Affinage

F12

Coagulation factor XII · UniProt P00748

Length
615 aa
Mass
67.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
79 papers in source corpus 15 papers cited in narrative 15 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

Coagulation Factor XII (F12) is a hepatically synthesized zymogen serine protease that initiates the contact activation pathway, coupling intrinsic coagulation to the kallikrein-kinin system (PMID:30463937, PMID:32896690). Upon activation, FXIIa cleaves prekallikrein to kallikrein, which both amplifies FXII activation and drives cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen to release bradykinin; reducing FXII levels lowers HK cleavage and prevents bradykinin-driven vascular permeability (PMID:30463937). FXII activity also feeds into the prorenin-to-renin activation cascade, where FXIIa-generated kallikrein converts prorenin to renin (PMID:26969407). A common promoter/5' polymorphism (46C>T, rs1801020) is the principal F12-locus determinant of plasma FXII level, reducing FXII in a gene-dosage manner and prolonging aPTT with diminished thrombin generation, and homozygosity associates with increased risk of venous thrombosis and ischemic stroke (PMID:19933701, PMID:20814302, PMID:15116249, PMID:15232129). Multiple liver-targeted knockdown studies across species establish that FXII is required for pathological arterial and venous thrombus formation yet dispensable for hemostasis, since FXII depletion or deficiency prevents thrombosis without prolonging bleeding (PMID:32896690, PMID:30959404, PMID:31022435). Gain-of-function mutations clustering in the proline-rich region cause hereditary angioedema with normal C1-INH; the p.Thr309Lys variant produces an aberrantly glycosylated FXII that is primed by thrombin cleavage to release a 37-kDa fragment enabling enhanced fluid-phase activation to βFXIIa, and disease severity is modulated by the efficiency of downstream bradykinin-degrading enzymes (PMID:33725261, PMID:23994767, PMID:25134986).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 2004 Medium

    Whether common F12 genetic variation translates into clinical thrombotic risk was unresolved; case-control studies linked 46C>T homozygosity to reduced FXII and elevated risk of venous thrombosis and ischemic stroke, establishing F12 as a genetic thrombosis risk locus.

    Evidence Case-control cohorts with FXII level measurement and 46C>T genotyping in VTE and ischemic stroke patients

    PMID:15116249 PMID:15232129

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-cohort associations not pooled across populations
    • Mechanism by which the variant alters FXII level not defined here
  2. 2009 High

    It was unclear which F12 sequence variant drives plasma FXII variability; resequencing and Bayesian quantitative trait analysis pinpointed rs1801020 (46C>T) as the single functional variant accounting for F12-locus variance in FXII levels.

    Evidence F12 resequencing and measured-genotype/Bayesian QTN analysis in GAIT family cohort

    PMID:19933701

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism (transcription/translation efficiency) of the variant not directly demonstrated
  3. 2010 High

    Whether the 46C>T variant has measurable downstream coagulation consequences was open; a large hemostatic phenotyping cohort showed gene-dosage reduction of FXII with prolonged aPTT, lower thrombin generation, and reduced FIX activity, establishing functional impairment of the intrinsic pathway.

    Evidence Genotyping plus 46 hemostatic parameters including aPTT and thrombin generation assays in 566 participants

    PMID:20814302

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not address arterial/venous thrombosis incidence directly
    • Causal step from FXII level to FIX activity not isolated
  4. 2013 Medium

    The structural basis of hereditary angioedema-causing FXII variants was uncertain; a novel proline-rich-region duplication co-segregating with HAE mapped to the same region as Thr309Lys/Arg and a deletion, defining this domain as a regulatory hotspot for contact activation and edema.

    Evidence F12 sequencing and family co-segregation analysis with comparison to known HAE variants

    PMID:23994767

    Open questions at the time
    • No in vitro functional assay of the duplication
    • Mechanism of gain-of-function inferred from clustering, not tested
  5. 2014 Medium

    Why HAE-FXII severity varies among mutation carriers was unknown; an inverse correlation between bradykinin-catabolizing enzyme (ACE, CPN) activities and disease severity established kinin degradation efficiency as a modifier of FXII gain-of-function angioedema.

