Affinage

HSPB6

Heat shock protein beta-6 · UniProt O14558

Length
160 aa
Mass
17.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 38 papers cited in narrative 38 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/9 claims corpus-supported (89%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

HSPB6/Hsp20 is a small heat shock protein that functions as a phosphorylation-controlled molecular switch coupling cyclic-nucleotide signaling to cytoskeletal dynamics, cytoprotection, and metabolic regulation (PMID:10196226, PMID:15105294). The protein exists predominantly as alpha-crystallin-domain dimers that assemble into higher-order oligomers, with N-terminal domain elements dictating chaperone activity, subunit exchange, and preferential hetero-oligomerization with HSPB1/Hsp27 (PMID:14717697, PMID:24382496, PMID:28487364). PKA phosphorylates Hsp20 on Ser16 within a local cAMP microdomain organized by AKAP-Lbc (AKAP13), adenylyl cyclase AC9, and PDE4, and this modification governs most downstream functions (PMID:21334344, PMID:22731613, PMID:28717248). Phospho-Ser16 creates a binding site for 14-3-3, which displaces cofilin and drives loss of F-actin stress fibers, mediating cAMP-dependent relaxation of vascular, airway, and smooth muscle (PMID:10196226, PMID:15598710, PMID:17993590). In the heart, Ser16 phosphorylation confers cardioprotection: it inhibits the ASK1-JNK/p38 apoptotic cascade, promotes autophagy, and is required for protection against beta-agonist-induced apoptosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury (PMID:17068291, PMID:19850943, PMID:15105294). Hsp20 stimulates autophagy by binding BECN1 and preventing its ubiquitination and BCL2 sequestration, a function disrupted by the disease-associated S10F mutant that causes cardiac remodeling (PMID:29157081). The protein also drives exosome biogenesis through Tsg101 and is secreted as a cardiokine that activates VEGFR2 to promote angiogenesis (PMID:27284111, PMID:22427880), and it controls PPARgamma stability through the ubiquitin ligase subunit FBXO4 to regulate adipocyte thermogenesis and metabolism (PMID:29925002). As a chaperone, Hsp20 associates with Bag3 via the beta4/beta8 groove of its alpha-crystallin domain to clear protein aggregates and binds amyloid-beta to prevent fibril formation (PMID:19845507, PMID:19646995, PMID:24859569). Its C-terminal extension is essential for the chaperone/cardioprotective function but dispensable for contractile enhancement, separating these two activities (PMID:17292395).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 1999 High

    Established that Hsp20 is phosphorylated on Ser16 and that this modification is the molecular event linking cyclic-nucleotide signaling to smooth muscle relaxation.

    Evidence Phospho-specific antibodies, 2D-IEF immunoblots, and functional phosphopeptide assays in permeabilized bovine carotid artery, plus PKA phosphorylation linked to aggregate dissociation

    PMID:10037721 PMID:10196226

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct downstream target of phospho-Hsp20 not yet identified
    • Kinase anchoring machinery unknown at this stage
  2. 1998 High

    Defined Hsp20 as an oligomerizing small heat shock protein with intrinsic but weak chaperone activity, framing it within the sHSP family.

    Evidence Recombinant protein biophysics (SEC, CD, NMR) and in vitro insulin chaperone assays

    PMID:9990320

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological substrates not defined
    • Relationship of oligomeric state to function unresolved
  3. 2002 Medium

    Identified an extracellular/secreted role for Hsp20 in regulating platelet function and calcium influx, expanding its biology beyond intracellular chaperoning.

    Evidence Plasma fractionation, platelet binding-site assays, fura-2 calcium imaging, and phospholipase C activity assays

    PMID:10658928 PMID:12417245

    Open questions at the time
    • Platelet receptor for Hsp20 not molecularly identified
    • Mechanism connecting binding to calcium influx inhibition unresolved
  4. 2004 High

    Demonstrated that Ser16 phosphorylation is required for Hsp20 anti-apoptotic cardioprotection and that phospho-Hsp20 acts through 14-3-3/cofilin to remodel actin.

    Evidence Phosphomutant (S16D/S16A) gain/loss-of-function in cardiomyocytes with apoptosis readouts; pull-down showing phospho-dependent 14-3-3 binding and cofilin displacement in 3T3 cells

    PMID:14717697 PMID:15105294 PMID:15598710

    Open questions at the time
    • Discrepant chaperone behavior of S16D mutant across studies
    • Direct structural basis of 14-3-3 binding not yet solved
  5. 2006 High

    Resolved the architecture of the phospho-Hsp20:14-3-3 complex and identified ASK1-JNK/p38 inhibition as a cardioprotective signaling output.

    Evidence SEC/crosslinking defining a dimer:dimer 14-3-3gamma complex; transgenic cardiac overexpression with ASK1/JNK/p38 pathway analysis

    PMID:17068291 PMID:17109079

    Open questions at the time
    • How 14-3-3 binding mechanistically suppresses ASK1 not established
    • Phosphomimetic vs genuinely phosphorylated forms behave differently in 14-3-3 binding
  6. 2009 High

    Connected Ser16 phosphorylation to autophagy as a cardioprotective mechanism and solved the alpha-crystallin domain structure revealing the dimer groove.

    Evidence S16A transgenic with rapamycin rescue in ex vivo I/R; X-ray crystallography of the ACD dimer with a peptide-filled groove

    PMID:19646995 PMID:19850943

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular link between phospho-Hsp20 and autophagy machinery not yet identified
    • N-terminal extension orientation in full-length protein modeled but not crystallized
  7. 2008 High

    Established that Hsp20 forms hetero-oligomers with HSPB1/Hsp27 and that these complexes reciprocally regulate each protein's phosphorylation.

    Evidence Native gels, analytical ultracentrifugation, crosslinking, and in vitro kinase assays

    PMID:19100870

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo significance of mutual phosphorylation control not tested
    • Stoichiometry in cells unknown
  8. 2009 High

    Mapped Hsp20's chaperone partnership with Bag3 to the beta4/beta8 groove via Bag3 IPV motifs, linking Hsp20 to client clearance.

