Affinage

HSD3B1

3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 1 · UniProt P14060

Length
373 aa
Mass
42.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
73 papers in source corpus 16 papers cited in narrative 14 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

HSD3B1 encodes 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5→4 isomerase type 1, a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative conversion of Δ5-3β-hydroxy steroids (e.g., DHEA, pregnenolone) to Δ4-3-keto steroids (e.g., androstenedione, progesterone), a step required for the biosynthesis of all steroid hormone classes (PMID:2630193). A common missense variant (1245A>C, encoding Thr367) renders the enzyme resistant to ubiquitin-mediated degradation, increasing protein stability and metabolic flux from adrenal DHEA to dihydrotestosterone, thereby facilitating castration-resistant prostate cancer (PMID:31271415, PMID:27575027). HSD3B1 transcription is regulated by a broad network of transcription factors—including AR (creating a feed-forward androgen synthesis loop), GATA2, TEF-5, NR5A2/LRH-1, VDR, Elk1 (induced by cancer-associated fibroblast-secreted glucosamine), and IL-4/STAT6/MAPK signaling—and its upregulation upon loss of AR signaling or endocrine therapy contributes to treatment resistance in both prostate and breast cancer (PMID:29850791, PMID:37009898, PMID:37478518, PMID:40544998). Beyond classical steroidogenesis, 3βHSD1 also metabolizes the drug abiraterone to the AR-agonist metabolite 3-keto-5α-abiraterone and possesses oxysterol 3β-dehydrogenase activity in placenta (PMID:29939161, PMID:37132223).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1989 High

    Establishing the foundational enzymatic identity of HSD3B1 resolved the molecular basis of the Δ5-to-Δ4 steroid conversion step required for all steroid hormone biosynthesis.

    Evidence Chromosomal mapping by in situ hybridization and prior biochemical characterization of 3βHSD activity

    PMID:2630193

    Open questions at the time
    • No structural model of the enzyme
    • Tissue-specific isoform functions not yet dissected
  2. 2004 High

    Identification of a 53-bp distal enhancer with TEF-5 and GATA-binding sites explained how placenta-specific HSD3B1 expression is achieved, addressing how a ubiquitously needed steroidogenic step is tissue-restricted.

    Evidence Promoter deletion, EMSA, site-directed mutagenesis, and luciferase reporter assays in JEG-3 cells

    PMID:15131259

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the GATA-like factor not fully resolved
    • Chromatin context and in vivo enhancer validation not performed
  3. 2017 High

    Demonstration that GATA2 activates and GATA3 represses HSD3B1 transcription via proximal promoter GATA elements revealed antagonistic transcriptional control in placenta, refining the earlier enhancer model.

    Evidence EMSA, ChIP, siRNA knockdown, and luciferase reporter assays in JEG-3 cells

    PMID:28655875

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo confirmation of GATA2/3 antagonism not shown
    • Whether GATA2/3 balance shifts in pathology unknown
  4. 2018 High

    Discovery that AR signaling transcriptionally induces HSD3B1, increasing DHEA-to-androstenedione flux, established a feed-forward loop in which androgen production self-amplifies—a critical insight for castration-resistant prostate cancer.

    Evidence RT-PCR, Western blot, enzalutamide blockade, castration xenograft models, and radiolabeled [³H]-DHEA metabolic flux assays in multiple prostate cancer cell lines

    PMID:29850791

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct AR binding to HSD3B1 regulatory elements not demonstrated by ChIP
    • Kinetics of feed-forward saturation in vivo unresolved
  5. 2018 High

    Linking the HSD3B1(1245C) gain-of-function variant to abiraterone metabolism showed that 3βHSD1 converts the steroidal drug to an AR-agonist metabolite, revealing a pharmacogenomic mechanism of treatment resistance.