    Evidence Clinical/biochemical enzyme activity measurements and logistic regression in 118 F12 mutation carriers

    PMID:25134986

    Open questions at the time
    • Correlative, not causal demonstration of enzyme modulation
    • Does not explain the primary gain-of-function activation step
  6. 2016 Medium

    Whether FXII contributes beyond coagulation/kinin signaling was open; genetic and in vitro assays showed the F12 variant reduces FXIIa-driven prekallikrein activation and consequent kallikrein-mediated prorenin-to-renin conversion, placing FXII upstream in the renin activation cascade.

    Evidence Two-cohort genotyping, in vitro prorenin digestion by kallikrein, angiotensinogen cleavage assay, and renal co-localization

    PMID:26969407

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological significance of FXII-driven renin activation in vivo unestablished
    • Single-lab in vitro enzymatic data
  7. 2018 High

    Whether FXII is the initiating protease of contact-pathway bradykinin generation and a tractable therapeutic target was unresolved; cross-species GalNAc-siRNA knockdown reduced FXII dose-dependently, decreased HK cleavage, and prevented bradykinin-driven vascular permeability.

    Evidence GalNAc-siRNA knockdown in mice, rats, and monkeys with vascular leakage models and ex vivo human plasma HK cleavage assay

    PMID:30463937

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not separate coagulation from kinin contributions in disease
    • Long-term consequences of sustained FXII depletion not addressed
  8. 2019 Medium

    Whether FXII is selectively required for pathological thrombosis versus hemostasis was a key therapeutic question; liver shRNA knockdown and analysis of FXII-deficient cats both prevented/lacked thrombosis without bleeding, confirming a conserved pro-thrombotic but hemostatically dispensable role.

    Evidence AAV-shRNA F12 knockdown in mice across thrombosis models plus tail bleeding assay; genotype-phenotype correlation in 26 FXII-deficient cats

    PMID:30959404 PMID:31022435

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab knockdown study
    • Mechanism of surface-triggered thrombotic activation not dissected
  9. 2020 High

    Confirmation of clean antithrombotic-without-hemostatic separation and the cellular basis of FXII-deficiency mutations was needed; near-complete liver knockdown protected against arterial and venous thrombosis without altering bleeding, while expression of missense variants showed impaired FXII synthesis and secretion.

    Evidence ALN-F12 knockdown in mouse thrombosis/hemostasis models; site-directed mutagenesis and expression of E502K/G542S variants in 293T cells with clotting/ELISA/Western readouts

    PMID:32335876 PMID:32896690

    Open questions at the time
    • Variant expression study is single-lab in a heterologous cell line
    • Surface contact activation mechanism in vivo not addressed
  10. 2021 High

    The molecular mechanism by which p.Thr309Lys causes HAE was unresolved; recombinant and patient-plasma analyses showed altered glycosylation and a thrombin-priming model in which thrombin cleavage releases a 37-kDa fragment enabling enhanced fluid-phase activation and kallikrein-driven βFXIIa generation.

    Evidence Recombinant WT/FXII309Lys in S2 cells, patient/control plasma Western and amidolytic assays, neuraminidase treatment, thrombin and plasmin cleavage assays

    PMID:33725261

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo validation of the thrombin-priming model not provided
    • Single-lab mechanistic study

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How surface/contact triggers initiate FXII autoactivation at the molecular level in vivo, and the physiological relevance of FXII in renin activation, remain open.
  • No structural model of contact-surface-triggered autoactivation in the timeline
  • In vivo role in renin activation not demonstrated

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 3 GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 2
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 2
Pathway
R-HSA-109582 Hemostasis 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2
Partners
F2KLKB1KNG1

