Affinage

GNB3

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 · UniProt P16520

Length
340 aa
Mass
37.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 15 papers cited in narrative 15 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

GNB3 encodes the β3 subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins and functions as a signal transducer downstream of G-protein-coupled receptors in retina, vasculature, platelets, brain, and adipose tissue. The common C825T variant in exon 10 induces alternative splicing that produces a truncated Gβ3-s isoform associated with enhanced Gi-protein signaling, augmenting GPCR-coupled vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission (PMID:9856980, PMID:12172218, PMID:12818251, PMID:21371559). GNB3 overexpression in transgenic mice causes obesity with increased adiposity, insulin resistance, and reduced Ucp1 expression in white adipose tissue indicating impaired thermogenesis, whereas Gβ3-null mice exhibit bradycardia without alterations in body weight or blood pressure (PMID:29206867, PMID:25093805). Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in GNB3 cause congenital stationary night blindness with ON-bipolar cell and cone phototransduction defects in humans (PMID:27063057).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 8 steps
  1. 1998 High

    The discovery that the GNB3 C825T variant drives alternative splicing to produce a truncated Gβ3-s isoform with enhanced G-protein signaling established the first molecular mechanism linking a common GNB3 polymorphism to altered signal transduction.

    Evidence Molecular cloning, PCR-based splicing analysis, and functional signaling assays in human cells

    PMID:9856980

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for how the synonymous SNP drives altered splicing was not experimentally validated
    • Which Gα subunits preferentially couple to Gβ3-s was not determined
    • Whether Gβ3-s assembles into functional heterotrimers in vivo was not shown
  2. 2002 Medium

    Demonstrating that GNB3 825T carriers exhibit dramatically enhanced vasoconstriction to endothelin-1, angiotensin II, and noradrenaline in vivo established that Gβ3 genotype functionally modulates GPCR-coupled vascular tone in human microvasculature.

    Evidence Laser Doppler flowmetry with intradermal agonist injection in genotyped healthy men with pharmacological dissection

    PMID:12172218

    Open questions at the time
    • Single study in skin microcirculation; replication in other vascular beds lacking
    • Molecular mechanism linking Gβ3-s to enhanced vasoconstrictor coupling not dissected
  3. 2003 Medium

    Showing that GNB3 genotype modulates platelet aggregation at low GPCR agonist concentrations extended the functional significance of Gβ3 signaling beyond vasculature to hemostasis.

    Evidence Turbidometric and impedance platelet aggregation assays in genotyped healthy volunteers using multiple agonists (ADP, TXA2 analog, epinephrine, TRAP)

    PMID:12818251 PMID:22082654

    Open questions at the time
    • Direction of effect differed between the two studies (825T enhanced in one, 825CC enhanced in the other), leaving the precise genotype-phenotype relationship unresolved
    • Downstream signaling pathways in platelets not characterized
  4. 2011 High

    Characterizing the D153del mutation in chicken GNB3 revealed that mutant Gβ3 has accelerated protein degradation and that loss of GNB3 signaling perturbs cGMP, cAMP, MAPK, and AKT cascades in a tissue-specific manner, broadening the known downstream effector spectrum of Gβ3.

    Evidence Cycloheximide chase in transfected COS-7 cells; second-messenger and kinase phosphorylation assays in rge chicken tissues

    PMID:21887213

    Open questions at the time
    • Findings in chicken ortholog; relevance to human GNB3 mutations assumed but not formally tested
    • Which Gα and Gγ partners are affected was not determined
  5. 2013 High

    Generation of GNB3 BAC transgenic mice demonstrated that an extra copy of GNB3 is sufficient to cause obesity and excess intraabdominal fat, establishing a causal gain-of-function link between GNB3 dosage and adiposity.

    Evidence BAC transgenic mouse model with GNB3 duplication; body weight and adiposity measurements versus wild-type littermates

    PMID:23980137

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular pathway by which Gβ3 overexpression promotes fat accumulation was not identified
    • Whether obesity requires brain or peripheral GNB3 expression was not resolved
  6. 2014 High

    Gβ3-null mice clarified that GNB3 expression is restricted to retina, specific brain regions, and heart ventricles, and that Gβ3 loss causes bradycardia through a central or autonomic mechanism rather than direct cardiac pacemaker GPCR signaling, while body weight and blood pressure remain unaffected.

