Affinage

GSS

Glutathione synthetase · UniProt P48637

Round 2 corrected
Length
474 aa
Mass
52.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
85 papers in source corpus 11 papers cited in narrative 11 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

Glutathione synthetase (GSS) catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of γ-glutamylcysteine and glycine in the final step of de novo glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, and its activity is rate-limiting for cellular redox homeostasis, ferroptosis resistance, and the γ-glutamyl cycle. GSS transcription is positively regulated by the CNC-bZIP factor Nrf1 (PMID:10601325) and by RRM2 (itself controlled via the HCG18/miR-30a-5p ceRNA axis) (PMID:40303288, PMID:41619824), and is suppressed by age-related DNA methylation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, contributing to impaired osteogenesis (PMID:41674552). Conditional germ-cell knockout in mice demonstrates that GSS-derived GSH is essential for male fertility, with loss triggering age-dependent testicular ferroptosis that is initially compensated by GPX4 upregulation but ultimately leads to lipid peroxidation, meiotic arrest, and acrosome defects (PMID:38114454). Loss-of-function mutations in humans—including splice-site and intragenic deletions—cause glutathione synthetase deficiency with 5-oxoprolinuria, hemolytic anemia, and severe congenital anomalies (PMID:14635114, PMID:39221916).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 8 steps
  1. 1995 High

    Establishing the genomic context of GSS: mapping to a single-copy gene at chromosome 20q11.2 set the stage for mutation analysis in glutathione synthetase deficiency.

    Evidence Somatic cell hybrid and in situ hybridization with a GSS cDNA probe

    PMID:8825653

    Open questions at the time
    • Promoter and regulatory elements of the GSS locus were not characterized
    • No disease-causing mutations had yet been mapped to this locus
  2. 1999 High

    Identifying the first transcriptional regulator of GSS: Nrf1 knockout fibroblasts showed reduced GSS expression, depleted GSH, and heightened oxidant sensitivity, establishing Nrf1 as a master upstream activator of the glutathione biosynthetic pathway.

    Evidence Nrf1-null mouse fibroblasts with gene expression analysis, GSH quantification, and oxidant challenge

    PMID:10601325

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Nrf1 binds the GSS promoter directly or acts through intermediary factors was not resolved
    • Contribution of Nrf2 versus Nrf1 to GSS regulation was not delineated
  3. 2003 Medium

    Defining splice-site mutations as a major disease mechanism: patients without coding-exon mutations were shown to harbor splice defects that ablated GSS protein and enzymatic activity, broadening the mutational spectrum of glutathione synthetase deficiency.

    Evidence RT-PCR, immunoblot, and enzyme activity assay in patient fibroblasts

    PMID:14635114

    Open questions at the time
    • Genotype–phenotype correlations across the full spectrum of GSS mutations were not established
    • No structural explanation for residual activity in partial-loss alleles
  4. 2022 Medium

    Placing GSS as a central node in ferroptosis resistance: multiple studies in cancer cells showed that pharmacological or genetic suppression of GSS collapses the GSH/GPX axis and induces ferroptosis, linking GSS activity directly to lipid peroxide detoxification.

    Evidence Multi-omic profiling (proteomics, metabolomics, sequencing) in NSCLC models treated with α-hederin; pathway analysis of GPX4–GSS/GSR–GGT axis

    PMID:33746607 PMID:35398749

    Open questions at the time
    • The GPX4–GSS/GSR complex interaction (PMID:33746607) relied on computational PPI analysis without direct biochemical validation
    • Whether GSS enzymatic activity or protein scaffolding drives the ferroptosis phenotype was not distinguished
  5. 2023 High

    Demonstrating an essential, non-redundant role of GSS in male germ cells: conditional Gss knockout in spermatocytes caused age-dependent ferroptosis, with early GPX4 compensation eventually failing, proving that GSS-derived GSH is indispensable for spermatogenesis and acrosome biogenesis.

    Evidence Conditional knockout (Stra8-Cre) in mice with fertility testing, lipid peroxidation assays, and rescue by exogenous GSH and ferrostatin-1

    PMID:38114454

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which GPX4 is initially upregulated to compensate for GSS loss is unknown
    • Whether somatic Sertoli-cell GSH contributes to paracrine germ-cell protection was not tested
  6. 2024 Medium

    Expanding the clinical genetics of severe GSS deficiency: compound heterozygous fetal cases with a novel intragenic deletion showed near-monoallelic expression due to NMD and confirmed 5-oxoproline accumulation as a prenatal biomarker of γ-glutamyl cycle disruption.

