| 1995 |
FADD (Fas-associated death domain protein) was identified as a novel protein that binds the cytoplasmic death domain of Fas via a homologous death domain, and overexpression of FADD induces apoptosis blocked by CrmA, placing FADD as a proximal signal transducer downstream of Fas. |
Yeast two-hybrid, overexpression in MCF7/BJAB cells, dominant-negative point mutation (analogous to lpr) abolishing Fas binding |
Cell |
High |
7538907
|
| 1996 |
FADD (MORT1) recruits MACH (caspase-8/caspase-10 homolog) through a death effector domain interaction; proteolytic MACH isoforms induce cell death, making MACH the most upstream enzymatic component in Fas/APO-1- and p55-TNF-R-induced death cascades downstream of FADD. |
Protein interaction cloning, overexpression of isoforms, dominant-negative inhibition of Fas/TNF-R cytotoxicity |
Cell |
High |
8681376
|
| 1996 |
TRADD directly interacts with both TRAF2 and FADD, defining two distinct TNFR1 signaling cascades: TRADD-TRAF2 activates NF-κB, and TRADD-FADD induces apoptosis. A dominant-negative FADD mutant lacking its N-terminal 79 amino acids selectively blocks TNF-induced apoptosis without affecting NF-κB activation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, dominant-negative mutants, NF-κB reporter assays, apoptosis assays |
Cell |
High |
8565075
|
| 1997 |
TRAIL receptors DR4 and DR5 directly bind FADD and TRADD as adaptor molecules; death signaling through both receptors is blocked by a dominant-negative form of FADD and by FLIP, and both receptors activate NF-κB. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, dominant-negative FADD inhibition, NF-κB reporter assays |
Immunity |
High |
9430228
|
| 1998 |
NMR solution structure of the FADD death effector domain (DED) reveals a six-antiparallel-helix bundle similar to death domains; mutagenesis showed that a hydrophobic region unique to the DED (absent from death domains) is critical for binding FLICE/caspase-8 and apoptotic activity, while Fas-DD mutations have no effect on DED function. |
NMR structure determination (biologically active mutant), site-directed mutagenesis, functional apoptosis assays |
Nature |
High |
9582077
|
| 1998 |
FADD is essential for apoptosis induced by CD95, TNFR-1, and DR3 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, but not for apoptosis triggered by DR4, E1A, c-myc, or adriamycin. FADD-null mice die by embryonic day 11.5 with cardiac failure and hemorrhage, demonstrating a non-apoptotic developmental role. |
FADD gene knockout mice (loss-of-function), embryonic fibroblast apoptosis assays, chimeric embryo analysis |
Science |
High |
9506948
|
| 1998 |
In transgenic mice expressing dominant-negative FADD (FADD-DN), early thymocyte development was impaired and peripheral T cell pools were depleted, indicating FADD plays a role in T cell development and activation beyond death-receptor-induced apoptosis. |
Transgenic mice expressing FADD-DN, T cell development assays, signaling analyses |
Immunity |
High |
9586634
|
| 1998 |
FADD-DN transgenic mice showed enhanced negative selection of autoreactive thymocytes and inhibited T cell activation-induced proliferation; under certain circumstances FADD signaling promotes cell survival and proliferation rather than cell death. |
Transgenic mice expressing dominant-negative FADD, thymocyte selection assays, T cell activation assays |
The EMBO Journal |
High |
9450996
|
| 1998 |
PKR-induced apoptosis by dsRNA requires FADD: murine fibroblasts lacking FADD were almost completely resistant to dsRNA-mediated cell death, placing FADD downstream of PKR activation in the death receptor-mediated apoptosis pathway. |
FADD-deficient fibroblasts, tetracycline-inducible PKR cell lines, dsRNA treatment, apoptosis assays |
The EMBO Journal |
High |
9843495
|
| 1998 |