    Evidence GNB3 knockout mouse; tail-cuff vs. isolated perfused heart heart-rate measurements; high-fat diet feeding; glucose and insulin tolerance tests

    PMID:25093805

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of bradycardia (autonomic vs. central) not dissected
    • Asymmetric gain-of-function obesity vs. no loss-of-function weight phenotype was unexplained
  7. 2016 High

    Identification of biallelic loss-of-function GNB3 mutations in humans causing congenital stationary night blindness with ON-bipolar cell and cone phototransduction defects established GNB3 as essential for retinal signal transduction and linked it to a Mendelian disease.

    Evidence Whole-exome sequencing of multiple human families; electroretinographic phenotyping

    PMID:27063057 PMID:27281386

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Gβ3 functions in ON-bipolar cells, cone photoreceptors, or both was not fully resolved
    • Identity of the Gα partner in ON-bipolar cell transduction was not determined
  8. 2017 High

    BAC transgenic mice carrying the human GNB3 825T allele developed metabolic syndrome with elevated fasting glucose/insulin and reduced Ucp1 in white adipose tissue, identifying impaired thermogenesis as the mechanistic basis for Gβ3-driven obesity independent of food intake.

    Evidence BAC transgenic mouse; body composition, glucose/insulin tolerance tests, plasma metabolites, behavioral battery, Ucp1 qPCR in WAT

    PMID:29206867

    Open questions at the time
    • How Gβ3 overexpression suppresses Ucp1 transcription/browning was not elucidated
    • Whether enhanced Gi signaling or Gβγ-specific effectors mediate the thermogenic defect is unknown
    • Relevance of the mouse phenotype to human 825T carriers remains correlative

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The mechanism by which Gβ3-s (or Gβ3 overexpression) enhances downstream signaling remains unresolved: the specific Gα and Gγ partners, effector selectivity, and structural basis for Gβ3-s functional gain have not been determined experimentally.
  • No crystal structure of Gβ3-s or reconstituted heterotrimer
  • Gγ subunit partners for Gβ3 in different tissues not identified
  • Mechanism linking Gβ3 dosage to Ucp1 suppression in adipose tissue not characterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-9709957 Sensory Perception 2 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 1 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 1
Complex memberships
heterotrimeric G protein (Gαβγ)