    Evidence Pharmacokinetic analysis of seven steroidal abiraterone metabolites in healthy volunteers and patients, stratified by HSD3B1 genotype

    PMID:29939161

    Open questions at the time
    • Clinical outcome data tied to genotype-stratified metabolite levels limited
    • Whether co-administered drugs alter this conversion unknown
  6. 2019 High

    Establishing that the 1245C variant protein resists ubiquitin-mediated degradation provided the biochemical mechanism for the gain-of-function phenotype, explaining increased steady-state enzyme levels and enhanced peripheral androgen synthesis.

    Evidence Biochemical studies of protein stability and ubiquitination, referenced across multiple independent clinical cohort studies

    PMID:27575027 PMID:31271415 PMID:32565196

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligase responsible for wild-type 3βHSD1 ubiquitination not identified
    • Structural basis of degradation resistance unknown
  7. 2022 Medium

    Demonstration that IL-4 induces HSD3B1 via STAT6 promoter binding plus PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways in colon cancer cells extended the transcriptional regulatory network beyond reproductive tissues and into immune-cytokine signaling.

    Evidence STAT6, PI3K/AKT, GSK3, and MAPK pathway inhibitors combined with promoter analysis and RT-PCR/Western blot in HT-29 cells

    PMID:36362361

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance in colon cancer not established
    • Direct STAT6 ChIP not shown
    • Single cell line used
  8. 2022 Medium

    Showing that VDR directly binds VDREs in the Hsd3b1 promoter to enhance transcription connected vitamin D signaling to steroidogenesis regulation.

    Evidence Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR, Western blot, and testosterone ELISA in mouse Leydig cells

    PMID:35254654

    Open questions at the time
    • Only tested in mouse Leydig cells; human promoter confirmation needed
    • Physiological vitamin D concentration range not tested
  9. 2023 High

    Identifying cancer-associated fibroblast-secreted glucosamine as an inducer of HSD3B1 via O-GlcNAcylation/Elk1 revealed a microenvironment-driven mechanism for intratumoral androgen synthesis in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

    Evidence Unbiased metabolomics, co-culture, Elk1 genetic ablation in vivo, multiplex fluorescent imaging of patient tissues

    PMID:37009898

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Elk1 directly binds HSD3B1 promoter not confirmed by ChIP
    • Specificity of glucosamine effect versus other hexosamines untested
  10. 2023 Medium

    Demonstrating that 3βHSD1 catalyzes oxysterol 3β-dehydrogenation in placenta expanded the enzyme's substrate repertoire beyond classical steroids, implying a role in regulating oxysterol delivery to the fetus.

    Evidence In vitro enzymatic assay with recombinant HSD3B1 and oxysterol substrates; mass spectrometry identification of 3-oxo-4-ene oxysterols in cord blood and maternal plasma

    PMID:37132223

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological significance of placental oxysterol metabolism for fetal development unknown
    • Contribution relative to other oxysterol-metabolizing enzymes not quantified
  11. 2023 Medium

    Identification of NR5A2/LRH-1 as an upstream transcriptional inducer of HSD3B1 that is itself upregulated upon AR pathway blockade provided a bypass mechanism for sustained androgen synthesis during anti-androgen therapy.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown and ML180 pharmacological inhibition of NR5A2 in darolutamide-resistant prostate cancer cell models

    PMID:37478518

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct NR5A2 binding to HSD3B1 promoter not confirmed by ChIP
    • In vivo therapeutic efficacy of NR5A2 inhibition not tested
  12. 2025 Medium

    Extending the NR5A2-HSD3B1 axis to ER-positive breast cancer showed that endocrine therapy-induced HSD3B1 upregulation enables DHEA-driven ER signaling, broadening the clinical relevance of this steroidogenic bypass beyond prostate cancer.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown of LRH1 and HSD3B1 in long-term estrogen-deprived and tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell models with metabolic assays

    PMID:40544998

    Open questions at the time
    • Patient-derived validation not shown
    • Relative contribution of HSD3B1 versus aromatase in resistant tumors unclear
  13. 2025 Medium

    Placing HSD3B1 downstream of GPR133 loss demonstrated a new signaling axis: GPR133 deficiency de-represses HSD3B1 transcription, elevates intracellular testosterone, and sustains AR signaling through enzalutamide, with HSD3B1 knockdown rescuing sensitivity.

