Affinage

GUCY2F

Retinal guanylyl cyclase 2 · UniProt P51841

Length
1108 aa
Mass
124.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
49 papers in source corpus 20 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

GUCY2F (RetGC-2/GC-F/ROS-GC2) is a photoreceptor-specific membrane guanylyl cyclase that synthesizes cGMP to restore the dark current during phototransduction recovery. The enzyme is constitutively bound via its kinase homology domain (KHD) by the Ca²⁺-sensing proteins GCAP-1 and GCAP-2, which activate cyclase activity at low Ca²⁺ concentrations following light stimulation and inhibit it at the high Ca²⁺ levels of dark-adapted photoreceptors (PMID:7777544, PMID:9698373, PMID:10581151). GUCY2F is also stimulated by bicarbonate through a GCAP-independent mechanism, is inhibited by RD3 which additionally facilitates its transport to outer segments, and together with GC-E (RetGC-1) is required for proper delivery of rod phototransduction proteins such as PDE6 to outer segments (PMID:25767116, PMID:29515371, PMID:17949773). Loss of GUCY2F in zebrafish causes outer segment shortening and reduced visual function, and combined loss with GC-E eliminates photoreceptor cGMP synthesis, establishing that the two retinal guanylyl cyclases have partially overlapping but non-redundant roles in photoreceptor maintenance (PMID:22378290, PMID:10407028).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1995 High

    Identification of GUCY2F as a second retinal membrane guanylyl cyclase resolved whether photoreceptors possess a single or multiple cGMP-synthesizing enzymes and established that GUCY2F is Ca²⁺-regulated via GCAP-2.

    Evidence cDNA cloning from human and rat retinal libraries, recombinant expression in HEK293/COS cells with direct cyclase activity assays

    PMID:7559656 PMID:7777544 PMID:7831337

    Open questions at the time
    • Endogenous extracellular ligand status unresolved (classified as orphan receptor)
    • Relative contribution of GUCY2F versus GC-E to total retinal cGMP production unknown
    • Regulation by GCAP-1 not yet tested for GUCY2F
  2. 1996 Medium

    Chromosomal mapping of GUCY2F to human Xq22 established its X-linked inheritance pattern and enabled future linkage studies for retinal disease.

    Evidence FISH and mouse interspecific backcross analysis

    PMID:8838319

    Open questions at the time
    • No disease-causing mutations identified at this locus
    • Regulatory elements and tissue-specific promoter not characterized
  3. 1998 High

    Domain-mapping of the GCAP-2/RetGC-2 interaction established that the kinase homology domain determines the high-affinity, cooperative binding of GCAP-2 and distinguishes GUCY2F regulation from that of RetGC-1.

    Evidence RetGC-1/RetGC-2 chimeric proteins, trypsin protection assays, cyclase activity assays

    PMID:9439621 PMID:9698373

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of cooperativity unknown
    • Whether KHD autophosphorylation occurs on GUCY2F (as shown for GC-E) not tested
  4. 1999 High

    Systematic mutagenesis of GCAP-2 identified three functional regions essential for RetGC-2 regulation, and constitutive GCAP binding was shown to mediate both Ca²⁺-dependent inhibition and Ca²⁺-free activation, establishing the bidirectional Ca²⁺ switch model.

    Evidence GCAP-2/neurocalcin/recoverin chimeras tested against recombinant RetGC-2 in HEK293 cells; neurocalcin shown to be ROS-GC2-nonresponsive

    PMID:10196158 PMID:10504230 PMID:10581151

    Open questions at the time
    • Full-length structural model of GCAP-2 bound to RetGC-2 not available
    • Whether GCAP-1 engages the same or overlapping RetGC-2 surfaces not defined
  5. 1999 High

    GC-E knockout mice revealed that GC-F alone cannot sustain cone survival, while GC-F expression was unaffected, demonstrating functional non-redundancy between the two cyclases in cones and establishing differential expression in pineal gland versus retina.

