 RNA Sequencing Reveals Interacting Key Determinants of Osteoarthritis Acting in Subchondral Bone and Articular Cartilage: Identification of IL11 and CHADL as Attractive Treatment Targets. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 48 33258547
2009 IL11 antagonist inhibits uterine stromal differentiation, causing pregnancy failure in mice. Biology of reproduction 48 19144959
2017 IL-11 contribution to tumorigenesis in an NRF2 addiction cancer model. Oncogene 47 28714957
2005 Multiple and highly divergent IL-11 genes in teleost fish. Immunogenetics 45 16003467
2000 IL-11 selectively inhibits aeroallergen-induced pulmonary eosinophilia and Th2 cytokine production. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 45 10925310
2021 Molecular Dissection of Pro-Fibrotic IL11 Signaling in Cardiac and Pulmonary Fibroblasts. Frontiers in molecular biosciences 44 34651016
2021 Similarities and differences between IL11 and IL11RA1 knockout mice for lung fibro-inflammation, fertility and craniosynostosis. Scientific reports 41 34239012
2018 Autocrine activation of JAK2 by IL-11 promotes platinum drug resistance. Oncogene 41 29662190
2004 IL-11 protects human microvascular endothelium from alloinjury in vivo by induction of survivin expression. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 41 14734714
2019 YAP promotes the malignancy of endometrial cancer cells via regulation of IL-6 and IL-11. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 39 31299894
2001 IL-11: insights in asthma from overexpression transgenic modeling. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 39 11590369
2022 A Neutralizing IL-11 Antibody Improves Renal Function and Increases Lifespan in a Mouse Model of Alport Syndrome. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 38 35140116
2022 IL11 stimulates ERK/P90RSK to inhibit LKB1/AMPK and activate mTOR initiating a mesenchymal program in stromal, epithelial, and cancer cells. iScience 37 35992082
2022 Inhibition of IL11 Signaling Reduces Aortic Pathology in Murine Marfan Syndrome. Circulation research 36 35135328
1997 Recombinant soluble interleukin-11 (IL-11) receptor alpha-chain can act as an IL-11 antagonist. Blood 36 9373251
2023 IL11 signaling mediates piR-2158 suppression of cell stemness and angiogenesis in breast cancer. Theranostics 35 37153732
2021 Host IL11 Signaling Suppresses CD4+ T cell-Mediated Antitumor Responses to Colon Cancer in Mice. Cancer immunology research 35 33906864
2021 Interleukin-11 (IL-11) receptor cleavage by the rhomboid protease RHBDL2 induces IL-11 trans-signaling. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 33 33566379
2018 CUL1 promotes breast cancer metastasis through regulating EZH2-induced the autocrine expression of the cytokines CXCL8 and IL11. Cell death & disease 33 30578411
2009 IL-17F-induced IL-11 release in bronchial epithelial cells via MSK1-CREB pathway. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 32 19251839
2002 IL-11 pretreatment reduces cell death after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. The Journal of surgical research 32 12505051
2011 Interleukin (IL)11 mediates protein secretion and modification in human extravillous trophoblasts. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 31 21840908
2024 Brain Metastasis from EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Secretion of IL11 from Astrocytes Up-Regulates PDL1 and Promotes Immune Escape. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 30 38696655
2016 Transcytosis of IL-11 and Apical Redirection of gp130 Is Mediated by IL-11α Receptor. Cell reports 30 27425614
2015 IL-11 Attenuates Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (IRI) through STAT3 Signaling Pathway in Mice. PloS one 30 25946003
2022 IL-11 Is Elevated and Drives the Profibrotic Phenotype Transition of Orbital Fibroblasts in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. Frontiers in endocrinology 29 35273577
1999 Serum levels of thrombopoietin, IL-11, and IL-6 in pediatric thrombocytopenias. Annals of hematology 29 10525827
1995 Interleukin (IL)-11--mediated signal transduction. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 29 7545369
2022 IL-11 system participates in pulmonary artery remodeling and hypertension in pulmonary fibrosis. Respiratory research 28 36376885
2006 Cysteinyl leukotriene upregulates IL-11 expression in allergic airway disease of mice. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 28 17208595
2002 A polymorphism in the IL11 gene is associated with ulcerative colitis. Genes and immunity 28 12486609
2019 miR-204-5p regulates cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis by targeting IL-11 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of cellular physiology 27 31544245
2015 MTA2 enhances colony formation and tumor growth of gastric cancer cells through IL-11. BMC cancer 26 25929737
2015 IL-11 induces differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells through activation of STAT3 signalling pathway. Scientific reports 26 28781374
2023 Renal Fibrosis Is Alleviated through Targeted Inhibition of IL-11-Induced Renal Tubular Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. The American journal of pathology 25 37673330
2019 Long non-coding RNA NKILA inhibits proliferation and migration of lung cancer via IL-11/STAT3 signaling. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 25 31934087
2021 CD39+ Fibroblasts Enhance Myofibroblast Activation by Promoting IL-11 Secretion in Hypertrophic Scars. The Journal of investigative dermatology 24 34537192
2020 A variant in IL6ST with a selective IL-11 signaling defect in human and mouse. Bone research 24 32566365
2022 GnRH agonist treatment regulates IL-6 and IL-11 expression in endometrial stromal cells for patients with HRT regiment in frozen embryo transfer cycles. Reproductive biology 23 35151984
2023 Cardiomyocyte-Restricted Expression of IL11 Causes Cardiac Fibrosis, Inflammation, and Dysfunction. International journal of molecular sciences 22 37629170
2022 IL11 Activates Pancreatic Stellate Cells and Causes Pancreatic Inflammation, Fibrosis and Atrophy in a Mouse Model of Pancreatitis. International journal of molecular sciences 22 35408908
2024 Single-cell deconvolution algorithms analysis unveils autocrine IL11-mediated resistance to docetaxel in prostate cancer via activation of the JAK1/STAT4 pathway. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 21 38429845
2013 IL-11 is required for A1 adenosine receptor-mediated protection against ischemic AKI. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 21 23813214
2024 Roles of IL-11 in the regulation of bone metabolism. Frontiers in endocrinology 20 38352248
2021 Colitis-induced IL11 promotes colon carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 20 33196831
2021 Therapeutic Targeting of IL-11 for Chronic Lung Disease. Trends in pharmacological sciences 20 33612289
2018 The expression analysis of Fra-1 gene and IL-11 protein in Iranian patients with ulcerative colitis. BMC immunology 20 29914371
2008 The impact of the IL-11:IL-17 ratio on the chronic periodontitis pathogenesis: a preliminary report. Oral diseases 20 18992017
2025 Inhalable siRNA Targeting IL-11 Nanoparticles Significantly Inhibit Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. ACS nano 19 39791575
2023 The Emerging Role of Interleukin-(IL)-11/IL-11R in Bone Metabolism and Homeostasis: From Cytokine to Osteokine. Aging and disease 19 37199584
2016 IL-11 and CCL-1: Novel Protein Diagnostic Biomarkers of Lung Adenocarcinoma in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF). Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer 19 27524264
1996 IL-11 synergizes with IL-3 in promoting the recovery of the immune system after irradiation. International immunology 19 8943559

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