Evidence

Reading pass · 15 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1998 The C825T variant in exon 10 of GNB3 induces formation of a splice variant (Gβ3-s) lacking nucleotides 498-620 of exon 9, and this splice variant is associated with enhanced G-protein signal transduction activity in human cells and tissues. Molecular cloning, PCR-based splicing analysis, functional signaling assays in human cells Hypertension High 9856980
2011 The D153del mutation in the GNB3 gene (rge chicken ortholog) causes accelerated degradation of the mutant Gβ3 protein (shorter half-life in cycloheximide chase), and loss of GNB3 signaling leads to tissue-specific alterations in cGMP, cAMP, MAPK, AKT, and GRK2 phosphorylation cascades, as well as glomerulomegaly and tubulointerstitial inflammation in kidney. Recombinant GNB3 construct transfection in COS-7 cells with cycloheximide chase; immunohistochemistry and second-messenger assays in rge chicken tissues PLoS ONE High 21887213
2014 Gβ3-null mice (GNB3−/−) show Gβ3 expression restricted to retina, specific brain regions, and heart ventricles; knockout mice exhibit bradycardia during tail-cuff measurements but not in isolated perfused hearts, indicating Gβ3 is not directly involved in cardiac pacemaker GPCR signaling yet influences heart rate in vivo; body weight, blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were unaffected by Gβ3 deletion. Gβ3-null mouse generation; tail-cuff blood pressure and heart rate measurement; isolated perfused heart preparation; high-fat diet feeding; glucose and insulin tolerance tests; tissue expression analysis Cellular Signalling High 25093805
2013 Transgenic mice carrying an extra copy of GNB3 weigh significantly more than wild-type littermates and accumulate excess intraabdominal fat, establishing that GNB3 duplication/overexpression is sufficient to cause obesity; GNB3 is highly expressed in the brain consistent with roles in satiety/metabolism. BAC transgenic mouse model with GNB3 duplication; body weight and adiposity measurements versus wild-type littermates PNAS High 23980137
2017 BAC transgenic mice carrying an extra copy of the human GNB3 825T risk allele exhibit increased adiposity without increased food intake or impaired satiety, elevated fasting glucose/insulin/C-peptide indicating type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome markers, and reduced Ucp1 expression in white adipose tissue suggesting impaired thermogenesis; activity levels and heat production were similar to wild-type. BAC transgenic mouse model; body composition analysis; glucose/insulin tolerance tests; plasma metabolite measurements; behavioral battery; Ucp1 expression by qPCR in WAT PLoS ONE High 29206867
2016 Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in GNB3 (compound heterozygous deletion/nonsense or homozygous nonsense/missense) in humans cause congenital stationary night blindness with ON bipolar cell signaling defects and reduced cone sensitivity, demonstrating that GNB3 is essential for ON bipolar cell signaling and cone phototransduction in the human retina. Whole-exome sequencing of human families; ERG phenotyping; mutational analysis in 58 CSNB subjects American Journal of Human Genetics High 27063057
2016 A homozygous GNB3 nonsense mutation (c.124C>T; p.Arg42Ter) causes inherited retinal disease in humans characterized by nystagmus and macular disturbance, consistent with Gβ3's role in cone photoreceptors and ON bipolar cell signaling established in mouse knockouts. Whole-exome sequencing; retinal imaging; ERG JAMA Ophthalmology Medium 27281386
2003 In healthy volunteers, carriers of the GNB3 825T allele show enhanced platelet aggregation at low agonist concentrations (ADP, TXA2 analog, epinephrine) acting via GPCRs, and this effect is further potentiated in carriers of the GPIIIa Pl(A2) allele, demonstrating that GNB3 genotype modulates GPCR-mediated platelet activation. Turbidometric platelet aggregation assay in 150 healthy individuals stratified by GNB3 and GPIIIa genotypes Thrombosis Research Medium 12818251
2012 In human whole blood impedance aggregometry, the GNB3 825CC genotype (lacking the splice variant) is independently associated with significantly enhanced platelet aggregation to TRAP, ADP, TXA2 agonist, and epinephrine, confirming GNB3-mediated modulation of GPCR-coupled platelet signaling. Impedance aggregometry (Multiplate) in 143 healthy individuals; genotyping by pyrosequencing; multivariate regression Pharmacogenetics and Genomics Medium 22082654
2002 Healthy normotensive carriers of the GNB3 825T allele exhibit significantly enhanced in vivo vasoconstriction to endothelin-1, angiotensin II, and noradrenaline in the skin microcirculation (dose-response curve shifted up to two log units), demonstrating that the GNB3 splice variant increases GPCR-coupled vasoconstrictor signaling in human microvasculature. Laser Doppler flowmetry with intradermal agonist injection in 25 healthy men stratified by GNB3 genotype; pharmacological dissection with L-NMMA and yohimbine Pharmacogenetics Medium 12172218
2003 The venodilatory response to nitroglycerin is significantly greater in carriers of the GNB3 825T allele (102% vs 78% maximal venodilation), implicating pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins downstream of nitroglycerin in human veins. Linear variable transducer technique measuring dorsal hand vein compliance in response to nitroglycerin infusion in 28 genotyped healthy men Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Medium 14586390
2005 Insulin-mediated venodilation is impaired in carriers of the GNB3 825T allele (dose-response curve shifted right), demonstrating that GNB3 genotype modulates vascular insulin signaling in vivo in human veins. Linear variable transducer technique measuring dorsal hand vein compliance in response to insulin infusion in 31 genotyped healthy men Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Medium 15961981
2011 The GNB3 C825T polymorphism influences striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability: CC genotype carriers have significantly higher DAT availability than CT/TT carriers, indicating that G-protein β3 subunit genotype affects presynaptic dopaminergic signaling in the striatum. SPECT imaging with [99mTc]TRODAT-1 in 78 healthy subjects stratified by GNB3 genotype NeuroImage Medium 21371559
2002 Molecular modeling of GNB3 pre-mRNA structures reveals marked structural differences between the C-haplotype and T-haplotype that may account for alternative splicing predominantly observed with the T-haplotype, providing a mechanistic basis for why the 825T allele drives Gβ3-s splice variant production. Comprehensive GNB3 gene sequencing for novel SNPs; haplotype analysis in three ethnic populations; pre-mRNA secondary structure modeling Pharmacogenetics Low 11927836
2005 GNB3 825T allele carriers show impaired SDF-1α-stimulated chemotaxis of CD4+ T cells (pilot data), suggesting GNB3 modulates GPCR-mediated lymphocyte chemotaxis. Boyden chamber chemotaxis assay with SDF-1α in purified CD4+ cells from HIV-infected patients stratified by GNB3 genotype European Journal of Medical Research Low 16354603

