Affinage

FLRT2

Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein FLRT2 · UniProt O43155

Length
660 aa
Mass
74.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
26 papers in source corpus 20 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

FLRT2 is a glycosylated type I transmembrane protein with ten leucine-rich repeats and a fibronectin/collagen-like domain that functions as a shed repulsive ligand and adhesion molecule governing neuronal migration, vascular organization, and synaptic partner selection (PMID:10644439, PMID:21673655, PMID:28576770). Its ectodomain is cleaved from cells and binds the Unc5 family of receptors (Unc5B, Unc5C, Unc5D) to deliver repulsive guidance: shed FLRT2 repels Unc5D-positive neurons from the cortical plate, controls cortical interneuron laminar positioning together with FLRT3, and directs rejection of inappropriate synaptic partners in the retina, where Unc5 binding antagonizes FLRT2-mediated adhesion to eliminate misguided dendrites (PMID:21673655, PMID:34301831, PMID:37557174). In the vasculature, FLRT2 acts in endothelial cells to organize feto-maternal circulation through UNC5B-mediated repulsion and forms noncanonical homophilic interendothelial adhesions—stabilized by cis-dimerization through transmembrane Small-X3-Small motifs—that protect against oxidative stress; it also interacts with VE-cadherin and the adaptor Numb to remodel adherens junctions and shape blood-brain barrier development (PMID:28576770, PMID:35104247, PMID:35700726, PMID:39609404). FLRT2 positively regulates FGF/ERK signaling through direct extracellular and intracellular interaction with FGFR2 (PMID:21765038), prevents endothelial senescence by associating with ITGB4 and engaging the mTORC2/AKT/p53 pathway (PMID:38587072), and promotes osteoclast multinucleation by driving RANKL-induced Rac1 activation (PMID:31383250). FLRT2 acts as a tumor suppressor in several epithelial cancers, restraining proliferation and migration (PMID:28325946), and in bladder cancer it elevates ACSL4 to drive ferroptosis (PMID:37480224); its protein levels are controlled by NEDD4-mediated ubiquitination and degradation (PMID:39444619). In macrophages, FLRT2 suppresses ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux by inhibiting USP22-mediated deubiquitination of ABCA1, promoting foam cell formation and atherosclerotic plaque burden (PMID:42174129).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 20 steps
  1. 1999 Medium

    Established FLRT2 as a discrete protein, defining the domain architecture that would later explain its dual roles as a ligand and adhesion molecule.

    Evidence Heterologous expression in SF9 and COS-1 cells with SDS-PAGE and glycosylation analysis

    PMID:10644439

    Open questions at the time
    • No function assigned at this stage
    • No binding partners identified
    • Cleavage/shedding not yet demonstrated
  2. 2011 High

    Showed FLRT2 ectodomains are shed and act as a repulsive ligand for Unc5D, answering how FLRT2 guides neuronal migration non-cell-autonomously.

    Evidence Binding assays and reciprocal mouse genetics (FLRT2 and Unc5D knockouts) with cortical migration analysis

    PMID:21673655

    Open questions at the time
    • Protease responsible for shedding not identified
    • Downstream signaling in Unc5D neurons not dissected
  3. 2011 High

    Defined an essential developmental requirement for FLRT2 in epicardial integrity and basement membrane organization, with FLRT3 functional interchangeability.

    Evidence Knockout mouse phenotyping plus in vitro and in vivo reconstitution assays

    PMID:21350012

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular receptor/partner mediating epicardial adhesion not defined here
    • Relationship to Unc5 repulsion unclear
  4. 2011 High

    Linked FLRT2 to growth factor signaling by showing direct extracellular and intracellular interaction with FGFR2 and positive feedback on ERK activation.

    Evidence Co-IP from craniofacial tissue, GST pulldown, yeast two-hybrid, knockdown/overexpression with ERK phosphorylation readout

    PMID:21765038

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of FGFR2 binding not resolved
    • Whether this operates in cis or via shed ectodomain unclear
  5. 2011 Medium

    Demonstrated FLRT2 controls proliferation versus adhesion balance in chondroprogenitors, inversely regulating N-cadherin.

