Affinage

FGF5

Fibroblast growth factor 5 · UniProt P12034

Length
268 aa
Mass
29.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
94 papers in source corpus 24 papers cited in narrative 24 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

FGF5 is a secreted fibroblast growth factor that functions as a key negative regulator of the hair growth cycle by promoting the anagen-to-catagen transition, with loss-of-function mutations causing abnormally long hair in mice and familial trichomegaly in humans (PMID:7923352, PMID:24989505). FGF5 signals predominantly through the FGFR1 IIIc splice variant to activate MAPK and AKT pathways, driving proliferation and survival in diverse cell types including glioblastoma cells, osteosarcoma cells, cardiomyocytes, and endothelial cells (PMID:11876253, PMID:18362893, PMID:31372048, PMID:36244113). An alternatively spliced short isoform (FGF5S), lacking exon 2, acts as a partial agonist/antagonist that competes with full-length FGF5 for FGFR1 binding and antagonizes its catagen-promoting and neurotrophic activities (PMID:9786939, PMID:10692103). Beyond hair and proliferative signaling, FGF5 regulates astroglial GFAP expression and blood–brain barrier integrity, stimulates connective-tissue fibroblast expansion while suppressing myogenesis, and is induced in Schwann cells after peripheral nerve injury where it promotes migration via N-cadherin upregulation (PMID:12878680, PMID:11066093, PMID:32848626).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1988 High

    Identification of FGF5 as a secreted FGF family member and transforming oncogene established the gene's molecular identity and its capacity to drive mitogenic signaling.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, sequence homology analysis, and NIH 3T3 transformation assay following retroviral enhancer activation

    PMID:3211147

    Open questions at the time
    • Endogenous physiological function unknown
    • Receptor specificity not determined
    • No in vivo loss-of-function data
  2. 1994 High

    Gene knockout and spontaneous angora mutation demonstrated that FGF5 is a physiological inhibitor of the anagen phase of the hair cycle, resolving its primary in vivo function.

    Evidence Targeted null allele (fgf5neo) and complementation with spontaneous angora (go) mutation in mice; in situ hybridization localizing expression to outer root sheath

    PMID:7923352

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor mediating the hair cycle effect not identified
    • Mechanism of catagen induction unknown
    • No human genetic confirmation yet
  3. 1996 Medium

    Discovery of the alternatively spliced short isoform (FGF5S) lacking exon 2 revealed a second gene product with potential distinct function, raising the question of how two isoforms coordinate activity.

    Evidence cDNA cloning and genomic sequencing of rat FGF-5S; Northern blot expression in embryonic and adult brain

    PMID:8611621

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional activity of FGF5S not yet tested
    • Receptor binding properties of FGF5S unknown
    • Relative expression levels of isoforms in hair follicle undefined
  4. 1998 High

    Biochemical characterization showed FGF5S acts as a partial agonist/antagonist at FGFR1, competing with full-length FGF5 for receptor binding and partially blocking its signaling — establishing the mechanistic basis for isoform-level regulation.

    Evidence FGFR-1 phosphorylation assays, receptor binding competition, and PC12 differentiation assays

    PMID:9786939

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of partial agonism not resolved
    • Relative in vivo stoichiometry of isoforms at follicles not quantified
  5. 1998 Medium

    Isoform-specific immunolocalization in skin and vectorial basolateral secretion from RPE cells established that FGF5 isoforms occupy distinct tissue compartments and exhibit polarized secretion, informing how directional signaling is achieved.

    Evidence Isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies on rat skin sections across hair cycle; adenovirus-mediated FGF5 expression in polarized ARPE-19 monolayers with domain-selective secretion analysis

    PMID:9856785 PMID:9856803

    Open questions at the time
    • Basolateral sorting signal in FGF5 not mapped
    • RPE-specific receptor target not identified
    • Differentiation-specific silencer element in FGF5 promoter characterized only in vitro
  6. 2000 Medium

    In vivo protein administration confirmed that FGF5 promotes catagen while FGF5S antagonizes this effect, and separately, FGF5 was shown to stimulate connective-tissue fibroblast proliferation while inhibiting skeletal myogenesis — broadening FGF5's roles beyond hair.

