Affinage

GP5

Platelet glycoprotein V · UniProt P40197

Length
560 aa
Mass
61.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 1 papers cited in narrative 1 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: tie faithfulness: 1/2 claims corpus-supported (50%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

GP5 (CD42d, platelet glycoprotein V) is a megakaryocyte/platelet marker whose expression is temporally restricted to the late stage of megakaryocyte maturation (PMID:11152397). In mouse bone marrow culture, GPV-positive (1C2+) megakaryocytes arise from CD41(GPIIb)+/GPV- precursors and display higher DNA ploidy, placing GPV induction downstream of GPIIb during megakaryopoiesis (PMID:11152397). Beyond this developmental-timing evidence, no further mechanistic detail regarding GPV's molecular function has been characterized in the available corpus.

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 1 step
  1. 2000 Medium

    Established when GPV is expressed during megakaryocyte development, addressing whether it marks an early or late maturation stage relative to GPIIb.

    Evidence Mouse bone marrow culture with anti-GPV mAb (1C2) staining and DNA ploidy analysis, with recombinant GPV in NIH-3T3 cells to confirm antibody specificity

    PMID:11152397

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not define GPV's molecular function within the platelet receptor complex
    • Single-lab, single-study observation in mouse; human megakaryocyte timing not directly addressed
    • No mechanistic link between GPV induction and the ploidy increase

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The molecular function of GPV within the GPIb/IX/V complex and in hemostasis remains undefined in the available corpus.
  • No biochemical characterization of GPV function
  • No structural or interaction data for GPV within the receptor complex
  • No loss-of-function phenotype documented in the timeline

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
No controlled-vocabulary terms were assigned to this entry.

Evidence

Reading pass · 1 per-paper finding extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2000 GPV (CD42d) appears at a late stage of megakaryocyte maturation; in mouse bone marrow culture, 1C2+ (GPV+) megakaryocytes emerged from CD41(GPIIb)+/1C2- megakaryocytes and exhibited higher DNA ploidy distribution, indicating GPV expression is temporally restricted to late-stage megakaryocyte development. Mouse bone marrow culture with monoclonal antibody staining (anti-GPV mAb 1C2) and DNA ploidy analysis; recombinant GPV expression in NIH-3T3 cells to confirm antibody specificity Hybridoma Medium 11152397