    Evidence shRNA/overexpression in ATDC5 cells with proliferation, PNA staining, N-cadherin Western blot and wound healing assays

    PMID:21769912

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking FLRT2 to N-cadherin not defined
    • Receptor not identified
  6. 2014 Medium

    Placed FLRT2 in the extracellular matrix in association with fibronectin, supporting both membrane-bound and shed/cleaved pools.

    Evidence Immunolocalization, Co-IP, fibronectin blocking peptide and domain-specific Western blots in ATDC5 cells

    PMID:24585683

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of fibronectin association not established
    • Cleavage mechanism not defined
  7. 2017 High

    Extended FLRT2 repulsion to the vasculature, showing endothelial FLRT2-UNC5B signaling organizes placental endothelial alignment and is essential for embryonic circulation.

    Evidence Endothelial-specific conditional knockout mouse with histology and UNC5B binding assay

    PMID:28576770

    Open questions at the time
    • Intracellular signaling downstream of endothelial repulsion not defined
  8. 2017 Medium

    Identified FLRT2 as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, restraining proliferation, migration, and collagen adhesion.

    Evidence Bidirectional knockdown/overexpression with proliferation, migration, colony, and adhesion assays plus pathway analysis

    PMID:28325946

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mediator of tumor suppression not identified
    • In vivo validation absent in this study
  9. 2018 Medium

    Revealed sex-specific roles for FLRT2 in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory, with estrogen receptor and glutamate transporter correlates.

    Evidence FLRT2+/- mice with behavioral testing, LTP electrophysiology, and Western blots for EAAT2 and estrogen receptors

    PMID:29487336

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal link between FLRT2 and EAAT2/estrogen receptor changes not established
    • Receptor mediating synaptic effect unknown
  10. 2019 Medium

    Showed FLRT2 promotes osteoclast multinucleation downstream of RANKL by activating Rac1 and modulating Netrin1-Unc5B interaction.

    Evidence FLRT2-deficient osteoclast differentiation with Unc5B RNAi rescue, Netrin1 treatment, and Rac1 activation assay

    PMID:31383250

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct link from Unc5B to Rac1 not fully resolved
    • In vivo bone phenotype not established here
  11. 2021 High

    Demonstrated FLRT2/FLRT3 act as chemorepellents controlling cortical interneuron migration and laminar positioning via Unc5B/Unc5D.

    Evidence FLRT2/FLRT3 double conditional knockout with in vitro repulsion assay and Unc5B/Unc5D double knockout epistasis

    PMID:34301831

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contributions of FLRT2 versus FLRT3 not separated
    • Receptor-bearing cell signaling not dissected
  12. 2021 Medium

    Localized adult FLRT2 to CA1 pre- and post-synapses and showed injury-induced upregulation in reactive astrocytes.

    Evidence Flrt2-LacZ knock-in reporter mice, X-gal histochemistry, synaptic fractionation, and spinal cord injury model

    PMID:34744626

    Open questions at the time
    • Synaptic function of CA1 FLRT2 not directly tested
    • Role of injury-induced astrocytic FLRT2 unknown
  13. 2022 High

    Established that FLRT2 forms noncanonical homophilic interendothelial adhesions protecting against oxidative stress, with therapeutic relevance to tumor vessel pruning.

    Evidence Endothelial-specific Flrt2 deletion in tumor models with homophilic binding and metabolic analyses

    PMID:35104247

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis coupling homophilic adhesion to oxidative stress protection not fully defined
  14. 2022 High

    Defined the structural mechanism of FLRT2 cis-dimerization through transmembrane Small-X3-Small motifs synergizing with an extracellular motif.

    Evidence Molecular dynamics simulations validated by single particle tracking and transmembrane motif mutagenesis

    PMID:35700726

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of cis-dimerization for ligand/adhesion activity not directly tested
  15. 2023 High

    Showed FLRT2-UNC5C/D transcellular signaling mediates synaptic partner rejection in the retina, with UNC5 antagonizing FLRT2 adhesion to eliminate misguided dendrites.

    Evidence In vivo FLRT2 knockout and UNC5C misexpression with retinal imaging and synapse analysis

    PMID:37557174

    Open questions at the time
    • Intracellular effectors of dendrite elimination not identified
  16. 2023 Medium

    Connected FLRT2 tumor suppression in bladder cancer to ferroptosis via ACSL4 elevation and lipid peroxidation.