Kinases that associate with the membrane-proximal (non-death-domain) cytoplasmic region of Fas phosphorylate FADD/MORT1, suggesting FADD is a substrate for Fas-associated kinases distinct from the death domain interaction. |
GST fusion pulldown of Fas cytoplasmic domain, in vitro kinase assays, phosphorylation of FADD |
Journal of Immunology |
Medium |
9590235
|
| 1998 |
TRADD and FADD signal activation of acid sphingomyelinase downstream of the p55 TNF receptor; TRAF2 and RIP, which activate NF-κB, do not affect A-SMase activation; caspase inhibitors reduce A-SMase activity, suggesting caspase involvement downstream of FADD. |
Overexpression in 293 cells, enzymatic A-SMase activity assay, caspase inhibitors |
The Journal of Biological Chemistry |
Medium |
9488730
|
| 1999 |
Detachment-induced apoptosis (anoikis) is blocked by dominant-negative FADD in untransformed epithelial cells, and detachment induces strong caspase-8 activation upstream of caspase-3, in a manner independent of soluble death receptor ligands (CD95, DR4, DR5). |
Dominant-negative FADD overexpression, soluble receptor domain blocking, caspase activity assays, epithelial cell lines |
Current Biology |
High |
10508619
|
| 2000 |
Apo2L/TRAIL stimulates formation of homomeric DR4/DR5 and heteromeric DR4-DR5 complexes and directly recruits endogenous FADD and caspase-8 (without TRADD or RIP) to activate caspase-8, using a mechanism similar to FasL/Fas signaling. |
Co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins in non-transfected cells, caspase-8 activity assay |
Immunity |
High |
10894161
|
| 2000 |
FADD is required for DR4- and DR5-mediated apoptosis by TRAIL: FADD-/- MEFs stably expressing TRAIL receptors are completely resistant to TRAIL-induced death, and re-introduction of FADD restores sensitivity. |
FADD-/- MEFs with stable receptor transfection, retroviral FADD reconstitution, apoptosis assays |
The Journal of Biological Chemistry |
High |
10862756
|
| 2000 |
FADD overexpression potently activates NF-κB through a pathway requiring caspase-8 (but not its catalytic activity), TRAF2, NIK, IKKα, and IKKβ; RIP dominant-negative inhibits FADD-induced but not Casper-induced NF-κB; activated caspase-8 proteolytically inactivates NIK to negatively regulate NF-κB. |
Overexpression, caspase inhibitors (CrmA, BD-fmk), dominant-negative kinase mutants, NF-κB reporter, NIK cleavage by caspase-8 |
The Journal of Biological Chemistry |
High |
10753878
|
| 2004 |
Fas activates NF-κB via a pathway requiring RIP, FADD, and caspase-8 scaffolding function (catalytic activity dispensable); endogenous FLIP isoforms negatively regulate Fas-induced NF-κB activation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, dominant-negative mutants, caspase-inactive point mutants, siRNA knockdown, NF-κB reporter assays |
The Journal of Cell Biology |
High |
15289496
|
| 2005 |
Casein kinase Iα (CKIα) phosphorylates FADD at Ser194 both in vitro and in vivo; FADD-CKIα association regulates FADD subcellular localization; phosphorylated FADD colocalizes with CKIα at spindle poles in metaphase; CKI inhibition prevents Taxol-mediated mitotic arrest and blocks mitogen-induced proliferation. |
In vitro kinase assay with CKIα, in vivo phosphorylation, immunofluorescence co-localization, pharmacological CKI inhibition, FADD phosphorylation-site mutant mice |
Molecular Cell |
High |
16061179
|
| 2006 |
The full FADD structure was solved by NMR, revealing DED and DD in orthogonal tail-to-tail arrangement; mutagenesis defined interaction surfaces for CD95 intracellular domain and procaspase-8 prodomain; a hydrophobic patch around F25 in the DED mediates FADD self-association; the FADD DED preferentially contacts one DED of procaspase-8 perpendicularly. |
NMR structure, mutagenesis, functional reconstitution with binding partners |
Molecular Cell |
High |
16762833
|
| 2007 |
