Affinage

HPD

4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase · UniProt P32754

Length
393 aa
Mass
45.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 10 papers cited in narrative 10 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: tie faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

HPD (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) catalyzes the second step of tyrosine catabolism, converting 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogentisate, and is expressed predominantly in liver under hepatocyte-specific transcriptional control (PMID:10942115, PMID:7851880). Loss-of-function mutations abolish this activity and cause accumulation of tyrosine and phenolic metabolites, producing tyrosinemia type III with neurological features in humans and a parallel hypertyrosinemia phenotype in mouse (PMID:10942115, PMID:7774914). Because HPD acts upstream of the toxic homogentisate-derived metabolites (including succinylacetone) generated in fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase deficiency, genetic ablation of HPD in Fah-deficient mice and pigs redirects flux away from the pathogenic branch and protects against lethal liver and renal injury; exogenous homogentisate restores caspase-dependent apoptosis of proximal renal tubular cells, placing HPD precisely at this metabolic branch point (PMID:10665936, PMID:33997102). HPD protein abundance is set post-translationally by a TTC36-STK33-PELI1 axis: STK33 phosphorylates HPD at T382 to recruit the FHA-domain E3 ligase PELI1 for polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation, while TTC36 binding blocks this phosphorylation, and TTC36 loss in mice depletes hepatic HPD, causing tyrosinemia and hippocampal damage (PMID:31537781). Beyond catabolism, loss of HPD enzymatic activity lowers ketone body production and activates AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling and mTOR-dependent glutaminase to drive glutamine anaplerosis and proliferative phenotypes (PMID:34433044). HPD additionally moonlights as an RNA-binding protein that recognizes the RRACH motif through two dsRNA-binding domains and enhances translation of glycolytic enzyme mRNAs TPI and ENO1, promoting glycolysis, tumor growth, and drug resistance (PMID:40491422).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 9 steps
  1. 1994 Medium

    Establishing where HPD is expressed and how it is transcriptionally controlled was needed to anchor its physiological role; defining the gene's structure and liver-enriched expression located its function in hepatic tyrosine metabolism.

    Evidence Genomic library screening, exon-boundary sequencing, Northern blot tissue profiling, and 5'-flanking analysis

    PMID:7851880 PMID:9325050

    Open questions at the time
    • Promoter element function tested only by reporter assay, not in vivo
    • Does not address extra-hepatic expression or non-catalytic functions
  2. 1995 Medium

    A causal link between Hpd disruption and disease was established in vivo when a nonsense mutation causing exon skipping produced a truncated enzyme and hypertyrosinemia, defining a tyrosinemia type III model.

    Evidence Genomic sequencing, RT-PCR exon-skipping analysis, and liver enzymatic activity assays in mouse strain III

    PMID:7774914

    Open questions at the time
    • No in vitro reconstitution of the truncated enzyme
    • Mechanism of neurological consequences not addressed
  3. 2000 Medium

    Whether human HPD mutations are disease-causing was confirmed by identifying loss-of-function mutations in patients with biochemically confirmed enzyme deficiency, defining HPD as the catalytic basis of tyrosinemia type III.

    Evidence Mutation sequencing and genotype-phenotype correlation in unrelated families with confirmed enzyme deficiency

    PMID:10942115

    Open questions at the time
    • No in vitro enzymatic reconstitution of mutant proteins
    • Structure-function basis of individual mutations not resolved
  4. 2000 High

    The precise pathway position of HPD relative to downstream toxic metabolites was resolved using a Fah/Hpd double-knockout, showing HPD acts upstream of homogentisate-derived succinylacetone and that its ablation is protective.

    Evidence Fah-/- Hpd-/- mouse model, exogenous homogentisate administration, caspase-inhibitor (YVAD) intervention, urine metabolite analysis, and histopathology

    PMID:10665936

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking homogentisate to caspase-independent renal dysfunction unresolved
    • Does not address HPD regulation
  5. 2019 High

    How HPD protein levels are controlled post-translationally was unknown; the TTC36-STK33-PELI1 axis was defined as a phosphorylation- and ubiquitylation-dependent stability switch governing hepatic HPD abundance.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, T382 phosphorylation and ubiquitylation assays, and a Ttc36-knockout mouse with biochemical and behavioral phenotyping

    PMID:31537781

    Open questions at the time
    • Stimuli that engage STK33-mediated HPD phosphorylation not defined
    • Whether this axis operates outside liver unknown
  6. 2021 High

    The metabolic consequences of losing HPD enzymatic activity were defined: reduced ketone bodies activate AMPK/mTOR signaling and glutaminase-driven glutamine anaplerosis, reprogramming metabolism toward proliferation.