    Evidence Double siRNA knockdown epistasis, RNA-seq, xenograft models, testosterone quantification

    PMID:41664980

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of GPR133-mediated HSD3B1 repression unknown
    • Single study without independent replication

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the identity of the E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting wild-type 3βHSD1, the structural basis of degradation resistance conferred by the Thr367 variant, whether direct AR or Elk1 binding to HSD3B1 regulatory regions occurs, and the in vivo physiological significance of placental oxysterol metabolism by this enzyme.
  • E3 ligase for 3βHSD1 not identified
  • No crystal structure of human 3βHSD1
  • In vivo contribution of oxysterol activity uncharacterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity 4
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-9748784 Drug ADME 1
Partners
ARELK1GATA2GPR133NR5A2TEAD1VDR

Evidence

Reading pass · 14 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1989 HSD3B1 encodes the enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidative conversion of Δ5-3β-hydroxy steroids to the Δ4-3-keto configuration, which is required for the biosynthesis of all classes of steroid hormones including progesterone, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. The gene was chromosomally assigned to the p13 band of chromosome 1 by in situ hybridization. In situ hybridization with labeled HSD3B1-specific cDNA; enzymatic activity established by prior biochemical characterization Cytogenetics and cell genetics High 2630193
2004 Placental-specific expression of HSD3B1 is determined by a 53-bp enhancer element located between -2570 and -2518 of the promoter, where TEF-5 (transcription enhancer factor-5) and a GATA-like protein coordinately bind two adjacent sites; site-specific mutations in either binding site completely abolished enhancer activity. Promoter deletion analysis, EMSA, site-directed mutagenesis, transfection of luciferase reporter constructs into JEG-3 cells Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) High 15131259
2017 GATA2 and GATA3 bind two GATA elements at -106/-99 and -52/-45 of the HSD3B1 proximal promoter. ChIP assays demonstrated GATA2 (but not GATA3) association with these regions in JEG-3 cells. GATA2 knockdown significantly reduced HSD3B1 expression, while GATA3 knockdown increased it, identifying GATA2 as a positive and GATA3 as a negative transcriptional regulator of HSD3B1 in human placenta. EMSA, ChIP assay, siRNA knockdown, luciferase reporter assay, Western blot Scientific reports High 28655875
2018 Androgen receptor (AR) signaling transcriptionally induces HSD3B1 expression in prostate cancer cells (VCaP, CWR22Rv1, LNCaP, LAPC4) with peak induction at ~72 hours followed by attenuation at ~120 hours. Enzalutamide treatment abrogated androgen-induced HSD3B1 upregulation. In VCaP xenografts, castration reduced HSD3B1 expression in vivo. Androgen treatment increased metabolic flux from [3H]-DHEA to androstenedione, establishing a feed-forward loop of androgen synthesis. RT-PCR, Western blot, enzalutamide treatment (AR inhibition), in vivo xenograft castration model, radiolabeled substrate metabolic flux assay Endocrinology High 29850791
2018 The HSD3B1(1245A>C) variant encodes a hyperactive 3βHSD1 protein (Thr367 variant) that increases metabolic flux from extragonadal precursor steroids (DHEA) to DHT synthesis in prostate cancer. Patients inheriting the 1245C variant have a stepwise increase in serum 3-keto-5α-abiraterone (an AR-stimulating abiraterone metabolite generated by 3βHSD1 action on abiraterone), demonstrating that 3βHSD1 metabolizes the steroidal drug abiraterone to a competing agonist metabolite. Pharmacokinetic analysis of 7 steroidal abiraterone metabolites in healthy volunteers; serum metabolite quantification by genotype in patients treated with abiraterone acetate The Journal of clinical investigation High 29939161
2023 Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-secreted glucosamine increases O-GlcNAcylation in prostate cancer epithelial cells, elevating expression of the transcription factor Elk1, which then induces HSD3B1 transcription, upregulates 3βHSD1 enzymatic activity, and drives intratumoral androgen synthesis leading to castration-resistant prostate cancer. Genetic ablation of Elk1 in cancer epithelial cells suppressed CAF-induced androgen biosynthesis in vivo. Unbiased metabolomics, in vitro co-culture, Elk1 genetic ablation (in vivo), multiplex fluorescent imaging of patient samples The Journal of clinical investigation High 37009898