    Evidence Co-IP, deletion mapping, and Htt43Q aggregate clearance assays

    PMID:19845507

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the Bag3 interaction is phosphorylation-regulated not addressed
    • Cardiac relevance of the Hsp20-Bag3 axis untested here
  9. 2011 High

    Defined the local cAMP signalosome controlling Hsp20 phosphorylation, identifying PDE4, AKAP-Lbc, and the HDAC8-mediated acetylation layer.

    Evidence FRET cAMP reporters anchored to Hsp20, peptide-disruptor experiments, AKAP-Lbc siRNA/rescue, and HDAC8 inhibitor effects on myometrial contractility

    PMID:21334344 PMID:21803775 PMID:22731613

    Open questions at the time
    • Interplay between acetylation and Ser16 phosphorylation unresolved
    • Spatial coordination of all signalosome components not simultaneously demonstrated
  10. 2012 High

    Identified AC9 as the cyclase setting basal Hsp20 phosphorylation and established Hsp20 as a secreted exosomal cardiokine activating VEGFR2.

    Evidence AC9 knockout mice with cardiac phenotype and Co-IP; exosome isolation, VEGFR2 binding and neutralizing-antibody-blocked angiogenesis assays; monomeric 14-3-3 complex biophysics

    PMID:22427880 PMID:22794279 PMID:28717248

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor-level mechanism of VEGFR2 activation by Hsp20 not structurally defined
    • Trigger for non-canonical exosomal secretion unknown
  11. 2013 High

    Provided a full-length structural model of HSPB6 showing N-terminal tripeptides patching beta4/beta8 grooves, and implicated Hsp20 in tumor PI3K/AKT suppression.

    Evidence Crystallography plus SAXS plus mutagenesis and chaperone assays; Co-IP of p85/p110 with PI3K activity assays in HCC cells

    PMID:24223153 PMID:24382496

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding interface with PI3K subunits not mapped
    • Phospho-dependence of PI3K interaction untested
  12. 2014 High

    Dissected the structural determinants of HSPB6 chaperone activity in the N-terminal domain, mapped phospho-enhanced amyloid-beta binding, and reported selective Bax association in cancer cells.

    Evidence Iterative deletion/point mutagenesis with SAXS and multi-substrate chaperone assays; NMR/peptide-array Abeta mapping; Co-IP with Bax and caspase cleavage assays

    PMID:24859569 PMID:24969689 PMID:25157403

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-Co-IP Bax interaction not reciprocally validated
    • Physiological relevance of Abeta binding in vivo not established
  13. 2015 Medium

    Showed Hsp20 controls PKD1 nuclear translocation during hypertrophy and protects atrial myocytes by directly preventing F-actin stress fiber formation.

    Evidence Peptide-array mapping and disruptor peptides tracking PKD1 translocation; tachypaced HL-1 atrial myocyte model with RhoA activity and F-actin readouts

    PMID:21731611 PMID:25889640

    Open questions at the time
    • No structural or biochemical reconstitution of the Hsp20-PKD1 complex
    • Phosphorylation-dependence of PKD1 interaction not defined
  14. 2016 High

    Identified Tsg101 as the partner through which Hsp20 drives exosome biogenesis and cargo loading for cardioprotection.

    Evidence Transgenic mice, Hsp20-Tsg101 Co-IP, exosome isolation, and GW4869 blockade in diabetic/hyperglycemia models

    PMID:27284111

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which Hsp20 selects exosomal cargo unknown
    • Whether Ser16 phosphorylation gates Tsg101 binding untested
  15. 2018 High

    Established the BECN1/autophagy axis as a core cardioprotective mechanism and the FBXO4-PPARgamma axis as the basis of Hsp20's metabolic control, with a disease mutation validating the BECN1 link.

    Evidence Transgenic WT vs S10F mice with Co-IP, ubiquitination, autophagy flux and rescue; Hsp20 KO mice with FBXO4 Co-IP, PPARgamma ubiquitination, and metabolic phenotyping

    PMID:29157081 PMID:29925002

    Open questions at the time
    • How S10F structurally weakens BECN1 binding not resolved
    • Tissue-specific balance of the BECN1 vs FBXO4 functions unclear
  16. 2019 Medium

    Revealed a pathological face of Hsp20: chronically elevated phospho-Hsp20 translocates to the nucleus and drives IL-6/STAT3 fibrotic signaling, reframing Ser16 phosphorylation as dose-dependent.

    Evidence S16D transgenic mice, nuclear fractionation, IL-6/STAT3 analysis, and anti-IL-6R antibody rescue