    Evidence HPD silencing in liver cancer cells, metabolomics, 13C-glutamine isotope tracing, and AMPK/mTOR inhibitor epistasis

    PMID:34433044

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether this signaling cascade operates in normal hepatocytes vs cancer cells unclear
    • Direct sensor linking ketone levels to AMPK not identified
  7. 2021 Medium

    HPD's epistatic position was confirmed in a large-animal model when biallelic CRISPR disruption in FAH-deficient pigs rerouted tyrosine catabolism upstream of pathogenic metabolites and protected against lethal liver injury.

    Evidence CRISPR-Cas9 embryo microinjection in FAH-mutant pigs, liver histopathology, expression profiling, and oxidative stress assays

    PMID:33997102

    Open questions at the time
    • Long-term metabolic consequences of HPD ablation in pigs not assessed
    • Single study
  8. 2025 Medium

    A non-catalytic moonlighting function was uncovered: HPD binds RRACH-motif mRNAs through two dsRNA-binding domains and enhances translation of glycolytic enzyme transcripts TPI and ENO1, linking it to glycolysis and tumor phenotypes.

    Evidence RNA-binding assays, domain mapping of RBDs, translation and glycolysis flux measurements, and RBD-disruption tumor/drug-response experiments

    PMID:40491422

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab, not independently replicated
    • Relationship between RNA-binding and catalytic functions of HPD undefined
    • Structural basis of RRACH recognition unresolved
  9. 2024 Low

    A structural rationale for HPD active-site regulation was proposed in silico, identifying a C-terminal gating tail and key residues governing its conformational change.

    Evidence Molecular dynamics simulations, evolutionary analysis, and homology modeling without experimental validation

    PMID:38927403

    Open questions at the time
    • Purely computational; no experimental structural or functional validation
    • Predicted gating residues not tested by mutagenesis

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How HPD's enzymatic, stability-control, and RNA-binding functions are integrated within a single protein and coordinated across tissues remains unresolved.
  • No experimental structure of full-length human HPD or its RNA-bound state
  • Unknown whether RNA-binding competes with or is independent of catalysis
  • Physiological triggers of the TTC36-STK33-PELI1 axis undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity 3 GO:0003723 RNA binding 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 2
Partners
PELI1STK33TTC36