    Evidence Genome sequencing, RNA-seq on fetal brain, amniotic fluid metabolite measurement

    PMID:39221916

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural consequences of the p.Arg267Gln missense on enzyme stability or dimerization were not modeled
    • Only two siblings studied; broader genotype–phenotype correlations remain limited
  7. 2025 Medium

    Defining upstream regulatory axes that converge on GSS: RRM2 was identified as a direct positive regulator of GSS expression, itself modulated by the lncRNA HCG18/miR-30a-5p ceRNA circuit (in HCC) and by metformin-mediated suppression (in fibroblasts), positioning GSS as the effector node linking proliferative signaling to glutathione-dependent ferroptosis resistance.

    Evidence Luciferase reporter, RRM2 overexpression/knockdown, xenograft models, and in vivo rabbit ear fibrosis models

    PMID:40303288 PMID:41619824

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether RRM2 regulates GSS transcriptionally or post-transcriptionally was not fully resolved
    • Independence of the RRM2–GSS axis from Nrf1/Nrf2 signaling is untested
  8. 2025 Medium

    Linking epigenetic silencing of GSS to age-related bone loss: DNA methylation-mediated GSS suppression in aged BMSCs impaired osteoblast differentiation independently of cysteine availability, identifying GSS as an upstream metabolic lesion in osteoporosis.

    Evidence DNA methylation and expression analysis in aged BMSCs, cysteine supplementation controls, CXCR4-exosome GSH delivery rescue in vivo

    PMID:41674552

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific CpG sites mediating age-dependent GSS silencing were not mapped
    • Whether DNMT inhibitors can restore GSS expression and bone formation in vivo is untested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the structural basis of disease-causing GSS mutations, the relative contributions of Nrf1 versus Nrf2 versus RRM2 to tissue-specific GSS regulation, and whether GSS has non-catalytic roles (e.g. protein scaffolding) in ferroptosis signaling complexes.
  • No high-resolution structure of human GSS with bound substrates or disease-associated mutant forms
  • Tissue-specific transcriptional regulation hierarchy (Nrf1 vs Nrf2 vs RRM2) not systematically compared
  • Potential non-enzymatic functions of GSS protein remain unexplored

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016874 ligase activity 6
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 6 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 3 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 2
Partners
GPX4GSRNRF1RRM2

