Affinage

H2AC18

Histone H2A type 2-A · UniProt Q6FI13

Length
130 aa
Mass
14.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
57 papers in source corpus 17 papers cited in narrative 17 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

H2AC18 (HIST2H2AA3/H2A.2) is a replication-dependent core histone of the H2A family that assembles into the nucleosome as part of an H2A-H2B dimer; two such dimers lie on each face of the (H3)2(H4)2 tetramer to complete the octamer that wraps DNA into the chromatin fiber (PMID:7422003, PMID:7407044). H2A.2 is a distinct primary-sequence variant rather than a modified form of H2A.1, carrying variant-specific antigenic determinants and a critical methionine that immunologically distinguish it (PMID:562183); its unique determinants are buried within the nucleosome core, indicating a distinct organizational position relative to H2A.1 (PMID:7240246). Functionally, the two variants are non-equivalent: H2A.2 turns over more slowly than H2A.1, deposits onto bulk (old) DNA rather than selectively onto newly replicated DNA, and preferentially associates with less compacted, gene-containing interband chromatin (PMID:6593094, PMID:3935167, PMID:2425354). The C-terminal histidine residues of H2A.2 are the principal nucleophilic targets for adduct formation by the carcinogen BPDE (PMID:3125994). High-level transcription depends on a coding-region activating sequence (CRAS) bound by a factor shared with other replication-dependent histone genes (PMID:2038312), and the gene's promoter CpG island is subject to dynamic DNA methylation that modulates variant-specific expression across proliferative, embryonic, and hepatocellular carcinoma states (PMID:28163185). Although replication-dependent, H2AC18 pre-mRNA can be processed by two mutually exclusive routes—the histone stem-loop machinery or the canonical polyadenylation machinery—because the polyadenylation signal overlaps the histone downstream element; polyadenylated expression occurs as part of a terminal differentiation program (PMID:27402160, PMID:36447390).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1980 High

    Established the structural context in which H2A functions, showing how H2A-H2B dimers assemble onto the (H3)2(H4)2 tetramer to build the nucleosome and organize DNA.

    Evidence EM image reconstruction to 22 Å plus cross-linking of the histone octamer; gel-exclusion chromatography of isolated octamers monitored by CD

    PMID:7397178 PMID:7422003

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not resolve variant-specific positioning of H2A.2 within the octamer
    • In vitro dissociation behavior not linked to a specific H2A variant
  2. 1980 High

    Defined H2A as a family of distinct protein species present together in core particles, framing the question of what distinguishes individual variants such as H2A.2.

    Evidence Multiple orthogonal gel systems on nucleosomal core particles from mouse L1210 cells

    PMID:7407044

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not assign function to individual variants
    • Ubiquitin-conjugation fraction not mapped to specific variants
  3. 1977 Medium

    Demonstrated that H2A.2 is a genuine primary-sequence variant of H2A.1, not a post-synthetically modified form, with a unique methionine producing an antigenic difference.

    Evidence Biochemical purification, amino acid analysis, and immunological characterization with variant-specific antibodies

    PMID:562183

    Open questions at the time
    • Antibody cross-reactivity limits absolute specificity
    • Functional consequence of the sequence difference not addressed
  4. 1981 Medium

    Showed that H2A.2 occupies a distinct organizational position in chromatin, its unique determinants buried within the nucleosome core unlike those of H2A.1.

    Evidence Reciprocal radioimmunoassay using chromatin and nucleosome subfractions with variant-specific antibodies

    PMID:7240246

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of differential burial not defined
    • No direct structural assignment of H2A.2 placement
  5. 1984 Medium

    Revealed that H2A.2 has replication-independent turnover with kinetics distinct from H2A.1, more pronounced in differentiating cells, linking the variant to chromatin dynamics beyond S phase.

    Evidence Metabolic pulse-chase labeling with a DNA synthesis inhibitor in murine erythroleukemia cells

    PMID:6593094

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of replication-independent deposition not identified
    • Single cell system
  6. 1985 Medium

    Showed that G1-synthesized H2A.2 deposits onto pre-existing (old) DNA rather than newly replicated DNA, distinguishing its deposition behavior from H3 and H4.