Mitochondrial AK2 forms a ternary AFAC10 complex with FADD and caspase-10 during intrinsic apoptosis; AK2 translocates to cytoplasm upon intrinsic apoptotic signals and promotes FADD-caspase-10 association and caspase-10 activation (but not caspase-8), subsequently activating caspase-3. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, cell-free caspase activation assay with purified AK2, confocal microscopy of AK2 translocation |
Nature Cell Biology |
High |
17952061
|
| 2007 |
FADD negatively regulates TLR4/LPS signaling by interacting with IRAK1 and MyD88; LPS stimulation increases IRAK1-FADD interaction and recruitment of the IRAK1-FADD complex to MyD88; FADD-null cells show hyperactivation of JNK and PI3K; FADD requires IRAK1 to interact with MyD88. |
Co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins, FADD-null cells, IRAK1-null cells, forced expression, cytokine production assays |
Molecular and Cellular Biology |
High |
17785432
|
| 2008 |
Crystal structure of the human Fas-FADD death domain complex at 2.7 Å reveals a tetrameric arrangement of four FADD DDs bound to four Fas DDs; an opening of the Fas DD exposes the FADD binding site and generates a Fas-Fas bridge, forming a regulatory complex that prevents accidental DISC assembly while allowing processive DISC clustering upon sufficient stimulus. |
X-ray crystallography (2.7 Å), isolation and characterization of the human Fas-FADD DD complex |
Nature |
High |
19118384
|
| 2010 |
FADD functions as a negative regulator of TCR-induced necroptosis in T cells; conditional FADD-KO T cells respond poorly to TCR triggering and exhibit amplified RIP1-dependent programmed necrosis; inhibition of RIP1 kinase activity rescues the FADD-KO proliferative defect. |
Conditional T-cell-specific FADD knockout, TCR stimulation, RIP1 kinase inhibitor (necrostatin), proliferation assays |
PNAS |
High |
20615958
|
| 2010 |
FADD interacts with TRIM21; together they suppress IFN-α production by ubiquitinating IRF7, affecting its phosphorylation, and interfering with TRAF6 ubiquitin ligase activity; FADD-TRIM21 interaction enhances TRIM21 E3 ligase activity. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, IRF7 phosphorylation, Sendai virus infection, siRNA knockdown, virus titer measurement |
The Journal of Biological Chemistry |
High |
21183682
|
| 2011 |
FADD prevents RIP3-mediated epithelial cell necrosis in the intestine; IEC-specific FADD-KO mice develop spontaneous epithelial necrosis, Paneth cell loss, and colitis that is genetically prevented by RIP3 deficiency; CYLD deubiquitinase and TNF signaling contribute to RIP3-dependent necrosis in the colon. |
IEC-specific conditional KO mice, RIP3 double-KO, CYLD conditional KO, TNF/MYD88 deficiency crosses, histological and genetic epistasis analysis |
Nature |
High |
21804564
|
| 2011 |
FADD deficiency in keratinocytes induces RIP3-mediated necroptosis (necroptosis) and skin inflammation; genetic ablation of RIP3 prevents inflammatory skin lesions in FADD(E-KO) mice; CYLD deubiquitinase and TNF-TNFR1 signaling contribute partly to keratinocyte necroptosis. |
Keratinocyte-specific conditional FADD KO, RIP3 double-KO epistasis, CYLD conditional KO, TNF pathway analysis |
Immunity |
High |
22000287
|
| 2011 |
FADD deficiency causes embryonic lethality accompanied by massive necrosis and elevated RIP1; RIP1 deficiency rescues normal embryogenesis of FADD-/- mice; conversely, FADD deletion partially corrects RIP1-/- lymphocyte developmental defects; RIP1 deficiency fully restores normal T cell (but not B cell) proliferation in FADD-/- mice, revealing a cell-type-specific interplay between FADD and RIP1. |
FADD/RIP1 double-knockout mice, embryonic viability assays, lymphocyte proliferation, apoptosis assays with Fas/TNF-α |
Nature |
High |
21368761
|
| 2012 |