    Evidence Subcutaneous injection of FGF5/FGF5S in depilated mice; retroviral FGF5 misexpression in chick limb with BrdU, MyoD, and tenascin analysis

    PMID:10692103 PMID:11066093

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream transcriptional targets mediating catagen induction not identified
    • Mechanism of myogenesis inhibition (direct vs. indirect via connective tissue expansion) not resolved
  7. 2001 Medium

    Receptor reconstitution experiments identified FGFR1 IIIc as the functional receptor for FGF5 mitogenic signaling via the MAPK pathway, and FGF5 was shown to be regulated by axon-Schwann cell contact after nerve injury.

    Evidence FGFR-1 IIIc cDNA transfection in TAKA-1 cells with MAPK inhibitor PD98059; axotomy model with Northern blot, in situ hybridization, and forskolin treatment of Schwann cells

    PMID:11598998 PMID:11876253

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether FGFR1 IIIc is the sole receptor in hair follicle not confirmed
    • Schwann cell functional consequence of FGF5 induction not yet characterized
  8. 2003 High

    FGF5 was established as a regulator of astroglial GFAP expression and blood-brain barrier integrity through double-knockout mouse studies, revealing a CNS function beyond its known hair cycle role.

    Evidence FGF-5−/− and FGF-2−/−/FGF-5−/− double mutant mice; immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, albumin extravasation assay

    PMID:12878680

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs. indirect effect on tight junction proteins not distinguished
    • Whether FGF5's BBB role operates through FGFR1 IIIc not tested
    • Redundancy with other FGFs beyond FGF2 not explored
  9. 2008 Medium

    FGF5 was shown to act as an autocrine/paracrine oncogenic factor in glioblastoma, co-overexpressed with FGFR1 IIIc, promoting tumor cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis — linking its mitogenic activity to cancer biology.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, dominant-negative FGFR1 IIIc, pharmacological FGFR inhibitors, HUVEC angiogenesis assays

    PMID:18362893

    Open questions at the time
    • Contribution of FGF5 vs. other FGFs to glioblastoma growth in vivo not isolated
    • Patient outcome correlation not established
  10. 2014 High

    Human genetic evidence confirmed FGF5 as a causal regulator of hair length in humans, with loss-of-function mutations causing familial trichomegaly and FGF5 protein directly inducing hair follicle regression in organ culture.

    Evidence Whole exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping in trichomegaly families; human hair follicle organ culture treated with FGF5

    PMID:24989505

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific FGFR mediating catagen in human follicles not identified
    • Genotype-phenotype correlation across different mutations not fully mapped
  11. 2019 Medium

    CRISPR knockout confirmed FGF5 promotes osteosarcoma proliferation through the MAPK pathway, extending its role as a mitogenic driver to bone malignancy.

    Evidence CRISPR/Cas9 FGF5 knockout, recombinant FGF5 rescue, Western blot for MAPK components, xenograft model

    PMID:31372048

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether FGF5 acts via FGFR1 IIIc in osteosarcoma not directly tested
    • Therapeutic relevance of FGF5 targeting in bone tumors not assessed
  12. 2020 Medium

    Downstream pathway analysis in FGF5-knockout sheep revealed FGF5/FGFR1 activates androgen/AR and Wnt/β-catenin cascades to regulate hair follicle density, and separately, FGF5 was shown to promote Schwann cell migration via N-cadherin upregulation after nerve injury.

    Evidence CRISPR/Cas9 FGF5 KO in Dorper sheep with pathway analysis; FGF5 treatment of primary rat Schwann cells with ERK1/2 phosphorylation and N-cadherin expression analysis

    PMID:32472005 PMID:32848626

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding of FGF5 to AR or β-catenin pathway components not shown
    • Whether ERK inhibition in Schwann cells is FGFR1-dependent not confirmed
    • Cross-species conservation of downstream hair follicle cascades not validated
  13. 2022 Medium

    FGF5 overexpression was shown to protect cardiomyocytes and pulmonary endothelial cells from pyroptosis through CaMKII/NFκB inhibition and AKT activation respectively, revealing anti-inflammatory cytoprotective roles.