Evidence

Reading pass · 11 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1995 The human glutathione synthetase gene (GSS) was mapped to chromosome 20q11.2. Southern blot analysis with a GSS cDNA probe suggested a single GSS gene in the human genome, and somatic cell hybrid and in situ hybridization analyses localized it to subband 20q11.2. Somatic cell hybrid analysis, in situ hybridization, Southern blotting Genomics High 8825653
1999 The CNC-bZIP transcription factor Nrf1 regulates expression of glutathione synthetase (GSS) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS(L)). Fibroblasts from Nrf1 knockout mice showed reduced GSH levels and increased sensitivity to oxidants, demonstrating Nrf1 as a transcriptional regulator of GSS expression. Nrf1 knockout mouse fibroblasts, gene expression analysis, glutathione quantification, oxidant sensitivity assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 10601325
2003 In patients with glutathione synthetase deficiency lacking coding exon mutations, RT-PCR revealed novel splice mutations causing absence of detectable GSS protein (by polyclonal antibody) and severely reduced GSS enzymatic activity in fibroblast lysates, establishing that splice-site mutations are a major disease mechanism. RT-PCR sequencing, enzyme activity assay in fibroblast lysates, immunoblot with polyclonal antibody Human mutation Medium 14635114
2019 FAT1 oncogene drives cisplatin resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma partly through upregulation of GSS-mediated glutathione synthesis via the LRP5/WNT2 signaling axis; shFAT1 knockdown simultaneously deregulated LRP5/WNT2 signaling, enhanced GSS-mediated oxidative stress, and re-sensitized resistant cells to cisplatin. shRNA knockdown, cell viability, invasion/migration assays, Western blotting, signaling pathway analysis Cancers Medium 31783581
2021 Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that GPX4 exerts its biological role through regulation of a GSS/GSR complex and downstream GGT family proteins; AFC-induced inhibition of this GPX4-GSS/GSR-GGT axis reduced glutathione synthesis and triggered ferroptosis in NSCLC cells. qPCR, protein-protein interaction analysis, cell proliferation and apoptosis assays, flow cytometry International journal of medical sciences Low 33746607
2022 α-Hederin destroys the GSS/GSH/GPX2 axis in NSCLC by downregulating GSS expression, thereby suppressing glutathione synthesis, collapsing the GSH redox system, and inducing ferroptosis and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Proteomics, metabolomics, high-throughput sequencing, in vitro and in vivo cancer models Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Medium 35398749
2023 Gss is expressed primarily in pachytene spermatocytes, and conditional knockout of Gss in germ cells (using Stra8-Cre) causes age-dependent male infertility via ferroptosis in the testis. In young knockout mice, compensatory GPX4 upregulation prevents ROS accumulation; in aged mice, GPX4 declines and ALOX15 increases, leading to lipid peroxidation and testicular ferroptosis, disrupting meiosis and acrosome formation. Intraperitoneal GSH or ferrostatin-1 rescued fertility. Conditional Gss knockout (Stra8-Cre), fertility assays, immunofluorescence, ROS/lipid peroxidation assays, ferroptosis inhibitor rescue (GSH, Fer-1), Western blotting Cell death & disease High 38114454
2024 Two fetal siblings with compound heterozygous GSS variants (missense p.Arg267Gln and a 2.4 kb intragenic deletion causing out-of-frame exon 3 deletion) exhibited severe GSS deficiency with multiple congenital anomalies. RNA-seq showed near-monoallelic expression and NMD of the deletion allele; elevated 5-oxoproline in amniotic fluid confirmed disruption of the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Genome sequencing, RNA-seq on brain tissue, amniotic fluid metabolite analysis (5-oxoproline measurement) Clinical genetics Medium 39221916
2025 Age-related DNA methylation-mediated suppression of GSS in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) reduces glutathione synthesis and impairs osteoblast differentiation independently of substrate (cysteine) availability, constituting an upstream metabolic lesion in age-related osteoporosis. Exosome-mediated delivery of GSH to aged bone rescued osteogenic function. DNA methylation analysis, GSS expression analysis in aged BMSCs, cysteine supplementation experiments, CXCR4-exosome GSH delivery in vivo, osteogenesis assays Bioactive materials Medium 41674552
2025 Metformin inhibits hypertrophic scar fibroblast proliferation and induces ferroptosis by downregulating RRM2, which in turn suppresses GSS expression, impairing glutathione synthesis, indirectly reducing GPX4, and leading to peroxide accumulation (RRM2/GSS/GPX4 axis). In vitro and in vivo (rabbit ear) fibrosis models, Western blotting, RRM2 knockdown, ferroptosis markers Free radical biology & medicine Medium 41619824
2025 LncRNA HCG18 acts as a ceRNA to sponge miR-30a-5p, increasing RRM2 expression, which directly upregulates GSS to increase glutathione synthesis and confer ferroptosis resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Colony formation assay, xenograft mouse model, luciferase reporter, RRM2 overexpression/knockdown, GSS expression analysis International journal of biological sciences Medium 40303288