The FADD-caspase-8-cFLIPL complex has a survival function: FADD/RIPK3 double-KO mice develop normally, but lethality of cFLIP-null mice is not rescued by RIPK3 ablation; in FADD/cFLIP/RIPK3 triple-KO mice embryonic development is normal, showing the FADD-caspase-8-cFLIPL enzymatic complex blocks RIPK3-dependent signaling while cFLIPL blocks RIPK3-independent apoptosis by the FADD-caspase-8 complex. |
FADD/RIPK3, cFLIP/RIPK3, and FADD/cFLIP/RIPK3 compound KO mouse genetics, embryonic viability analysis |
Cell Reports |
High |
22675671
|
| 2013 |
IFN-induced necrosis via RIP1/RIP3 necrosome assembly requires FADD to be lost or disabled; FADD phosphorylation on Ser191 disables FADD and collaborates with caspase inactivation to allow IFN-activated necrosis; IFNs transcriptionally activate PKR, which interacts with RIP1 to initiate necrosome formation; FADD and caspases act as negative regulators of this IFN-induced necroptosis. |
FADD-deficient cells, FADD phosphorylation mutant (S191), Jak1/STAT1 inhibition, PKR-RIP1 Co-IP, necrosome assembly assays |
PNAS |
High |
23898178
|
| 2014 |
FLIP has preferential affinity for the α1/α4 surface of the FADD DED, whereas procaspase-8 preferentially binds the α2/α5 surface; following death receptor recruitment, FADD DED preferentially engages FLIP via α1/α4 and procaspase-8 via α2/α5, with tripartite FLIP/FADD/procaspase-8 intermediates forming via FLIP DED1 α1/α4 and procaspase-8 DED2 α2/α5. |
Mutagenesis of FADD/FLIP/procaspase-8 DED surfaces, DISC stoichiometry analysis, functional apoptosis assays |
Nature Communications |
High |
24577104
|
| 2015 |
CK1α phosphorylates FADD downstream of RAS, and KRAS(G12D)-driven lung cancer requires both FADD and its phosphorylation by CK1α; phosphorylated FADD interacts with mitotic kinases PLK1, AURKA, and BUB1 at G2/M; CK1α deletion abrogates FADD phosphorylation and suppresses lung cancer development. |
Conditional mouse models, immunohistochemistry, in vivo imaging, mass spectrometry of phospho-FADD interactome, CK1α inhibitor |
Science Signaling |
High |
25628462
|
| 2017 |
The bacterial effector NleB1 modifies Arg117 of FADD with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) as an arginine glycosyltransferase, irreversibly blocking death-receptor-induced apoptosis; during EPEC and C. rodentium infection, FADD is the preferred substrate for NleB1-mediated GlcNAcylation. |
Affinity proteomics for arginine-GlcNAcylated glycopeptides, EPEC/C. rodentium infection (in vitro and in vivo), mass spectrometry, apoptosis assays |
The Journal of Biological Chemistry |
High |
28860194
|
| 2017 |
FADD is SUMOylated at K120/125/149 by SUMO2 during necrosis caused by calcium ionophore A23187 or ischemia; SUMOylated FADD binds Drp1 to promote its mitochondrial recruitment via Mff, driving mitochondrial fragmentation and necrosis; caspase-10 (but not caspase-8) forms a ternary complex with SUMO-FADD/Drp1 on mitochondria, potentiating Drp1 oligomerization. |
SUMO modification mapping, FADD SUMO-defective mutants, Co-IP in cells and ischemic tissue, mitochondrial fractionation, in vitro binding |
Molecular and Cellular Biology |
High |
27799292
|
| 2018 |
CHIP E3 ubiquitin ligase mediates K6-linked polyubiquitylation of FADD at Lys149 and Lys153, preventing DISC formation and suppressing cell death; CHIP-depleted cells show enhanced sensitivity to FasL and TRAIL with increased DISC assembly; FADD mutated at K149/153 cannot be suppressed by CHIP. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, mass spectrometry identification of ubiquitination sites, siRNA depletion, xenograft assays |
Oncogene |
High |
29795330
|
| 2019 |
NLRP3 inflammasome activation induces unconventional secretion of FADD through microvesicle shedding in human monocytes/macrophages; this FADD secretion requires K+ efflux, NLRP3 sensor, ASC adaptor, and caspase-1, and is distinct from IL-1β release and pyroptosis. |
Pharmacological NLRP3 activation, K+ efflux assays, siRNA knockdown of NLRP3 components, microvesicle isolation, proteomics |