    Evidence FLRT2 overexpression/silencing with ACSL4 expression, lipid peroxidation, and viability/migration/invasion assays

    PMID:37480224

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking FLRT2 to ACSL4 regulation not defined
    • Receptor dependence not tested
  17. 2024 High

    Identified FLRT2-ITGB4 association and mTORC2/AKT/p53 signaling as the pathway by which FLRT2 prevents endothelial senescence.

    Evidence Co-IP, ITGB4 inhibition, FLRT2 knockdown in endothelial cells, and a mouse vascular aging model with rescue

    PMID:38587072

    Open questions at the time
    • How ITGB4 phosphorylation activates mTORC2 not resolved
  18. 2024 High

    Revealed FLRT2 interaction with VE-cadherin and Numb shapes adherens/tight junction crosstalk and blood-brain barrier development.

    Evidence Early postnatal endothelial Flrt2 deletion with Co-IP, expansion microscopy, and BBB integrity assays

    PMID:39609404

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of Numb-dependent junction remodeling not fully dissected
  19. 2024 Medium

    Established that NEDD4 ubiquitinates and degrades FLRT2, defining post-translational control of FLRT2 tumor-suppressive activity.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, NEDD4 overexpression rescue, and xenograft model in NSCLC

    PMID:39444619

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitination site on FLRT2 not mapped
    • Upstream regulation of NEDD4 not addressed
  20. 2026 High

    Defined a FLRT2-USP22-ABCA1 axis whereby FLRT2 suppresses cholesterol efflux to promote macrophage foam cell formation and atherosclerosis.

    Evidence Macrophage-specific Flrt2 knockout, ABCA1 ubiquitination and USP22 functional assays, cholesterol efflux assays, and atherosclerosis mouse models

    PMID:42174129

    Open questions at the time
    • How membrane FLRT2 communicates with cytoplasmic USP22/ABCA1 machinery not resolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How FLRT2's distinct activities—Unc5-mediated repulsion, homophilic and VE-cadherin adhesion, FGFR2/ITGB4 signaling, and intracellular ubiquitination control of ABCA1—are integrated within a single cell and which protease governs ectodomain shedding remain open.
  • Sheddase identity unknown
  • No unified structural model of ligand versus adhesion states
  • Tissue-specific selection among partners undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005576 extracellular region 2 GO:0031012 extracellular matrix 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-1474244 Extracellular matrix organization 2 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 2
Partners
FGFR2FLRT3ITGB4NEDD4UNC5BUNC5CUNC5DVE-CADHERIN