Evidence

Reading pass · 10 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2019 HPD protein stability is regulated by a TTC36-STK33-PELI1 signaling axis: TTC36 binds HPD and blocks STK33 from phosphorylating HPD at T382; T382 phosphorylation recruits the FHA-domain E3 ligase PELI1, which polyubiquitylates HPD and targets it for proteasomal degradation. TTC36 deficiency in mice reduces hepatic HPD, causing tyrosinemia and hippocampal neuronal damage. Co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation assays, ubiquitylation assays, Ttc36-knockout mouse model with biochemical and behavioral phenotyping Nature Communications High 31537781
2021 Loss of HPD enzymatic activity in liver cells reduces ketone body production, which activates the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K pathway and mTOR-dependent glutaminase (GLS) activation, shifting cellular metabolism toward glutamine anaplerosis and TCA cycle replenishment, thereby promoting tumorigenic and proliferative phenotypes. HPD silencing (siRNA/shRNA) in liver cancer cell lines, metabolomics profiling, isotope tracing (13C-glutamine), AMPK/mTOR pathway inhibitor experiments Cell Reports High 34433044
2025 Beyond its canonical enzymatic role, HPD functions as an RNA-binding protein (RBP) that binds the RRACH motif of target mRNAs through two dsRNA-binding domains (RBDs), enhancing global mRNA translation. Specifically, HPD binding promotes translation of glycolytic enzyme mRNAs TPI and ENO1, driving glycolysis, tumor growth, and drug resistance in ovarian cancer cells. RNA-binding protein assays, identification of RBDs by domain mapping, mRNA translation assays, glycolysis flux measurements, RBD-domain disruption experiments, tumor growth and drug response assays Advanced Science Medium 40491422
2000 HPD (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) catalyzes the second step in tyrosine catabolism; genetic deficiency (loss-of-function mutations including missense and nonsense mutations) causes accumulation of tyrosine and phenolic metabolites, resulting in tyrosinemia type III with neurological symptoms. Mutation identification in HPD gene by sequencing in patients with biochemically confirmed enzyme deficiency; genotype-phenotype correlation Human Genetics Medium 10942115
1995 A nonsense mutation in exon 7 of the mouse Hpd gene causes partial exon skipping, generating a truncated non-functional enzyme, leading to reduced 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase activity and hypertyrosinemia in mouse strain III; this strain is a model for human tyrosinemia type 3. Genomic sequencing, RT-PCR to detect exon skipping, enzymatic activity assays in liver tissue Genomics Medium 7774914
2000 In Fah-/- Hpd-/- double-mutant mice, the absence of HPD activity prevents accumulation of homogentisate-derived toxic metabolites (including succinylacetone) and protects against liver and renal disease. When homogentisate is exogenously administered to Fah-/- Hpd-/- mice, rapid apoptosis of proximal renal tubular cells occurs via caspase-dependent mechanisms, and renal Fanconi syndrome develops; apoptosis was blocked by caspase inhibitor YVAD but renal dysfunction was not, indicating these operate through separate pathways. Double-mutant mouse model (Fah-/- Hpd-/-), homogentisate administration, caspase inhibitor pretreatment (YVAD), urine metabolite analysis, histopathology Journal of the American Society of Nephrology High 10665936
1994 The human HPD gene is over 30 kb long, split into 14 exons, and expressed predominantly in liver. Analysis of the 5' flanking region identified hepatocyte-specific and liver-enriched transcription factor binding sites consistent with regulated hepatic expression. Genomic library screening, restriction mapping, exon-boundary sequencing, Northern blot analysis of tissue expression, 5'-flanking sequence analysis Genomics Medium 7851880
1997 The human HPD gene spans ~21 kb with 14 exons and 13 introns; the transcription start site is 35 nt upstream of the translational start. The 5'-flanking region contains CRE, AP-2, and Sp1 regulatory elements; transient transfection with CAT reporter constructs indicated that cAMP may regulate HPD transcription. Highest expression is in liver by Northern blot. Genomic library screening, PCR, DNA sequencing, Northern blot, transient transfection with CAT reporter constructs Genomics Medium 9325050
2021 CRISPR-Cas9-mediated biallelic disruption of HPD in FAH-deficient pigs redirects tyrosine catabolism upstream of the pathogenic pathway, protecting against fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase deficiency-induced lethal liver injury; HPD ablation also ameliorated oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and restored liver metabolic gene expression profiles. CRISPR-Cas9 cytoplasmic microinjection in FAH-mutant pig embryos, F1 generation characterization, liver histopathology, gene expression profiling, oxidative stress assays Molecular Therapy: Methods & Clinical Development Medium 33997102
2024 Computational modeling and in silico evolutionary analysis of human 4-HPPD revealed that the C-terminal tail acts as a gating mechanism for the active site, with two novel residues identified as key regulators of C-terminal tail conformational change; a full-length 3D structural model of human 4-HPPD was proposed. Bioinformatics/molecular dynamics simulations, evolutionary analysis, homology modeling; no experimental in vitro or structural validation Biomedicines Low 38927403