    Evidence Adenoviral FGF5 overexpression in LPS-treated mice and cells; pharmacological inhibitors KN93 (CaMKII) and MK2206 (AKT) for pathway confirmation

    PMID:36244113 PMID:36368152

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether endogenous FGF5 levels are physiologically relevant for cardioprotection unknown
    • Receptor mediating these effects not identified
    • Mechanism linking FGF5 to CaMKII inhibition not elucidated

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The structural basis for FGF5S partial agonism at FGFR1, the identity of the specific FGFR mediating catagen induction in human hair follicles, and whether FGF5's cytoprotective effects in heart and lung reflect a physiological autocrine role remain unresolved.
  • No crystal structure of FGF5–FGFR1 complex
  • Physiological relevance of FGF5 in cardiac and pulmonary injury not confirmed with loss-of-function models
  • Transcriptional program downstream of FGF5 in hair follicle catagen transition not comprehensively defined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 6 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 3
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 7 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 2
Partners
CDH2FGF2FGFR1

Evidence

Reading pass · 24 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1994 FGF5 is expressed in the outer root sheath of hair follicles during the anagen VI phase of the hair growth cycle, and loss-of-function mutations (targeted null allele fgf5neo and spontaneous angora go allele) cause abnormally long hair, demonstrating that FGF5 functions as an inhibitor of hair elongation and regulates the anagen-to-catagen transition. Gene targeting in ES cells (knockout mice), spontaneous mutation complementation test, in situ hybridization for localization Cell High 7923352
1988 FGF5 encodes a secreted growth factor protein with two regions sharing 40–50% homology with acidic and basic FGFs, and the gene has three exons typical of the FGF family; it was identified as a transforming oncogene activated by retrovirus enhancer juxtaposition upstream of the native promoter. cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, NIH 3T3 transformation assay, Northern blotting in neonatal brain and tumor cell lines Molecular and cellular biology High 3211147
2000 FGF5 (long form) promotes the anagen-to-catagen transition by inhibiting hair growth, while the alternatively spliced short form FGF5S (lacking exon 2) acts as a partial antagonist of FGF5 by suppressing its catagen-promoting activity when both are co-administered in vivo. Subcutaneous injection of FGF5 and/or FGF5S protein into depilated mice, histological and morphological analysis of hair follicle phase The Journal of investigative dermatology High 10692103
1998 The alternatively spliced FGF-5S mRNA (lacking exon 2) encodes a 123-amino acid protein that acts as a partial agonist/antagonist of FGF-5 neurotrophic activity in the brain; FGF-5S protein binds FGFR-1 on PC12 cells, partially inhibits FGF-5-induced FGFR-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, but also induces weak phosphorylation by itself, and co-expression with FGF-5 prevents FGF-5-induced differentiation. cDNA cloning of human and mouse FGF-5S, PC12 cell differentiation assays, FGFR-1 phosphorylation assays, receptor binding competition The Journal of biological chemistry High 9786939
1996 The rat FGF-5 gene generates a short-form mRNA variant (FGF-5S) by alternative splicing that excludes exon 2, encoding a truncated 121-amino acid protein with an N-terminal sequence identical to the first 117 residues of FGF-5; both mRNAs are expressed in embryo and adult brain. cDNA cloning and genomic sequencing of rat FGF-5 and variant, Northern blotting Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 8611621
1998 FGF5 protein in rat skin is expressed in two compartments: FGF5S is present in hair follicles (detected by antibody reactive with both forms), is hair-cycle dependent (increasing in early anagen VI and decreasing in catagen), while FGF5 long-form is found in macrophage-like cells in the dermis whose density correlates with hair cycle stage. Immunohistochemistry with isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies on rat skin sections across hair cycle stages The Journal of investigative dermatology Medium 9856803
