Affinage

ERMAP

Erythroid membrane-associated protein · UniProt Q96PL5

Length
475 aa
Mass
52.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 7 papers cited in narrative 7 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ERMAP is an erythroid and immune-cell-surface transmembrane glycoprotein of the butyrophilin/B7 family that functions both as a blood group antigen carrier and as an immunomodulatory molecule (PMID:10721728, PMID:11783959, PMID:32620788). The protein presents an extracellular immunoglobulin (IgV) fold homologous to butyrophilin, autoantigens, and avian blood group antigens, and a cytoplasmic B30.2 domain homologous to butyrophilin, pyrin, and MID1, with kinase consensus sequences and post-Golgi sorting signals in its cytoplasmic region (PMID:11549310, PMID:11783959). It localizes to the plasma membrane—particularly at sites of cell contact—and to cytoplasmic vesicles/bodies (PMID:10721728, PMID:11549310). ERMAP carries the Scianna blood group antigens: the Sc2 antigen arises from a Gly57Arg substitution and the Rd antigen from a Pro60Ala substitution, while a 2-bp frameshift deletion in exon 3 produces the null Sc:-1,-2 phenotype (PMID:12393480). Functionally, ERMAP acts as a B7-related inhibitory ligand: as an Fc fusion it suppresses CD4+ and CD8+ T cell function through a receptor expressed on activated T cells and macrophages, and ERMAP-Ig ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and type 1 diabetes in mice (PMID:32620788). On cancer cells, ERMAP serves as a pro-phagocytic 'eat me' signal: it binds galectin-9 on Kupffer cells in a glycosylation-dependent manner, forming a bridging complex with the transmembrane receptor dectin-2 that drives Kupffer cell phagocytosis of cancer cells and suppresses liver metastasis (PMID:37813965).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 6 steps
  1. 2000 Medium

    Established ERMAP as an erythroid-restricted transmembrane protein with a defined domain architecture and subcellular distribution, framing it as a candidate membrane receptor.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, sequence/domain analysis, GFP-fusion localization in 293T cells, Northern blot and in situ hybridization

    PMID:10721728

    Open questions at the time
    • No binding partner or ligand identified
    • Function of the cytoplasmic B30.2 domain and phosphorylation sites untested
    • Mouse architecture (two Ig folds) not reconciled with later human single-IgV model
  2. 2001 Medium

    Refined the human ERMAP structure to a single extracellular IgV fold and confirmed cell-surface localization enriched at cell-cell contacts, hinting at an adhesion/signaling role.

    Evidence Subtractive hybridization cloning, sequence analysis, immunofluorescence with IgV peptide-specific antibody, in situ hybridization

    PMID:11549310 PMID:11783959

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of localization at cell contacts not tested
    • No interacting partner at contact sites identified
    • Butyrophilin homology not functionally validated
  3. 2002 High

    Connected ERMAP genotype to phenotype by demonstrating it encodes the Scianna blood group antigens, mapping specific residues to antigenic determinants.

    Evidence Gene sequencing of Scianna/Radin probands, PCR-SSP genotyping, serology validation

    PMID:12393480

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not address the molecular/physiological function of ERMAP beyond antigenicity
    • Phenotype of null individuals not mechanistically characterized
  4. 2016 Medium

    Catalogued ERMAP allelic diversity across populations, establishing the coding/noncoding variation landscape and confirming the rarity of nonfunctional alleles.

    Evidence Allele-specific PCR across exons 2–12, Sanger sequencing, multi-population sampling

    PMID:27612015

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional consequence assigned to identified SNPs
    • Restricted to studied populations
  5. 2020 Medium

    Reframed ERMAP as a B7-family immunomodulator that inhibits T cells via a receptor on activated immune cells and whose blockade promotes anti-tumor phagocytosis.

    Evidence ERMAP-Ig in vitro T cell inhibition assays, antibody-mediated phagocytosis assays, mouse autoimmune (EAE, T1D) and tumor models

    PMID:32620788

    Open questions at the time
    • The ERMAP receptor on activated T cells/macrophages was not molecularly identified
    • Mechanism linking inhibitory ligand activity to phagocytosis unresolved
    • Single-lab functional study
  6. 2023 High

    Defined the molecular basis of ERMAP's pro-phagocytic 'eat me' activity by identifying a glycosylation-dependent galectin-9/dectin-2 bridging complex controlling liver metastasis.