Evidence

Reading pass · 15 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1977 The major route of prothrombin activation in blood or plasma involves removal of the combined activation fragment F1-2 (amino-terminal half of prothrombin) as a single peptide, accounting for at least 90% of prothrombin conversion; the smaller F1 fragment represents less than 10% of serum fragments, establishing that prothrombin is predominantly cleaved to release F1-2 rather than sequential F1 then F2 fragments. Rapid purification via DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite chromatography, isotope dilution quantification, amino acid composition, antigenic characterization, and thrombin hydrolysis of isolated fragments The Journal of clinical investigation High 410831
2009 Resequencing and quantitative trait nucleotide analysis of F12 identified that the rs1801020 (46C>T) polymorphism alone accounts for the variance in plasma FXII levels attributable to the F12 locus; bioinformatic and Bayesian analysis across 398 individuals from 21 families established this as the primary functional quantitative trait nucleotide. F12 gene resequencing in 40 individuals, genotyping of 26 SNPs in 398 individuals (GAIT Project families), measured genotype association analysis, Bayesian Quantitative Trait Nucleotide method Human molecular genetics High 19933701
2004 Homozygosity for the 46C>T (rs1801020) polymorphism in the F12 gene is associated with reduced plasma FXII levels and an approximately 4.8-fold increased risk of venous thrombosis, establishing this polymorphism as an independent genetic risk factor for venous thromboembolism. Case-control study (250 VTE patients vs. 250 controls), FXII level measurement, genotyping of 46C>T polymorphism, adjusted odds ratio calculation Thrombosis and haemostasis Medium 15116249
2004 Homozygosity for the T allele of the 46C>T polymorphism in F12 is associated with an approximately 4.1-fold increased risk of ischemic stroke, with confirmed significant differences in Factor XIIc levels across genotypes. Case-control study (205 ischemic stroke patients vs. 231 controls), Factor XIIc level measurement, F12 46C>T genotyping, adjusted odds ratio Stroke Medium 15232129
2010 The F12 -4C>T polymorphism (rs1801020) significantly reduces plasma FXII levels and consequently prolongs activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in a gene-dosage dependent manner; carriers also show reduced thrombin generation (lower endogenous thrombin potential, thrombin peak, time-to-peak) and lower FIXc levels, establishing that this polymorphism functionally impairs the intrinsic coagulation pathway. Genotyping of 566 participants (280 bleeding patients + 286 controls) for F12 -4C>T, measurement of 46 hemostatic parameters including aPTT, thrombin generation assay, FXII/FIX/FVII activity Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis High 20814302
2016 Polymorphisms at the F12 locus (rs1801020) and KLKB1 locus reduce active plasma renin levels; in vitro studies demonstrated that the amino acid substitution encoded by the F12 variant reduces the ability of factor XIIa to activate prekallikrein to kallikrein, which in turn has reduced efficacy in converting prorenin to renin, establishing F12 as a functional component of the prorenin-to-renin activation cascade. Genotyping of two independent cohorts (1,180 total subjects), active plasma renin measurement, in vitro digestion assay of human recombinant pro-renin by kallikrein, synthetic substrate angiotensinogen cleavage assay, co-localization of kallikrein with renin in mouse kidney sections BMC medical genetics Medium 26969407
2018 RNAi-mediated knockdown of liver F12 mRNA by GalNAc-siRNA (ALN-F12) reduces plasma FXII levels in a dose-dependent manner in mice, rats, and cynomolgus monkeys; FXII reduction prevents vascular permeability in two bradykinin-driven mouse models, and ex vivo human plasma assays confirm that FXII reduction decreases high-molecular-weight kininogen cleavage, establishing FXII as the initiating protease of contact pathway-driven bradykinin generation. Subcutaneous GalNAc-siRNA administration in rodents and NHP, plasma FXII protein/mRNA measurement, two mouse vascular leakage models (bradykinin-driven), ex vivo human plasma HK cleavage assay RNA (New York, N.Y.) High 30463937
2020 Liver-specific FXII knockdown by ALN-F12 (>95% reduction) protects against thrombosis in both ferric chloride arterial and electrolytic venous injury mouse models (reducing platelet and fibrin accumulation and prolonging time to occlusion) without affecting hemostasis (no change in bleeding time or blood loss), establishing that FXII is required for pathological thrombus formation but dispensable for hemostasis. AAV/siRNA-mediated liver F12 knockdown in C57Bl/6 mice, ferric chloride arterial thrombosis model, electrolytic venous thrombosis model, saphenous vein injury hemostasis model, tail tip transection bleeding model, plasma FXII protein measurement Thrombosis research High 32896690