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1998 G-protein beta3 subunit gene (GNB3) variant in causation of essential hypertension. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 148 9856980
2022 GNB3 c.825c>T polymorphism influences T-cell but not antibody response following vaccination with the mRNA-1273 vaccine. Frontiers in genetics 130 36105097
2003 Prediction of successful weight reduction under sibutramine therapy through genotyping of the G-protein beta3 subunit gene (GNB3) C825T polymorphism. Pharmacogenetics 80 12893983
2001 Association between a polymorphism in the G protein beta3 subunit gene (GNB3) with arterial hypertension but not with myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular research 79 11230982
2002 Identification and ethnic distribution of major haplotypes in the gene GNB3 encoding the G-protein beta3 subunit. Pharmacogenetics 77 11927836
2007 The GNB3 C825T polymorphism and essential hypertension: a meta-analysis of 34 studies including 14,094 cases and 17,760 controls. Journal of hypertension 64 17278960
2000 Interaction of the ACE D allele and the GNB3 825T allele in myocardial infarction. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 53 11116112
2011 The GNB3 C825T polymorphism as a pharmacogenetic marker in the treatment of hypertension, obesity, and depression. Pharmacogenetics and genomics 51 21709600
2005 Suggestive association between the C825T polymorphism of the G-protein beta3 subunit gene (GNB3) and clinical improvement with antipsychotics in schizophrenia. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 43 16139171
2002 Enhanced vasoconstriction to endothelin-1, angiotensin II and noradrenaline in carriers of the GNB3 825T allele in the skin microcirculation. Pharmacogenetics 43 12172218
2016 Biallelic Mutations in GNB3 Cause a Unique Form of Autosomal-Recessive Congenital Stationary Night Blindness. American journal of human genetics 40 27063057
2007 Homozygous 825T allele of the GNB3 protein influences the susceptibility of Japanese to dyspepsia. Digestive diseases and sciences 40 17717746
2005 Studies of the association of the GNB3 825C>T polymorphism with components of the metabolic syndrome in white Danes. Diabetologia 38 16284746
2010 Variation in GNB3 predicts response and adverse reactions to antidepressants. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) 36 20826553
2009 Gastroesophageal reflux disease is associated with the C825T polymorphism in the G-protein beta3 subunit gene (GNB3). The American journal of gastroenterology 35 19174793
2003 Sildenafil response is influenced by the G protein beta 3 subunit GNB3 C825T polymorphism: a pilot study. The Journal of urology 34 12576843
2012 Association of the C825T polymorphism in the GNB3 gene with obesity and metabolic phenotypes in a Taiwanese population. Genes & nutrition 33 22791279
2009 Weight loss and body fat reduction under sibutramine therapy in obesity with the C825T polymorphism in the GNB3 gene. Pharmacogenetics and genomics 31 19687782
2007 Association between 5-HT2A, TPH1 and GNB3 genotypes and response to typical neuroleptics: a serotonergic approach. BMC psychiatry 31 17521439
2006 Interaction between GNB3 C825T and ACE I/D polymorphisms in essential hypertension in Koreans. Journal of human hypertension 31 17066084
2005 Association of G-protein beta-3 subunit gene (GNB3) T825 allele with Type II diabetes. Neuro endocrinology letters 31 15855877
2013 Mouse model implicates GNB3 duplication in a childhood obesity syndrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 30 23980137
1999 825T allele of the G-protein beta3 subunit gene (GNB3) is associated with impaired left ventricular diastolic filling in essential hypertension. Journal of hypertension 30 10526907
2012 The role of G protein gene GNB3 C825T polymorphism in HIV-1 acquisition, progression and immune activation. Retrovirology 29 22214232
2001 G-protein beta(3) subunit gene (GNB3) 825T allele is associated with enhanced renal perfusion in early hypertension. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 29 11244012
2004 Association of GNB3 gene with pulse pressure and clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Japanese. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 26 15033462