2023 HSD3B1 in human placenta acts as an oxysterol 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, catalyzing the conversion of Δ5-3β-hydroxy oxysterols (without a 7α-hydroxy group) to 3-oxo-4-ene oxysterols — a previously unrecognized enzymatic activity. Proof-of-principle experiments confirmed this activity in vitro. These 3-oxo-4-ene oxysterols were identified in umbilical cord blood and plasma of pregnant women, suggesting HSD3B1 controls oxysterol abundance delivered to the fetus. In vitro enzymatic assay with recombinant HSD3B1 and oxysterol substrates; mass spectrometry-based oxysterol identification in cord blood and maternal plasma Open biology Medium 37132223
2023 NR5A2 (LRH-1) is upregulated in darolutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells and is induced by darolutamide treatment and AR knockdown. NR5A2 acts as an upstream regulator inducing HSD3B1 expression; NR5A2 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition with ML180 decreased HSD3B1 and other steroidogenic enzyme expression, sensitizing cells to darolutamide. Loss of AR signaling thus triggers NR5A2/HSD3B1 pathway activation to sustain androgen synthesis. siRNA knockdown, pharmacological inhibition (ML180), drug resistance cell models, RT-PCR, Western blot Drug resistance updates Medium 37478518
2022 VDR (vitamin D receptor) directly binds vitamin D response elements (VDREs) in the upstream region of the Hsd3b1 gene promoter and enhances its transcription, as confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. VDR overexpression increased testosterone synthesis in mouse Leydig cells, with HSD3B1 overexpression also modulating lipid metabolism genes Lpl and Angptl4. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR, Western blot, ELISA for testosterone, proteome analysis Genes & genomics Medium 35254654
2022 IL-4 induces HSD3B1 expression in HT-29 colon cancer cells via multiple signaling pathways: STAT6 binding to the HSD3B1 promoter, PI3K/AKT pathway, GSK3 (a downstream AKT target with stimulatory effect at late stages), and ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways. IL-4 induction of HSD3B1 promoted steroid synthesis. STAT6 inhibitor, PI3K/AKT inhibitor, GSK3 inhibitor, MAPK inhibitors, promoter binding analysis, RT-PCR, Western blot International journal of molecular sciences Medium 36362361
2025 LRH1 (liver receptor homolog-1/NR5A2) is a key transcriptional regulator of HSD3B1 in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Long-term estrogen deprivation or tamoxifen treatment induces HSD3B1 expression and enzymatic activity. LRH1 inhibition suppressed HSD3B1 expression, DHEA metabolism to androstenedione, and ER target gene activation. HSD3B1 deficiency impaired DHEA-driven cell survival in endocrine-resistant cells. siRNA knockdown (HSD3B1 and LRH1), long-term estrogen deprivation model, tamoxifen-resistant cell model, RT-PCR, Western blot, metabolic assays The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 40544998
2019 The HSD3B1(1245C) missense variant encodes a 3βHSD1 protein that is resistant to ubiquitin-mediated degradation, resulting in higher steady-state protein levels and increased metabolic flux from adrenal DHEA/DHEA-sulfate to dihydrotestosterone in peripheral tissues and prostate cancer, thereby enabling castration-resistant prostate cancer development. Mechanistic summary established by prior biochemical studies referenced across multiple clinical cohort papers; the degradation-resistance mechanism is the stated mechanistic basis across the corpus Endocrinology (review) High 27575027 31271415 32565196
2018 Estrogen receptor signaling (through estrogen receptors) mediates induction of Hsd3b1 mRNA in immature rat granulosa cells. An environmental estrogenic mixture increased Hsd3b1 expression, and addition of the estrogen receptor inhibitor ICI 182,780 prevented this increase, demonstrating ER-dependent transcriptional regulation of Hsd3b1. Pharmacological ER inhibition (ICI 182,780), RT-qPCR in primary granulosa cells Journal of applied toxicology Medium 29435998
2025 Loss of GPR133 in prostate cancer cells transcriptionally upregulates HSD3B1, elevating intracellular testosterone levels and sustaining AR signaling despite enzalutamide treatment. siRNA-mediated silencing of HSD3B1 reversed enzalutamide resistance induced by GPR133 knockdown, placing HSD3B1 downstream of GPR133 in a resistance pathway. siRNA knockdown (GPR133 and HSD3B1), RNA sequencing, gain/loss-of-function in vitro, xenograft mouse model, testosterone measurement The Prostate Medium 41664980