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1999 FLRT1 and FLRT2 are glycosylated type I transmembrane proteins migrating at 90 and 85 kDa respectively, containing 10 leucine-rich repeats, flanking cysteine-rich regions, a fibronectin/collagen-like domain, and an intracellular tail, as demonstrated by expression in SF9 and COS-1 cells. Heterologous expression in SF9 and COS-1 cells, SDS-PAGE, glycosylation analysis Genomics Medium 10644439
2011 FLRT2 ectodomains (ECDs) are shed from neurons and act as repulsive guidance molecules for Unc5D-positive neurons. FLRT2 binds specifically to Unc5D receptor. During neocortical development, shed FLRT2 ECD repels SVZ neurons (which express Unc5D) from the FLRT2-expressing cortical plate, modulating cortical neuron migration. Deletion of FLRT2 or Unc5D causes premature migration of SVZ-derived neurons toward the cortical plate. Binding assays, mouse genetics (conditional knockout, overexpression), in vivo cortical neuron migration analysis The EMBO journal High 21673655
2011 FLRT2 is required in the epicardium for heart morphogenesis; Flrt2-null mouse embryos arrest at mid-gestation with cardiac insufficiency, defects in epicardial sheet integrity, and disrupted basement membrane organization. In vitro and in vivo reconstitution assays show FLRT2 and FLRT3 are functionally interchangeable in maintaining cell-cell contacts. Gene targeting (knockout mouse), in vitro reconstitution, in vivo reconstitution assay Development (Cambridge, England) High 21350012
2011 FLRT2 physically interacts with FGFR2 both extracellularly (via FLRT2 leucine-rich repeat domain) and intracellularly (via FLRT2 C-tail domain). FLRT2 knockdown or overexpression causes concomitant decrease or increase in FGFR2 protein, mRNA, and ERK phosphorylation levels, indicating FLRT2 positively regulates FGF signaling in a feedback loop. Co-immunoprecipitation with embryonic craniofacial tissue lysates, GST pulldown, yeast two-hybrid, stable shRNA knockdown and cDNA overexpression with Western blot and ERK phosphorylation assay Journal of dental research High 21765038
2011 FLRT2 promotes cellular proliferation and inhibits cell-cell adhesion during early chondrogenesis. Knockdown of FLRT2 in ATDC5 cells slows proliferation, increases N-cadherin expression, and increases PNA-positive aggregates; overexpression has opposite effects. FLRT2 knockdown also reduces cell migration in wound healing assay. Stable transfection (shRNA knockdown and cDNA overexpression), proliferation assay, lectin PNA staining, N-cadherin Western blot, wound healing assay, Alcian blue staining Journal of cellular biochemistry Medium 21769912
2014 FLRT2 is present on the cell membrane and in the extracellular matrix of ATDC5 chondroprogenitor cells, where it co-localizes and co-immunoprecipitates with fibronectin. Extracellular FLRT2 accumulation depends on fibronectin fibril formation. Western blot with antibodies to extra- and intracellular domains reveals multiple size bands, suggesting FLRT2 exists in both membrane-bound and shed/cleaved forms. Immunolocalization, co-immunoprecipitation, fibronectin blocking peptide experiment, Western blot with domain-specific antibodies Journal of cellular physiology Medium 24585683
2017 FLRT2 is expressed in endothelial cells of the placental labyrinth. Endothelial cell-specific deletion of FLRT2 in mice causes embryonic lethality with aberrant endothelial alignment and disrupted feto-maternal circulation, mediated through endothelial repulsion via binding to the UNC5B receptor. Conditional endothelial knockout mouse, embryonic lethality analysis, histological analysis of placental labyrinth, UNC5B binding assay Development (Cambridge, England) High 28576770
2017 FLRT2 overexpression inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and migration, while knockdown increases them. FLRT2 overexpression significantly decreases cell adhesion on collagen I-coated plates. Pathway analysis identifies 'cellular growth and proliferation/Cancer' as the top affected pathway. shRNA knockdown, cDNA overexpression, proliferation assay, migration assay, colony formation assay, adhesion assay, pathway analysis Scientific reports Medium 28325946
2018 FLRT2 haplodeficiency in female mice enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial memory recall, accompanied by decreased EAAT2 (glutamate transporter) levels and decreased beta estrogen receptor levels. Male FLRT2+/- mice show deficient memory recall and decreased alpha estrogen receptor levels. FLRT2+/- knockout mice, in vivo behavioral testing, electrophysiology (LTP), Western blot for EAAT2 and estrogen receptors Scientific reports Medium 29487336
2019 FLRT2 regulates osteoclast multinucleation. FLRT2 expression is induced by RANKL in osteoclast precursors. FLRT2 deficiency reduces hyper-multinucleation, rescued by Unc5B knockdown. FLRT2 promotes Rac1 activation downstream of RANKL; Flrt2-deficient cells show attenuated RANKL-induced Rac1 activation. FLRT2 interferes with Netrin1-Unc5B interaction to modulate multinucleation. FLRT2-deficient osteoclast differentiation assay, Unc5B RNAi rescue, Netrin1 treatment, Rac1 activation assay BMB reports Medium 31383250