    PMID:31061921

    Open questions at the time
    • Nuclear import mechanism of phospho-Hsp20 not defined
    • How the same modification yields protection at one level and harm at higher levels unresolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The unifying determinant of how a single Ser16-phosphorylation event partitions Hsp20 among its many distinct interactomes (14-3-3, BECN1, Tsg101, FBXO4, PKD1) across tissues remains unresolved.
  • No structural model of phospho-dependent partner selection
  • Quantitative competition between partners in vivo undefined
  • Cross-talk between acetylation, transamidation, and Ser16 phosphorylation untested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0044183 protein folding chaperone 6 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 5 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 4 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 2
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 3 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 3 GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 3 R-HSA-397014 Muscle contraction 3 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 3 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 2 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 2
Partners
BAG3BECN1FBXO4HSPB1KDRPRKD1TSG101YWHAG
Complex memberships
HSPB6-HSPB1 hetero-oligomerphospho-HSPB6:14-3-3 complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 38 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1999 HSPB6/Hsp20 is phosphorylated on Ser16 during cyclic nucleotide-dependent relaxation in bovine carotid artery smooth muscle. Phosphorylation state-specific antibodies confirmed Ser16 phosphorylation, and synthetic phosphopeptides containing phospho-Ser16 inhibited contractile responses, indicating Ser16 phosphorylation modulates cAMP-dependent vasorelaxation. 2D isoelectric focusing immunoblots, phosphorylation state-specific antibodies, synthetic phosphopeptide functional assay in permeabilized smooth muscle The Journal of biological chemistry High 10196226
1999 Phosphorylation of Hsp20 in vascular smooth muscle is associated with dissociation of macromolecular aggregates of Hsp20, and this dissociation correlates with changes in macromolecular associations of myosin light chains (MLC20). PKA-mediated phosphorylation in vitro also caused aggregate dissociation, suggesting Hsp20 may regulate vasorelaxation through direct interaction with contractile regulatory proteins. Molecular sieve chromatography, subcellular fractionation, in vitro PKA phosphorylation, isoelectric focusing immunoblots The Journal of biological chemistry High 10037721
1998 Recombinant rat Hsp20 forms predominantly 43-kDa dimers and 470-kDa multimers in solution, with the ratio depending on protein concentration. Hsp20 has markedly lower chaperone-like activity than alphaB-crystallin in insulin B-chain aggregation assays. Recombinant protein expression in E. coli, size-exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism, 1H-NMR, in vitro chaperone assay European journal of biochemistry High 9990320
2003 In rat heart, Hsp20 localizes predominantly to the cytosol and co-fractionates with alphaB-crystallin in ~200 kDa complexes. AlphaB-crystallin co-immunoprecipitates with Hsp20. Phosphopeptide analogues of Hsp20 introduced into permeabilized cardiomyocytes increased myocyte shortening rate and were associated with accelerated calcium transient decay. Subcellular fractionation, size-exclusion chromatography, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence microscopy, functional phosphopeptide transduction assay Circulation High 12551873
2004 Hsp20 protects cardiomyocytes from beta-agonist-induced apoptosis in a phosphorylation-dependent manner: constitutively phosphorylated S16D mutant conferred full protection, whereas the non-phosphorylatable S16A mutant showed no antiapoptotic effect. Hsp20 translocates to the cytoskeleton and associates with actin upon isoproterenol stimulation. Adenoviral overexpression in adult rat cardiomyocytes, TUNEL assay, DNA laddering, caspase-3 activity assay, immunostaining, co-immunoprecipitation with actin antibodies Circulation research High 15105294
2004 Human Hsp20 and its phosphomimetic S16D mutant form small oligomers (~55–60 kDa by SEC, dimers by crosslinking) rather than large multimers. At neutral pH, Hsp20 exhibits chaperone activity (preventing insulin and ADH aggregation) comparable to or higher than commercial alpha-crystallin, whereas the S16D mutant shows reduced chaperone activity. Hsp20 forms hetero-oligomeric complexes with Hsp27. Recombinant expression in E. coli, size-exclusion chromatography, chemical crosslinking, in vitro chaperone aggregation assays European journal of biochemistry High 14717697
2004 Phosphopeptide analogues of Hsp20 (containing phospho-Ser16 and a protein transduction domain) introduced into Swiss 3T3 cells caused loss of actin stress fibers and focal adhesion complexes, and dephosphorylation of cofilin. Pull-down assays showed that 14-3-3 proteins bound phospho-Hsp20 peptides but not non-phosphorylated analogues, and this binding prevented cofilin from associating with 14-3-3. Protein transduction of synthetic phosphopeptides, immunocytochemistry, interference reflection microscopy, biochemical actin quantitation, pull-down assay FASEB journal High 15598710
2003 Transduction of phospho-Hsp20 peptide analogues (PTD-pHSP20) into porcine coronary artery smooth muscle induced dose-dependent relaxation without changing endogenous Hsp20 phosphorylation status (mass spectrometric immunoassay showed no mass shift of endogenous Hsp20), suggesting that phospho-Hsp20 peptides act directly on downstream targets rather than via kinase activation. Protein transduction, muscle bath functional assay, mass spectrometric immunoassay (MSIA), fluorescence microscopy FASEB journal Medium 12738803