    Evidence Cell synchronization, radiolabeling, and chromatin fractionation separating new and old DNA

    PMID:3935167

    Open questions at the time
    • Chaperone/deposition machinery for H2A.2 not identified
    • Functional consequence of old-DNA deposition unresolved
  7. 1986 Medium

    Linked H2A.2 to chromatin architecture by showing its preferential localization to less-compacted, gene-containing interband regions, unlike the ubiquitous H2A.1.

    Evidence Indirect immunofluorescence of Drosophila polytene chromosomes with variant-specific antibodies

    PMID:2425354

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal role in decompaction versus correlation not established
    • Drosophila context may not map directly to mammalian H2AC18
  8. 1988 Medium

    Identified the C-terminal histidine residues of H2A.2 as the nucleophilic targets of the carcinogen BPDE, implicating the variant in carcinogen-DNA/protein adduct chemistry.

    Evidence HPLC, V8/carboxypeptidase mapping of BPDE-labeled histones, and in vitro peptide reactions across species

    PMID:3125994

    Open questions at the time
    • Biological consequence of adduct formation not determined
    • Single lab
  9. 1991 Medium

    Defined a coding-region activating sequence (CRAS) required for high-level H2a.2 transcription and bound by a factor shared with other replication-dependent histone genes, identifying a common regulatory mechanism.

    Evidence In-frame coding deletion mutagenesis, stable transfection, and gel mobility-shift competition assays

    PMID:2038312

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the CRAS-binding factor not established
    • Mechanism of orientation-dependence unresolved
  10. 2003 High

    Tested the essentiality of major-H2A N-terminal acetylation, showing it is dispensable for viability and that the core, not the tail, dictates functional substitution for H2A.Z.

    Evidence Lysine mutagenesis, gene replacement, and tail-swap experiments in Tetrahymena

    PMID:12665578

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not separate H2A.1 from H2A.2 contributions
    • Tetrahymena context
  11. 2016 Medium

    Showed that polyadenylated expression of this replication-dependent histone gene is a feature of the terminal differentiation program rather than mere cell-cycle arrest.

    Evidence RNA-seq and RT-PCR in differentiated versus serum-starved fibroblasts with cross-mammalian conservation analysis

    PMID:27402160

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role of the polyadenylated isoform not defined
    • Trans-factors driving the switch unidentified
  12. 2017 Medium

    Demonstrated that promoter CpG-island DNA methylation dynamically regulates H2A.2 transcription across embryonic, adult, and hepatocellular carcinoma states.

    Evidence Dual-luciferase promoter reporters, DNMT/HDAC inhibitor treatment, and MeDIP-qPCR

    PMID:28163185

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal contribution to tumorigenesis not established
    • Methylation-sensitive transcription factors unidentified
  13. 2022 High

    Resolved how a single pre-mRNA can yield either histone-type or polyadenylated transcripts, showing the canonical PAS overlaps the histone downstream element so the two processing routes are mutually exclusive.

    Evidence In vitro processing assays with purified complexes, PAS mutagenesis, and complex-recruitment assays

    PMID:36447390

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo determinants of pathway choice not defined
    • Regulatory signals selecting between machineries unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How H2A.2's distinct deposition, turnover, and chromatin localization translate into a specific genomic function, and what selects its dual pre-mRNA processing fate in vivo, remain unresolved.
  • No deposition chaperone identified for H2AC18
  • Genome-wide occupancy of the variant in mammalian cells not mapped
  • In vivo trigger for polyadenylated versus stem-loop processing unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2 GO:0003677 DNA binding 1
Localization
GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome 3 GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 2 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 1
Partners
H2BH3H4
Complex memberships
nucleosome