2019 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Chemosensory Pathway Genes GNB3, TAS2R19, and TAS2R38 Are Associated with Chronic Rhinosinusitis. International archives of allergy and immunology 25 31137020
2007 Gene-environment interaction and the GNB3 gene in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. International journal of obesity (2005) 25 17299380
2006 Interaction between TPH1 and GNB3 genotypes and electroconvulsive therapy in major depression. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 25 17066254
2016 Association of CLOCK, ARNTL, PER2, and GNB3 polymorphisms with diurnal preference in a Korean population. Chronobiology international 24 27660894
2003 Cooperative effect of GNB3 825C>T and GPIIIa PI(A) polymorphisms in enhanced platelet aggregation. Thrombosis research 24 12818251
2008 Effects of the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene on body adiposity and blood pressure in fertile and menopausal women: a population-based study. Journal of hypertension 23 18192837
2017 GNB3 and CREB1 gene polymorphisms combined with negative life events increase susceptibility to major depression in a Chinese Han population. PloS one 22 28225778
2016 Recessive Retinopathy Consequent on Mutant G-Protein β Subunit 3 (GNB3). JAMA ophthalmology 22 27281386
2008 Salt consumption-dependent association of the GNB3 gene polymorphism with type 2 DM. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 22 18656447
2008 Association of antipsychotic induced weight gain and body mass index with GNB3 gene: a meta-analysis. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 21 18793692
2016 Functional dyspepsia susceptibility is related to CD14, GNB3, MIF, and TRPV1 gene polymorphisms in the Greek population. Neurogastroenterology and motility 20 27430937
2011 Effects of C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene on availability of dopamine transporter in healthy volunteers--a SPECT study. NeuroImage 20 21371559
2007 The C allele of the GNB3 C825T polymorphism of the G protein beta3-subunit is associated with an increased risk for the development of oncocytic thyroid tumours. The Journal of pathology 20 17136758
2006 Hydrochlorothiazide efficacy and polymorphisms in ACE, ADD1 and GNB3 in healthy, male volunteers. European journal of clinical pharmacology 20 16450155
2005 GNB3 C825T polymorphism and response to interferon-alfa/ribavirin treatment in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV-1) infection. Journal of hepatology 20 16019105
2014 Influence of GNB3 C825T polymorphism on the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders 19 25451402
2010 C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene on valproate-related metabolic abnormalities in bipolar disorder patients. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology 19 20814328
2009 Hunger and mood during extended fasting are dependent on the GNB3 C825T polymorphism. Annals of nutrition & metabolism 19 19420911
2012 Failure to replicate influence of GRIK4 and GNB3 polymorphisms on treatment outcome in major depression. Neuropsychobiology 18 22222462
2012 The -308G/A of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and 825C/T of Guanidine Nucleotide Binding Protein 3 (GNB3) are associated with the onset of acute myocardial infarction and obesity in Taiwan. International journal of molecular sciences 18 22408428
2006 Impact of variation in ADRB2, ADRB3, and GNB3 genes on body mass index and waist circumference in a Brazilian population. American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council 18 16493638
2006 G-protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) gene polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease: the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. Atherosclerosis 18 16908025
2005 Insulin-mediated venodilation is impaired in young, healthy carriers of the 825T allele of the G-protein beta3 subunit gene (GNB3). Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 18 15961981
2000 G-protein beta3 subunit gene (GNB3) polymorphism 825C-->T in patients with hypertensive crisis. Critical care medicine 18 11008983