2021 FLRT2 and FLRT3 double deletion in mice causes abnormal distribution of cortical interneurons within tangential migratory streams during development, affecting somatostatin+ interneuron laminar positioning postnatally. FLRT2/FLRT3 act non-cell-autonomously as chemorepellents for interneurons in vitro, partly through Unc5B/Unc5D receptors (double Unc5B/Unc5D knockout phenocopies the FLRT double knockout). FLRT2/FLRT3 double conditional knockout mice, interneuron migration in vitro repulsion assay, Unc5B/Unc5D double knockout genetic epistasis The Journal of neuroscience High 34301831
2021 In the adult hippocampus, FLRT2 expression is confined to CA1 and is partly localized on pre- and post-synapses, as shown by Flrt2-LacZ knock-in reporter mice and subcellular fractionation. After spinal cord injury, FLRT2 is transiently upregulated in reactive astrocytes around lesion sites at 7 days post-injury. Flrt2-LacZ knock-in mice, X-gal histochemistry, subcellular synaptic fractionation, spinal cord injury model Frontiers in molecular neuroscience Medium 34744626
2022 FLRT2 forms noncanonical interendothelial adhesions through homophilic binding, safeguarding against oxidative stress. In tumor vasculature, endothelial FLRT2 deletion selectively prunes abnormalized vessels, creating 'oxygen-glucose uncoupling' that suppresses tumor metastasis and increases antitumor effects of immune checkpoint blockers. Endothelial cell-specific Flrt2 deletion in mice, tumor models, homophilic binding assays, metabolic analysis The Journal of clinical investigation High 35104247
2022 FLRT2 dimerizes in cis (on the same cell) via two Small-X3-Small motifs in its transmembrane helix, which synergize with a third dimerization motif in the extracellular domain. This cis dimerization was demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations and validated by single particle tracking showing co-diffusion of FLRT2 receptors on live cells. Molecular dynamics simulations, single particle tracking (SPT) live cell imaging, transmembrane motif mutagenesis Structure (London, England : 1993) High 35700726
2023 In the mouse retina, FLRT2 is expressed by direction-selective (DS) circuit neurons and mediates rejection of inappropriate synaptic partners via transcellular FLRT2-UNC5C/D signaling. UNC5C/D are expressed by non-DS neurons projecting to adjacent IPL sublayers. FLRT2-UNC5 binding eliminates misguided DS dendrites; loss of FLRT2-UNC5 binding allows mistargeted dendrites to elaborate and acquire inappropriate synapses. UNC5s promote dendrite elimination by interfering with FLRT2-mediated adhesion. In vivo gain- and loss-of-function (FLRT2 knockout, UNC5C misexpression), retinal imaging, synapse analysis Developmental cell High 37557174
2023 FLRT2 elevates ACSL4 expression, increases lipid peroxidation, and subsequently facilitates ferroptosis in bladder cancer cells, thereby inhibiting tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion. FLRT2 overexpression and silencing in bladder cancer cells, ACSL4 expression assay, lipid peroxidation assay, cell viability/migration/invasion assays Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Medium 37480224
2024 FLRT2 directly associates with integrin subunit beta 4 (ITGB4) and promotes ITGB4 phosphorylation; inhibition of ITGB4 substantially mitigates the induction of endothelial senescence triggered by FLRT2 depletion. FLRT2 prevents endothelial senescence through the mTORC2/AKT/p53 signaling pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation (FLRT2-ITGB4 interaction), ITGB4 inhibition, FLRT2 knockdown in endothelial cells, Western blot for mTORC2/AKT/p53 pathway, mouse vascular aging model JCI insight High 38587072
2024 FLRT2 interacts with VE-cadherin in endothelial cells of the CNS vasculature; together with the endocytic adaptor Numb, FLRT2 modulates adherens junction morphology. FLRT2 in cortical vessels also regulates crosstalk between adherens and tight junctions, influencing blood-brain barrier development. FLRT2 deletion in endothelial cells specifically impairs retinal vein-driven endothelial proliferation, sprouting, and polarity. Conditional endothelial FLRT2 deletion (early postnatal), co-immunoprecipitation (FLRT2-VE-cadherin), expansion microscopy for junction morphology, BBB integrity assays Nature communications High 39609404
2024 FLRT2 protein is ubiquitinated and degraded by the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 in NSCLC cells. NEDD4 overexpression abolishes the tumor-suppressive effects of FLRT2 on cancer cell stemness, proliferation, and drug resistance in vitro and in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation (NEDD4-FLRT2), ubiquitination assay, NEDD4 overexpression rescue experiment, xenograft mouse model Frontiers in pharmacology Medium 39444619
2026 FLRT2 promotes foam cell formation in macrophages by suppressing ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux at the post-transcriptional level. Mechanistically, FLRT2 enhances ABCA1 ubiquitin-proteasome degradation by inhibiting USP22-mediated deubiquitination, defining a FLRT2-USP22-ABCA1 axis. Macrophage-specific Flrt2 deletion reduces atherosclerotic plaque burden in multiple mouse models. Macrophage-specific Flrt2 conditional knockout mice, adenovirus-mediated FLRT2 overexpression, ABCA1 ubiquitination assay, USP22 interaction/functional assay, cholesterol efflux assay, atherosclerosis mouse models Acta pharmacologica Sinica High 42174129