Cell Death & Disease |
Medium |
30804327
|
| 2020 |
FADD and caspase-8 act in IECs to prevent intestinal inflammation by inhibiting ZBP1- and TNFR1-mediated RIPK1/RIPK3 signaling; IEC FADD deficiency causes MLKL-mediated necroptosis and also caspase-8/GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis-like death, with both pathways contributing to ileitis. |
IEC-specific conditional KO for FADD, caspase-8, MLKL, GSDMD; compound genetic epistasis, histological analysis |
Immunity |
High |
32362323
|
| 2020 |
The RIPK1-caspase-8-FADD (FADDosome) complex mediates NF-κB-driven inflammation in vivo; double-KO studies showed that removal of one allele of Fasl, Fadd, or Ripk1 prevented pathology in Casp8D387A/D387A Mlkl-/- mice; complete FADD ablation revealed a FADD-independent inflammatory role of caspase-8 involving an inflammasome. |
Compound conditional KO mice (Caspase-8 mutant, Mlkl-/-, Fadd-/-, Ripk1 heterozygous), in vivo pathology analysis |
Immunity |
High |
32428502
|
| 2022 |
Caspase-8 and FADD suppress spontaneous ZBP1 expression and ZBP1-dependent necroptosis; FADD- or caspase-8-deficient cells show increased ZBP1 expression, leading to spontaneous RIPK3 activation and MLKL phosphorylation; this ZBP1 upregulation relies on a cGAS-STING-TBK1 positive feedback mechanism. |
Caspase-8/FADD-deficient cells, ZBP1 KO in Casp8-/- mice, FLAG-tagged MLKL knock-in reporter mice, cGAS/STING pathway inhibition, ZBP1 reconstitution |
PNAS |
High |
36191211
|
| 2023 |
cFLIPL suppresses Fas- and TRAIL-initiated NF-κB activation by inhibiting assembly of caspase-8/FADD/RIPK1 FADDosome complexes; cFLIPL's low affinity for FADD causes increased cFLIPL occupancy of FADDosomes to diminish FADD/RIPK1 recruitment to caspase-8, thereby blocking NF-κB and inflammatory cytokine production. |
cFLIP siRNA/KO, FADDosome complex immunoprecipitation, NF-κB reporter, cytokine ELISA, FADD/RIPK1 interaction assays |
Cell Reports |
High |
37988267
|
| 2024 |
X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM structures of human FADD-procaspase-8-cFLIP ternary DED complexes reveal how FADD and cFLIP orchestrate assembly; a helical procaspase-8-cFLIP hetero-double layer promotes limited caspase-8 activation for cell survival; structure-guided mutagenesis confirmed roles in caspase-8 activation and RIPK1 regulation. |
X-ray crystallography, cryo-EM structure determination, structure-guided mutagenesis, functional caspase-8 activation and necroptosis assays |
Nature Communications |
High |
38710704
|
| 2017 |
HOIP (LUBAC subunit) is cleaved by caspases during apoptosis, decreasing linear ubiquitination of FADD (and NEMO); FADD is identified as a substrate for LUBAC-mediated linear ubiquitin chain attachment. |
In vitro and cell-based ubiquitination assays, HOIP cleavage mapping, Co-IP |
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications |
Medium |
28189684
|
| 2007 |
Constitutive phosphorylation of FADD at Ser191 (phosphomimetic FADD-D mutant) causes defective G0/G1-to-S transition with abnormalities in p130, p27 degradation, Rb phosphorylation, CDK2 activity, and FoxM1 upregulation; phosphomimetic FADD is also mislocalized during cell cycle progression. |
FADD-D knock-in mice, flow cytometric cell cycle analysis, biochemical analysis of cell cycle regulators, localization studies |
The Journal of Biological Chemistry |
High |
17553783
|
| 2004 |
During T lymphocyte stimulation, FADD and caspase-8 aggregate in multiprotein complexes and form caps at the plasma membrane; mitogenic stimulation (but not Fas ligation) induces a unique post-translational modification of FADD, potentially determining whether FADD promotes death or proliferation. |
Novel monoclonal antibodies, confocal microscopy, subcellular fractionation, Co-IP during apoptosis and mitogenic activation |
Cell Death and Differentiation |
Medium |
15017386
|