2014 GNB3 and FTO Polymorphisms and Pregnancy Weight Gain in Black Women. Biological research for nursing 17 25510251
2010 Genetic association study of the GNB3 C825T, the ACE I/D and the eNOS G894T polymorphisms and the risk to develop erectile dysfunction in a German ED population. Andrologia 17 20629643
2006 The angiotensin II receptor antagonist valsartan inhibits endothelin 1-induced vasoconstriction in the skin microcirculation in humans in vivo: influence of the G-protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) C825T polymorphism. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 17 16513451
2004 The 825C>T polymorphism of the G-protein beta-3 subunit gene (GNB3) and breast cancer. Cancer letters 17 15019160
2004 DNA polymorphisms in the tyrosine hydroxylase and GNB3 genes: association with unexpected death from acute myocardial infarction and increased heart weight. Forensic science international 17 16139102
2013 Interactions between the FTO and GNB3 genes contribute to varied clinical phenotypes in hypertension. PloS one 16 23691120
2007 Vasovagal syncope patients and the C825T GNB3 polymorphism. Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD = the Anatolian journal of cardiology 16 17584726
2014 Ablation of the GNB3 gene in mice does not affect body weight, metabolism or blood pressure, but causes bradycardia. Cellular signalling 15 25093805
2003 Venous response to nitroglycerin is enhanced in young, healthy carriers of the 825T allele of the G protein beta3 subunit gene (GNB3). Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 15 14586390
2016 Role of GNB3, NET, KCNJ11, TCF7L2 and GRL genes single nucleotide polymorphism in the risk prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 3 Biotech 14 28330327
2005 Different genotype distribution of the GNB3 C825T polymorphism of the G protein beta3 subunit in adenomas and differentiated thyroid carcinomas of follicular cell origin. The Journal of pathology 14 16178055
2004 GNB3 gene C825T and ACE gene I/D polymorphisms in essential hypertension in a Kazakh genetic isolate. Journal of human hypertension 14 15042113
2003 The CC genotype of the C825T polymorphism of the G protein beta3 gene (GNB3) is associated with a high relapse rate in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Leukemia & lymphoma 14 14692527
2019 Analysis of HCRTR2, GNB3, and ADH4 Gene Polymorphisms in a Southeastern European Caucasian Cluster Headache Population. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 13 31768945
2008 The associations among GNB3 C825T polymorphism, erectile dysfunction, and related risk factors. The journal of sexual medicine 13 18783529
2007 Distribution of the GNB3 825C>T polymorphism among Brazilians: impact of population structure. European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 18058092
2006 GNB3 C825T and ACE I/D polymorphisms on the sodium-proton exchanger and the prevalence of essential hypertension in males. Archives of medical research 12 16314202
2004 Effects of systemic endothelin A receptor antagonism in various vascular beds in men: in vivo interactions of the major blood pressure-regulating systems and associations with the GNB3 C825T polymorphism. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 12 15536455
2017 GNB3 overexpression causes obesity and metabolic syndrome. PloS one 11 29206867
2016 Genetic Analysis of BDNF, GNB3, MTHFR, ACE and APOE Variants in Major and Recurrent Depressive Disorders in Russia. International journal of medical sciences 11 27994504
2014 GNB3 gene 825 TT variant predicts hard coronary events in the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study. Atherosclerosis 11 25463071
2013 GNB3, eNOS, and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms correlate to natural longevity in a Xinjiang Uygur population. PloS one 11 24376503
2009 Association of GNB3 C825T polymorphism with peak oxygen consumption. International journal of sports medicine 11 19301222
2017 Analysis of SNPs of MC4R, GNB3 and FTO gene polymorphism in obese Saudi subjects. African health sciences 10 29937877