    Evidence Gucy2e knockout mice with ERG, retinal histology; immunohistochemistry of pinealocytes

    PMID:10407028 PMID:10821676

    Open questions at the time
    • Rod-specific phenotype of GC-F loss alone not yet characterized in mouse
    • Mechanism of cone-selective dependence on GC-E unknown
  6. 2007 High

    Double knockout of both retinal guanylyl cyclases showed that GC-E and GC-F together are required for vesicular co-transport of rod PDE6 to outer segments, revealing a structural/trafficking role beyond cGMP catalysis.

    Evidence Gucy2e/Gucy2f double knockout mice with immunofluorescence localization of phototransduction proteins

    PMID:17949773

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether GUCY2F directly participates in vesicle formation or acts via cGMP signaling on transport machinery is unresolved
    • Single Gucy2f knockout transport phenotype was minimal, so GC-F's independent contribution to trafficking remains unclear
  7. 2009 High

    Autophosphorylation of the KHD was demonstrated for GC-E, establishing that a functional KHD is essential for cyclase catalytic activity — a principle likely extending to the homologous GUCY2F KHD.

    Evidence Mass spectrometry phosphosite mapping and KHD mutagenesis of GC-E with cyclase assays

    PMID:19901021

    Open questions at the time
    • Autophosphorylation has not been directly demonstrated for GUCY2F itself
    • Whether KHD phosphorylation status modulates GCAP binding affinity on GUCY2F is untested
  8. 2012 Medium

    GUCY2F knockdown in zebrafish established that the gene is required for photoreceptor outer segment integrity and visual function in vivo, extending its role from biochemistry to an organismal visual phenotype.

    Evidence Zebrafish morpholino knockdown with optomotor response and retinal histology

    PMID:22378290

    Open questions at the time
    • Morpholino off-target effects not fully excluded; stable genetic knockout not performed
    • Whether the phenotype reflects loss of cGMP synthesis, trafficking, or both is unclear
  9. 2015 High

    Discovery of GCAP-independent bicarbonate activation of GUCY2F revealed a second regulatory input that synergizes with Ca²⁺/GCAP signaling during phototransduction recovery.

    Evidence Recombinant ROS-GC2 cyclase assays with bicarbonate titration and photoreceptor electrophysiology

    PMID:25767116

    Open questions at the time
    • Bicarbonate binding site on GUCY2F not identified
    • Physiological relevance of bicarbonate regulation in intact photoreceptors at endogenous concentrations not fully quantified
  10. 2018 Medium

    RD3 was established as a direct inhibitor and trafficking cofactor of GC-F, linking GUCY2F regulation to the retinal degeneration pathway caused by RD3 mutations.

    Evidence Back-scattering interferometry for direct interaction, immunohistochemistry co-localization, cyclase activity assays in mouse retina

    PMID:29515371

    Open questions at the time
    • Binding interface between RD3 and GUCY2F not mapped
    • Whether RD3 inhibition and GCAP regulation are mutually exclusive or concurrent is unknown
  11. 2023 Medium

    Comparative genomics showed GUCY2F is dispensable in multiple vertebrate clades where GCAP expansion compensates, while Gucy2f-/- mice were used as tools for GC-E gene therapy optimization, confirming partial functional redundancy between the two cyclases.

    Evidence Phylogenetic analysis across vertebrates; Gucy2f knockout mice with AAV-CRISPR gene therapy and ERG

    PMID:37007786 PMID:37361352

    Open questions at the time
    • Evolutionary analysis is computational and lacks biochemical validation of GCAP compensation
    • Detailed electrophysiological characterization of Gucy2f single-knockout mouse rods and cones is incomplete

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The high-resolution structure of GUCY2F, the precise mechanism by which it contributes to outer segment protein trafficking, the identity of any extracellular ligand, and whether GUCY2F mutations cause human retinal disease remain unresolved.
  • No atomic-resolution structure of GUCY2F or its complex with GCAPs
  • No human Mendelian disease definitively linked to GUCY2F mutations
  • Extracellular domain function remains entirely unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0009975 cyclase activity 5
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2
Pathway
R-HSA-9709957 Sensory Perception 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3
Partners
GUCA1AGUCA1BRD3