2001 FGF-5 mediates mitogenic signaling through the IIIc splice variant of FGFR-1; TAKA-1 pancreatic ductal cells that secrete FGF-5 but lack FGFR-1 are unresponsive to exogenous FGF-5, but when FGFR-1 IIIc is expressed, FGF-5 stimulates cell growth via the MAPK pathway (blocked by PD98059). FGFR-1 IIIc cDNA expression in TAKA-1 cells, cell proliferation assays, MAPK activity measurement, pharmacological inhibition International journal of pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology Medium 11876253
1998 FGF5 is vectorially secreted from the basolateral surface of polarized RPE (ARPE-19) cells; over 90% of secreted FGF5 accumulates in the basolateral medium within 6 hours, as demonstrated by domain-selective secretion analysis after adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. Adenovirus-mediated FGF5 expression in polarized ARPE-19 monolayers, immunoblot analysis of conditioned apical vs. basolateral media Investigative ophthalmology & visual science Medium 9856785
2003 Endogenous FGF-2 and FGF-5 regulate GFAP expression in astrocytes in a region-specific manner in vivo; FGF-5 deficiency reduces GFAP specifically in the midbrain tegmentum, and FGF-2/FGF-5 double knockout leads to broader GFAP reduction accompanied by reduced intermediate filaments in perivascular astroglial endfeet and enhanced blood-brain barrier permeability. Single and double mutant mouse analysis, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, albumin extravasation assay, tight junction protein (Occludin, ZO-1) Western blotting; FGF-5-/- mice and FGF-2-/-/FGF-5-/- double mutant mice The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience High 12878680
2000 FGF5 overexpression in developing chick limb mesenchyme stimulates proliferation and expansion of tenascin-expressing connective-tissue fibroblasts (perichondrium) via mitogenic activity, while simultaneously inhibiting skeletal muscle development by reducing MyoD- and myosin heavy chain-expressing cells. Retroviral (RCAS) misexpression of human FGF5 in chick hind limb, immunohistochemistry for MyoD, myosin heavy chain, tenascin, BrdU pulse-labeling for proliferation Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists Medium 11066093
2005 Adenoviral overexpression of FGF-5 in hibernating swine myocardium stimulates cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and reentry into the cell cycle (Ki-67 and phospho-histone H3 positive nuclei increased ~7-fold and ~3.6-fold respectively), improving wall thickening independent of angiogenesis. Intracoronary injection of replication-deficient adenoviral FGF-5 construct in swine, echocardiography, histological analysis, Ki-67 and phospho-histone H3 immunostaining Circulation research Medium 15761196
2008 FGF5 and its predominant receptor FGFR1 IIIc are co-overexpressed in glioblastoma; siRNA-mediated FGF5 knockdown reduces proliferation and migration, while recombinant FGF5 promotes them; FGF5 signals in autocrine and paracrine fashion and stimulates angiogenesis via endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. siRNA knockdown, recombinant FGF5 treatment, dominant-negative FGFR1 IIIc expression, pharmacological FGFR inhibitors, HUVEC assays for proliferation/migration/tube formation Oncogene Medium 18362893
2014 Loss-of-function mutations in FGF5 underlie familial trichomegaly (extreme eyelash growth) in humans; hair follicle organ cultures demonstrate that FGF5 protein induces regression of the human hair follicle, establishing FGF5 as a crucial regulator of human hair length. Whole exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping of trichomegaly families; hair follicle organ culture with FGF5 treatment Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 24989505
2020 FGF5 signaling via FGFR1 activates downstream androgen/AR and Wnt/β-catenin cascades (including Shh/Gli2, c-MYC, and KRTs) to regulate hair follicle density and wool growth; FGF5 knockout in sheep increases fine-wool and active hair-follicle density through these pathways. CRISPR/Cas9 FGF5 knockout in Dorper sheep, Western blot, qPCR, IHC, pathway analysis of FGFR1→androgen/AR→Wnt/β-catenin→Shh/Gli2 axis Cell death & disease Medium 32472005
2020 FGF5 is upregulated in Schwann cells following peripheral nerve injury; exogenous FGF5 inhibits ERK1/2 MAP kinase activity while promoting rapid Schwann cell migration and adhesion through upregulation of N-cadherin, acting as an autocrine regulator. Microarray and mRNA sequencing, RT-PCR, qPCR, Western blotting, immunostaining of sciatic nerve after injury; FGF5 treatment of cultured primary rat Schwann cells; ERK1/2 phosphorylation assays; N-cadherin expression analysis Frontiers in cellular neuroscience Medium 32848626