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1995 The use of general primers GP5 and GP6 elongated at their 3' ends with adjacent highly conserved sequences improves human papillomavirus detection by PCR. The Journal of general virology 1073 9049358
1997 A general primer GP5+/GP6(+)-mediated PCR-enzyme immunoassay method for rapid detection of 14 high-risk and 6 low-risk human papillomavirus genotypes in cervical scrapings. Journal of clinical microbiology 484 9041439
2002 GP5+/6+ PCR followed by reverse line blot analysis enables rapid and high-throughput identification of human papillomavirus genotypes. Journal of clinical microbiology 457 11880393
1997 PCR detection of human papillomavirus: comparison between MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+ primer systems. Journal of clinical microbiology 378 9163434
2011 Discovery of a small arterivirus gene that overlaps the GP5 coding sequence and is important for virus production. The Journal of general virology 258 21307223
2008 Homogeneous amplification of genital human alpha papillomaviruses by PCR using novel broad-spectrum GP5+ and GP6+ primers. Journal of clinical microbiology 161 18199790
2004 Nested PCR with the PGMY09/11 and GP5(+)/6(+) primer sets improves detection of HPV DNA in cervical samples. Journal of virological methods 150 15488625
1999 Seroneutralization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus correlates with antibody response to the GP5 major envelope glycoprotein. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc 109 9925207
2004 PCR detection of human papillomavirus of the mucosa: comparison between MY09/11 and GP5+/6+ primer sets. Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology 106 15163418
2000 Categorization of North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses: epitopic profiles of the N, M, GP5 and GP3 proteins and susceptibility to neutralization. Archives of virology 105 11003472
2003 The major envelope protein, GP5, of a European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus contains a neutralization epitope in its N-terminal ectodomain. The Journal of general virology 99 12771423
2004 The primary GP5 neutralization epitope of North American isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 94 15507310
1999 Monoclonal antibodies to the GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus are more effective in virus neutralization than monoclonal antibodies to the GP4. Veterinary microbiology 94 10227120
2005 Protective immunity induced by a recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing the GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in piglets. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 86 15963827
2006 Neutralizing antibody responses of pigs infected with natural GP5 N-glycan mutants of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Viral immunology 80 16817772
2006 Recombinant adenovirus expressing GP5 and M fusion proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 76 16777236
1998 Genomic and antigenic variations of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus major envelope GP5 glycoprotein. Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire 74 9684045
2012 N-linked glycosylation of GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is critically important for virus replication in vivo. Journal of virology 72 22761373
2005 Touchdown General Primer (GP5+/GP6+) PCR and optimized sample DNA concentration support the sensitive detection of human papillomavirus. BMC clinical pathology 67 16288661
2006 DNA vaccines co-expressing GP5 and M proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) display enhanced immunogenicity. Vaccine 65 16446016
2009 Immunogenicity of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 protein encoded by a synthetic ORF5 gene. Vaccine 61 19368777
2004 Significance of the oligosaccharides of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus glycoproteins GP2a and GP5 for infectious virus production. The Journal of general virology 59 15557245
2013 Computer-aided codon-pairs deoptimization of the major envelope GP5 gene attenuates porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virology 58 24503075
2002 Construction and immunogenicity of recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG expressing GP5 and M protein of porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus. Vaccine 55 12443659
2004 Immune response of pigs inoculated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG expressing a truncated form of GP5 and M protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vaccine 51 14670329
2006 Cross-sectional comparison of an automated hybrid capture 2 assay and the consensus GP5+/6+ PCR method in a population-based cervical screening program. Journal of clinical microbiology 50 17021097
2007 Construction and immunogenicity of pseudotype baculovirus expressing GP5 and M protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vaccine 49 17980465
2003 Adenoviral-expressed GP5 of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus differs in its cellular maturation from the authentic viral protein but maintains known biological functions. Archives of virology 49 12721802
2008 Enhanced immune responses of mice inoculated recombinant adenoviruses expressing GP5 by fusion with GP3 and/or GP4 of PRRS virus. Virus research 45 18538882
2007 Co-expressing GP5 and M proteins under different promoters in recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara (rMVA)-based vaccine vector enhanced the humoral and cellular immune responses of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Virus genes 44 17922181
2006 Enhanced immunogenicity of the modified GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus genes 42 16525729
2014 Clinical evaluation of a GP5+/6+-based luminex assay having full high-risk human papillomavirus genotyping capability and an internal control. Journal of clinical microbiology 40 25210073
2010 CD40 ligand expressed in adenovirus can improve the immunogenicity of the GP3 and GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in swine. Vaccine 40 20851084