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1995 RetGC-2 (GC-F/GUCY2F) was cloned from human retinal cDNA and shown to encode a membrane guanylyl cyclase expressed specifically in photoreceptor cells; recombinant RetGC-2 expressed in HEK293 cells displays guanylyl cyclase activity that is stimulated by the Ca2+-binding activator p24 (GCAP-2) and inhibited by Ca2+ with an EC50 of 50-100 nM. cDNA cloning, in situ hybridization, recombinant expression in HEK293 cells, in vitro guanylyl cyclase activity assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 7777544
1995 GC-F (GUCY2F) was isolated from a rat eye cDNA library and shown to encode a membrane guanylyl cyclase with an extracellular domain, single transmembrane domain, kinase-like domain, and catalytic cyclase domain; overexpression in COS cells conferred guanylyl cyclase activity, but known extracellular ligands for other GC receptors did not stimulate it, classifying it as an orphan receptor. cDNA cloning, COS cell overexpression, guanylyl cyclase activity assay, peptide ligand stimulation assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 7831337
1997 ROS-GC2 (the bovine ortholog of GUCY2F) was cloned from bovine retina, shown to be specifically expressed in retina, and demonstrated to be modulated in low Ca2+ by the calmodulin-like Ca2+-binding protein GCAP-2; it also contains a unique five-amino-acid signature at its C-terminus. cDNA cloning, retinal expression analysis, in vitro reconstitution with GCAP-2, guanylyl cyclase activity assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 9175772
1998 The kinase homology domain (KHD) of RetGC-2 specifies the affinity and cooperativity of interaction with GCAP-2: RetGC-2 interacts cooperatively and with high affinity with GCAP-2, in contrast to RetGC-1 which interacts noncooperatively with low affinity; this was mapped using RetGC-1/RetGC-2 chimeras and a trypsin protection assay showing GCAP-2 binds constitutively to the KHD. Trypsin/protease protection assay, RetGC-1/RetGC-2 chimeric protein analysis, guanylyl cyclase activity assay Biochemistry High 9698373
1998 CD-GCAP activates ROS-GC2 (GUCY2F ortholog), but with approximately 10-fold weaker activation than ROS-GC1; the CD-GCAP-regulated signaling switch on ROS-GC1 was mapped to amino acid segment 736-1053 through deletion mutants, hybrid constructs, and heterologous cyclase reconstruction. Recombinant protein expression, deletion mutagenesis, chimeric cyclase construction, in vitro guanylyl cyclase activity assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 9439621
1995 GCAP-2 (p24) activates both RetGC-1 and RetGC-2 (GUCY2F) in a Ca2+-sensitive manner in vitro; Ca2+ inhibits activation with an EC50 near 200 nM and Hill coefficient of 1.7; recombinant GCAP-2 expressed in HEK293 cells effectively stimulates photoreceptor guanylyl cyclase. Protein purification, in vitro guanylyl cyclase activity assay, recombinant expression in HEK293 cells, antibody inhibition The Journal of biological chemistry High 7559656
1999 GCAPs bind constitutively to an intracellular domain of RetGC-2 (GUCY2F); in the absence of Ca2+, GCAP stimulates cyclase activity, and in the presence of Ca2+, it inhibits cyclase activity; proper RetGC and GCAP functioning is necessary for photoreceptor viability. Biochemical binding assays, in vitro guanylyl cyclase activity assay, genetic evidence from disease mutations Methods (San Diego, Calif.) High 10581151
1999 GCAP-2 functional domain mapping demonstrated that substituting specific domains of GCAP-2 with corresponding fragments from non-RetGC-regulating proteins (neurocalcin, recoverin) abolishes its ability to regulate RetGC-2 (GUCY2F) expressed in HEK293 cells; three regions are essential: residues 78-113 (determines Ca2+ activation vs. inhibition polarity), residues 29-48 (EF-1 motif, required for both activation and inhibition), and residues 171-189 (contributes to activation). GCAP-2 deletion mutants, chimeric protein construction, in vitro guanylyl cyclase activity assay with recombinant RetGC-1 and RetGC-2 in HEK293 cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 10196158
1999 Neurocalcin, a Ca2+-binding protein structurally related to GCAPs, stimulates ROS-GC1 in a Ca2+-dependent manner (EC50 ~20 µM) but does not influence the activity of ROS-GC2 (GUCY2F ortholog), demonstrating substrate specificity between the two retinal cyclases for this regulator. Recombinant protein expression, in vitro guanylyl cyclase activity assay, domain mapping with deletion mutants Biochemistry Medium 10504230
1999 ROS-GC2 (GUCY2F) was not detected in the pineal gland (unlike ROS-GC1), establishing that the two retinal cyclases have distinct expression patterns beyond the retina; the alpha2D/A-adrenergic receptor-linked signaling system in pinealocytes uses exclusively ROS-GC1 and not ROS-GC2. Immunohistochemistry, molecular cloning, immunoblotting, biochemical fractionation Biochemistry Medium 10821676