2003 A decapeptide (P3, residues 95–104 of FGF5: VGIGFHLQIY) derived from the receptor-binding region of FGF5 acts as a partial antagonist, suppressing FGF5-induced proliferation of BALB/3T3 and NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and FGFR-1c-transfected Ba/F3 cells, and competes with FGF-5 binding to FGFR-1(IIIc)/Fc chimera; in vivo, P3 reduces FGF-5-mediated inhibition of hair growth and cell proliferation in depilated mice. In vitro cell proliferation assays, receptor binding competition assay with FGFR-1(IIIc)/Fc chimera, in vivo depilation assay in mice with histological analysis and Ki-67 staining Journal of cellular physiology Medium 14502567
2019 FGF5 promotes osteosarcoma cell proliferation by activating the MAPK signaling pathway; CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of FGF5 reduces MAPK signaling components and inhibits proliferation, while exogenous recombinant FGF5 increases MAPK pathway protein levels and promotes proliferation. CRISPR/Cas9 FGF5 knockout, recombinant FGF5 treatment, Western blot for MAPK pathway proteins, CCK-8 proliferation assay, xenograft nude mouse model Cancer management and research Medium 31372048
2022 FGF5 overexpression protects cardiomyocytes from LPS-induced pyroptosis by inhibiting the CaMKII/NFκB signaling pathway; FGF5 overexpression reduces p-CaMKII, p-NFκB, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 levels, and the CaMKII inhibitor KN93 mimics this protective effect. Adenoviral FGF5 overexpression in LPS-treated mice and cardiomyocytes in vitro, echocardiography, Western blot, pharmacological inhibition with KN93 Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 36368152
2022 FGF5 overexpression protects pulmonary vascular endothelial cells from LPS-induced pyroptosis via activation of the AKT signaling pathway; FGF5 overexpression alleviates acute lung injury in mice, and inhibition of AKT with MK2206 abolishes FGF5's protective effect. Adenoviral FGF5 overexpression in LPS-induced ALI mice, in vitro HUVEC experiments, Western blot, AKT inhibitor (MK2206) Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 36244113
1998 A silencer element in the distal FGF-5 promoter region (-1256/-883) is active specifically in differentiated RPE cells and binds differentiation-specific nuclear protein complexes at two sub-regions (-1195/-1173 and -984/-967), repressing FGF-5 transcription in the differentiated state. Transfection of FGF-5 promoter/luciferase deletion constructs into proliferating and differentiated RPE cells, gel mobility shift assays with nuclear extracts Experimental eye research Medium 9733582
2001 FGF-5 mRNA expression in Schwann cells is induced by axotomy (Wallerian degeneration) and suppressed by axon-Schwann cell contact during regeneration; forskolin treatment of cultured Schwann cells also diminishes FGF-5 expression, indicating regulation by the cAMP pathway. cDNA arrays, Northern blotting, in situ hybridization, Western blotting of axotomized rat sciatic nerve; Schwann cell cultures treated with forskolin Journal of neuroscience research Medium 11598998
2015 FGF5s (short form) inhibits the activity of FGF5 in cashmere goat dermal papilla cells; FGF5 overexpression upregulates IGF-1, versican, and noggin while downregulating BMP4, and FGF5s overexpression partially reverses these effects, indicating FGF5s acts as an antagonist of FGF5 at the level of anagen-catagen regulation. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of FGF5 and FGF5s in isolated primary and secondary hair follicle dermal papilla cells, qPCR for downstream gene expression Gene Medium 26390813
2021 RNA aptamers selected against human FGF5 (e.g., F5f1 with Kd = 0.7 nM, truncated F5f1_56 with Kd = 0.118 nM) specifically inhibit FGF5-induced cell proliferation but not FGF2-induced proliferation, and do not bind FGF1, FGF2, FGF4, FGF6, or FGFR1 with high affinity, demonstrating FGF5-specific receptor activation is required for its mitogenic effect. SELEX, surface plasmon resonance binding assays, cell proliferation inhibition assays Scientific reports Medium 33536494
1990 The FGF-5 gene is assigned to human chromosome 4 by PCR amplification of somatic cell hybrid DNAs. PCR-based chromosomal assignment using somatic cell hybrid panel BioTechniques Medium 2317376