Evidence

Reading pass · 17 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1980 The histone octamer (H3)2(H4)2(H2A)2(H2B)2 has a 2-fold axis of symmetry and forms a left-handed helical spool; the (H3)2(H4)2 tetramer forms the central turn while two H2A-H2B dimers lie on each face, each associated with approximately half a turn of DNA. Image reconstruction by electron microscopy to 22 Å resolution combined with cross-linking studies Nature High 7422003
1980 The nucleosomal core histone octamer dissociates asymmetrically: first releasing one H2A-H2B dimer to form a hexamer (H2A-H2B)-(H3)2-(H4)2, then releasing the second H2A-H2B dimer, leaving the (H3)2-(H4)2 tetramer. This dissociation is accelerated by increased temperature or decreased pH and is accompanied by conformational changes. Gel exclusion chromatography of isolated rat liver core histone octamer, monitored by histone composition and circular dichroism Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 7397178
1980 H2A exists as at least eight protein species including H2A.1, H2A.2, H2A.X, and H2A.Z; all four variants are present in nucleosomal core particles; approximately 11% of each variant is conjugated to ubiquitin; the molar sum of all H2A species equals that of H4, H2B, or H3 in chromatin. SDS-PAGE, acetic acid-urea gels, nonionic detergent gels, isolation of nucleosomal core particles from mouse L1210 cells Biochemistry High 7407044
1977 H2A.2 and H2A.1 differ in primary structure (not post-synthetic modification of the same parent protein); H2A.2 contains a methionine critical to an antigenic difference that immunologically distinguishes it from H2A.1; antibodies against H2A.2 cross-react with H2A.1 but show higher specificity for H2A.2 at higher dilutions. Biochemical purification, amino acid analysis, immunological characterization with antibodies raised against purified H2A.2 subfraction Biochemistry Medium 562183
1981 H2A.1 and H2A.2 have distinct organizational positions in chromatin: anti-H2A.1 IgG binds to intact chromatin and isolated nucleosomes, while anti-H2A.2 IgG does not bind, indicating that H2A.2-unique antigenic determinants are buried within the nucleosome core. H1-depleted, HMG-enriched nucleosomes react better with anti-H2A.1 than H1-containing nucleosomes. Radioimmunoassay using chromatin as immunoabsorbent and solid-phase binding of antibodies to nucleosome subfractions; antibodies directed against purified H2A.1 and H2A.2 variants The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 7240246
1984 H2A.1 and H2A.2 are synthesized and incorporated into chromatin at a significant rate even when DNA synthesis is inhibited, suggesting turnover of these histones independent of replication; H2A.1 has a higher turnover rate than H2A.2 in exponentially growing cells, a difference more pronounced in induced (differentiating) cells. Metabolic labeling with radioisotopes in murine erythroleukemia cells, pulse-chase analysis with DNA synthesis inhibitor, PAGE resolution of histone variants Biochemistry Medium 6593094
1985 H2A.2 synthesized in G1 phase is deposited onto chromatin (old DNA) rather than selectively onto newly replicated DNA, unlike H3 and H4 which deposit primarily on newly replicated DNA in S phase. H2A.2 deposits to a 2–4-fold lower extent in G1 compared to H1 and HMGs. Cell synchronization in G1 and S phase, radiolabeling, chromatin fractionation to separate new and old DNA, PAGE Biochemistry Medium 3935167
1986 In Drosophila polytene chromosomes, H2A.2 localizes specifically to interbands (less compacted chromatin regions) as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence, whereas H2A.1 distributes throughout all chromosome regions, suggesting H2A.2 contributes to less compacted chromatin structure associated with gene-containing regions. Indirect immunofluorescence of polytene chromosomes using antibodies specific to H2A.1 and H2A.2 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 2425354
1988 BPDE-I (benzo[a]pyrene diol-epoxide) binding to H2A.2 occurs primarily at the C-terminal octapeptide region; the C-terminal histidine residues present in rat and chicken H2A (including H2A.2) but absent in Xenopus H2A are the likely nucleophilic targets for BPDE-I adduct formation. HPLC analysis of BPDE-I-labeled core histones from nuclei, V8-protease digestion, carboxypeptidase B treatment of modified H2A.2, in vitro reaction of isolated C-terminal peptides with BPDE-I Carcinogenesis Medium 3125994