1999 Disruption of GC-E (RetGC1/GUCY2D) gene in mice left GC-F (GUCY2F) expression unchanged, demonstrating that GC-F is expressed independently; however, cones progressively disappeared by 5 weeks, establishing that GC-E (not GC-F) is essential for cone photoreceptor survival. Gene knockout mouse, electroretinography, retinal histology, immunoblotting The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience High 10407028
2007 Double knockout of Gucy2e and Gucy2f (GC1/GC2) prevented transport of rod PDE6 to rod outer segments, while single Gucy2f knockout alone did not prevent transport of transducin, GRK1, or rhodopsin to rod outer segments; this established that GC-bearing membranes co-transport peripheral membrane proteins in vesicles and that GC1 and GC2 have overlapping roles in rod outer segment protein transport. Gucy2e/Gucy2f double knockout mice, immunofluorescence, subcellular protein localization assays Vision research High 17949773
2009 GC1 (GC-E) undergoes autophosphorylation at residues Ser-530, Ser-532, Ser-533, and Ser-538 within the kinase homology domain in vivo (light- and signal transduction-independent); mutations in the putative Mg2+ binding site of the KH domain abolished phosphorylation and dramatically reduced GC activity, demonstrating that a functional KH domain is essential for cGMP production. Autophosphorylation itself does not regulate GC1 activity. Mass spectrometry phosphorylation mapping, site-directed mutagenesis of KH domain, in vitro guanylyl cyclase activity assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 19901021
2015 ROS-GC2 (GUCY2F ortholog) is activated by bicarbonate in a Ca2+- and GCAP-independent manner (ED50 ~39 mM), with bicarbonate stimulation being more powerful in the presence of GCAP1 or GCAP2 at low Ca2+; this reveals a novel regulatory input to the ROS-GC system beyond Ca2+/GCAP signaling. Recombinant protein guanylyl cyclase activity assay, photoreceptor electrophysiology (circulating current and flash response measurements) The Journal of biological chemistry High 25767116
2018 RD3 (retinal degeneration protein 3) inhibits both GC-E and GC-F (GUCY2F) and is involved in their transport from inner to outer segments; additionally, RD3 directly interacts with guanylate kinase (demonstrated by back-scattering interferometry) and co-localizes with guanylate kinase in photoreceptor inner segments, revealing a role in the nucleotide cycle. Back-scattering interferometry (direct interaction assay), immunohistochemistry, guanylyl cyclase activity assay, mouse retina sections Frontiers in molecular neuroscience Medium 29515371
2012 Gucy2f knockdown in zebrafish using morpholino oligonucleotides (blocking translation or splicing) resulted in significantly reduced visual function (optomotor response) and histological changes including loss and shortening of cone and rod outer segments, establishing GUCY2F as required for photoreceptor outer segment integrity and visual function in vivo. Zebrafish morpholino knockdown, optomotor assay, retinal histology European journal of human genetics : EJHG Medium 22378290
2009 Overexpression of gucy2F throughout the zebrafish nervous system via Gal4-UAS system caused multiple defects including loss of forebrain neurons, demonstrating that proper control of cGMP production by GUCY2F is important for neuronal survival. Zebrafish gain-of-function screen using MMLV insertion with Gal4-UAS overexpression system, histological analysis of forebrain neurons Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG Medium 19221799
1996 The GC-F gene (Gucy2f) was mapped to the X chromosome in mice (chromosome X) and the human homolog was localized to Xq22 by fluorescence in situ hybridization; genomic organization analysis showed conservation of exon-intron boundaries with other guanylyl cyclase genes. Mouse interspecific backcross analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), genomic library screening Genomics Medium 8838319
2023 Evolutionary analysis across vertebrates showed that GC-F (GUCY2F) is absent in several clades (reptiles, birds, marsupials); in species lacking GC-F, visual function is compensated by an increased number of GCAPs, while in nocturnal/visually impaired species, GC-F loss is paralleled by GCAP inactivation, indicating GC-E and GC-F together regulate phototransduction cGMP synthesis with partially compensatory roles. Comparative genomics, phylogenetic analysis across vertebrate species Frontiers in molecular neuroscience Low 37007786
2023 In an AAV-CRISPR 'ablate and replace' study, Gucy2f-/- mice served as a model where loss of GC-F alone allowed testing of GUCY2D (GC-E/RetGC1) rescue vectors; Gucy2e+/-:Gucy2f-/- mice were used to optimize vector doses for CORD6 therapy, confirming that GC-F contributes to but is not solely required for photoreceptor function when GC-E is partially present. Gucy2f knockout mice, AAV-CRISPR-Cas9 delivery, electroretinography, retinal structure analysis Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development Medium 37361352