    Evidence In vivo genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen, co-immunoprecipitation, glycosylation-dependent binding assays, Kupffer cell phagocytosis and liver metastasis mouse models

    PMID:37813965

    Open questions at the time
    • Glycan structures mediating galectin-9 binding not fully defined
    • Relationship between this bridging complex and the T-cell-inhibitory receptor activity unclear
    • Role of the cytoplasmic B30.2 domain in signaling not addressed

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The identity of the inhibitory ERMAP receptor on activated T cells and the signaling function of its cytoplasmic B30.2 domain remain unresolved.
  • Cognate inhibitory receptor not molecularly identified
  • No structural model of ERMAP complexes
  • Function of cytoplasmic B30.2/phosphorylation sites uncharacterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 2 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 1
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 2
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 1
Partners
CLEC6ALGALS9

Evidence

Reading pass · 7 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2000 ERMAP (erythroid membrane-associated protein) is a transmembrane protein with two extracellular immunoglobulin folds, a conserved B30.2 domain and phosphorylation consensus sequences in the cytoplasmic region. A GFP-ERMAP fusion protein localizes to the plasma membrane and cytoplasmic vesicles in transiently transfected 293T cells. Expression is restricted to fetal and adult erythroid tissues. cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, GFP fusion protein localization by fluorescence microscopy, Northern blot, in situ hybridization Gene Medium 10721728
2001 Human ERMAP protein is predicted to contain one extracellular IgV fold (not two as in mouse), a cytoplasmic B30.2 domain, multiple kinase consensus sequences, and post-Golgi sorting signals. The protein localizes to the cell surface, particularly at sites of cell contact, and to cytoplasmic bodies, as demonstrated by an antibody specific for the IgV fold-derived peptide. Subtractive hybridization cloning, sequence analysis, immunofluorescence with peptide-specific antibody, in situ hybridization Genomics Medium 11549310
2001 Human ERMAP protein (475 amino acids) shares high homology with butyrophilin and localizes to the plasma membrane and cytoplasmic bodies in erythroid cells. The extracellular IgV fold shares homology with butyrophilin family proteins, autoantigens, and avian blood group antigens. The cytoplasmic B30.2 domain is encoded by a single exon and is homologous with butyrophilin, pyrin, and MID1. The human ERMAP gene spans 19 kb on chromosome 1p34 and comprises 11 exons. cDNA and genomic sequencing, fluorescence microscopy, chromosomal mapping Blood cells, molecules & diseases Medium 11783959
2002 ERMAP encodes the Scianna blood group antigens including Rd. Sc2 antigen is caused by an ERMAP Gly57Arg substitution, the Rd antigen by an ERMAP Pro60Ala substitution, and the null Sc:-1,-2 phenotype by a 2-bp deletion in exon 3 causing a frameshift. PCR-SSP genotyping for these alleles was validated against serology. Gene sequencing of ERMAP in Scianna/Radin phenotype probands, PCR-SSP genotyping, serology validation Blood High 12393480
2016 Full-length nucleotide sequences of ERMAP alleles encoding Scianna antigens were determined across 100 chromosomes from five population groups. Forty-eight distinct ERMAP alleles were resolved without ambiguity; 80 SNPs were identified, with 75 in noncoding sequences and 5 in coding regions. No SNP indicative of a nonfunctional allele was detected in the studied populations. Allele-specific PCR spanning 21.4 kb (exons 2–12 and introns), Sanger sequencing, population sampling Transfusion Medium 27612015
2020 ERMAP is a B7 family-related immunomodulatory protein expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells and some tumor tissues. ERMAP-Ig fusion protein inhibits CD4+ and CD8+ T cell functions in vitro. A putative ERMAP receptor is expressed on activated T cells and macrophages. Anti-ERMAP antibody enhances macrophage phagocytosis of cancer cells in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in mice. ERMAP-Ig administration ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and type 1 diabetes in mouse models. ERMAP-Ig fusion protein in vitro T cell inhibition assays, antibody-mediated phagocytosis assay, in vivo mouse autoimmune disease models, tumor growth inhibition experiments Cellular & molecular immunology Medium 32620788
2023 ERMAP expressed on cancer cell surfaces acts as a pro-phagocytic 'eat me' signal for Kupffer cells by interacting with galectin-9 on Kupffer cells in a glycosylation-dependent manner. Galectin-9 forms a bridging complex with ERMAP and the transmembrane receptor dectin-2 on Kupffer cells to induce detection and phagocytosis of cancer cells. In vivo CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening identified ERMAP as required for Kupffer cell-mediated phagocytosis and control of liver metastasis. In vivo genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening, co-immunoprecipitation, glycosylation-dependent binding assays, Kupffer cell phagocytosis assays, liver metastasis mouse models Nature immunology High 37813965