1996 A non-radioactive PCR enzyme-immunoassay enables a rapid identification of HPV 16 and 18 in cervical scrapes after GP5+/6+ PCR. Journal of medical virology 38 8818969
2011 Detection by PCR of human papillomavirus in Colombia: Comparison of GP5+/6+ and MY09/11 primer sets. Journal of virological methods 37 21884728
2009 Comparison of the clinical performance of PapilloCheck human papillomavirus detection with that of the GP5+/6+-PCR-enzyme immunoassay in population-based cervical screening. Journal of clinical microbiology 36 20042622
2008 HSP70 fused with GP3 and GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus enhanced the immune responses and protective efficacy against virulent PRRSV challenge in pigs. Vaccine 36 19070639
2002 Characterization of regions in the GP5 protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus required to induce apoptotic cell death. Virus research 33 11864744
2007 Influence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 glycoprotein N-linked glycans on immune responses in mice. Virus genes 31 17671839
2019 MYH9 Aggregation Induced by Direct Interaction With PRRSV GP5 Ectodomain Facilitates Viral Internalization by Permissive Cells. Frontiers in microbiology 30 31649651
2008 A novel method of HPV genotyping using Hybrid Capture sample preparation method combined with GP5+/6+ PCR and multiplex detection on Luminex XMAP. Journal of virological methods 29 18835300
2016 Generation and immunogenicity of porcine circovirus type 2 chimeric virus-like particles displaying porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 epitope B. Vaccine 28 26930366
2011 Baculovirus as a PRRSV and PCV2 bivalent vaccine vector: baculovirus virions displaying simultaneously GP5 glycoprotein of PRRSV and capsid protein of PCV2. Journal of virological methods 28 22172969
2009 Immunogenicity of recombinant GP5 protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus expressed in tobacco plant. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 28 20053461
2006 Neutralizing antibody formation in swine infected with seven strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus as measured by indirect ELISA with peptides containing the GP5 neutralization epitope. Viral immunology 28 16817771
2021 Palmitoylation of the envelope membrane proteins GP5 and M of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is essential for virus growth. PLoS pathogens 27 33891658
2009 High-throughput genotyping of high-risk HPV by the digene HPV Genotyping LQ Test using GP5+/6+-PCR and xMAP technology. Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology 27 20129070
2012 Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 B antigenic region is not a neutralizing antigenic region. Veterinary microbiology 26 22771210
2009 Monoclonal antibodies and conserved antigenic epitopes in the C terminus of GP5 protein of the North American type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Veterinary microbiology 26 19427138
2019 Nsp2 and GP5-M of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Contribute to Targets for Neutralizing Antibodies. Virologica Sinica 25 31347089
2005 Alternative codon usage of PRRS virus ORF5 gene increases eucaryotic expression of GP(5) glycoprotein and improves immune response in challenged pigs. Vaccine 25 15893859
2023 Genetic variation and recombination analysis of the GP5 (GP5a) gene of PRRSV-2 strains in China from 1996 to 2022. Frontiers in microbiology 24 37675419
2010 The immunogenicity of DNA constructs co-expressing GP5 and M proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus conjugated by GPGP linker in pigs. Veterinary microbiology 24 20570063
2008 A recombinant plasmid co-expressing swine ubiquitin and the GP5 encoding-gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces protective immunity in piglets. Vaccine 24 18262692
2011 Evaluation of the immunogenicity of a transgenic tobacco plant expressing the recombinant fusion protein of GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin in pigs. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 23 21277027
2009 Comparison of the PapilloCheck DNA micro-array Human Papillomavirus detection assay with Hybrid Capture II and PCR-enzyme immunoassay using the GP5/6+ primer set. Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology 23 19394266
2013 Immunogenic and protective properties of GP5 and M structural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus expressed from replicating but nondisseminating adenovectors. Veterinary research 22 23497101
2004 Characterization of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus glycoprotein 5 (GP5) in stably expressing cells. Virus research 22 15177890
2024 Epitope screening and vaccine molecule design of PRRSV GP3 and GP5 protein based on immunoinformatics. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 21 38217314
2012 Evaluation of a DNA vaccine candidate co-expressing GP3 and GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) with interferon α/γ in immediate and long-lasting protection against HP-PRRSV challenge. Virus genes 21 22843314
2010 Construction and immunogenicity of DNA vaccines encoding fusion protein of murine complement C3d-p28 and GP5 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vaccine 21 21134449
2006 Human papillomavirus typing with GP5+/6+ polymerase chain reaction reverse line blotting and with commercial type-specific PCR kits. Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology 21 16624614
2011 Generation and immunogenicity of transgenic potato expressing the GP5 protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Journal of virological methods 20 21300109
2021 Isolation of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus GP5-Specific, Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies From Hyperimmune Sows. Frontiers in immunology 19 33692807
2015 Comparative evaluation of the GP5+/6+, MY09/11 and PGMY09/11 primer sets for HPV detection by PCR in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Experimental and molecular pathology 19 26621496