2014 Impact of GNB3-C825T, ADRB3-Trp64Arg, UCP2-3'UTR 45 bp del/ins, and PPARγ-Pro12Ala polymorphisms on Bofutsushosan response in obese subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of medicinal food 9 24827746
2014 Is gnb3 c825t polymorphism associated with elite status of polish athletes? Biology of sport 9 24917685
2012 The C825T GNB3 polymorphism, independent of blood pressure, predicts cerebrovascular risk at a population level. American journal of hypertension 9 22258330
2012 GNB3 C825T polymorphism is associated with postural tachycardia syndrome in children. Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society 9 22882749
2011 The D153del mutation in GNB3 gene causes tissue specific signalling patterns and an abnormal renal morphology in Rge chickens. PloS one 9 21887213
2007 The GNB3 C825T polymorphism affects response to HCV therapy with pegylated interferon in HCV/HIV co-infected but not in HCV mono-infected patients. Journal of hepatology 9 17559964
2006 Better identification of patients who benefit from implantable cardioverter defibrillators by genotyping the G protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) C825T polymorphism. Basic research in cardiology 9 16783490
2006 The GNB3 C825T polymorphism and depression among subjects with alcohol dependence. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 9 16897596
2016 A longitudinal study of the association between the GNB3 C825T polymorphism and metabolic disturbance in bipolar II patients treated with valproate. The pharmacogenomics journal 8 26856249
2014 Multivariate meta-analysis of the association of G-protein beta 3 gene (GNB3) haplotypes with cardiovascular phenotypes. Molecular biology reports 8 24477587
2011 Clinically silent adrenal adenomas - their relation to the metabolic syndrome and to GNB3 C825T gene polymorphism. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 8 21979884
2011 Association of GNB3 C825T polymorphism with plasma electrolyte balance and susceptibility to hypertension. Genetics and molecular biology 8 22215956
2010 Association of the GNB3 825T-allele with better survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 8 20145952
2022 The GNB3 c.825C>T (rs5443) polymorphism and protection against fatal outcome of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Frontiers in genetics 7 36017493
2016 Prediction of the Risk for Essential Hypertension among Carriers of C825T Genetic Polymorphism of G Protein β3 (GNB3) Gene. Biomarker insights 7 27226707
2012 The GNB3 C825T polymorphism influences platelet aggregation in human whole blood. Pharmacogenetics and genomics 7 22082654
2003 [Association between G-protein beta3 subunit (GNB(3)) gene C825T polymorphism, hypertension, insulin resistance and obesity]. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 7 12930636
2020 Lack of association between the GNB3 rs5443, HIF1A rs11549465 polymorphisms, physiological and functional characteristics. Annals of human genetics 6 32391916
2016 Synergistic Effects of ACE Insertion/Deletion and GNB3 C825T Polymorphisms on the Efficacy of PDE-5 Inhibitor in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension. Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases 6 26821322
2016 Association between GNB3 c.825C > T polymorphism and the risk of overweight and obesity: A meta-analysis. Meta gene 6 27114919
2013 Cognitive Functions across the GNB3 C825T Polymorphism in an Elderly Italian Population. Neurology research international 6 24251036
2009 GNB3 C825T polymorphism and elevated blood pressure. International journal of sports medicine 6 19885780
2005 GNB3 C825T polymorphism and response to anti-retroviral combination therapy in HIV-1-infected patients--a pilot study. European journal of medical research 6 16354603
2022 Association of miRNA targetome variants in LAMC1 and GNB3 genes with colorectal cancer and obesity. Cancer medicine 5 35373932
2022 Endothelium function biomarkers and carotid intima-media thickness changes in relation to NOS3 (rs2070744) and GNB3 (rs5443) genes polymorphism in the essential arterial hypertension. Endocrine regulations 5 35489051
2010 Polymorphisms in the GNB3 and ADD1 genes and blood pressure in a Chinese population. Human genetics 5 20473689