2006 Hsp20 colocalized with ASK1 in cardiomyocytes and attenuated the ASK1-JNK/p38 signaling cascade triggered by isoproterenol, protecting against beta-agonist-induced cardiac remodeling. Parallel in vitro experiments showed inhibitory role of Hsp20 on enforced ASK1-JNK/p38 activation. Transgenic mouse model (cardiac-specific 10-fold overexpression), immunostaining co-localization, Western blot of ASK1/JNK/p38 pathway, in vitro H9c2 and adult rat cardiomyocyte experiments Circulation research Medium 17068291
2009 Blockade of Hsp20 phosphorylation at Ser16 (S16A transgenic model) attenuates cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury, suppresses autophagy, and shifts Hsp20 oligomerization toward higher aggregates. Rapamycin pretreatment (autophagy activator) rescued functional recovery in S16A hearts, establishing that Ser16 phosphorylation of Hsp20 promotes cardioprotection at least partly through enabling autophagy. Cardiac-specific transgenic mouse with S16A-Hsp20, ex vivo I/R, autophagy markers, rapamycin rescue experiment, gel filtration for oligomerization Circulation research High 19850943
2006 Phosphorylated Hsp20 (pSer16) forms a tight complex with 14-3-3gamma as a dimer:dimer complex. Unphosphorylated Hsp20 and the S16D phosphomimetic mutant did not interact with 14-3-3. 14-3-3 increased the chaperone activity of phosphorylated Hsp20 toward insulin substrates. Size-exclusion chromatography, chemical crosslinking, in vitro chaperone assays with phosphorylated and unphosphorylated Hsp20 Molecular and cellular biochemistry High 17109079
2008 HspB6/Hsp20 forms heterooligomeric complexes with HspB1/Hsp27 of at least two sizes (100–150 kDa and 250–300 kDa) in a temperature-dependent manner. Within these complexes, wild-type HspB1 inhibits PKA-mediated phosphorylation of HspB6, while the phosphomimetic 3D-HspB1 mutant does not. Conversely, HspB6 inhibits MAPKAP2-mediated phosphorylation of HspB1 within the complexes. Native gel electrophoresis, analytical ultracentrifugation, chemical cross-linking, size-exclusion chromatography, in vitro kinase assays Biochimica et biophysica acta High 19100870
2009 HspB8 and HspB6 bind to Bag3 through the hydrophobic groove formed by beta4/beta8 strands of the alpha-crystallin domain. Two IPV (Ile-Pro-Val) motifs in Bag3 mediate binding to both HspB8 and HspB6. HspB6–Bag3 complex promotes clearance of aggregated mutant huntingtin (Htt43Q). Co-immunoprecipitation, deletion mutagenesis mapping, cell-based aggregation clearance assay (Htt43Q) The Biochemical journal High 19845507
2009 Crystal structures of the alpha-crystallin domain of rat Hsp20 show that it forms homodimers with a shared groove at the interface by beta-sheet extension. The groove in Hsp20 is partially filled by a peptide in polyproline II conformation in the crystal. The dimer structure has empty pockets likely filled by N-terminal extension motifs in full-length chains, and contains a conserved arginine at the symmetry-related functional site. X-ray crystallography Journal of molecular biology High 19646995
2011 Disruption of the HSP20–PDE4 interaction (using a cell-permeable inhibitory peptide derived from peptide array analysis) is sufficient to induce PKA-mediated phosphorylation of HSP20 and protect against hypertrophic response in neonatal cardiac myocytes following chronic beta-adrenergic stimulation. FRET-based cAMP reporters anchored to HSP20 showed larger response to PDE4 inhibition than free cytosolic reporters, indicating PDE4 creates a local cAMP microdomain that regulates HSP20 phosphorylation. Peptide array, in vitro binding, co-immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry, FRET-based cAMP reporters, cell-permeable peptide disruption, hypertrophy assay Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology High 21334344
2011 AKAP-Lbc (AKAP13) is the A-kinase-anchoring protein responsible for directing PKA phosphorylation of Hsp20 on Ser16. Gene silencing of AKAP-Lbc reduces Hsp20 Ser16 phosphorylation and abrogates the anti-apoptotic effects of Hsp20 in cardiomyocytes. PKA anchoring disruptor peptides confirmed an AKAP requirement for this modification. PKA anchoring disruptor peptides, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, siRNA gene silencing, rescue experiments, apoptosis assays The Biochemical journal High 22731613
2012 Loss of AC9 (adenylyl cyclase type 9) in mice significantly decreases basal phosphorylation of Hsp20 in heart and reduces Hsp20-associated AC activity. Hsp20 binds AC9 in a Yotiao-independent manner. Expression of catalytically inactive AC9 in neonatal cardiomyocytes decreases isoproterenol-stimulated Hsp20 phosphorylation. AC9 knockout mice show grade 1 diastolic dysfunction. AC9 knockout mouse, co-immunoprecipitation, catalytically inactive AC9 expression in neonatal cardiomyocytes, PKA phosphorylation assay, Doppler echocardiography Scientific reports High 28717248
2012 Hsp20 is secreted from cardiomyocytes via exosomes through an ER-Golgi-independent pathway. Extracellular Hsp20 binds VEGFR2 (confirmed by protein binding assay and immunostaining) and dose-dependently promotes HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. A VEGFR2 neutralizing antibody and VEGFR inhibitor blocked these effects. Exosome isolation, ER-Golgi inhibitor treatment, protein binding assay, immunostaining co-localization with VEGFR2, HUVEC proliferation/migration/tube formation assays, VEGFR2 blocking antibody PloS one High 22427880