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 94 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1994 FGF5 as a regulator of the hair growth cycle: evidence from targeted and spontaneous mutations. Cell 482 7923352
1988 The human FGF-5 oncogene encodes a novel protein related to fibroblast growth factors. Molecular and cellular biology 427 3211147
1991 mRNA localization studies suggest that murine FGF-5 plays a role in gastrulation. Development (Cambridge, England) 179 1794311
2015 MicroRNA-188-5p suppresses tumor cell proliferation and metastasis by directly targeting FGF5 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of hepatology 161 25998163
2014 FGF5 is a crucial regulator of hair length in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 135 24989505
2015 Generation of gene-modified goats targeting MSTN and FGF5 via zygote injection of CRISPR/Cas9 system. Scientific reports 133 26354037
2003 Functions of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and FGF-5 in astroglial differentiation and blood-brain barrier permeability: evidence from mouse mutants. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 126 12878680
1998 Use of the ARPE-19 cell line as a model of RPE polarity: basolateral secretion of FGF5. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 111 9856785
2008 FGF5 as an oncogenic factor in human glioblastoma multiforme: autocrine and paracrine activities. Oncogene 86 18362893
2005 Adenoviral gene transfer of FGF-5 to hibernating myocardium improves function and stimulates myocytes to hypertrophy and reenter the cell cycle. Circulation research 80 15761196
2007 Mutations within the FGF5 gene are associated with hair length in cats. Animal genetics 78 17433015
1992 Coexpression of FGF-5 and bFGF by the retinal pigment epithelium in vitro. Experimental eye research 76 1478282
2000 Dual-mode regulation of hair growth cycle by two Fgf-5 gene products. The Journal of investigative dermatology 75 10692103
2006 The long and the short of it: evidence that FGF5 is a major determinant of canine 'hair'-itability. Animal genetics 69 16879338
2011 Common variants in or near FGF5, CYP17A1 and MTHFR genes are associated with blood pressure and hypertension in Chinese Hans. Journal of hypertension 67 20852445
2001 Two animal models of retinal degeneration are rescued by recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated production of FGF-5 and FGF-18. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 67 11319911
2016 Disruption of FGF5 in Cashmere Goats Using CRISPR/Cas9 Results in More Secondary Hair Follicles and Longer Fibers. PloS one 65 27755602
1998 Localization of rat FGF-5 protein in skin macrophage-like cells and FGF-5S protein in hair follicle: possible involvement of two Fgf-5 gene products in hair growth cycle regulation. The Journal of investigative dermatology 56 9856803
2016 Intrinsic FGF2 and FGF5 promotes angiogenesis of human aortic endothelial cells in 3D microfluidic angiogenesis system. Scientific reports 52 27357248
2013 Allelic heterogeneity of FGF5 mutations causes the long-hair phenotype in dogs. Animal genetics 50 23384345
2017 CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss of FGF5 function increases wool staple length in sheep. The FEBS journal 46 28631368
2020 Crosstalk between androgen and Wnt/β-catenin leads to changes of wool density in FGF5-knockout sheep. Cell death & disease 45 32472005
2015 Fibroblast growth factor 5-short (FGF5s) inhibits the activity of FGF5 in primary and secondary hair follicle dermal papilla cells of cashmere goats. Gene 40 26390813
2014 Two recessive mutations in FGF5 are associated with the long-hair phenotype in donkeys. Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE 39 25927731
2019 Downregulation of miR-145-5p elevates retinal ganglion cell survival to delay diabetic retinopathy progress by targeting FGF5. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 34 31272285
1994 Distribution of FGF-5 in the rhesus macaque retina. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 34 8045713
2019 Base pair editing in goat: nonsense codon introgression into FGF5 results in longer hair. The FEBS journal 32 31276295
2019 FGF5 promotes osteosarcoma cells proliferation via activating MAPK signaling pathway. Cancer management and research 32 31372048
2018 MicroRNA-567 inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting FGF5 in osteosarcoma. EXCLI journal 31 29743851
2000 FGF5 stimulates expansion of connective tissue fibroblasts and inhibits skeletal muscle development in the limb. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 31 11066093