2013 A novel 18-bp duplication in F12 (c.892_909dup, causing p.298-303 repeat) in a patient with hereditary angioedema with normal C1-INH maps to the same proline-rich region of factor XII as three previously described HAE-associated mutations (Thr309Lys, Thr309Arg, and a deletion), defining this proline-rich region of FXII as critical for the regulation of contact activation and edema formation. Direct F12 gene sequencing, co-segregation analysis in family, comparison of mutation location with known HAE-FXII variants Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) Medium 23994767
2021 The HAE-FXII variant FXII309Lys (p.Thr309Lys) produces a smaller FXII protein with altered glycosylation (increased electrophoretic mobility comparable to N-glycan-deficient FXII), exhibits increased sensitivity to activation by dextran sulphate and silica generating an aberrant 37-kDa heavy chain, and is specifically cleaved by thrombin to release a 37-kDa fragment that primes fluid-phase activation, subsequently enabling kallikrein cleavage to generate active βFXIIa, establishing a thrombin-priming model for HAE-FXII pathogenesis. Western blot and amidolytic assays in plasma from 33 HAE-FXII patients, 25 healthy controls, and 46 CDG patients; neuraminidase treatment of plasma; recombinant wild-type and FXII309Lys expressed in Drosophila S2 cells; exogenous thrombin and tPA-generated plasmin cleavage assays; dextran sulfate and silica activation assays Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology High 33725261
2014 Severity of FXII-HAE (caused by F12 c.983C>A/c.983C>G mutations) is inversely correlated with activities of the kinin-catabolizing enzymes angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and carboxypeptidase N (CPN), establishing that the severity of bradykinin-mediated angioedema due to gain-of-function FXII variants is modulated by the efficiency of bradykinin degradation. Clinical and biological data from 118 F12 mutation carriers (80 symptomatic, 38 asymptomatic) and 58 non-carrier relatives; measurement of ACE, CPN, aminopeptidase P, C1Inh, and C4; logistic regression with Akaike information criterion; odds ratio analysis Allergy Medium 25134986
2020 In vitro expression of F12 missense variants p.Glu502Lys and p.Gly542Ser in 293T cells demonstrated that both mutations reduce FXII activity and antigen levels in supernatant (28%/24% and 32%/17% of wild-type, respectively) and in cell lysates (39% and 59% of wild-type), establishing that these mutations impair both synthesis and secretion of FXII protein. Site-directed mutagenesis of wild-type F12, transient transfection into 293T cells, one-stage clotting assay (FXII:C) and ELISA (FXII:Ag) on supernatant and cell lysate, Western blot Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi Medium 32335876
2019 Factor XII deficiency in domestic cats is caused by two high-frequency F12 mutations (exon 13 missense c.1631G>C and exon 11 deletion c.1321delC); residual FXII activity correlates with mutation number and type, confirming that these mutations directly impair FXII protein function, and FXII-deficient cats show no bleeding, consistent with FXII being dispensable for hemostasis in vivo. Phenotypic coagulation assays, F12 gene sequencing in 26 FXII-deficient cats, correlation of residual FXII:C with mutation genotype Gene Medium 31022435
2023 Evolutionary analysis establishes that the F12 gene emerged approximately 425 million years ago in vertebrates, with roles in defense and hemostasis; F12 was subsequently lost in marine air-breathing mammals (cetaceans), suggesting adaptive relevance during water-to-land transition and reverse aquatic adaptation, and modern roles in contact with blood-contacting devices and nanoparticles represent environmentally driven new functions. Comparative genomics and macroevolutionary analysis across vertebrate lineages BioEssays Low 37750435
2019 AAV-delivered shRNA targeting liver F12 mRNA (shRNA2) effectively reduces FXII expression and prevents thrombus formation in multiple mouse thrombosis models without causing hemorrhage, confirming FXII's pro-thrombotic role and demonstrating that gene silencing of F12 is an antithrombotic strategy without hemostatic side effects. AAV-mediated shRNA delivery to C57BL/6 mice, liver FXII mRNA and protein measurement, multiple thrombosis models, tail bleeding assay, biochemical and pathological analysis Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids Medium 30959404