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 26 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2011 FLRT2 and FLRT3 act as repulsive guidance cues for Unc5-positive neurons. The EMBO journal 123 21673655
1999 Identification of FLRT1, FLRT2, and FLRT3: a novel family of transmembrane leucine-rich repeat proteins. Genomics 103 10644439
2011 The fibronectin leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein Flrt2 is required in the epicardium to promote heart morphogenesis. Development (Cambridge, England) 43 21350012
2016 Methylation profiling identified novel differentially methylated markers including OPCML and FLRT2 in prostate cancer. Epigenetics 40 26890304
2017 Placental labyrinth formation in mice requires endothelial FLRT2/UNC5B signaling. Development (Cambridge, England) 29 28576770
2017 Epigenetically regulated Fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein 2 (FLRT2) shows tumor suppressor activity in breast cancer cells. Scientific reports 27 28325946
2009 Flrt2 and Flrt3 have overlapping and non-overlapping expression during craniofacial development. Gene expression patterns : GEP 26 19635589
2011 Mouse FLRT2 interacts with the extracellular and intracellular regions of FGFR2. Journal of dental research 22 21765038
2022 Tumor-specific interendothelial adhesion mediated by FLRT2 facilitates cancer aggressiveness. The Journal of clinical investigation 21 35104247
2011 FLRT2 promotes cellular proliferation and inhibits cell adhesion during chondrogenesis. Journal of cellular biochemistry 19 21769912
2021 FLRT2 and FLRT3 Cooperate in Maintaining the Tangential Migratory Streams of Cortical Interneurons during Development. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 17 34301831
2023 FLRT2 suppresses bladder cancer progression through inducing ferroptosis. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 14 37480224
2020 FLRT2 functions as Tumor Suppressor gene inactivated by promoter methylation in Colorectal Cancer. Journal of Cancer 14 33193897
2018 Enhanced synaptic plasticity and spatial memory in female but not male FLRT2-haplodeficient mice. Scientific reports 13 29487336
2014 FLRT2 interacts with fibronectin in the ATDC5 chondroprogenitor cells. Journal of cellular physiology 13 24585683
2022 The guidance and adhesion protein FLRT2 dimerizes in cis via dual small-X3-small transmembrane motifs. Structure (London, England : 1993) 11 35700726
2024 FLRT2 prevents endothelial cell senescence and vascular aging by regulating the ITGB4/mTORC2/p53 signaling pathway. JCI insight 10 38587072
2023 Rejection of inappropriate synaptic partners in mouse retina mediated by transcellular FLRT2-UNC5 signaling. Developmental cell 8 37557174
2021 Expression of FLRT2 in Postnatal Central Nervous System Development and After Spinal Cord Injury. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 8 34744626
2019 Flrt2 is involved in fine-tuning of osteoclast multinucleation. BMB reports 7 31383250
2023 LncRNA ZFAS1 protects chondrocytes from IL-1β-induced apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation via regulating miR-7-5p/FLRT2 axis. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research 6 37098630
2024 Vascular FLRT2 regulates venous-mediated angiogenic expansion and CNS barriergenesis. Nature communications 4 39609404
2024 FLRT2 mediates chondrogenesis of nasal septal cartilage and mandibular condyle cartilage. Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) 3 38584835
2023 Loss of flrt2 gene leads to microphthalmia in zebrafish. Biology open 2 37259881
2024 The NEDD4/FLRT2 axis regulates NSCLC cell stemness. Frontiers in pharmacology 1 39444619
2026 FLRT2 promotes foam cell formation and atherosclerosis by inhibiting USP22-mediated ABCA1 deubiquitination. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 0 42174129

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