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 85 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2005 A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome. Cell 1704 16169070
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2016 The Cellular Phase of Alzheimer's Disease. Cell 1446 26871627
2007 Systematic meta-analyses of Alzheimer disease genetic association studies: the AlzGene database. Nature genetics 1399 17192785
2009 Cellular prion protein mediates impairment of synaptic plasticity by amyloid-beta oligomers. Nature 1272 19242475
2001 Prion diseases of humans and animals: their causes and molecular basis. Annual review of neuroscience 1018 11283320
2000 NMR solution structure of the human prion protein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 878 10618385
2014 Distinct tau prion strains propagate in cells and mice and define different tauopathies. Neuron 790 24857020
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
1989 Linkage of a prion protein missense variant to Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome. Nature 728 2564168
1991 Homozygous prion protein genotype predisposes to sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Nature 713 1677164
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2000 Signal transduction through prion protein. Science (New York, N.Y.) 626 10988071
2006 A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration. Cell 610 16713569
2008 Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 607 19056867
1992 Fatal familial insomnia and familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: disease phenotype determined by a DNA polymorphism. Science (New York, N.Y.) 568 1439789
2012 Alzheimer amyloid-β oligomer bound to postsynaptic prion protein activates Fyn to impair neurons. Nature neuroscience 543 22820466
2013 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 is a coreceptor for Alzheimer aβ oligomer bound to cellular prion protein. Neuron 480 24012003
1992 Fatal familial insomnia, a prion disease with a mutation at codon 178 of the prion protein gene. The New England journal of medicine 480 1346338
1996 Subcellular colocalization of the cellular and scrapie prion proteins in caveolae-like membranous domains. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 451 8962161
1995 Truncated forms of the human prion protein in normal brain and in prion diseases. The Journal of biological chemistry 450 7642585
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2005 Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. Genome research 409 16344560
2003 Monoclonal antibodies inhibit prion replication and delay the development of prion disease. Nature 383 12621436
2002 Stress-inducible protein 1 is a cell surface ligand for cellular prion that triggers neuroprotection. The EMBO journal 336 12093732
2007 Huntingtin interacting proteins are genetic modifiers of neurodegeneration. PLoS genetics 325 17500595
2005 Genetic prion disease: the EUROCJD experience. Human genetics 322 16187142
2002 Molecular features of the copper binding sites in the octarepeat domain of the prion protein. Biochemistry 315 11900542
1986 Molecular cloning of a human prion protein cDNA. DNA (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.) 311 3755672
1991 Transmissible familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease associated with five, seven, and eight extra octapeptide coding repeats in the PRNP gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 297 1683708
1999 The CNC basic leucine zipper factor, Nrf1, is essential for cell survival in response to oxidative stress-inducing agents. Role for Nrf1 in gamma-gcs(l) and gss expression in mouse fibroblasts. The Journal of biological chemistry 156 10601325
2005 Immunodetection of disease-associated mutant PrP, which accelerates disease in GSS transgenic mice. The EMBO journal 123 15962001
2000 A synthetic peptide initiates Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) disease in transgenic mice. Journal of molecular biology 115 10656806
2011 Upregulation of micro RNA-146a (miRNA-146a), a marker for inflammatory neurodegeneration, in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) and Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome. Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A 88 22043907
2021 Ammonium Ferric Citrate induced Ferroptosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma through the inhibition of GPX4-GSS/GSR-GGT axis activity. International journal of medical sciences 58 33746607
2007 Human tau protein forms complex with PrP and some GSS- and fCJD-related PrP mutants possess stronger binding activities with tau in vitro. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 57 18038270
2003 Channels formed with a mutant prion protein PrP(82-146) homologous to a 7-kDa fragment in diseased brain of GSS patients. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 42 12814912
2023 Gss deficiency causes age-related fertility impairment via ROS-triggered ferroptosis in the testes of mice. Cell death & disease 40 38114454
2019 Targeting FAT1 Inhibits Carcinogenesis, Induces Oxidative Stress and Enhances Cisplatin Sensitivity through Deregulation of LRP5/WNT2/GSS Signaling Axis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers 35 31783581
2022 Regulatory mechanism of α-hederin upon cisplatin sensibility in NSCLC at safe dose by destroying GSS/GSH/GPX2 axis-mediated glutathione oxidation-reduction system. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 34 35398749
2010 The first case of protease-sensitive prionopathy (PSPr) in The Netherlands: a patient with an unusual GSS-like clinical phenotype. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 34 20547632
2017 Derivatives of Bst-like Gss-polymerase with improved processivity and inhibitor tolerance. Nucleic acids research 33 28934494
1991 The transmissible amyloidoses: genetical control of spontaneous generation of infectious amyloid proteins by nucleation of configurational change in host precursors: kuru-CJD-GSS-scrapie-BSE. European journal of epidemiology 32 1684758
2015 Transmission Properties of Human PrP 102L Prions Challenge the Relevance of Mouse Models of GSS. PLoS pathogens 25 26135918
1995 The gene encoding human glutathione synthetase (GSS) maps to the long arm of chromosome 20 at band 11.2. Genomics 24 8825653
2012 Substitutions at residue 211 in the prion protein drive a switch between CJD and GSS syndrome, a new mechanism governing inherited neurodegenerative disorders. Human molecular genetics 22 22965875
2007 Preliminary study on the receptor of gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) as a gonadotropin of starfish. General and comparative endocrinology 22 17368456