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 79 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1990 Purification and characterization of canine myocardial cytosolic phospholipase A2. A calcium-independent phospholipase with absolute f1-2 regiospecificity for diradyl glycerophospholipids. The Journal of biological chemistry 228 2355013
2012 Explicitly correlated Wn theory: W1-F12 and W2-F12. The Journal of chemical physics 160 22462842
1977 Generation of the combined prothrombin activation peptide (F1-2) during the clotting of blood and plasma. The Journal of clinical investigation 124 410831
2015 Hereditary angioedema with normal C1-INH with versus without specific F12 gene mutations. Allergy 108 25952149
2016 Perturbative triples correction for local pair natural orbital based explicitly correlated CCSD(F12*) using Laplace transformation techniques. The Journal of chemical physics 73 28010093
1990 Fibronectin and proteoglycan synthesis in long term cultures of cartilage explants in Ham's F12 supplemented with insulin and calcium: effects of the addition of TGF-beta. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 68 2241173
2016 Treatment for hereditary angioedema with normal C1-INH and specific mutations in the F12 gene (HAE-FXII). Allergy 67 27905115
2013 Novel duplication in the F12 gene in a patient with recurrent angioedema. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 64 23994767
2004 Association after linkage analysis indicates that homozygosity for the 46C-->T polymorphism in the F12 gene is a genetic risk factor for venous thrombosis. Thrombosis and haemostasis 64 15116249
2017 Hereditary Angioedema with Normal C1 Inhibitor and F12 Mutations in 42 Brazilian Families. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 52 29128335
2019 Paternal benzo[a]pyrene exposure alters the sperm DNA methylation levels of imprinting genes in F0 generation mice and their unexposed F1-2 male offspring. Chemosphere 47 31059956
2010 Vaccinia protein F12 has structural similarity to kinesin light chain and contains a motor binding motif required for virion export. PLoS pathogens 40 20195521
2004 Homozygosity of the T allele of the 46 C->T polymorphism in the F12 gene is a risk factor for ischemic stroke in the Spanish population. Stroke 40 15232129
2009 An E2-F12 complex is required for intracellular enveloped virus morphogenesis during vaccinia infection. Cellular microbiology 39 19207726
2018 An investigational RNAi therapeutic targeting Factor XII (ALN-F12) for the treatment of hereditary angioedema. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 34 30463937
2018 Small-molecule AgrA inhibitors F12 and F19 act as antivirulence agents against Gram-positive pathogens. Scientific reports 33 30275455
2015 Characterization of patients with angioedema without wheals: the importance of F12 gene screening. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 31 25744496
2014 Hereditary angioedema with F12 mutation: factors modifying the clinical phenotype. Allergy 28 25134986
2000 cis expression of the F12 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Nef allele transforms the highly productive NL4-3 HIV type 1 to a replication-defective strain: involvement of both Env gp41 and CD4 intracytoplasmic tails. Journal of virology 28 10590138
2001 Nef from human immunodeficiency virus type 1(F12) inhibits viral production and infectivity. Journal of virology 27 11413327
2017 EndoC-βH1 cells display increased sensitivity to sodium palmitate when cultured in DMEM/F12 medium. Islets 25 28277987
2010 Obstetrical Complications and Outcome in Two Families with Hereditary Angioedema due to Mutation in the F12 Gene. Obstetrics and gynecology international 25 20490261
2009 Sequence variation and genetic evolution at the human F12 locus: mapping quantitative trait nucleotides that influence FXII plasma levels. Human molecular genetics 25 19933701
2008 Vaccinia virus protein F12 associates with intracellular enveloped virions through an interaction with A36. Journal of virology 25 19052096
2001 Genetic and functional analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-inhibiting F12-HIVnef allele. The Journal of general virology 25 11602785
2003 v-src oncogene-specific carboxy-terminal peptide is immunoprotective against Rous sarcoma growth in chickens with MHC class I allele B-F12. Vaccine 24 14585677
2013 Supplemented αMEM/F12-based medium enables the survival and growth of primary ovarian follicles encapsulated in alginate hydrogels. Biotechnology and bioengineering 21 23801027