2013 Human HSPB6 exists as a stable dimer in solution. The crystal structure reveals typical ACD dimers that further form tetrameric assemblies through extensive inter-dimer patching of beta4/beta8 grooves by tripeptide motifs from the N-terminal domain adjacent to the ACD. Solution SAXS combined with crystallography provides a molecular model of full-length HSPB6. The N-terminal domain dictates chaperone activity and self-interaction. X-ray crystallography, SAXS, mutagenesis, size-exclusion chromatography, chaperone activity assays Journal of structural biology High 24382496
2011 Acetylation of Hsp20 is a post-translational modification regulated by HDAC8, a non-nuclear lysine deacetylase that interacts with Hsp20. A selective HDAC8 inhibitor increases Hsp20 acetylation and inhibits spontaneous and oxytocin-augmented contractions of human myometrial tissue strips, without elevating histone acetylation. The mechanism involves liberation of cofilin. HDAC8 interaction with Hsp20 (co-IP), HDAC8 inhibitor treatment, ex vivo myometrial contractility assay, acetylation biochemistry The Journal of biological chemistry High 21803775
2016 Hsp20 directly interacts with Tsg101 in cardiomyocytes, promoting increased generation and secretion of exosomes. Hsp20-TG cardiomyocyte-derived exosomes contain higher levels of Hsp20, p-Akt, survivin, and SOD1 and protect against hyperglycemia-triggered cell death. Blockade of exosome generation by GW4869 abrogated Hsp20-mediated cardioprotection in diabetic mice. Transgenic mouse model, co-immunoprecipitation (Hsp20-Tsg101), exosome isolation, GW4869 exosome inhibitor, in vitro hyperglycemia assay, STZ diabetes model Diabetes High 27284111
2018 Wild-type HSPB6 interacts with BECN1/Beclin 1, prevents its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, competitively suppresses BCL2 binding to BECN1, and thereby stimulates autophagy. A disease-associated human mutant HSPB6S10F has reduced interaction with BECN1, leading to BECN1 ubiquitination, suppressed autophagy flux, increased apoptosis, and cardiac remodeling. Preinhibition of autophagy attenuated wild-type HSPB6 cardioprotection. Transgenic mouse cardiac expression of WT and S10F mutant, co-immunoprecipitation (HSPB6-BECN1), ubiquitination assays, autophagy flux measurement, apoptosis assays, autophagy inhibition rescue experiment Autophagy High 29157081
2015 Hsp20 forms a complex with PKD1 (protein kinase D1) that is essential for PKD1 nuclear translocation during cardiac hypertrophy. A cell-permeable peptide disrupting the Hsp20-PKD1 complex inhibits PKD1 nuclear translocation, activation of the fetal gene programme, and pathological cardiac fibrosis. Peptide array mapping of Hsp20 binding site on PKD1, cell-permeable disruptor peptide, immunofluorescence tracking of PKD1 nuclear translocation, gene expression (fetal programme), fibrosis assays Cell communication and signaling Medium 25889640
2018 Hsp20 controls adipocyte function by interacting with the ubiquitin ligase subunit FBXO4 and regulating ubiquitin-dependent degradation of PPARγ. Hsp20 deletion enhances non-shivering thermogenesis, improves glucose and lipid metabolism, and mimics pharmacological PPARγ agonist effects. The interaction links beta-adrenergic signaling to PPARγ activity. Hsp20 knockout mouse, co-immunoprecipitation (Hsp20-FBXO4), ubiquitination assays of PPARγ, metabolic phenotyping, brown/beige adipocyte functional assays Cell reports High 29925002
2014 HSPB6/Hsp20 directly associates with Bax (co-immunoprecipitation), enhances caspase-3 and caspase-7 cleavage, and increases PARP cleavage in human HCC cells. Bad, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL were not co-immunoprecipitated with HSP20, indicating a selective interaction with Bax that stimulates the caspase cascade. Co-immunoprecipitation, caspase activity/cleavage assays, PARP cleavage, overexpression in HuH7 cells Oncology reports Medium 24969689
2013 HSP20/HSPB6 directly associates with both the p85 regulatory subunit and p110 catalytic subunit of PI3K in human HCC cells (co-immunoprecipitation). HSP20 overexpression downregulates PI3K activity in unstimulated and TGF-α-stimulated cells without affecting PI3K expression levels, reducing downstream AKT signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation (p85 and p110), PI3K activity assay, Western blot for pathway readouts, in vivo human HCC tissue validation PloS one Medium 24223153
2002 Hsp20 acts extracellularly as a regulator of platelet function: dissociated (non-aggregated) form of HSP20 is present in plasma, human platelets have specific binding sites for HSP20, and extracellular HSP20 markedly reduces thrombin-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis by phospholipase C. Vessel wall HSP20 levels were reduced after endothelial injury. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, specific binding site assay on platelets, phospholipase C activity assay Life sciences Medium 12417245
2000 Hsp20 inhibits receptor-mediated calcium influx in human platelets without affecting intracellular calcium release (tested using fura-2 imaging). Hsp20 inhibited thrombin- and collagen-induced calcium influx but not A-23187-induced calcium entry. Hsp28 failed to affect platelet cytoplasmic calcium, indicating specificity. Fura-2 fluorescent calcium imaging in human platelets, pharmacological dissection of calcium sources Life sciences Medium 10658928