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1998 Eight prion strains have PrP(Sc) molecules with different conformations. Nature medicine 1021 9771749
1995 Nonrandom gene organization: structural arrangements of specific pre-mRNA transcription and splicing with SC-35 domains. The Journal of cell biology 207 8557734
2014 sc-PDB: a 3D-database of ligandable binding sites--10 years on. Nucleic acids research 194 25300483
2003 The paradox of hemoglobin SC disease. Blood reviews 184 12818227
1999 Processing of endogenous pre-mRNAs in association with SC-35 domains is gene specific. The Journal of cell biology 172 10037785
2005 Inactivating mutations in ESCO2 cause SC phocomelia and Roberts syndrome: no phenotype-genotype correlation. American journal of human genetics 107 16380922
2003 Soluble dimeric prion protein binds PrP(Sc) in vivo and antagonizes prion disease. Cell 104 12679034
1982 Molecular and cellular pathogenesis of hemoglobin SC disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101 6961429
2003 Biochemistry and structure of PrP(C) and PrP(Sc). British medical bulletin 100 14522846
2017 Clinical Translation and First In-Human Use of [44Sc]Sc-PSMA-617 for PET Imaging of Metastasized Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Theranostics 95 29158832
1982 Clinical, hematological, and biochemical features of Hb SC disease. American journal of hematology 84 7137165
2013 The pH-triggered conversion of the PrP(c) to PrP(sc.). Current topics in medicinal chemistry 81 23647538
2006 DNA aptamers that bind to PrP(C) and not PrP(Sc) show sequence and structure specificity. Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 81 16446497
2015 Kidney Disease among Patients with Sickle Cell Disease, Hemoglobin SS and SC. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 80 26672090
2014 (44)Sc: an attractive isotope for peptide-based PET imaging. Molecular pharmaceutics 80 25054618
2011 sc-PDB: a database for identifying variations and multiplicity of 'druggable' binding sites in proteins. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 80 21398668
2003 Meiotic condensin is required for proper chromosome compaction, SC assembly, and resolution of recombination-dependent chromosome linkages. The Journal of cell biology 72 14662740
2020 netNMF-sc: leveraging gene-gene interactions for imputation and dimensionality reduction in single-cell expression analysis. Genome research 66 31992614
2016 Effects of hydroxyurea treatment for patients with hemoglobin SC disease. American journal of hematology 66 26615793
2006 Molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC. Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) 66 17157043
2018 The Structure of PrPSc Prions. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 63 29414853
2023 The ligation between ERMAP, galectin-9 and dectin-2 promotes Kupffer cell phagocytosis and antitumor immunity. Nature immunology 61 37813965
2002 Evidence that all SC-35 domains contain mRNAs and that transcripts can be structurally constrained within these domains. Journal of structural biology 57 12490161
1995 Functional asplenia in hemoglobin SC disease. Blood 57 7718896
2022 SC-MEB: spatial clustering with hidden Markov random field using empirical Bayes. Briefings in bioinformatics 56 34849574
2006 The many facets of SC function during C. elegans meiosis. Chromosoma 53 16555015
2016 Adipocyte Browning and Higher Mitochondrial Function in Periadrenal But Not SC Fat in Pheochromocytoma. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 45 27575944
1997 Cellular effects of hydroxyurea in Hb SC disease. British journal of haematology 45 9326175
2015 Tissue-Specific Regulation of Drosophila NF-x03BA;B Pathway Activation by Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein SC. Journal of innate immunity 44 26513145
1991 The unique red cell heterogeneity of SC disease: crystal formation, dense reticulocytes, and unusual morphology. Blood 44 1912587
2016 Knowledge insufficient: the management of haemoglobin SC disease. British journal of haematology 43 27982424
2018 Inflammatory response of microglia to prions is controlled by sialylation of PrPSc. Scientific reports 40 30054538
2013 SC-514, a selective inhibitor of IKKβ attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and NF-κB activation. Biochemical pharmacology 40 24091016
1987 The xerocytosis of Hb SC disease. Blood 38 2947642
2022 Intrathecal sc-AAV9-CB-GFP: Systemic Distribution Predominates Following Single-Dose Administration in Cynomolgus Macaques. Toxicologic pathology 37 35658751
2024 Subcutaneous efgartigimod PH20 in generalized myasthenia gravis: A phase 3 randomized noninferiority study (ADAPT-SC) and interim analyses of a long-term open-label extension study (ADAPT-SC+). Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics 35 39227284