2016 Hereditary angioedema with F12 mutation: Clinical features and enzyme polymorphisms in 9 Southwestern Spanish families. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology 20 27788882
2015 Vaccinia virus protein complex F12/E2 interacts with kinesin light chain isoform 2 to engage the kinesin-1 motor complex. PLoS pathogens 20 25760349
2013 Antihistamine-resistant angioedema in women with negative family history: estrogens and F12 gene mutations. The American journal of medicine 20 24262729
2007 Homozygosity for the C46T polymorphism of the F12 gene is a risk factor for venous thrombosis during the first pregnancy. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 20 17408404
2004 Transcriptome of 3D7 and its gametocyte-less derivative F12 Plasmodium falciparum clones during erythrocytic development using a gene-specific microarray assigned to gene regulation, cell cycle and transcription factors. Gene 20 15474309
2016 Polymorphisms at the F12 and KLKB1 loci have significant trait association with activation of the renin-angiotensin system. BMC medical genetics 18 26969407
2020 Knockdown of liver-derived factor XII by GalNAc-siRNA ALN-F12 prevents thrombosis in mice without impacting hemostatic function. Thrombosis research 17 32896690
2005 T Lymphocytes transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing F12-Vif are protected from HIV-1 infection in an APOBEC3G-independent manner. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 17 16039909
1984 Improved survival and differentiation of newborn and adult mouse neurons in F12 defined medium by fibronectin. Brain research 17 6697235
2014 Interaction Energy of Large Molecules from Restrained Denominator MP2-F12. Journal of chemical theory and computation 16 26584372
2004 Homozygosity of the T allele of the 46 C-->T polymorphism in the F12 gene is a risk factor for acute coronary artery disease in the Spanish population. Haematologica 16 15257949
1983 Isolation and characterization of F12 adhesive fimbrial antigen from uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Infection and immunity 16 6339412
2009 The F12-Vif derivative Chim3 inhibits HIV-1 replication in CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD34+-derived macrophages by blocking HIV-1 DNA integration. Blood 15 19211937
2009 The effect of nine common polymorphisms in coagulation factor genes (F2, F5, F7, F12 and F13 ) on the effectiveness of statins: the GenHAT study. Pharmacogenetics and genomics 14 19415820
1991 Immunohistochemical detection of two small cell lung carcinoma-associated antigens defined by MAbs F12 and 123C3 in bronchoscopy biopsy tissues. APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 14 1654059
2014 Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based real-time polymerase chain reaction method without DNA extraction for the genotyping of F5, F2, F12, MTHFR, and HFE. Journal of blood medicine 13 25028568
2019 Factor XII deficiency is common in domestic cats and associated with two high frequency F12 mutations. Gene 9 31022435
2017 Vaccinia virus egress mediated by virus protein A36 is reliant on the F12 protein. The Journal of general virology 9 28631604
2010 The Mediterranean Sea as a barrier to gene flow: evidence from variation in and around the F7 and F12 genomic regions. BMC evolutionary biology 9 20346176
2009 Characterization of the epitope region of F1-2 and F1-5, two monoclonal antibodies to Botulinum neurotoxin type A. Hybridoma (2005) 9 19857112
2012 [Association study of polymorphic markers of F12, PON1, PON2, NOS2, PDE4D, HIF1a, GPIba, CYP11B2 genes with ischemic stroke in Russian patients]. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova 8 22677666
2010 Influence of the F12 -4 C>T polymorphism on hemostatic tests. Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis 8 20814302
2016 Genetic analysis of a hereditary factor XII deficiency pedigree of a consanguineous marriage due to a homozygous F12 gene mutation: Gly341Arg. Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 6 28007010
2010 Novel deleterious mutation in the F12 gene in a Korean family with severe coagulation factor XII deficiency. Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis 6 20729721
1992 Nucleotide sequences of the major subunits of F9 and F12 fimbriae of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Microbial pathogenesis 6 1360613
1990 Growth and characterization of normal human keratinocytes in F12 serum-free medium. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi 6 1701827
2014 Chordopoxvirus protein F12 implicated in enveloped virion morphogenesis is an inactivated DNA polymerase. Biology direct 5 25374149