2018 A novel Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease mutation defines a precursor for amyloidogenic 8 kDa PrP fragments and reveals N-terminal structural changes shared by other GSS alleles. PLoS pathogens 21 29338055
2013 Identification of miRNA encoded by Jatropha curcas from EST and GSS. Plant signaling & behavior 20 23299511
2020 SNP markers for early identification of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) in bread wheat. TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik 17 31907562
2020 Spontaneous generation of prions and transmissible PrP amyloid in a humanised transgenic mouse model of A117V GSS. PLoS biology 17 32516343
2011 Participation of Gs-proteins in the action of relaxin-like gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) for 1-methyladenine production in starfish ovarian follicle cells. General and comparative endocrinology 17 22134181
2003 Diagnostics in patients with glutathione synthetase deficiency but without mutations in the exons of the GSS gene. Human mutation 17 14635114
2019 Suppressive Effects of GSS on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endothelial Cell Injury and ALI via TNF-α and IL-6. Mediators of inflammation 16 32082076
2010 A Drosophila model of GSS syndrome suggests defects in active zones are responsible for pathogenesis of GSS syndrome. Human molecular genetics 16 20829230
2011 Hormonal action of relaxin-like gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) on starfish ovaries in growing and fully grown states. General and comparative endocrinology 15 21295575
2018 A case of severe glutathione synthetase deficiency with novel GSS mutations. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas 13 29340523
2008 ReRep: computational detection of repetitive sequences in genome survey sequences (GSS). BMC bioinformatics 12 18782453
2011 Autophagy contributes to widespread neuronal degeneration in hamsters infected with the Echigo-1 strain of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and mice infected with the Fujisaki strain of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome. Ultrastructural pathology 11 21214405
1995 High-resolution physical mapping of a 250-kb region of human chromosome 11q24 by genomic sequence sampling (GSS). Genomics 11 7607672
1991 [Recent advances in the research of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Gerstmann-Strüssler syndrome (GSS)]. Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology 10 1687809
2022 Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Quality Characteristics of Wheat with the Absence of Different Individual High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunits (HMW-GSs). International journal of molecular sciences 9 35216291
2012 Characterization of HMW-GSs and their gene inaction in tetraploid wheat. Genetica 9 23054223
2019 "Dual Disease" TgAD/GSS mice exhibit enhanced Alzheimer's disease pathology and reveal PrPC-dependent secretion of Aβ. Scientific reports 8 31189938
2001 [A case of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS) with late onset--a haplotype analysis of Glu219Lys polymorphism in PrP gene]. Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology 7 11771163
2025 Targeting HCG18 counteracts ferroptosis resistance via blocking the miR-30a-5p/RRM2/GSS pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. International journal of biological sciences 6 40303288
2022 Effects of HMW-GSs at Glu-B1 locus on starch-protein interaction and starch digestibility during thermomechanical processing of wheat dough. Journal of the science of food and agriculture 6 36397183
2019 A case of Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker (GSS) disease with supranuclear gaze palsy. Journal of clinical movement disorders 6 31890235
2019 Analysis of microRNAs and their targets from onion (Allium cepa) using genome survey sequences (GSS) and expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Bioinformation 6 32256010
2016 Genotypic susceptibility score (GSS) and CD4+ T cell recovery in HIV-1 patients with suppressed viral load. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 5 27999069
2024 Dynamic behaviors of protein and water associated with fresh noodle quality during processing based on different HMW-GSs at Glu-D1. Food chemistry 4 38754351
2023 Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Revealed the Influence of High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunits (HMW-GSs) Deficiency on Expression of Storage Substances and the Potential Regulatory Mechanism of HMW-GSs. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 4 36673453
1991 Absence of 1-Methyladenine Production in Follicle Cells Obtained from Starfish Ovaries in the Post-Spawning Season: (starfish follicle celis/1-MeAde/GSS/cAMP/post-spawning season). Development, growth & differentiation 4 37281473
2014 Improved therapy-success prediction with GSS estimated from clinical HIV-1 sequences. Journal of the International AIDS Society 3 25397488
2008 [Case of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS-P102L) mimicking variant Creurtzfeldt-Jakob disease in clinical manifestation and MRI findings]. Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology 3 18409537
2006 [Patient with Gerstmann-Striussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS P102L) presenting high intensity lesions in the cerebral cortex on diffusion weighted MRI]. Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology 3 16768100
2024 HMW-GSs 1Dx3+1Dy12 contribute to a suitable wheat gluten strength that confers superior Chinese steamed bread quality. Journal of food science 2 38193206
2011 Design studies for ASIC implementations of 28 GS/s optical QPSK- and 16-QAM-OFDM transceivers. Optics express 2 21997095
2026 Age-related GSS promoter methylation in BMSCs drives osteoporosis and the reversal by targeted GSH delivery. Bioactive materials 1 41674552
2011 Does GSS still maintain relevance on HAART outcome after the introduction of newest active antiretroviral drugs? 48 weeks results. Current HIV research 1 22211659
2010 Insights from the GC content analysis of 76genome survey sequences (GSS) from Elaeisoleifera. Bioinformation 1 21364775
1994 Effect of Ca2+ -free Seawater Treatment on 1-Methyladenine Production in Starfish Ovarian Follicle Cells: (starfish follicle cells/1-MeAde/GSS/cAMP/Ca2 +-free seawater). Development, growth & differentiation 1 37281076
2026 Metformin targets RRM2/GSS/GPX4 axis to induce fibroblast ferroptosis: A foreground strategy against hypertrophic scarring. Free radical biology & medicine 0 41619824
2024 Multiple congenital anomalies in two fetuses with glutathione-synthetase deficit (GSS). Clinical genetics 0 39221916
1997 [Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD) and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome(GSS)]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 0 9103904