2013 Re-assessment of PrP(Sc) distribution in sporadic and variant CJD. PloS one 34 23843953
2010 Association of adipogenic genes with SC-35 domains during porcine adipogenesis. Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology 34 21127962
2014 Msh4 and Msh5 function in SC-independent chiasma formation during the streamlined meiosis of Tetrahymena. Genetics 32 25217051
2010 Cloning, characterisation and heterologous expression of an astacin metalloprotease, Sc-AST, from the entomoparasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. Molecular and biochemical parasitology 32 20670659
2002 Scianna antigens including Rd are expressed by ERMAP. Blood 31 12393480
2022 Glial activation in prion diseases is selectively triggered by neuronal PrPSc. Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) 30 35178783
2017 How do PrPSc Prions Spread between Host Species, and within Hosts? Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 30 29186791
2019 Therapeutic Potential of 47Sc in Comparison to 177Lu and 90Y: Preclinical Investigations. Pharmaceutics 29 31434360
2016 Evaluation of the first 44Sc-labeled Affibody molecule for imaging of HER2-expressing tumors. Nuclear medicine and biology 29 27837664
2021 Sc-compReg enables the comparison of gene regulatory networks between conditions using single-cell data. Nature communications 27 34362918
2015 Elevated hypercoagulability markers in hemoglobin SC disease. Haematologica 27 25596272
2015 Downregulation of the Musca domestica peptidoglycan recognition protein SC (PGRP-SC) leads to overexpression of antimicrobial peptides and tardy pupation. Molecular immunology 27 26296288
2000 Ermap, a gene coding for a novel erythroid specific adhesion/receptor membrane protein. Gene 27 10721728
2013 Human bulbar conjunctival hemodynamics in hemoglobin SS and SC disease. American journal of hematology 26 23657867
2008 Zebrafish peptidoglycan recognition protein SC (zfPGRP-SC) mediates multiple intracellular signaling pathways. Fish & shellfish immunology 26 19084604
2022 Effects of Combined Pentadecanoic Acid and Tamoxifen Treatment on Tamoxifen Resistance in MCF-7/SC Breast Cancer Cells. International journal of molecular sciences 25 36232636
2013 Phosphanegold(I) dithiocarbamates, R3PAu[SC(=S)N((i)Pr)CH2CH2OH] for R = Ph, Cy and Et: role of phosphane-bound R substituents upon in vitro cytotoxicity against MCF-7R breast cancer cells and cell death pathways. European journal of medicinal chemistry 24 23856069
2002 Identification and characterization of testis- and epididymis-specific genes: cystatin SC and cystatin TE-1. Biology of reproduction 24 12444065
2019 Photonuclear production, chemistry, and in vitro evaluation of the theranostic radionuclide 47Sc. EJNMMI research 23 31098710
2012 PrP(Sc) detection and infectivity in semen from scrapie-infected sheep. The Journal of general virology 22 22323531
1993 SC-46275: a potent and highly selective agonist at the EP3 receptor. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids 22 8140121
2020 ERMAP is a B7 family-related molecule that negatively regulates T cell and macrophage responses. Cellular & molecular immunology 21 32620788
2001 Cloning and characterization of human erythroid membrane-associated protein, human ERMAP. Genomics 21 11549310
2000 PrP(Sc) typing by N-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry. Archives of virology. Supplementum 21 11214924
2018 Two novel SHP-1 agonists, SC-43 and SC-78, are more potent than regorafenib in suppressing the in vitro stemness of human colorectal cancer cells. Cell death discovery 20 30109144
2017 What Is Our Current Understanding of PrPSc-Associated Neurotoxicity and Its Molecular Underpinnings? Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 20 29194372
2011 Selection and characterization of DNA aptamers against PrP(Sc). Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 19 21444369
2001 Human ERMAP: an erythroid adhesion/receptor transmembrane protein. Blood cells, molecules & diseases 19 11783959
2018 Synergistic antitumor effects of tanshinone IIA and sorafenib or its derivative SC-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. OncoTargets and therapy 18 29636623
1986 Expression of beta keratin genes during skin development in normal and sc/sc chick embryos. Developmental biology 18 2426144
2017 Differences of microparticle patterns between sickle cell anemia and hemoglobin SC patients. PloS one 17 28489923
2022 BPA disrupts the SC barrier integrity by activating the cytokines/JNK signaling pathway in rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus. Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 16 35193009
2019 X chromosome and autosomal recombination are differentially sensitive to disruptions in SC maintenance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 16 31570610