2010 High resolution mapping of trypanosomosis resistance loci Tir2 and Tir3 using F12 advanced intercross lines with major locus Tir1 fixed for the susceptible allele. BMC genomics 5 20569426
2025 Mycochemistry, antioxidant, anticancer activity, and molecular docking of compounds of F12 of ethyl acetate extract of Astraeus asiaticus with BcL2 and Caspase 3. Scientific reports 4 39910111
2009 Rapid triplex asymmetric real-time PCR hybridization probe assay for the joint genotyping of F2, F5 and F12. Clinical biochemistry 4 19422815
1996 The non-producer phenotype of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus F12/HIV-1 is the result of multiple genetic variations. The Journal of general virology 4 8810997
2024 Photoinactivation of the bacteriophage PhiX174 by UVA radiation and visible light in SM buffer and DMEM-F12. BMC research notes 2 38167092
2021 Thrombin in the Activation of the Fluid Contact Phase in Patients with Hereditary Angioedema Carrying the F12 P.Thr309Lys Variant. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology 2 33725261
2021 Comparison of Rat Primary Midbrain Neurons Cultured in DMEM/F12 and Neurobasal Mediums. Basic and clinical neuroscience 2 34925717
2018 The prevalence of heterozygous F12 mutations in Chinese population and its relevance to incidents of thrombosis. BMC medical genetics 2 29587641
2025 Case Report: Two children with factor XII deficiency caused by novel F12 compound heterozygous variants. Frontiers in pediatrics 1 40673203
2024 Complete genome sequence of Bacillus pumilus F12-21, a halotolerant bacterium with antibacterial properties isolated from a Big Bone Lick State Park salt spring. Microbiology resource announcements 1 38501782
2024 [Pedigree Analysis of Hereditary Coagulation Factor XII Deficiency Caused by Compound Heterozygous Mutation p.Gly175Cys and p.Gly542Ser of F12 Gene]. Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi 1 38926981
2023 [Analysis of F12 gene variants and molecular mechanisms in patients with coagulation factor Ⅻ deficiency]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 1 36972937
2023 An evolutionary history of F12 gene: Emergence, loss, and vulnerability with the environment as a driver. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 1 37750435
2023 [Analysis of a Chinese pedigree affected with Hereditary coagulation factor Ⅻ deficiency due to compound heterozygous variants of F12 gene]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 1 37994133
2023 Homozygous missense variant F12 (Gly506Asp) associated with severe factor XII deficiency: a case report. Journal of medical case reports 1 38057855
2020 [Identification of compound heterozygous variants of F12 gene in a pedigree affected with inherited coagulation factor XII deficiency]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 1 32335876
2019 Antithrombotic Effect of shRNA Target F12 Mediated by Adeno-Associated Virus. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 1 30959404
2012 Two-stage cultivation of Pseudomonas sp. F12 for the production of enzymes converting DL-2-amino-Δ²-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid to L-cysteine. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 1 23054819
2026 Transmission of F12-related hereditary angioedema through a sperm donor. Frontiers in immunology 0 41890722
2026 ClinGen Bayesian-Framework-Guided Interpretation of Compound Heterozygous F12 Variants in a Pregnant Woman with Factor XII Deficiency: A Case Report. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 0 42072805
2023 [Genetic analysis of a Chinese pedigree affected with Congenital coagulation factor XII deficiency due to a c.1A>G start codon variant of F12 gene]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 0 37102287
2023 [Analysis of a Chinese pedigree affected with Hereditary FⅫ deficiency due to compound heterozygous variants of F12 gene]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 0 37730224
2023 Analysis of an Inherited FXII Deficiency Pedigree Associated with Double Heterozygous Mutations in the F12 Gene. Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion 0 37790745
2020 [Analysis of a pedigree affected with hereditary coagulation factor XII deficiency due to a homozygous 252delAsn deletion of F12 gene]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 0 32619258
2016 Papillophlebitis versus paediatric venous thrombosis. A case with 46C/T polymorphism in the F12 coagulation gene. Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 0 27773491

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