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 73 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2009 Transcriptional regulation of steroidogenic genes: STARD1, CYP11A1 and HSD3B. Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 213 19491374
2016 HSD3B1 and resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy in prostate cancer: a retrospective, multicohort study. The Lancet. Oncology 122 27575027
1989 Assignment of the human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene (HSDB3) to the p13 band of chromosome 1. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 80 2630193
2004 Association of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 haplotypes, but not HSD3B1 or PTP1B polymorphisms, with essential hypertension. Journal of hypertension 75 15097232
2002 Joint effect of HSD3B1 and HSD3B2 genes is associated with hereditary and sporadic prostate cancer susceptibility. Cancer research 70 11912155
2012 Gonadal transactivation of STARD1, CYP11A1 and HSD3B. Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) 66 22201776
2020 HSD3B1 Genotype and Clinical Outcomes in Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. JAMA oncology 62 32053149
2018 Association of HSD3B1 Genotype With Response to Androgen-Deprivation Therapy for Biochemical Recurrence After Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer. JAMA oncology 53 29049492
2019 Association of Missense Polymorphism in HSD3B1 With Outcomes Among Men With Prostate Cancer Treated With Androgen-Deprivation Therapy or Abiraterone. JAMA network open 52 30794306
2004 Transcription enhancer factor-5 and a GATA-like protein determine placental-specific expression of the Type I human 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene, HSD3B1. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 49 15131259
2018 HSD3B1 and Response to a Nonsteroidal CYP17A1 Inhibitor in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. JAMA oncology 46 29049452
2018 HSD3B1(1245A>C) variant regulates dueling abiraterone metabolite effects in prostate cancer. The Journal of clinical investigation 43 29939161
2020 HSD3B1 (1245A>C) germline variant and clinical outcomes in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone and enzalutamide: results from two prospective studies. Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 39 32574722
2019 HSD3B1 Genotypes Conferring Adrenal-Restrictive and Adrenal-Permissive Phenotypes in Prostate Cancer and Beyond. Endocrinology 39 31271415
2007 Association between polymorphisms in HSD3B1 and UGT2B17 and prostate cancer risk. Urology 36 17826523
2012 Expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (hsd3b), star and ad4bp/sf-1 during gonadal development in medaka (Oryzias latipes). General and comparative endocrinology 35 22330050
2011 Effect of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine and 3,5-diiodothyronine on progesterone production, cAMP synthesis, and mRNA expression of STAR, CYP11A1, and HSD3B genes in granulosa layer of chicken preovulatory follicles. Domestic animal endocrinology 35 21798688
2017 HSD3B1 status as a biomarker of androgen deprivation resistance and implications for prostate cancer. Nature reviews. Urology 34 29231195
2009 Zebrafish cyp11a1 and hsd3b genes: structure, expression and steroidogenic development during embryogenesis. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 34 19682541
2009 DNA methylation is not involved in preovulatory down-regulation of CYP11A1, HSD3B1, and CYP19A1 in bovine follicles but may have a role in permanent silencing of CYP19A1 in large granulosa lutein cells. Biology of reproduction 33 19794152
2008 HSD3B1 as a novel trophoblast-associated marker that assists in the differential diagnosis of trophoblastic tumors and tumorlike lesions. The American journal of surgical pathology 33 18223326
2023 Cancer-associated fibroblast-secreted glucosamine alters the androgen biosynthesis program in prostate cancer via HSD3B1 upregulation. The Journal of clinical investigation 32 37009898
2020 Germline HSD3B1 Genetics and Prostate Cancer Outcomes. Urology 31 32866512