1991 A coding region activating sequence (CRAS) in the H2a.2 gene (codons 50–85) is required for high-level expression; this element is orientation-dependent and position-independent; the same nuclear proteins interact with CRAS elements from both H2a.2 and H3.2 genes, indicating a common transcriptional regulatory factor for replication-dependent histone genes. In-frame deletion mutagenesis of H2a.2 coding region, stable transfection, gel mobility shift competition assays Molecular and cellular biology Medium 2038312
1994 H2A.1 and H2A.2 variants in rat spermatids undergo post-translational modification between steps 3 and 7 of spermiogenesis, as demonstrated by PAGE analysis showing altered electrophoretic mobility of both H2A variants at those stages. Vitamin A-synchronized rat testes, centrifugal elutriation to obtain spermatids at specific steps 1-12, PAGE analysis of basic nucleoproteins Biology of reproduction Low 7948489
1994 H2A.2 is not ADP-ribosylated under normal conditions in sea urchin embryo nuclei at any developmental stage examined, but dimethylsulfate treatment induces poly-ADP-ribosylation of H2A.2 in embryos, indicating that ADP-ribosylation of H2A.2 is tightly regulated and suppressed during early development. 2D-PAGE autoradiography of [32P]NAD+-labeled nuclei from sea urchin embryos, with and without dimethylsulfate treatment Development, growth & differentiation Low 37280829
2003 Acetylation of the N-terminal tail of major H2A (H2A.1/H2A.2) in Tetrahymena is not essential for viability; however, the nonacetylatable N-terminal tail of major H2A can substitute for the essential acetylation function of the H2A.Z N-terminal tail, with the effects on viability determined by properties of the H2A core rather than the tail. In vitro mutagenesis of lysine residues + gene replacement in Tetrahymena thermophila, tail-swapping experiments between H2A.1/H2A.2 and H2A.Z Molecular and cellular biology High 12665578
2016 HIST2H2AA3 (H2AC18) mRNA is expressed as a polyadenylated mRNA in terminally differentiated fibroblasts but not in serum-starved fibroblasts, indicating that polyadenylated expression of this replication-dependent histone gene is part of the terminal differentiation program rather than a simple response to cell cycle arrest. RNA-seq and RT-PCR analysis of differentiated vs. serum-starved fibroblasts; conservation analysis across mammalian species Nucleic acids research Medium 27402160
2022 H2AC18 pre-mRNA can be processed by two mutually exclusive pathways: either by the replication-dependent histone machinery (producing non-polyadenylated mRNA ending at the stem-loop) or by the canonical polyadenylation machinery (producing polyadenylated mRNA). This dual processing capability arises because the canonical polyadenylation signal (AAUAAA) overlaps with the histone downstream element (HDE); disruption of the PAS sequence prevents recruitment of the canonical complex without affecting histone machinery recruitment. In vitro pre-mRNA processing assays with purified complexes, PAS mutagenesis, RNA-binding complex recruitment assays Nucleic acids research High 36447390
2019 In S. cerevisiae, CAG/CTG repeat stability depends on H2A.1 but not H2A.2; H2A.1 promotes high-fidelity homologous recombination, sister chromatid recombination, and break-induced replication through its unique Thr126 residue; hta1-T126A mutants are epistatic to deletion of Pol32 (Polδ subunit), placing H2A.1-Thr126 in the D-loop extension step of recombination. H2A.2 does not share these repair functions. Genetic analysis of CAG repeat stability in H2A copy mutants, epistasis analysis with pol32Δ, site-directed mutagenesis (T126A), sister chromatid recombination assays eLife Medium 31804179
2017 The H2A.2 (HIST2H2AA3) gene has a CpG island near its transcription start site; treatment with DNMT inhibitors increases H2A.2 expression while HDAC inhibitors also increase expression; methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation shows hyper-methylation of the H2A.2 promoter in embryonic and HCC tissue compared to control adult liver, indicating that DNA methylation dynamically regulates H2A.2 transcription across pathophysiological states. Transient transfection with dual luciferase reporter for cloned promoter sequences, DNMT/HDAC inhibitor treatment, methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) coupled with qPCR, in silico CpG analysis The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology Medium 28163185