2012 Chimeric viruses containing the N-terminal ectodomains of GP5 and M proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus do not change the cellular tropism of equine arteritis virus. Virology 19 22739441
2019 A PRRSV GP5-Mosaic vaccine: Protection of pigs from challenge and ex vivo detection of IFNγ responses against several genotype 2 strains. PloS one 18 30703122
2013 Immune responses in mice vaccinated with virus-like particles composed of the GP5 and M proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Archives of virology 18 23392631
2009 GP5+/6+ SYBR Green methodology for simultaneous screening and quantification of human papillomavirus. Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology 17 19447674
1992 Epitopic mapping of linear and conformation-dependent antigenic determinants on GP5 of five U.S. bluetongue viruses. Virology 17 1374982
2024 Development of a Ferritin Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine with PRRSV GP5 Protein. Viruses 16 38932282
2020 Broad Protection of Pigs against Heterologous PRRSV Strains by a GP5-Mosaic DNA Vaccine Prime/GP5-Mosaic rVaccinia (VACV) Vaccine Boost. Vaccines 16 32121277
2019 Construction and immunological evaluation of recombinant Newcastle disease virus vaccines expressing highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP3/GP5 proteins in pigs. Veterinary microbiology 16 31767075
2018 Targeted Delivery of GP5 Antigen of PRRSV to M Cells Enhances the Antigen-Specific Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 16 29423381
2012 Production and immunogenicity of chimeric virus-like particles containing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 protein. Vaccine 16 23036496
2000 Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against mouse and rat platelet glycoprotein V (CD42d). Hybridoma 15 11152397
1992 Complete genomic sequences of the GP5 protein gene of bluetongue virus serotype 11 and 17. Virus research 15 1318625
2022 Using Alphafold2 to Predict the Structure of the Gp5/M Dimer of Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus. International journal of molecular sciences 14 36361998
2021 Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Restricted in Cytoplasmic Location by Viral GP5 Facilitates Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replication via Its Glycolytic Activity. Journal of virology 14 34160254
2013 Recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis expressing highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 elicits mucosal and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. Journal of veterinary science 14 24378591
2008 Generation of internal image monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies against idiotypic antibodies to GP5 antigen of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Journal of virological methods 14 18336924
2024 PRRSV GP5 inhibits the antivirus effects of chaperone-mediated autophagy by targeting LAMP2A. mBio 13 38940560
2023 MARCO Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection through Intensifying Viral GP5-Induced Apoptosis. Microbiology spectrum 13 37078873
2012 Positive inductive effect of IL-18 on virus-specific immune responses induced by PRRSV-GP5 DNA vaccine in swine. Research in veterinary science 13 23058982
2009 High genotyping concordance between the digene HPV Genotyping RH Test and the Reverse Line Blot genotyping assay on GP5+/6+-PCR products. Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology 13 20129069
2014 Enhanced immune responses in pigs by DNA vaccine coexpressing GP3 and GP5 of European type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Journal of virological methods 12 24882496
2012 Lack of evidence for an association between seminoma and human papillomavirus infection using GP5+/GP6+ consensus primers. Journal of medical virology 12 23073996
2023 N-Acetyltransferase 9 Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Proliferation by N-Terminal Acetylation of the Structural Protein GP5. Microbiology spectrum 11 36695606
2022 Immunological evaluation of recombination PRRSV GP3 and GP5 DNA vaccines in vivo. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 11 36275018
2020 Replacing the decoy epitope of PCV2 capsid protein with epitopes of GP3 and/or GP5 of PRRSV enhances the immunogenicity of bivalent vaccines in mice. Journal of virological methods 11 32650038
2018 Interaction of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus major envelope proteins GP5 and M with the cellular protein Snapin. Virus research 11 29577951
2010 Construction and characterization of a recombinant canine adenovirus expressing GP5 and M proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. The Journal of veterinary medical science 11 20467206
2018 Plant synthetic GP4 and GP5 proteins from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus elicit immune responses in pigs. Planta 10 29313103
2016 Porcine GPX1 enhances GP5-based DNA vaccination against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 10 28063474
2015 Evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 and GP3 genes under swIFN-β immune pressure and interferon regulatory factor-3 activation suppressed by GP5. Research in veterinary science 9 26022070
2014 Chimeric influenza-virus-like particles containing the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 protein and the influenza virus HA and M1 proteins. Archives of virology 9 25064513
2014 GP5 expression in Marc-145 cells inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection by inducing beta interferon activity. Veterinary microbiology 9 25457367
2009 Function of PRRSV GP5 envelope protein by using pseudotyped virus. Veterinary microbiology 9 19477088
2014 Construction and immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine coexpressing GP3 and GP5 of genotype-I porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. BMC veterinary research 8 24916952
1998 Genetic polymorphism in human platelet glycoprotein GP Ib/IX/V complex is enriched in GP V (CD42d). Tissue antigens 8 9802603

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