2011 HSPB6 overexpression protects tachypaced atrial myocytes against RhoA GTPase-induced remodeling by direct prevention of F-actin stress fiber formation (independently of inhibiting RhoA GTPase activity itself, which is the HSPB8 mechanism). HSPB6 protection was independent of HSPB1. HL-1 atrial myocyte tachypacing model, overexpression, calcium transient measurement, RhoA GTPase activity assay, F-actin stress fiber imaging, ROCK inhibitor control PloS one Medium 21731611
2014 The N-terminal domain of HSPB6 is essential for chaperone activity; systematic deletion mapping showed no single truncation except complete removal of the N-terminal domain abolished activity. Residues 31–35 act as a negative regulator of chaperone activity (deletion enhances activity), with Q31 and F33 specifically fine-tuning function through mutagenesis. Structural analysis by SEC/SAXS confirmed dimeric structure of most mutants. Iterative deletion mutagenesis, size-exclusion chromatography, SAXS, chaperone activity assays with three different substrates, single-point mutagenesis PloS one High 25157403
2017 The N-terminal domain of HSPB6 governs preferential hetero-oligomerization with HSPB1. Three functional elements were identified: (1) the conserved RLFDQXFG motif is necessary for subunit exchange among oligomers; (2) a site ~20 residues downstream determines hetero-oligomer size; (3) a region unique to HSPB6 dictates preferential heterodimer formation. When mixed in vitro, HSPB6 and HSPB1 form exclusively heterodimers. Iterative deletion mapping of HSPB6 N-terminal domain, in vitro mixing, native MS (mass spectrometry), SEC The Journal of biological chemistry High 28487364
2006 Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) crosslinks Hsp20 via transamidation at Q31 and C-terminal K162, identified by mass spectrometric peptide fingerprinting and fragmentation. Q31 is a conserved glutamine in sHSPs, and its reactivity is determined by the neighboring residue. Simultaneous highly efficient deamidation of Q66 also occurs. Hexapeptide probes for tTG activity, mass spectrometric peptide mass fingerprinting, peptide fragmentation Proteins Medium 16385579
2014 Hsp20 phosphorylation enhances its association with amyloid-beta (Aβ). NMR, peptide array, and co-immunoprecipitation mapping showed Hsp20 binds adjacent to the oligomerization domain of Aβ, preventing aggregation. Phospho-Hsp20 shows increased association with low molecular weight Aβ species and requires lower concentrations to disrupt amyloid oligomers. Hsp20 N-terminal 25-mers inhibit Aβ fibril formation. Peptide array, co-immunoprecipitation, NMR, real-time fluorescent Aβ aggregation assay, MTT assay, cell impedance measurement Molecular and cellular neurosciences High 24859569
2007 cAMP/PKA-dependent phosphorylation of Hsp20 in airway smooth muscle (ASM) is required for relaxation: PKI (PKA inhibitory fusion protein) expressing cells failed to phosphorylate Hsp20 or lose actin stress fibers upon isoproterenol/forskolin treatment. Phospho-Hsp20 dephosphorylates cofilin in ASM, and phosphopeptide mimetics of Hsp20 partially relax precontracted bovine ASM strips. PKI-GFP stable expression, isoproterenol/forskolin treatment, 2D immunoblots, cofilin phosphorylation assay, actin stress fiber immunocytochemistry, muscle bath assay American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology High 17993590
2007 The C-terminal extension of Hsp20 is essential for cardioprotection against simulated ischemia/reperfusion, as a C-terminal extension substitution mutant failed to protect cardiomyocytes (measured by LDH/CK release), while the same mutant still enhanced calcium transients and cell contraction amplitude comparably to full-length Hsp20, dissociating the chaperone/protective function from the contractile-enhancement function. Adenoviral overexpression in neonatal and adult rat cardiomyocytes, simulated I/R, LDH/CK cell viability assays, epifluorescence calcium imaging, cell contraction measurement Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology Medium 17292395
2019 Elevated phosphorylated Hsp20 (S16D transgenic) at levels similar to failing human hearts causes fibrotic remodeling, depressed LV function, and heart failure. Mechanistically, phosphorylated Hsp20 translocates to the nucleus and upregulates IL-6, which activates cardiac fibroblasts via STAT3 signaling in a paracrine fashion. Anti-IL-6 receptor antibody treatment attenuated fibrosis. S16D-Hsp20 cardiac-specific transgenic mice, nuclear fractionation, IL-6 quantification, STAT3 signaling analysis, anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody treatment, echocardiography JACC. Basic to translational science Medium 31061921
1999 After heat stress in cultured rat neonatal cardiac myocytes, a subpopulation of Hsp20 migrates into the nucleus while another part remains cytoplasmic. In contrast to alphaB-crystallin, Hsp20 remains largely Triton-soluble after heat stress and does not display sarcomeric association, indicating distinct functional behavior despite structural similarity. Immunofluorescence microscopy, Triton X-100 solubility fractionation, heat stress experiments in cultured cardiomyocytes European journal of cell biology Medium 10494863
2012 Monomeric 14-3-3ζ interacts with phosphorylated HspB6 in a 1:1 complex (vs the 2:1 or 2:2 complex formed by dimeric 14-3-3). Interaction with phosphorylated HspB6 retards proteolytic degradation and increases thermal stability of monomeric 14-3-3. The monomeric 14-3-3 has significantly higher chaperone-like activity than either dimeric 14-3-3 or HspB6 alone. Size-exclusion chromatography, chemical crosslinking, proteolysis protection assay, thermal stability measurement, in vitro chaperone assay with myosin S1 Biochemistry Medium 22794279