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 49 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2016 Molecular Physiology of Membrane Guanylyl Cyclase Receptors. Physiological reviews 287 27030537
1995 Cloning, sequencing, and expression of a 24-kDa Ca(2+)-binding protein activating photoreceptor guanylyl cyclase. The Journal of biological chemistry 271 7559656
1995 Cloning and expression of a second photoreceptor-specific membrane retina guanylyl cyclase (RetGC), RetGC-2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 229 7777544
1995 Two membrane forms of guanylyl cyclase found in the eye. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 215 7831337
2011 Guanylyl cyclase structure, function and regulation. Cellular signalling 202 21914472
2003 Structure, regulation, and function of mammalian membrane guanylyl cyclase receptors, with a focus on guanylyl cyclase-A. Circulation research 200 14563709
1999 Disruption of a retinal guanylyl cyclase gene leads to cone-specific dystrophy and paradoxical rod behavior. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 159 10407028
2010 Regulation and therapeutic targeting of peptide-activated receptor guanylyl cyclases. Pharmacology & therapeutics 98 21185863
2007 A model for transport of membrane-associated phototransduction polypeptides in rod and cone photoreceptor inner segments. Vision research 69 17949773
2006 Somatic mutations of GUCY2F, EPHA3, and NTRK3 in human cancers. Human mutation 63 16941478
1999 Regulation of photoreceptor membrane guanylyl cyclases by guanylyl cyclase activator proteins. Methods (San Diego, Calif.) 63 10581151
1998 The kinase homology domain of retinal guanylyl cyclases 1 and 2 specifies the affinity and cooperativity of interaction with guanylyl cyclase activating protein-2. Biochemistry 60 9698373
2009 Guanylate cyclases and associated activator proteins in retinal disease. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 57 19941038
2009 Function and dysfunction of mammalian membrane guanylyl cyclase receptors: lessons from genetic mouse models and implications for human diseases. Handbook of experimental pharmacology 55 19089325
2002 Photoreceptor specific guanylate cyclases in vertebrate phototransduction. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 54 11952100
2000 Rod outer segment membrane guanylate cyclase type 1-linked stimulatory and inhibitory calcium signaling systems in the pineal gland: biochemical, molecular, and immunohistochemical evidence. Biochemistry 50 10821676
1997 Structural and functional characterization of a second subfamily member of the calcium-modulated bovine rod outer segment membrane guanylate cyclase, ROS-GC2. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 48 9175772
1996 Chromosomal localization and genomic organization of genes encoding guanylyl cyclase receptors expressed in olfactory sensory neurons and retina. Genomics 47 8838319
2017 Early-Life Benzo[a]Pyrene Exposure Causes Neurodegenerative Syndromes in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the Mechanism Involved. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 45 28329817
2005 Domain analysis of human transmembrane guanylyl cyclase receptors: implications for regulation. Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library 45 15769619
1999 Mapping functional domains of the guanylate cyclase regulator protein, GCAP-2. The Journal of biological chemistry 44 10196158
2002 Transcriptional regulation of the cystathionine-beta -synthase gene in Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome megakaryocytic leukemia cell lines. Blood 41 12393509
1999 A second calcium regulator of rod outer segment membrane guanylate cyclase, ROS-GC1: neurocalcin. Biochemistry 41 10504230
2018 Inferring Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes with a Protein-Protein Interaction Network and Network Diffusion Algorithms. Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development 27 30069494