1998 An alternatively spliced fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-5 mRNA is abundant in brain and translates into a partial agonist/antagonist for FGF-5 neurotrophic activity. The Journal of biological chemistry 31 9786939
2021 Suppression of FGF5 and FGF18 Expression by Cholesterol-Modified siRNAs Promotes Hair Growth in Mice. Frontiers in pharmacology 29 34305588
2020 Hsa_circ_0016760 exacerbates the malignant development of non‑small cell lung cancer by sponging miR‑145‑5p/FGF5. Oncology reports 28 33416186
2017 FGF5 is expressed in melanoma and enhances malignancy in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 28 29152117
2017 RAPID COMMUNICATION: Generation of FGF5 knockout sheep via the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Journal of animal science 26 28727005
1996 The rat FGF-5 mRNA variant generated by alternative splicing encodes a novel truncated form of FGF-5. Biochimica et biophysica acta 26 8611621
2017 Promotion of anagen, increased hair density and reduction of hair fall in a clinical setting following identification of FGF5-inhibiting compounds via a novel 2-stage process. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology 25 28280377
2003 Decapeptide with fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-5 partial sequence inhibits hair growth suppressing activity of FGF-5. Journal of cellular physiology 25 14502567
2020 FGF5 Regulates Schwann Cell Migration and Adhesion. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 24 32848626
2013 Characterization of hairless (Hr) and FGF5 genes provides insights into the molecular basis of hair loss in cetaceans. BMC evolutionary biology 24 23394579
1990 Chromosome assignment by polymerase chain reaction techniques: assignment of the oncogene FGF-5 to human chromosome 4. BioTechniques 23 2317376
2021 Specific inhibition of FGF5-induced cell proliferation by RNA aptamers. Scientific reports 20 33536494
1997 Expression of FGF5 in choroidal neovascular membranes associated with ARMD. Current eye research 19 9134330
2021 Five SNPs Within the FGF5 Gene Significantly Affect Both Wool Traits and Growth Performance in Fine-Wool Sheep (Ovis aries). Frontiers in genetics 18 34659356
2018 Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 5 (FGF5) and Its Influence on Survival of Breast Cancer Patients. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 18 29804124
2011 Retrotransposon-mediated Fgf5(go-Utr) mutant mice with long pelage hair. Experimental animals 18 21512271
2022 FGF5 protects heart from sepsis injury by attenuating cardiomyocyte pyroptosis through inhibiting CaMKII/NFκB signaling. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 17 36368152
2016 Visualization of the Epiblast and Visceral Endodermal Cells Using Fgf5-P2A-Venus BAC Transgenic Mice and Epiblast Stem Cells. PloS one 17 27409080
2001 Expression of the IIIc variant of FGF receptor-1 confers mitogenic responsiveness to heparin and FGF-5 in TAKA-1 pancreatic ductal cells. International journal of pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology 17 11876253
2024 A MSTNDel73C mutation with FGF5 knockout sheep by CRISPR/Cas9 promotes skeletal muscle myofiber hyperplasia. eLife 16 39365728
2019 FGF5 methylation is a sensitivity marker of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to definitive chemoradiotherapy. Scientific reports 16 31527639
2015 A 1-bp deletion in Fgf5 causes male-dominant long hair in the Syrian hamster. Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society 16 26481120
1997 Transient expression of FGF-5 mRNA in the rat cerebellar cortex during post-natal development. Brain research. Molecular brain research 16 9221924
2022 Genetic susceptibility analysis of FGF5 polymorphism to preeclampsia in Chinese Han population. Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG 14 35380267
2021 SP1-induced lncRNA TUG1 regulates proliferation and apoptosis in islet cells of type 2 diabetes mellitus via the miR-188-3p/FGF5 axis. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 14 33660806
2017 Molecular characterization of the llama FGF5 gene and identification of putative loss of function mutations. Animal genetics 14 29024003
2001 Axon-Schwann cell interactions regulate the expression of fibroblast growth factor-5 (FGF-5). Journal of neuroscience research 14 11598998
2014 Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression of sheep FGF5 gene. Gene 13 25445274
2012 Cloning and expression analysis of Fgf5, 6 and 7 during early chick development. Gene expression patterns : GEP 11 22634565
2019 Eclipta prostrata promotes the induction of anagen, sustains the anagen phase through regulation of FGF-7 and FGF-5. Pharmaceutical biology 10 30757935