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2009 Crystal structures of alpha-crystallin domain dimers of alphaB-crystallin and Hsp20. Journal of molecular biology 245 19646995
2016 Hsp20-Mediated Activation of Exosome Biogenesis in Cardiomyocytes Improves Cardiac Function and Angiogenesis in Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 205 27284111
2005 Novel cardioprotective role of a small heat-shock protein, Hsp20, against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Circulation 172 15809372
2009 Identification of the key structural motifs involved in HspB8/HspB6-Bag3 interaction. The Biochemical journal 160 19845507
2009 Hsp20-engineered mesenchymal stem cells are resistant to oxidative stress via enhanced activation of Akt and increased secretion of growth factors. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 149 19816949
2004 Comparison of the small heat shock proteins alphaB-crystallin, MKBP, HSP25, HSP20, and cvHSP in heart and skeletal muscle. Histochemistry and cell biology 135 15480735
1999 The small heat shock-related protein, HSP20, is phosphorylated on serine 16 during cyclic nucleotide-dependent relaxation. The Journal of biological chemistry 123 10196226
2002 p23 and HSP20/alpha-crystallin proteins define a conserved sequence domain present in other eukaryotic protein families. FEBS letters 122 12372593
2004 Small heat-shock protein Hsp20 phosphorylation inhibits beta-agonist-induced cardiac apoptosis. Circulation research 107 15105294
2009 Blockade of Hsp20 phosphorylation exacerbates cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressed autophagy and increased cell death. Circulation research 106 19850943
2004 Some properties of human small heat shock protein Hsp20 (HspB6). European journal of biochemistry 105 14717697
2012 Hsp20 functions as a novel cardiokine in promoting angiogenesis via activation of VEGFR2. PloS one 98 22427880
2006 Small heat-shock protein Hsp20 attenuates beta-agonist-mediated cardiac remodeling through apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1. Circulation research 93 17068291
2004 Transducible heat shock protein 20 (HSP20) phosphopeptide alters cytoskeletal dynamics. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 90 15598710
2005 Hsp20 and its cardioprotection. Trends in cardiovascular medicine 88 16099377
1998 The mammalian small heat-shock protein Hsp20 forms dimers and is a poor chaperone. European journal of biochemistry 88 9990320
2011 Disruption of the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4)-HSP20 complex attenuates the β-agonist induced hypertrophic response in cardiac myocytes. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 86 21334344
2009 The small heat shock protein, HSPB6, in muscle function and disease. Cell stress & chaperones 84 19568960
2016 Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of Tomato Hsp20 Gene Family in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. Frontiers in plant science 78 27582749
2010 Small heat shock protein 20 (HspB6) in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 76 20869365
2017 Genome-wide identification and analysis of biotic and abiotic stress regulation of small heat shock protein (HSP20) family genes in bread wheat. Journal of plant physiology 75 28178571
2005 Interactions of HSP22 (HSPB8) with HSP20, alphaB-crystallin, and HSPB3. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 75 16225851
2011 HSPB1, HSPB6, HSPB7 and HSPB8 protect against RhoA GTPase-induced remodeling in tachypaced atrial myocytes. PloS one 73 21731611
2003 Expression of small heat shock proteins HspB2, HspB8, Hsp20 and cvHsp in different tissues of the perinatal developing pig. European journal of cell biology 73 14629120
2006 Small heat shock protein Hsp20 (HspB6) as a partner of 14-3-3gamma. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 68 17109079
2008 Heterooligomeric complexes formed by human small heat shock proteins HspB1 (Hsp27) and HspB6 (Hsp20). Biochimica et biophysica acta 67 19100870
2007 The small heat shock-related protein, HSP20, is a cAMP-dependent protein kinase substrate that is involved in airway smooth muscle relaxation. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 66 17993590
2003 Localization, macromolecular associations, and function of the small heat shock-related protein HSP20 in rat heart. Circulation 65 12551873
2020 A class I cytosolic HSP20 of rice enhances heat and salt tolerance in different organisms. Scientific reports 64 31992813
2005 Hsp20, a novel alpha-crystallin, prevents Abeta fibril formation and toxicity. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 64 15722443
2009 Overexpression of Hsp20 prevents endotoxin-induced myocardial dysfunction and apoptosis via inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 61 19501592
1999 Phosphorylation of the small heat shock-related protein, HSP20, in vascular smooth muscles is associated with changes in the macromolecular associations of HSP20. The Journal of biological chemistry 60 10037721
2006 Changes in the rat heart proteome induced by exercise training: Increased abundance of heat shock protein hsp20. Proteomics 57 16586429
2011 Critical role for heat shock protein 20 (HSP20) in migration of malarial sporozoites. The Journal of biological chemistry 54 22139844
2013 Molecular structure and dynamics of the dimeric human small heat shock protein HSPB6. Journal of structural biology 53 24382496
2003 Transduction of biologically active motifs of the small heat shock-related protein HSP20 leads to relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 53 12738803
2012 PKA phosphorylation of the small heat-shock protein Hsp20 enhances its cardioprotective effects. Biochemical Society transactions 50 22260692
2008 Cell permeant peptide analogues of the small heat shock protein, HSP20, reduce TGF-beta1-induced CTGF expression in keloid fibroblasts. The Journal of investigative dermatology 50 18787533
2011 Acetylation of heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20) regulates human myometrial activity. The Journal of biological chemistry 49 21803775
2011 Properties of the monomeric form of human 14-3-3ζ protein and its interaction with tau and HspB6. Biochemistry 47 21978388
2011 Thermotolerance and molecular chaperone function of the small heat shock protein HSP20 from hyperthermophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus solfataricus P2. Cell stress & chaperones 46 21853411
2001 Selected contribution: HSP20 phosphorylation in nitroglycerin- and forskolin-induced sustained reductions in swine carotid media tone. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 45 11509549
2012 Monomeric 14-3-3ζ has a chaperone-like activity and is stabilized by phosphorylated HspB6. Biochemistry 41 22794279
2005 The intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus small heat shock protein 20 gene (Hsp20) enhances thermotolerance of transformed Escherichia coli. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 41 16403454
2007 Molecular characterization of hsp20, encoding a small heat shock protein of bifidobacterium breve UCC2003. Applied and environmental microbiology 40 17513584
2015 Interaction of HSP20 with a viral RdRp changes its sub-cellular localization and distribution pattern in plants. Scientific reports 39 26359114
2014 A small heat-shock protein (Hsp20) regulated by RpoS is essential for cyst desiccation resistance in Azotobacter vinelandii. Microbiology (Reading, England) 39 24385478
2012 The A-kinase-anchoring protein AKAP-Lbc facilitates cardioprotective PKA phosphorylation of Hsp20 on Ser(16). The Biochemical journal 39 22731613
2003 Phosphorylation of the heat shock-related protein, HSP20, mediates cyclic nucleotide-dependent relaxation. Journal of vascular surgery 39 12663991
2018 Regulation of BECN1-mediated autophagy by HSPB6: Insights from a human HSPB6S10F mutant. Autophagy 35 29157081
2010 Phosphomimicking mutations of human 14-3-3ζ affect its interaction with tau protein and small heat shock protein HspB6. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 35 21081103
2012 Type 2 diabetic obese db/db mice are refractory to myocardial ischaemic post-conditioning in vivo: potential role for Hsp20, F1-ATPase δ and Echs1. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 34 21722304
2008 Toxoplasma gondii Hsp20 is a stripe-arranged chaperone-like protein associated with the outer leaflet of the inner membrane complex. Biology of the cell 34 18315523