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 57 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1980 A low resolution structure for the histone core of the nucleosome. Nature 259 7422003
1980 Histone 2A, a heteromorphous family of eight protein species. Biochemistry 246 7407044
1990 A novel B-cell lineage-specific transcription factor present at early but not late stages of differentiation. Genes & development 213 2116362
1993 NF-HB (BSAP) is a repressor of the murine immunoglobulin heavy-chain 3' alpha enhancer at early stages of B-cell differentiation. Molecular and cellular biology 127 8497273
1987 Changes in histones H2A and H3 variant composition in differentiating and mature rat brain cortical neurons. Developmental biology 116 3622934
1984 Regulation of nucleosomal core histone variant levels in differentiating murine erythroleukemia cells. Biochemistry 71 6593094
1999 Histone variants of H2A and H3 families are regulated during in vitro aging in the same manner as during differentiation. Experimental gerontology 66 10579635
1985 Histone synthesis and deposition in the G1 and S phases of hepatoma tissue culture cells. Biochemistry 65 3935167
2016 A subset of replication-dependent histone mRNAs are expressed as polyadenylated RNAs in terminally differentiated tissues. Nucleic acids research 60 27402160
1994 The transcription factor BSAP (NF-HB) is essential for immunoglobulin germ-line epsilon transcription. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 56 8144891
1977 Studies of human histone messenger RNA. II. The resolution of fractions containing individual human histone messenger RNA species. The Journal of biological chemistry 50 833117
1977 Biochemical and immunological characterization of two distinct variants of histone H2A in Friend leukemia. Biochemistry 48 562183
1989 Developmental and tissue-specific regulation of a novel transcription factor of the sea urchin. Genes & development 43 2744459
1975 A model for chromatin structure. Nucleic acids research 43 1101222
2021 Single-cell RNA-sequencing atlas of bovine caudal intervertebral discs: Discovery of heterogeneous cell populations with distinct roles in homeostasis. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 42 34591994
1995 Changes in core histone variant composition in differentiating neurons: the roles of differential turnover and synthesis rates. European journal of cell biology 42 8603674
2012 Exposure to bleomycin, etoposide, and cis-platinum alters rat sperm chromatin integrity and sperm head protein profile. Biology of reproduction 39 22402960
1996 Characterization of the 55-kb mouse histone gene cluster on chromosome 3. Genome research 37 8858345
1991 Polyadenylated and 3' processed mRNAs are transcribed from the mouse histone H2A.X gene. Nucleic acids research 36 2041781
2002 Identification and confirmation of a module of coexpressed genes. Genome research 35 12368243
1994 Separation of specific stages of spermatids from vitamin A-synchronized rat testes for assessment of nucleoprotein changes during spermiogenesis. Biology of reproduction 35 7948489
2003 The nonessential H2A N-terminal tail can function as an essential charge patch on the H2A.Z variant N-terminal tail. Molecular and cellular biology 31 12665578
1991 A common transcriptional activator is located in the coding region of two replication-dependent mouse histone genes. Molecular and cellular biology 29 2038312
1986 Characterization of two nonallelic pairs of late histone H2A and H2B genes of the sea urchin: differential regulation in the embryo and tissue-specific expression in the adult. Molecular and cellular biology 29 3025611
2006 Histone proteins determined in a human colon cancer by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. A 24 16887128
1984 Histone complements of human tissues, carcinomas, and carcinoma-derived cell lines. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 24 6542967
2010 Housekeeping gene transcript abundance in bovine fertilized and cloned embryos. Cellular reprogramming 22 20973679
2011 Overexpression of histone variant H2A.1 and cellular transformation are related in N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced sequential hepatocarcinogenesis. Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 21 21239733
1996 Identification of a second conserved element within the coding sequence of a mouse H3 histone gene that interacts with nuclear factors and is necessary for normal expression. Nucleic acids research 19 8602367
2014 New proteomic insights on the role of NPR-A in regulating self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Stem cell reviews and reports 15 24798243