2018 Anti-prion Protein Antibody 6D11 Restores Cellular Proteostasis of Prion Protein Through Disrupting Recycling Propagation of PrPSc and Targeting PrPSc for Lysosomal Degradation. Molecular neurobiology 16 29987703
2023 Peptidoglycan recognition protein SC (PGRP-SC) shapes gut microbiota richness, diversity and composition by modulating immunity in the house fly Musca domestica. Insect molecular biology 15 36522831
2014 Effects of SC-560 in combination with cisplatin or taxol on angiogenesis in human ovarian cancer xenografts. International journal of molecular sciences 15 25342321
2004 SC-19220, antagonist of prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1, inhibits osteoclastogenesis by RANKL. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 15 15619665
1989 Nucleolar structures in chromosome and SC preparations from human oocytes at first meiotic prophase. Human genetics 15 2722190
2022 Biodegradable Mg-Sc-Sr Alloy Improves Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis to Accelerate Bone Defect Restoration. Journal of functional biomaterials 14 36547521
2021 Anti-bias training for (sc)RNA-seq: experimental and computational approaches to improve precision. Briefings in bioinformatics 14 33959753
1995 Chromosomal localization of mouse and human genes encoding the splicing factors ASF/SF2 (SFRS1) and SC-35 (SFRS2). Genomics 14 8530103
2007 Strategies for eliminating PrP(c) as substrate for prion conversion and for enhancing PrP(Sc) degradation. Veterinary microbiology 13 17493775
1994 Comparative metabolism of SC-42867 and SC-51089, two PGE2 antagonists, in rat and human hepatocyte cultures. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems 13 8165819
1982 The effect of the scaleless gene, sc, on growth performance and carcass composition of broilers. Poultry science 13 7088797
2022 Deep Sc-RNA sequencing decoding the molecular dynamic architecture of the human retina. Science China. Life sciences 12 36115892
2021 PRPI-SC: an ensemble deep learning model for predicting plant lncRNA-protein interactions. BMC bioinformatics 12 34429059
2020 Synthesis of Pt(II) complexes of the type [Pt(1,10-phenanthroline)(SArFn)2] (SArFn = SC6H3-3,4-F2; SC6F4-4-H; SC6F5). Preliminary evaluation of their in vitro anticancer activity. Journal of inorganic biochemistry 12 32801098
2020 Modeling PrPSc Generation Through Deformed Templating. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology 12 33123520
2013 Effect of hyperoxia on pulmonary SIgA and its components, IgA and SC. Journal of clinical immunology 12 23579770
2009 Effect of hypoxia and aging on PKC delta-mediated SC-35 phosphorylation in rat myocardial tissue. Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) 12 19645017
2008 Expression and immunogenicity of six putative variable surface proteins in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC. Microbiology (Reading, England) 12 18227258
2021 Mining of two novel aldehyde dehydrogenases (DHY-SC-VUT5 and DHY-G-VUT7) from metagenome of hydrocarbon contaminated soils. BMC biotechnology 11 33648490
2016 Transcranial Doppler in hemoglobin SC disease. Pediatric blood & cancer 11 27957790
2012 Establishment and characterization of Roberts syndrome and SC phocomelia model medaka (Oryzias latipes). Development, growth & differentiation 11 22694322
1997 Chlorella virus SC-1A encodes at least five functional and one nonfunctional DNA methyltransferases. Gene 11 9197539
2024 LINC MIR503HG Controls SC-β Cell Differentiation and Insulin Production by Targeting CDH1 and HES1. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 10 38243869
2023 Chitosan Nerve Grafts Incorporated with SKP-SC-EVs Induce Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine 10 36877455
2022 The SC cell line as an in vitro model of human monocytes. Journal of leukocyte biology 10 35355303
2022 Effects of High-Intensity Ultrasound Treatments on the Physicochemical and Structural Characteristics of Sodium Caseinate (SC) and the Stability of SC-Coated Oil-in-Water (O/W) Emulsions. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 9 36140961
2021 Efficiency of Stem Cell (SC) Differentiation into Insulin-Producing Cells for Treating Diabetes: a Systematic Review. Stem cells international 9 33727934
2020 Sc-GPE: A Graph Partitioning-Based Cluster Ensemble Method for Single-Cell. Frontiers in genetics 9 33384718
2018 In vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Furia®180 SC (zeta-cypermethrin) and Bulldock 125®SC (β-cyfluthrin) pyrethroid insecticides in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Toxicology mechanisms and methods 9 29129129
2016 Full-length nucleotide sequence of ERMAP alleles encoding Scianna (SC) antigens. Transfusion 9 27612015
1996 Cloning and characterization of the scute (sc) gene of Drosophila subobscura. Genetics 9 8913748

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