2004 Transduction of peptide analogs of the small heat shock-related protein HSP20 inhibits intimal hyperplasia. Journal of vascular surgery 34 15218470
2002 HSP20, low-molecular-weight heat shock-related protein, acts extracellularly as a regulator of platelet functions: a novel defense mechanism. Life sciences 33 12417245
2018 Exercise Rehabilitation Attenuates Cognitive Deficits in Rats with Traumatic Brain Injury by Stimulating the Cerebral HSP20/BDNF/TrkB Signalling Axis. Molecular neurobiology 32 29574629
2016 Phosphorylated Heat Shock Protein 20 (HSPB6) Regulates Transforming Growth Factor-α-Induced Migration and Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. PloS one 32 27046040
2014 Heat shock protein 20 (HSPB6) regulates apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells: Direct association with Bax. Oncology reports 32 24969689
2018 An Hsp20-FBXO4 Axis Regulates Adipocyte Function through Modulating PPARγ Ubiquitination. Cell reports 31 29925002
2014 Dissecting the functional role of the N-terminal domain of the human small heat shock protein HSPB6. PloS one 31 25157403
2011 Molecular and biochemical modulation of heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20) gene by temperature stress and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the monogonont rotifer, Brachionus sp. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP 31 21377541
2015 Small heat shock proteins (HSP12, HSP20 and HSP30) play a role in Ustilago maydis pathogenesis. FEMS microbiology letters 30 25251081
2005 Structure, properties, and probable physiological role of small heat shock protein with molecular mass 20 kD (Hsp20, HspB6). Biochemistry. Biokhimiia 29 16038604
1999 The small heat shock proteins Hsp20 and alphaB-crystallin in cultured cardiac myocytes: differences in cellular localization and solubilization after heat stress. European journal of cell biology 29 10494863
2008 The Leishmania HSP20 is antigenic during natural infections, but, as DNA vaccine, it does not protect BALB/c mice against experimental L. amazonensis infection. Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology 28 18401455
1999 Endothelial-dependent vasodilation is associated with increases in the phosphorylation of a small heat shock protein (HSP20). Journal of vascular surgery 28 10194496
2020 Genome-Wide Characterization of the HSP20 Gene Family Identifies Potential Members Involved in Temperature Stress Response in Apple. Frontiers in genetics 27 33240335
2019 HSP20-mediated cardiomyocyte exosomes improve cardiac function in mice with myocardial infarction by activating Akt signaling pathway. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 27 31210321
2017 Specific sequences in the N-terminal domain of human small heat-shock protein HSPB6 dictate preferential hetero-oligomerization with the orthologue HSPB1. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 28487364
2015 Identification of peptides in human Hsp20 and Hsp27 that possess molecular chaperone and anti-apoptotic activities. The Biochemical journal 27 25332102
2014 Identification of HSP20 gene family in wheat and barley and their differential expression profiling under heat stress. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 27 25503087
2005 Transduction of phosphorylated heat shock-related protein 20, HSP20, prevents vasospasm of human umbilical artery smooth muscle. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 27 15829720
2018 The Role of the Arginine in the Conserved N-Terminal Domain RLFDQxFG Motif of Human Small Heat Shock Proteins HspB1, HspB4, HspB5, HspB6, and HspB8. International journal of molecular sciences 25 30036999
2004 Conservation of Babesia bovis small heat shock protein (Hsp20) among strains and definition of T helper cell epitopes recognized by cattle with diverse major histocompatibility complex class II haplotypes. Infection and immunity 24 14742557
2017 Loss of type 9 adenylyl cyclase triggers reduced phosphorylation of Hsp20 and diastolic dysfunction. Scientific reports 23 28717248
2006 Site-specific transamidation and deamidation of the small heat-shock protein Hsp20 by tissue transglutaminase. Proteins 23 16385579
2015 Small heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20) facilitates nuclear import of protein kinase D 1 (PKD1) during cardiac hypertrophy. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 22 25889640
2014 Hsp20, a small heat shock protein of Deinococcus radiodurans, confers tolerance to hydrogen peroxide in Escherichia coli. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology 22 24743570
2014 The phosphorylation of Hsp20 enhances its association with amyloid-β to increase protection against neuronal cell death. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 22 24859569
2013 N-terminal palmitoylation is required for Toxoplasma gondii HSP20 inner membrane complex localization. Biochimica et biophysica acta 22 23485398
2004 Transducible recombinant small heat shock-related protein, HSP20, inhibits vasospasm and platelet aggregation. Surgery 22 15349104
2000 Small molecular weight heat shock-related protein, HSP20, exhibits an anti-platelet activity by inhibiting receptor-mediated calcium influx. Life sciences 22 10658928
2022 Genome-wide analysis of HSP20 gene family and expression patterns under heat stress in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Frontiers in plant science 21 36035708
2021 Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) HSP20 Gene Family Identification and Expression Under Heat Stress. Frontiers in genetics 21 34721541
2015 Hsp20 Protects against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion-Induced Golgi Fragmentation and Apoptosis through Fas/FasL Pathway. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 21 26199678
2004 Inactivity-induced modulation of Hsp20 and Hsp25 content in rat hindlimb muscles. Muscle & nerve 21 15221884
1999 Rat Hsp20 confers thermoresistance in a clonal survival assay, but fails to protect coexpressed luciferase in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 21 9920751
2007 Importance of small heat shock protein 20 (hsp20) C-terminal extension in cardioprotection. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 20 17292395
2019 Phosphorylation of Hsp20 Promotes Fibrotic Remodeling and Heart Failure. JACC. Basic to translational science 19 31061921
2018 A novel human S10F-Hsp20 mutation induces lethal peripartum cardiomyopathy. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 19 29761889
2017 Study of HSPB6: Insights into the Properties of the Multifunctional Protective Agent. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 19 29132139
2009 Versatility of the small heat shock protein HSPB6 (Hsp20). Cell stress & chaperones 19 19777375
2009 HSP20 phosphorylation and airway smooth muscle relaxation. Cell health and cytoskeleton 19 21686039
2021 Genome-Wide Analysis of the HSP20 Gene Family and Expression Patterns of HSP20 Genes in Response to Abiotic Stresses in Cynodon transvaalensis. Frontiers in genetics 18 34567082
2018 The oligomeric plasticity of Hsp20 of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius protects environment-induced protein aggregation and membrane destabilization. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes 18 30293966
2012 Heat shock protein genes (hsp20, hsp75 and hsp90) from Pieris rapae: molecular cloning and transcription in response to parasitization by Pteromalus puparum. Insect science 18 23955859
2004 Sildenafil-induced vasorelaxation is associated with increases in the phosphorylation of the heat shock-related protein 20 (HSP20). The Journal of surgical research 18 15093712
2013 Direct association of heat shock protein 20 (HSPB6) with phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in human hepatocellular carcinoma: regulation of the PI3K activity. PloS one 17 24223153
2012 Cofilin weakly interacts with 14-3-3 and therefore can only indirectly participate in regulation of cell motility by small heat shock protein HspB6 (Hsp20). Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 17 22450169
2010 Hsp20 protects neuroblastoma cells from ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibition of apoptosis via a mechanism that involves the mitochondrial pathways. Current neurovascular research 17 20854253

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