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1996 A conserved HPD sequence of the J-domain is necessary for YDJ1 stimulation of Hsp70 ATPase activity at a site distinct from substrate binding. The Journal of biological chemistry 226 8621599
2011 The c4h, tat, hppr and hppd genes prompted engineering of rosmarinic acid biosynthetic pathway in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy root cultures. PloS one 101 22242141
2010 Effect of bioaugmentation by Paracoccus sp. strain HPD-2 on the soil microbial community and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from an aged contaminated soil. Bioresource technology 93 20093016
1998 Mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 (NPe6) and hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) in photodynamic therapy administered to a human cholangiocarcinoma model. Cancer 60 9445202
1982 Photodynamic action and chromosomal damage: a comparison of haematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) and light with X-irradiation. British journal of cancer 58 7073939
2012 Structures of the human poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase catalytic domain confirm catalytic mechanism and explain inhibition by ADP-HPD derivatives. PloS one 54 23251397
2021 A HER2 target antibody drug conjugate combined with anti-PD-(L)1 treatment eliminates hHER2+ tumors in hPD-1 transgenic mouse model and contributes immune memory formation. Breast cancer research and treatment 50 34657203
2017 Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibitor Resistance in Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S.Wats.). Frontiers in plant science 47 28443128
1996 'Hamster-like' cycles in testicular size in the absence of gonadotrophin secretion in HPD rams exposed to long-term changes in photoperiod and treatment with melatonin. Journal of neuroendocrinology 47 8933363
2020 Cobalt (II) complex as a fluorescent sensing platform for the selective and sensitive detection of triketone HPPD inhibitors. Journal of hazardous materials 44 33039827
2000 Mutations in the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase gene (HPD) in patients with tyrosinemia type III. Human genetics 44 10942115
2020 Evolution of resistance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides in a wild radish population via enhanced herbicide metabolism. Pest management science 43 31854080
2018 Tembotrione detoxification in 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.). Pest management science 38 29105299
2009 HPD: an online integrated human pathway database enabling systems biology studies. BMC bioinformatics 38 19811689
1995 The gene encoding protein D (hpd) is highly conserved among Haemophilus influenzae type b and nontypeable strains. Infection and immunity 35 7822043
1984 Laser phototherapy following HpD administration in superficial neoplastic lesions. Tumori 35 6474583
2021 Loss of tyrosine catabolic enzyme HPD promotes glutamine anaplerosis through mTOR signaling in liver cancer. Cell reports 33 34433044
2000 A mouse model of renal tubular injury of tyrosinemia type 1: development of de Toni Fanconi syndrome and apoptosis of renal tubular cells in Fah/Hpd double mutant mice. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 33 10665936
1995 The role of angiogenesis in the tumor growth of Syrian hamster pancreatic cancer cell line HPD-NR. Gastroenterology 33 7537236
2008 Design, synthesis and herbicidal activity of new iron chelating motifs for HPPD-inhibitors. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 32 19028100
1993 Limited diversity of the protein D gene (hpd) among encapsulated and nonencapsulated Haemophilus influenzae strains. Infection and immunity 32 8104899
2018 Isolation of pyomelanin from bacteria and evidences showing its synthesis by 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase enzyme encoded by hppD gene. International journal of biological macromolecules 31 30081124
2021 Design, synthesis and biological activity of novel triketone-containing quinoxaline as HPPD inhibitor. Pest management science 30 34719096
2019 HPD degradation regulated by the TTC36-STK33-PELI1 signaling axis induces tyrosinemia and neurological damage. Nature communications 29 31537781
2007 The tyrosine degradation gene hppD is transcriptionally activated by HpdA and repressed by HpdR in Streptomyces coelicolor, while hpdA is negatively autoregulated and repressed by HpdR. Molecular microbiology 29 17640269
2020 Based on the Virtual Screening of Multiple Pharmacophores, Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Approaches toward the Discovery of Novel HPPD Inhibitors. International journal of molecular sciences 25 32756361
1995 A nonsense mutation in the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase gene (Hpd) causes skipping of the constitutive exon and hypertyrosinemia in mouse strain III. Genomics 23 7774914
1994 Structure of the human 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase gene (HPD). Genomics 23 7851880
2012 C4-alkoxy-HPD: a potent class of synthetic modulators surpassing nature in AI-2 quorum sensing. Journal of the American Chemical Society 22 22866957
2020 Effects of the novel HPPD-inhibitor herbicide QYM201 on enzyme activity and microorganisms, and its degradation in soil. Ecotoxicology (London, England) 21 33222056
1983 Cell biology of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). Lasers in surgery and medicine 20 6221167
2019 Study of the interactions of a novel monoclonal antibody, mAb059c, with the hPD-1 receptor. Scientific reports 19 31780710
2022 Virtual screening based on pharmacophore model for developing novel HPPD inhibitors. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 18 35715048
2019 Construction of Anti-hPD-L1 HCAb Nb6 and in Situ 124I Labeling for Noninvasive Detection of PD-L1 Expression in Human Bone Sarcoma. Bioconjugate chemistry 18 31535847