2016 Effects of PCB 126 and PCB 153 on secretion of steroid hormones and mRNA expression of steroidogenic genes (STAR, HSD3B, CYP19A1) and estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ) in prehierarchical chicken ovarian follicles. Toxicology letters 31 27832956
1995 Genetic linkage mapping of HSD3B1 and HSD3B2 encoding human types I and II 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4-isomerase close to D1S514 and the centromeric D1Z5 locus. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 30 7835088
2010 Association of HSD3B1 and HSD3B2 gene polymorphisms with essential hypertension, aldosterone level, and left ventricular structure. European journal of endocrinology 29 20660004
2020 Through the Looking-Glass: Reevaluating DHEA Metabolism Through HSD3B1 Genetics. Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM 28 32565196
2012 Estrogen synthesis genes CYP19A1, HSD3B1, and HSD3B2 in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Endocrine 28 22638611
2015 Variant allele of HSD3B1 increases progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer. The Prostate 27 25731771
2002 Polymorphism in exon 4 of the human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I gene (HSD3B1) and blood pressure. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 25 12054649
2014 Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on secretion of steroids and STAR, HSD3B and CYP19A1 mRNA expression in chicken ovarian follicles. Toxicology letters 24 24398026
2019 Nitrophenols suppress steroidogenesis in prehierarchical chicken ovarian follicles by targeting STAR, HSD3B1, and CYP19A1 and downregulating LH and estrogen receptor expression. Domestic animal endocrinology 22 31514021
2018 Germline Variant in HSD3B1 (1245 A > C) and Response to Abiraterone Acetate Plus Prednisone in Men With New-Onset Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clinical genitourinary cancer 22 29674118
2019 Three populations of adult Leydig cells in mouse testes revealed by a novel mouse HSD3B1-specific rat monoclonal antibody. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 21 30851938
2015 Two Zebrafish hsd3b Genes Are Distinct in Function, Expression, and Evolution. Endocrinology 21 25974401
2021 Adrenal-permissive HSD3B1 genetic inheritance and risk of estrogen-driven postmenopausal breast cancer. JCI insight 18 34520399
2012 HSD3B and gene-gene interactions in a pathway-based analysis of genetic susceptibility to bladder cancer. PloS one 18 23284679
2010 The pre-ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge is followed by down-regulation of CYP19A1, HSD3B1, and CYP17A1 and chromatin condensation of the corresponding promoters in bovine follicles. Molecular reproduction and development 18 21069797
2018 AR Signaling in Prostate Cancer Regulates a Feed-Forward Mechanism of Androgen Synthesis by Way of HSD3B1 Upregulation. Endocrinology 15 29850791
2013 Association of HSD17B3 and HSD3B1 polymorphisms with acne vulgaris in Southwestern Han Chinese. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 15 24157973
1996 Isolation and characterization of several members of the murine Hsd3b gene family. DNA and cell biology 14 8924213
2022 Association of HSD3B1 Genotype and Clinical Outcomes in Postmenopausal Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Annals of surgical oncology 13 35776258
2013 HSD3B1 is a specific trophoblast-associated marker not expressed in a wide spectrum of tumors. International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society 13 23318910
2019 HSD3B1 gene polymorphism and female pattern hair loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi 12 31056381
2018 SULFATION PATHWAYS: Expression of SULT2A1, SULT2B1 and HSD3B1 in the porcine testis and epididymis. Journal of molecular endocrinology 12 29588428
2024 Adrenal-Permissive Germline HSD3B1 Allele and Prostate Cancer Outcomes. JAMA network open 11 38506808
2022 VDR mediated HSD3B1 to regulate lipid metabolism and promoted testosterone synthesis in mouse Leydig cells. Genes & genomics 11 35254654
2017 Proximal GATA-binding sites are essential for human HSD3B1 gene transcription in the placenta. Scientific reports 9 28655875
2024 HSD3B1, prostate cancer mortality and modifiable outcomes. Nature reviews. Urology 8 39543357