2012 Gucy2f zebrafish knockdown--a model for Gucy2d-related leber congenital amaurosis. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 25 22378290
1999 Expression of membrane-bound and cytosolic guanylyl cyclases in the rat inner ear. Hearing research 25 9925020
1979 Evolutionary conservation of equine gc alleles and of Mammalian gc/albumin linkage. Genetics 25 17248956
1998 Differential activation of rod outer segment membrane guanylate cyclases, ROS-GC1 and ROS-GC2, by CD-GCAP and identification of the signaling domain. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 24 9439621
2009 A functional kinase homology domain is essential for the activity of photoreceptor guanylate cyclase 1. The Journal of biological chemistry 22 19901021
2013 Xq22.3-q23 deletion including ACSL4 in a patient with intellectual disability. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 20 23520119
2023 Structure, function, and evolution of the Orthobunyavirus membrane fusion glycoprotein. Cell reports 18 36827185
2015 Bicarbonate Modulates Photoreceptor Guanylate Cyclase (ROS-GC) Catalytic Activity. The Journal of biological chemistry 17 25767116
2018 Control of the Nucleotide Cycle in Photoreceptor Cell Extracts by Retinal Degeneration Protein 3. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 15 29515371
2006 Absence of tyrosine kinase mutations in Japanese colorectal cancer patients. Oncogene 14 17016444
2009 A gain-of-function screen in zebrafish identifies a guanylate cyclase with a role in neuronal degeneration. Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG 13 19221799
1998 Rod outer segment membrane guanylate cyclase type 1 (ROS-GC1) gene: structure, organization and regulation by phorbol ester, a protein kinase C activator. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 13 9879655
2011 Hematopoietic recovery kinetics predicts for poor CD34+ cell mobilization after cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. American journal of hematology 11 21959988
2015 Detection of Selection Signatures on the X Chromosome in Three Sheep Breeds. International journal of molecular sciences 10 26343642
2021 Evolution of the membrane/particulate guanylyl cyclase: From physicochemical sensors to hormone receptors. General and comparative endocrinology 8 33957096
2023 Development of an AAV-CRISPR-Cas9-based treatment for dominant cone-rod dystrophy 6. Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development 5 37361352
2005 Application of functional genomic technologies in a mouse model of retinal degeneration. Genomics 4 15718098
2021 Determination of the key ccRCC-related molecules from monolayer network to three-layer network. Cancer genetics 3 33887693
2023 Evolution of visual guanylyl cyclases and their activating proteins with respect to clade and species-specific visual system adaptation. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 2 37008786
2022 Pulmonary Hypertension Associated Genetic Variants in Sarcoidosis Associated Pulmonary Hypertension. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2 36292254
1989 [Evaluation of unusual band patterns in immunochemophoresis]. Beitrage zur gerichtlichen Medizin 2 2818473
2016 Functional study of two biochemically unusual mutations in GUCY2D Leber congenital amaurosis expressed via adenoassociated virus vector in mouse retinas. Molecular vision 1 27881908
2003 Structure and Ca2+ regulation of frog photoreceptor guanylate cyclase, ROS-GC1. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 1 14674678
2026 Exome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies Rare Germline Susceptibility Variants in Early-Onset Breast Cancer Among Saudi Women. International journal of molecular sciences 0 41751868
2025 Membrane Guanylyl Cyclases as Potential Targets for Guanylin Action. Biochemistry. Biokhimiia 0 41067732