2018 Characterization and safety evaluation of HPPD W336, a modified 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase protein, and the impact of its expression on plant metabolism in herbicide-tolerant MST-FGØ72-2 soybean. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP 18 29894735
2024 Physiological effects of maize stressed by HPPD inhibitor herbicides via multi-spectral technology and two-dimensional correlation spectrum technology. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 17 38340602
2015 Rapamycin impairs HPD-induced beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis. British journal of pharmacology 17 25884889
1993 HPD-induced photodynamic changes in intracellular cyclic AMP levels in human bladder transitional carcinoma cells, clone T24. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 17 8394699
2023 Discovery of novel HPPD inhibitors: Virtual screening, molecular design, structure modification and biological evaluation. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 16 37105629
2023 First Report on Resistance to HPPD Herbicides Mediated by Nontarget-Site Mechanisms in the Grass Leptochloa chinensis. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 16 37889480
2022 Vibrio splendidus virulence to Apostichopus japonicus is mediated by hppD through glutamate metabolism and flagellum assembly. Virulence 16 35259068
2021 Investigation on potential biomarkers of hyperprogressive disease (HPD) triggered by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico 16 33847923
2000 Gene mutation in hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation (HPD), strictly defined dopa-responsive dystonia. Brain & development 15 10984668
2022 Fluorescence kinetics study of twice laser irradiation based HpD-PDT for nonmelanoma skin cancer. Lasers in surgery and medicine 13 35391497
2019 Using RNA-seq to characterize responses to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor herbicide resistance in waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus). BMC plant biology 13 31060501
1986 A study on the possible involvement of nonlinear mechanism of light absorption by HpD with Nd:YAG laser. Lasers in surgery and medicine 13 2942743
2020 Tyrosine metabolic enzyme HPD is decreased and predicts unfavorable outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathology, research and practice 12 32891822
2019 Evaluation of 64Cu radiolabeled anti-hPD-L1 Nb6 for positron emission tomography imaging in lung cancer tumor mice model. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 12 31926788
2022 Computer-Assisted Proposition of Promising Aryloxyacetic Acid Derivatives as HPPD Inhibitors. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 11 35848390
2021 Genetically blocking HPD via CRISPR-Cas9 protects against lethal liver injury in a pig model of tyrosinemia type I. Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development 11 33997102
2006 The sensitivity of the Bayesian HPD method to the choice of prior. Science & justice : journal of the Forensic Science Society 11 17388244
1988 Effects of photosensitizer (hematoporphyrin derivative-HPD) and light dose on vascular targets in the albino mouse ear. The Laryngoscope 11 3336250
1983 In vitro hematoporphyrin (Hpd) inhibitory effects on some immunological assays. International journal of immunopharmacology 11 6607227
2019 Theoretical QSAR modelling and molecular docking studies of some 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) enzyme inhibitors potentially used as herbicides. Heliyon 10 31768442
2018 Synergistic tumoricidal effect of combined hPD-L1 vaccine and HER2 gene vaccine. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 10 29438713
1997 Human 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase gene (HPD). Genomics 10 9325050
2024 Integrated Virtual Screening and Validation toward Potential HPPD Inhibition Herbicide. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 9 38408430
2024 Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Novel Triketone-Containing Phenoxy Nicotinyl Inhibitors of HPPD. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 9 38714361
2025 PD-L1 and IFN-γ modulate Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cell plasticity associated to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-mediated hyperprogressive disease (HPD). Journal of translational medicine 8 39748404
2024 Incidence of immunotherapy-related hyperprogressive disease (HPD) across HPD definitions and cancer types in observational studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer medicine 8 38400685
2019 In-Silico analysis of missense SNPs in Human HPPD gene associated with Tyrosinemia type III and Hawkinsinuria. Computational biology and chemistry 8 31054541
2023 Bach1 inhibitor HPP-D mediates γ-globin gene activation in sickle erythroid progenitors. Blood cells, molecules & diseases 7 37633023
2009 Photo-oxidative action in cervix carcinoma cells induced by HPD - mediated photodynamic therapy. Experimental oncology 7 20010535
1997 Sequence variation in the hpd gene of nonencapsulated Haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients with chronic bronchitis. Gene 7 9210589
1991 [Uptake and distribution of hematoporphyrin derivatives (HPD) in arteriosclerotic and normal vessel segments]. Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie 7 1833890
2021 Assessing the Effects of β-Triketone Herbicides on the Soil Bacterial and hppd Communities: A Lab-to-Field Experiment. Frontiers in microbiology 6 33505377
2020 Design of a degenerate primer pair to target a bacterial functional community: The hppd bacterial gene coding for the enzyme targeted by herbicides, a study case. Journal of microbiological methods 6 31926848
2023 Species differences and human relevance of the toxicity of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors and a new approach method in vitro for investigation. Archives of toxicology 5 36800004
2023 Therapeutic efficacy of plant-produced Nivolumab in transgenic C57BL/6-hPD-1 mouse implanted with MC38 colon cancer. Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 5 37064962