2022 Association Between Adrenal-Restrictive HSD3B1 Inheritance and Hormone-Independent Subtypes of Endometrial and Breast Cancer. JNCI cancer spectrum 8 35947687
2021 The association between missense polymorphisms in SRD5A2 and HSD3B1 and treatment failure with abiraterone for castration-resistant prostate cancer. The pharmacogenomics journal 8 33649516
2009 Polymorphisms of the ApoE, HSD3B1, IL-1beta and p53 genes are associated with the development of early uremic complications in diabetic patients: results of a DNA resequencing array study. International journal of molecular medicine 7 19148546
1998 Regional localisations of VIM, HSD3b, ACTA1 and PGM1 in pigs. Animal genetics 7 9682444
2024 Survival of men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and adrenal-permissive HSD3B1 inheritance. The Journal of clinical investigation 6 39286977
2023 HSD3B1 is an oxysterol 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human placenta. Open biology 6 37132223
2018 Environmental mixture with estrogenic activity increases Hsd3b1 expression through estrogen receptors in immature rat granulosa cells. Journal of applied toxicology : JAT 6 29435998
2023 NR5A2/HSD3B1 pathway promotes cellular resistance to second-generation antiandrogen darolutamide. Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy 5 37478518
2014 Expression and gene variation studies deny association of human HSD3B1 gene with aldosterone production or blood pressure. American journal of hypertension 5 24951726
2022 HSD3B1 Expression Is Upregulated by Interleukin 4 in HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells via Multiple Signaling Pathways. International journal of molecular sciences 4 36362361
2021 Clinical impact of HSD3B1 polymorphism by metastatic volume and somatic HSD3B1 alterations in advanced prostate cancer. Andrologia 4 34747051
2024 Identification and function analysis of steroid hormone synthesis pathway-related gene-Hsd3b in Scylla paramamosain. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 3 38670516
2024 Pesticides enhance maternal care in the wolf spider by inhibiting HSD3B, an enzyme for progesterone synthesis. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 3 39638228
2023 Repro-protective activity of amygdalin and spirulina platensis in niosomes and conventional forms against aluminum chloride-induced testicular challenge in adult rats: role of CYP11A1, StAR, and HSD-3B expressions. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 3 37910183
2022 P1245 Polymorphic Variants of HSD3B1 Gene Confer Different Outcome in Specific Subgroups of Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2. Frontiers in medicine 2 35874037
2020 HSD3B1 variant and androgen-deprivation therapy outcome in prostate cancer. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 2 33141329
2011 Genetic variation in the HSD3B1 gene and recurrent spontaneous abortions. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2 21631238
2025 The Influence of the Germline HSD3B1 Adrenal-Permissive Allele (c.1100 C) on the Somatic Alteration Landscape, the Transcriptome, and Immune Cell Infiltration in Prostate Cancer. Cancers 1 40282446
2025 HSD3B1 upregulation via LRH1 sustains estrogen receptor signaling and promotes endocrine resistance in breast cancer. The Journal of biological chemistry 1 40544998
2022 Role of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the HSD3B1 gene (rs6203 and rs33937873) in the prediction of prostate cancer risk. Molecular medicine reports 1 35795973
2026 Loss of GPR133 Promotes Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer by Upregulating HSD3B1 and Intratumoral Androgen Synthesis. The Prostate 0 41664980
2025 HSD3B1 (c.1100C) Genotype Is Associated with Distinct Tumoral and Clinical Outcomes in Breast and Endometrial Cancers. International journal of molecular sciences 0 40565184
2025 Association between CYP17A1 and HSD3B1 gene polymorphisms and testosterone levels in Nigerian prostate cancer patients. Scientific reports 0 41023281
2025 An additional mechanism of HSD3B in regulating maternal care behavior in the wolf spiders, neuropeptides. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 0 41326071