2011 Efficient organic monoliths prepared by γ-radiation induced polymerization in the evaluation of histone deacetylase inhibitors by capillary(nano)-high performance liquid chromatography and ion trap mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. A 15 21561626
1986 Drosophila histone H2A.2 is associated with the interbands of polytene chromosomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 15 2425354
1977 Immunological cross-reaction between calf and Drosophila histones. The Journal of biological chemistry 15 856814
2021 A Circulating Exosome RNA Signature Is a Potential Diagnostic Marker for Pancreatic Cancer, a Systematic Study. Cancers 14 34073722
2014 Expression of histone variant, H2A.1 is associated with the undifferentiated state of hepatocyte. Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 13 24764240
1991 Influence of chlorambucil, a bifunctional alkylating agent, on the histone variant biosynthesis of HEp-2 cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta 13 2049400
2019 Distinct roles for S. cerevisiae H2A copies in recombination and repeat stability, with a role for H2A.1 threonine 126. eLife 11 31804179
1994 The relative expression of human histone H2A genes is similar in different types of proliferating cells. DNA and cell biology 11 8179821
1981 Immunological and organizational heterogeneity of histone H2a variants within chromatin of cells at different stages of Friend leukemia. The Journal of biological chemistry 11 7240246
2003 Alterations in the expression and modification of histones in the liver after injury. Experimental and molecular pathology 10 14611817
1989 Chromatin reorganization during emergence of malignant Friend tumors: early changes in H2A and H2B variants and nucleosome repeat length. Experimental cell research 10 2909389
1993 A biochemical marker for differentiation is present in an in vitro aging cell system. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 6 8250883
1988 The effects of in vitro age and culture state on histone variant synthesis in human diploid fibroblasts. Journal of cellular physiology 6 3397394
2017 Genomic characterization and dynamic methylation of promoter facilitates transcriptional regulation of H2A variants, H2A.1 and H2A.2 in various pathophysiological states of hepatocyte. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 5 28163185
1988 Comparison of benzo[a]pyrene-diol-epoxide binding to histone H2A with different carboxy-terminal regions. Carcinogenesis 5 3125994
1980 Nucleosome core protein: asymmetric dissociation of the octamer. Biochimica et biophysica acta 5 7397178
2023 MOBILE pipeline enables identification of context-specific networks and regulatory mechanisms. Nature communications 4 37414767
2022 Human histone pre-mRNA assembles histone or canonical mRNA-processing complexes by overlapping 3'-end sequence elements. Nucleic acids research 4 36447390
1994 Distribution of globin genes and histone variants in micrococcal nuclease-generated subfractions of chromatin from Friend erythroleukemia cells at different malignant states. Journal of cellular biochemistry 4 8126082
2019 Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Idiopathic Short Stature and First-Year Response to Growth Hormone Treatment. Hormone research in paediatrics 3 30970347
2016 Incorporation of a tag helps to overcome expression variability in a recombinant host. Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 3 28352541
1981 Histone variant composition of normal and leukaemic human lymphocytes: analysis by gel electrophoresis of whole cells and nuclei. British journal of haematology 3 6975117
2026 Proteomic profiles in inclusion body myositis and polymyositis with mitochondrial pathology. Acta neuropathologica communications 1 41639907
1994 ADP-Ribosylation of Histones in Nuclei Isolated from Embryos of the Sea Urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus: (histone/ADP-ribosylation/sea urchin/development/nucleus). Development, growth & differentiation 1 37280829
2025 Histone-, Receptor-, and Integrin-Related Gene Products and ADAM28 as Relevant to B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL). Current issues in molecular biology 0 41020821
2025 Cellular Senescence of Patient-derived Fibroblasts Reveals the Mid-old Stage as a Critical Window for Transcriptomic Signatures Linked to Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers and Classification. Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology 0 42036745
1994 Physical mapping of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe histone genes. Current genetics 0 7874752

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