2020 Variant analysis of HPD genes from two families showing elevated tyrosine upon newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM 5 32109208
2025 HPD is an RNA-Binding Protein Sustaining Ovarian Cancer Cell Glycolysis, Tumor Growth, and Drug Resistance. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 4 40491422
2024 Hematoporphyrin derivative-photodynamic therapy (HpD-PDT) for extensive vulvar and vaginal Bowen's disease: A case report. Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy 4 39746561
2022 Identification and antioxidant capacity of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), a new favored herbicide target, in Apis cerana cerana. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 4 35715049
2022 Assessing the effects of β-triketone herbicides on HPPD from environmental bacteria using a combination of in silico and microbiological approaches. Environmental science and pollution research international 4 36068455
2022 Pyomelanin production via heterologous expression of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) and construction of HPPD inhibitor screening model. Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 4 36470730
2017 Molecular dynamics simulations of Hsp40 J-domain mutants identifies disruption of the critical HPD-motif as the key factor for impaired curing in vivo of the yeast prion [URE3]. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 4 28766406
2015 Molecular Cloning, Expression and Purification of Truncated hpd Fragment of Haemophilus influenzae in Escherichia coli. Jundishapur journal of microbiology 4 26464772
1995 Regional assignment of the human 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase gene (HPD) to 12q24-->qter by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 4 8521727
2025 Basing target enzyme study the enantioselective bioactivity action mechanism of flusulfinam, a novel HPPD inhibitor herbicide. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 3 40082037
2025 Curative Effect of Cutaneous Ulcer Wound Repair Through a Novel Liquid Dressing After HpD-PDT Treatment of Extramammary Paget's Disease-A Prospective, Semi-Lesion Controlled, Pilot Study. Journal of cosmetic dermatology 3 40899671
2024 A commercial humic acid inhibits benzo(a)pyrene biodegradation by Paracoccus aminovorans HPD-2. The Science of the total environment 3 38537831
2024 Data derived extrapolation factors (DDEFs) for rat to human interspecies extrapolation for the HPPD inhibitor mesotrione. Critical reviews in toxicology 3 38869005
2024 Molecular and Evolution In Silico Studies Unlock the h4-HPPD C-Terminal Tail Gating Mechanism. Biomedicines 3 38927403
2023 Study of two combined series of triketones with HPPD inhibitory activity by molecular modelling. SAR and QSAR in environmental research 3 36951367
2023 Efficacy of hematoporphyrin injection (HpD) photodynamic therapy in the treatment of widespread extramammary Paget's disease. Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy 3 37302640
2022 Leveraging structural and 2D-QSAR to investigate the role of functional group substitutions, conserved surface residues and desolvation in triggering the small molecule-induced dimerization of hPD-L1. BMC chemistry 3 35761353
2020 Development of a fluorescent probe for the detection of hPD-L1. Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 3 32690363
2011 HPPD: A newly recognized autosomal dominant disorder involving hypertelorism, preauricular sinus, punctal pits, and deafness mapping to chromosome 14q31. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 3 21480481
1996 [Segawa disease (hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation-HPD) and abnormalities in pteridin metabolism]. Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology 3 9128393
1984 Cellular binding of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) in human bladder cancer cell line: KK-47. Progress in clinical and biological research 3 6241690
2025 Computer-Aided Design and Pharmacophore-Based Screening of a Diverse Combinatorial Library of Phytoselective Aryloxyacetic Acid Derivatives as HPPD Inhibitors. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2 40017298
2024 Sequence-dependent effects of hematoporphyrin derivatives (HPD) photodynamic therapy and cisplatin on lung adenocarcinoma cells. Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy 2 38679153
2023 Case report: A combined immunotherapy strategy as a promising therapy for MSI-H colorectal carcinomas with multiple HPD risk factors. Frontiers in medicine 2 37215717
2023 "Structural responses of non-targeted bacterial and hppd communities to the herbicide tembotrione in soil". The Science of the total environment 2 37914111
1996 [Molecular genetics of hereditary progressive dystonia (HPD/Segawa's disease)]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 2 8965384
1992 [Effect of combined use of chemotherapeutic agents and hematopor--phyrin derivative (HPD) on human gastric cancer cell line in vitro]. Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi [Chinese journal of oncology] 2 1327693
1992 Biological effects of photoactivated-HPD and cholesteryl hemisuccinate on erythroid differentiation. Biomaterials, artificial cells, and immobilization biotechnology : official journal of the International Society for Artificial Cells and Immobilization Biotechnology 2 1391432
1990 A practical test for in vitro evaluation of photosensitization: assessment with hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). Cytotechnology 2 1368556
1984 Fluorescing cells in sputum after parenteral HpD. Progress in clinical and biological research 2 6241694
1984 [Experimental studies on photoradiation therapy by hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) and argon dye laser]. Nihon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai zasshi 2 6520474

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