2022 The Lnc-RNA APPAT Suppresses Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Interacting With MiR-647 and FGF5 in Atherosclerosis. Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists 8 35880306
2021 FGF5 and EPAS1 gene polymorphisms are associated with high-altitude adaptation in Nepalese goat breeds. Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 8 34585489
2018 Evidence of post-transcriptional readthrough regulation in FGF5 gene of alpaca. Gene 8 29307854
2023 Circ_0001715 Functions as a miR-1249-3p Sponge to Accelerate the Progression of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer via Upregulating the Level of FGF5. Biochemical genetics 7 36808266
2022 Circ_0041732 regulates tumor properties of triple-negative breast cancer cells by the miR-149-5p/FGF5 pathway. The International journal of biological markers 7 35341378
2008 [Correlation analysis between single nucleotide polymorphism of FGF5 gene and wool yield in rabbits]. Yi chuan = Hereditas 7 18779133
2001 Expression of the IIIc Variant of FGF Receptor-1 Confers Mitogenic Responsiveness to Heparin and FGF-5 in TAKA-1 Pancreatic Ductal Cells. International journal of gastrointestinal cancer 7 12754391
2021 FGF5 missense mutation is associated with dromedary hair length variation. Animal genetics 6 34432312
2015 Alpaca fiber growth is mediated by microRNA let-7b via down-regulation of target gene FGF5. Genetics and molecular research : GMR 6 26535691
2024 Increasing GSH-Px Activity and Activating Wnt Pathway Promote Fine Wool Growth in FGF5-Edited Sheep. Cells 5 38891117
2023 Reproduction and viscera organ characteristics of MSTN and FGF5 dual-gene knockout sheep. Frontiers in veterinary science 5 37065235
2023 Potential roles of FGF5 as a candidate therapeutic target in prostate cancer. American journal of clinical and experimental urology 5 38148937
2022 A 90-Day Safety Study of Meat from MSTN and FGF5 Double-Knockout Sheep in Wistar Rats. Life (Basel, Switzerland) 5 35207492
2022 FGF5 alleviated acute lung injury via AKT signal pathway in endothelial cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 5 36244113
2015 Cloning, molecular characterization, and expression pattern of FGF5 in Cashmere goat (Capra hircus). Genetics and molecular research : GMR 5 26400346
2009 [Effects of FGF5 gene on fibre traits on Inner Mongolian cashmere goats]. Yi chuan = Hereditas 5 19273426
1998 Differentiation of retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro uncovers silencer activity in the FGF-5 gene promoter. Experimental eye research 5 9733582
2025 Multi-Omics Characterization of Genome-Wide Abnormal DNA Methylation Reveals FGF5 as a Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Recurrence After Radiotherapy. Biomolecules 4 40001587
2024 Metabolic differences in MSTN and FGF5 dual-gene edited sheep muscle cells during myogenesis. BMC genomics 4 38926663
2024 Regulation of Hair Follicle Growth and Development by Different Alternative Spliceosomes of FGF5 in Rabbits. Genes 3 38674344
2023 Fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) and its missense mutant FGF5-H174 underlying trichomegaly: a molecular dynamics simulation investigation. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 3 36905676
2023 A rare FGF5 candidate variant (rs112475347) for predisposition to nonsquamous, nonsmall-cell lung cancer. International journal of cancer 3 36916144
2023 Global Long Noncoding RNA Expression Profiling of MSTN and FGF5 Double-Knockout Sheep Reveals the Key Gatekeepers of Skeletal Muscle Development. DNA and cell biology 3 36917699
2023 FGF5. Differentiation; research in biological diversity 3 37957094
2022 Tracing the Origin of the RSPO2 Long-Hair Allele and Epistatic Interaction between FGF5 and RSPO2 in Sapsaree Dog. Genes 3 35052442
2022 The rs1458038 variant near FGF5 is associated with poor response to calcium channel blockers among Filipinos. Medicine 3 35119014
2022 Gender-Difference in Hair Length as Revealed by Crispr-Based Production of Long-Haired Mice with Dysfunctional FGF5 Mutations. International journal of molecular sciences 3 36233155
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2026 FGF5 Allelic Heterogeneity in Long-Haired Belgian Shepherd Dogs. Animal genetics 0 41773981
2026 Discovery of Four New FGF5 Variants Causing Long Hair in the Dog. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 0 41828909
2025 Genetic Variant of the Canine FGF5 Gene for the Hair Length Trait in the Akita: Utility for Hair Coat Variations and Welfare in Conservation Breeding. Genes 0 40869975
2025 FGF5 alleviates ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells by inducing mitophagy under in vitro ischemia-reperfusion-like injury. Journal of molecular histology 0 40913740